Robotics and Automation

ICE 550: Robotics and Automation

Class1: Fundamentals of Robot

Dr. S. MeenatchisundaramEmail: [email protected]

S.Meenatchisundaram, MIT, Manipal, Jan May 2015

Stages of modern science:

First Stage Invention of Tools

Second Stage Invention of steam and IC engines

Third Stage NC (Numerically Controlled) Machines

Fourth Stage Development of Concepts of Robots

Differs from conventional automation:- Ability to perform its own- Substitute of human beings


Important areas of robotics:

Prosthesis artificial replacements for parts of human body

Exoskeletons devices and means for amplification of available power

Telecherics concerned with remote manipulation

Locomotive designed to walk on legs


Definition and Advantages:

Robotics is the science of designing and building robots suitable forreal life applications in automated manufacturing and other non-manufacturing environments.

Robotics is the art, knowledge base and know how of designing,applying and using robots in the human endeavors.

- Interdisciplinary subject that benefits from mechanical engineering,electrical and electronic engineering, computer science and severalother disciplines.

Advantages:- reliability- increased flexibility- low cost in the long run


Laws of Robotics:

Sir Issac Asimov Laws:

Zeroth Law: A robot must not injure humanity orthrough inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.

First Law: A robot must not harm a human being or,through inaction, allow one to come to harm.

Second Law: A robot must always obey humanbeings unless it is in conflict with a higher order law.

Third Law: A robot must protect itself from harmunless that is in conflict with a higher order law.


Robot:

- The origin of word robot is in the Czech word robotameaning either a slave or a mechanical item that would help itsmaster.

- The word robot always refers to an automated multifunctionalmanipulator that works by energy, to performs a variety oftasks.

- A robot is any mechanical device operated automatically toperform in a seemingly human way. By this definition, a garagedoor opener, which automatically opens the door by remotecontrol is also a robot; obviously this is not an industrial robot.

- A robot by virtue of its reprogrammability and versatility isproductive, dynamic and flexible to an extent.

- Robots range from toys to automated assembly lines.


Definition of a Robot:

- An industrial robot is defined by ISO as an automatically controlled,reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in threeor more axes.

- According to Robotics Industries Association, an industrial robot is areprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to movematerial, parts, tools or specialized devices through variousprogrammed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.

- A robot is an automatic device that performs functions normallyascribed to humans or a machine in the form of a human.

- A robot is a software-controllable mechanical device that uses sensorsto guide one or more end effectors through programmed motions ina work piece in order to manipulate physical objects.

- It may also be defined as a number of rigid links connected by jointsof different types that are controlled and monitored by computer.


Automation Vs Robotics:

- Automation involves amechanical device thatcan imitate the actions ofpeople or animals.

- Robotics involves thedesign, construction, andoperation of a robot.

- A robot is a machine thatperforms complicatedtasks and is guided byautomatic controls.


Generations of Robots:

First generation:

- These robots weredesigned to performfactory work.

- Such robots performedsimple tasks that weredangerous or unpleasantfor people.

- Robots were used to weld,spray paint, move heavyobjects, handle hotmaterials, etc.


1961 - The first industrial robot was online in a GeneralMotors automobile factory in New Jersey. It was calledUNIMATE. It was used to pick up and put down parts.


Second generation:

- These robots performmore complex tasksand simulate manyhuman functions.

- Such robots move,sense surroundings,and respond tochanges in theirenvironment.


SWORDS on Display U.S. Army Sgt. 1st Class Jason Mero(right) describes the capabilities of the SWORDS (SpecialWeapons Observation Remote Direct-Action System) robot toGarth Renn, an attendee at the Washington Auto Show,Washingon Convention Center in Washington D.C., Jan. 24,2006. Defense Dept.


Present generation:

Industrial robots

perform many

factory jobs

Welding

Painting

Assembly



Present generation:

Medical Robots

Assist with surgery

Transport materials

Dispense medicine

Communicate



Present generation:

Assistive Robots

Eating

Walking

Cleaning

Grasping/reaching



Present generation:

Explore

Space

Underwater

Military



Present generation:

Household Robots

Vacuum

Mow lawn

Clean


Documents

Robotics and Automation