ROCK UNIT INTRODUCTION

ROCK UNIT INTRODUCTION

MineralsMinerals

What is the difference between Rocks & Minerals?

What is the difference between Rocks & Minerals? Minerals are made of one or more of the

92 elements in the Earth’s crust. Rocks are made of one or more types

of minerals. Rocks are made up of an aggregate of

minerals or non-minerals and they don’t have a specific chemical composition.

Minerals are made of one or more of the 92 elements in the Earth’s crust.

Rocks are made of one or more types of minerals.

Rocks are made up of an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and they don’t have a specific chemical composition.

MATTERMATTERAll matter is in the form of

ELEMENTS or COMPOUNDS

All matter is in the form of ELEMENTS or COMPOUNDS

MATTERMATTER Element

Made of only one kind of atom Examples

Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Gold (Au)

ElementMade of only one kind of atom Examples

Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Gold (Au)

MATTERMATTERCompound

Made of more than one elementExamples

Water (H2O) Hydrogen & Oxygen

Salt (NaCl) Sodium & Chlorine

CompoundMade of more than one element

Examples Water (H2O)

Hydrogen & Oxygen Salt (NaCl)

Sodium & Chlorine

MATTERMATTER

Oxygen (O) Iron (Fe) Potassium (K) Silicon (Si)

Oxygen (O) Iron (Fe) Potassium (K) Silicon (Si)

Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Aluminum (Al) Sodium (Na)

Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Aluminum (Al) Sodium (Na)

Most common elements in the Earth’s crust:

MINERALSMINERALSAll minerals have five things in

common:1. Naturally occurring substance that is solid

and stable at room temperature2. Formed from non-living geologic processes

(inorganic)3. Made of one element or a compound of

elements4. Forms a crystalline structure 5. Specific chemical composition (eg. Halite

(salt) is NaCl)

All minerals have five things in common:

1. Naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature

2. Formed from non-living geologic processes (inorganic)

3. Made of one element or a compound of elements

4. Forms a crystalline structure 5. Specific chemical composition (eg. Halite

(salt) is NaCl)

Six Common Rock Forming MineralsSix Common Rock Forming Minerals

Quartz Feldspar Mica Halite Hematite Hornblende

Quartz Feldspar Mica Halite Hematite Hornblende

Minerals are FormedMinerals are Formed

Molten Magma cools slowly, large crystals form Lava cools quickly, small crystals form

Solutes Solutions become saturated, minerals form Solutions evaporate, minerals form

Metamorphism Over time, heat and pressure below the earth’s

surface create minerals such as jade

Molten Magma cools slowly, large crystals form Lava cools quickly, small crystals form

Solutes Solutions become saturated, minerals form Solutions evaporate, minerals form

Metamorphism Over time, heat and pressure below the earth’s

surface create minerals such as jade

MINERALSMINERALS

Tests for identifying minerals1. Luster2. Hardness3. Streak4. Specific Density5. Other tests

Tests for identifying minerals1. Luster2. Hardness3. Streak4. Specific Density5. Other tests

MINERALSMINERALS

Luster - How mineral reflects light Metallic - reflects light to look like

metal Nonmetallic - dull, pearly, glassy,

silky

Luster - How mineral reflects light Metallic - reflects light to look like

metal Nonmetallic - dull, pearly, glassy,

silky

MINERALSMINERALS

Hardness - Compare mineral to hardness of other known minerals

Uses Moh’s scale from 1 to 10 1 = Talc (easily scratched with fingernail 8 = Topaz (scratches quartz) 10 = Diamond (no simple test)

Hardness - Compare mineral to hardness of other known minerals

Uses Moh’s scale from 1 to 10 1 = Talc (easily scratched with fingernail 8 = Topaz (scratches quartz) 10 = Diamond (no simple test)

MINERALSMINERALS

Streak - Color of mark when rubbed against unglazed pottery (Like chalk on sidewalk)

Streak - Color of mark when rubbed against unglazed pottery (Like chalk on sidewalk)

MINERALSMINERALS

Density - How tightly matter of mineral is packed together

FormulaDensity (D) = Mass (M)

Volume (V)

Density - How tightly matter of mineral is packed together

FormulaDensity (D) = Mass (M)

Volume (V)

MINERALS-Other PropertiesMINERALS-Other Properties Color Cleavage/Fracture- How the mineral

breaks Crystal Shape Crystal Structure Magnetism Fluorescence Reactivity to acid

Color Cleavage/Fracture- How the mineral

breaks Crystal Shape Crystal Structure Magnetism Fluorescence Reactivity to acid