Rocks – Are They All the Same?. No! Color Size Texture Grain CHEMICAL MAKEUP

Rocks – Are They All the Same?

Rocks – Are They All the Same?

No!• Color• Size• Texture• Grain• CHEMICAL MAKEUP

The Rock Cycle is like an endless life cycle for rocks.

Examples of how some rocks are used.

DAY 1 – Igneous Rocks

• Form when hot, liquid rock cools and hardens in or around a volcano.

• Extrusive = – Volcanic

• Intrusive = – Plutonic







• Extrusive = Volcanic

Exit = outside



• IN-trusive = INside.

Plutonic = underground.

DAY 1 – Igneous Rocks• Form when hot, liquid rock cools and hardens

in or around a volcano.Category Amount of Silica ExamplesFELSIC High (65%, very

viscous)Rhyolite (extrusive)Granite (intrusive)

INTERMEDIATE 55-65% silica viscous Andesite (extrusive)Diororite (intrusive)

MAFIC Low (45-55% contains iron and magnesium)

Basalt (extrusive) Gabbro (intrusive) Basalt is made at spreading ridges, makes up sea floor

ULTRAMAFIC Extremely low (less than 45%) More iron and magneisum

Peridotite (intrusive)





TASKS – Day 1

• Observe your igneous rock forming

• Categorize the real rocks. Can you classify which are intrusive and which are extrusive? Be able to explain.

____________________________________• Duties: Everyone observes and contributes. • All colors must be equally shown on your paper.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

• Form when SAND, SHELLS, ROCKS, or other materials are eroded to other locations

Coal / Geologic Time Scale

Coal /Carboniferous Period

• Atmospheric oxygen levels peaked around 35 percent, compared with 21 percent today

• Some centipedes six feet• Dragonflies that grew to the size of seagulls

(wingspan of 2.5 feet)

Coal / Sedimentary

• Carboniferous period in geologic time = abundance of plant life.

• Lots of plants = Lots of coal akaCARBONiferous period

Coal/Carboniferous

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

• Form when SAND, SHELLS, ROCKS, or other materials are eroded to other locations

• Do heavier sediments travel the farthest?

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

• Compaction and Cementation

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

• Can have layers

TASKS – Day 2

• Can you think of other foods that could be “sedimentary” (hint: think layers)

• Label each rock as:– “clastic” (formed from other rocks) – “organic” (formed from life)

• Create your own sedimentary rock. ____________________________________

• Duties: Everyone contributes. • All colors must be equally shown on your paper.

Day 3 – Metamorphic Rocks

• Form pre-existing rock• Changes by Heat and Pressure

Day 3 – Metamorphic RocksHow are they Formed?

• Pressures deep inside the Earth – tectonic processes such as continental collisions– heated up by an intrusion of hot molten rock

Two Types of Metamorphic Rocks

• Foliated = layers/bands (folds) ex: Gneiss

• Non-foliated = no layers/bandsex: Marble

Tasks – Day 3

• Label each rock as foliated and non-foliated

• Create a “family tree” of metamorphic rocks from their original rocks. (If applicable, place down actual rocks next to each other.)

• Continue Sedimentary Rock creation

• Next class we will talk about the rock cycle.

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Rocks – Are They All the Same?. No! Color Size Texture Grain CHEMICAL MAKEUP