ROCK TYPES & NAMESIgneous MetamorphicSedimentary

Igneous Rocks

Extrusive

Intrusive

Igneous rock is formed by magma (molten rock) cooling and becoming solid.

Metamorphic

Foliated

Non Foliated

Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of any existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism which means "change in form". The protolith is subjected to heat and pressure causing profound physical and/or chemical change.

Sedimentary

Physically weathered

Chemically weathered

Sedimentary rock is a type of rock that is formed by sedimentation of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral and/or organic particles to settle and accumulate or minerals to precipitate from a solution.

Igneous EXTRUSIVE

Basalt

scoria

Welded Tuff

• Igneous rocks are also formed when volcanoes erupt, causing the magma to rise above the earth's surface. When magma appears above the earth, it is called lava. Igneous rocks are formed as the lava cools above ground, Through PYROCLASTIC (explosive) activity or FLOW.

• Note: typically pyroclastics occur in felsic volcanism, Flow occurs in mafic volcanoes.

PumiceObsidian

Igneous INTRUSIVE• Underground, they are formed when the melted rock, called magma, deep

within the earth becomes trapped in small pockets. As these pockets of magma cool slowly underground, the magma becomes igneous rocks.

• Note: rough crystalline texture!

GRANITE (Felsic- light)Gabbro (Mafic-Dark)

Dirotie- felsic/mafic

Sedimentary “1”Chrysocolla Breccia

Navajo Sandstone

coal

Sedimentary “2”

• Chemical deposits and Evaporites

Rock saltLimestone

Metamorphic FOLIATEDPhyllite

Schist

Thin section

Marble

Metamorphic NONFOLIATED

Anthracite coal

Thin sectionQuartzite