Robots on the Job Floor

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Robots on the Job Floor

Presented by: Daniel Galel, MatthewHibbard, Brian Keating, and Elisabeth

KjellbergNovember 24th, 2009


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Agenda

History of Robots on the Job floor

General Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots

Overview of Robotic Programming, Classification, and Terms

Robotics in Electronics and on the Cutting Edge Robotics on the Food Production Job Floor


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What is a Industrial Robot?

An automatically controlled, reprogrammable,

multipurpose manipulator programmable in

three or more axes, which may be either fixedin place or mobile for use in industrial

automation applications.

As Defined by ISO 8373


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Agenda


History of the robotic Industry

Overview of how robots work



Robotics in Electronics and on the Cutting Edge

Robotics on the Food Production Job Floor


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History

Multiple forms of

automation

Fixed automation

Flexible automation Programmable

automation


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History

First installation in 1961

Major uptake in 1980s

Hydraulic-servo systems

Slew of problems

Did not understand technology

Reliability

Accuracy Hazardous


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History

Parabolic Growth in 1980s

Advancements made in

late 1980s

New control technology

Smaller robots

New drive systems

Growth in food

processing, packaging


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History

Drive Systems

Hydraulic

Hydraulic-servo

Pneumatic D/C Servo

Brushless D/C Servo

A/C Servo


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History

Drive Systems

Stepper drive

Linear Motor


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Agenda


General Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots Advantages of implementing a robot

Challenges facing incorporating robots into your plan





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Advantages

Accuracy

Repeatability

Flexibility Basis for modern flexible manufacturing

Safety

Painting Welding

Toxins


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Advantages

Ergonomics

Repetitive motion injury

Exhaustion

Cleanliness

Clean rooms

Food and Drugs

Electronics

Human Genome


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Disadvantages

Little R&D

High Costs

Hydraulics Kinks, leaks

Union opposition


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Agenda




Robotic Software

Robotic Terms

Cost




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Foundations of Robots

Robot software

Instructions that control the robots

actions

Dataflow language most often used

Software for industrial robots consists

of program flow


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Examples

Move to P1 (a general safe position)Move to P2 (an approach to P3)

Move to P3 (a position to pick the object)

Close gripper

Move to P4 (an approach to P5)

Move to P5 (a position to place the object)

Open gripperMove to P1 and finish

VAL

PROGRAM PICKPLACE1. MOVE P1

2. MOVE P2

3. MOVE P3

4. CLOSEI 0.00

5. MOVE P4

6. MOVE P5

7. OPENI 0.00

8. MOVE P1

.END

ROBOFORTH

: PICKPLACE

P1 P3 GRIP P5 UNGRIP P1

;


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Foundations Cont.

Parallelism and event-based programming

Safety Considerations

whenever(face.visible)

{

headPan.val += camera.xfov * face.x

&

headTilt.val += camera.yfov * face.y

}


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Robotic Terminology

Sequence Controlled Robot

Trajectory Operated Robot

Adaptive Robot

Teleoperated Robot

Articulated Robot Parallel Robot

Cartesian (Gantry) Robot SCARA Robot

Robots Broken Down By Mechanical Structure

Robots Broken Down By Control Types


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Types of Robots in Industry

Welding - 1961

Spray Painting

Assembly Operations - 1973

Palletizing and Material Handling - 1963


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Cost

Typical stand-alone robot arms with welding

packages cost between $28,000 and $40,000.

A six-axis robot (below) costs about $60,000

Developing the robot costs another $200,000


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Agenda




Robotics in Electronics and on the Cutting Edge Economic Effects

Expanding and Existing Markets

Expanding Technology



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Economic Effects

Robotics developmentslows rapidly and startsslowly as economicconditions worsen

Recessions in 2001 and2008

Drastic drop in price andcost of robots and roboticcomponents in recent

years Robots decreased in cost

by 60% between 1993and 2003


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Existing Markets

Automotive markets

in the U.S. are

saturated

Expansion in Asian

automotive markets

Small part assembly

also saturated Need for precision


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Expanding Markets

More growth inhazardous workenvironments

Starting to replace hard

automation Design for Disassembly

Laboratory Automation

Medical Device Assembly

PharmaceuticalPackaging

Food Production


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Expanding Technology

PC interface

Vision option

Decreased cost

Increased effectivness

Point and click


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Agenda




Robotics in Electronics and on the Cutting Edge Robotics on the Food Production Job Floor

Background of Robots in Food Industry

Applications in the Food Industry

Advantages and Challenges of Robotics in the Food industry

Things to consider in Designing a robot for food production


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Background of Robots in the

Food Industry

Earliest application of robotics in the 1980s

Equipmentwas expensive

Reasons it failed in the 80s and 90s

Return on Investment used to not be fast enough Lack of technical expertise

Concerns about how to clean robots

In 2005 only 1% of the total number of robots in

manufacturing facilities were in the food industry


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Applications

Traditional Applications

Water Jet Cutting Chicken

and Fish fillets

Placing different parts of the

food together

Packaging

Material Handling

More Recent Applications Color and Size inspections


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Advantages

Early Typical Driver for

Robotics is Labor Savings, but

this is not the uniform case

for Food Applications

Improved Quality andconsistency

Harsh Conditions they can

work in

Their Improved SanitaryIssues


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Challenges

Robots are replacing low income workers

Cant directly apply robots designed for automotive and

electronics Industry due to requirements in the task itself

Tasks require dexterity and sensory feedback

Robotic Components are restricted to certain materials


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Cutting Edge Applications and

Development

Infra Red Quality Control Mechanisms

Measuring the tenderness of meat and freshness of vegetables

Cross Applications

The da Vinci system allows doctors to perform heart surgery

remotely, and has been approved by the FDA


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Things To Consider While Designing a

Robot for the Food Industry

Design for cleaning from the beginning

Use FDA/USDA approved materials

General approved materials do not guarantee acceptance

ANSI/RIA standards


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External Resources to Reference

International Federation of Robotics

United Nations Economic Commission for

Europe regularly surveys the robotics market


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Questions?


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Works Cited

http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-

articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&S

ME&

http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/

http://www.dira.dk/Portals/0/Robotter/robot

def.pdf

Trends in Food Science & Technology

UN World Robotics Report 2003
http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/http://www.dira.dk/Portals/0/Robotter/robotdef.pdfhttp://www.dira.dk/Portals/0/Robotter/robotdef.pdfhttp://www.dira.dk/Portals/0/Robotter/robotdef.pdfhttp://www.dira.dk/Portals/0/Robotter/robotdef.pdfhttp://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles.pl?&03mym006&ME&20030501&&SME&

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Robots on the Job Floor