Role of climate on grape characteristics of “Moscato bianco”

in Piedmont (Italy)

RESEARCH GROUP

S. Orlandini, M. MoriondoDipartimento di Scienze Agronomiche e Gestione del Territorio Agroforestale,

Università degli Studi di Firenze

M. ManciniCentro Studi per l’Applicazione dell’Informatica in Agricoltura – Accademia dei

Georgofili, Firenze

F. Spanna, G. Cressano, S. DolzanSettore Fitosanitario della Regione Piemonte, Torino

A. Schubert, C. LovisoloDipartimento Colture Arboree dell’Università degli Studi di Torino

M. De Marziis3A s.r.l., Torino

Daniele Della Valle, Gabriella Sanlorenzo, Maurizio GilyVignaioli Piemontesi – Castagnito (CN)

Materials and methods

1. Acquisition of cartographic base at 1:25.000 scale of Moscato d’Asti area

2. Acquisition of all information layers, not already available, necessary for analysis and data processing (boundaries, rivers, main localities)

3. Land digital model to produce information layers concerning topographical and geographical characteristics of the territory Elevatio

n

Slope

Exposure

Historical climatic investigationHistorical climatic investigation

23 stations

Data from the net of Hydrographic National Service - Hydrographic Office of Po river

Daily recording of:

Total precipitations

Minimum, maximum, daily average temperature

Bioclimatic indexesBioclimatic indexes

24 stations from 1999 to 2001

Active temperatures summation (STA)Thermal excursions summation (SET)Huglin indexNumber of rainy daysEffective rain summationSpring frost riskBeginning of vegetation seasonLenght of vegetative period

Phenological and grape quality Phenological and grape quality parametersparameters

30 vineyards

differents for

exposure, elevation,

slope,

distance from the valley bottom

Phenological indexesPhenological indexes

Date of budbreak Phase 07 of BBCH

Phase C of Baggiolini

Date of bloom 50% full bloom

Date of veraison must with 10° Babo

Grape quality indexesGrape quality indexes

Potential alcohol Total acidity pH

Samplings made on August 22th, August 29th, September 5th of every

year (1999-2001)

Creation of thematic maps1. Finding maps on the scale of 1:25.000 of

Moscato d’Asti area2. Digitalization and acquisition of all the

informative layers (level curves, borders, rivers, towns)

3. Creation of the digital model of the ground, by which the informative layers concerning the topographic and geographic characteristics of the territory have been produced (elevation, slope, exposure)

Territorial analysisTerritorial analysis

GENERATION OF THE DIGITAL MODEL OF THE GROUND

• the digital model of the ground which comes from the elaboration can be georeferred according to the UTM system

• the elaborated image is returned in raster

form

Pixel of 75 x 75 m

Grid units of 5625 m2

450.776 pixels

cells of dimensions lower than 75*75 m would not increase the detail but the mistake of the information itself

THE SPATIALIZATION OF THE BIOCLIMATIC AND THE QUALITY/PHENOLOGY DATA

the values of the bioclimatic indexes and phenological/qualitative are only representative of a limited area.

the extent of the data to the whole surface can be made with a spatial interpolation proceeding

MULTIREGRESSIVE METHOD

the regressions have been selected on the basis of the correlation (R2) and significance coefficient

Bioclimatic Indexes the regressions have been used with geomorphological parameters like latitude, longitude, elevation, exposure, slope

Phenologic/Qualitative Indexes geomorphological parameters and bioclimatic indexes

MULTIREGRESSIVE METHOD

R2, F, and variables used for bioclimatic indexes

R2, F, and variables used for phenology parameters

R2, F, and variables used for quality parameters

Elevation map in

Moscato d’Asti production area

Exposure in Moscato d’Asti production area

Slope in Moscato d’Asti production area

Sum of the active temperatures

1997-2001

Huglin Index map

1997-2001

Sum of daily thermal excursions

1997-2001

Total annual precipitations 1992- 2000

Number of rainy days

1997-2001

Sum of effective rain

April - September 1997-2001

Beginning of vegetative season index

1997 - 2001

Spring frost risk map

1997 – 2001

Lenght of the vegetative season

1997 - 2001

Budbreak map

Ultima settimana marzoPrima settimana aprileSeconda settimana aprileTerza settimana aprile

Bloom date

Ultima settimana maggioPrima settimana giugno

Terza settimana giugno

Seconda settimana giugno

Veraison map

Ultima settimana di luglioPrima settimana di agostoSeconda settimana agosto

Terza settimana agosto

Total acidity at August 22th

Total acidity at August 29th

Total acidity at September 5th

Potential alcohol at August 22th

Potential alcohol at August 29th

Potential alcohol at September 5th

pH at August 22th

pH at August 29th

pH at September 5th

The cartography display (scale 1:25.000) of different parameters allows to zone the Moscato d’Asti production area in 3 sub-zones

exposure, elevation, climate, bioclimatic indexes, phenological phases, must parameters (alcohol, acidity, pH)

early zone

late zone

intermediate zone

with more or less earliness

Ripeness

LATE RIPENESSLATE RIPENESS

EARLY RIPENESSEARLY RIPENESS

ZONES WITHZONES WITH INTERMEDIATE RIPENESSINTERMEDIATE RIPENESS

Coazzolo, Castagnole, Mombaruzzo

Acqui, Neive, Strevi

S.Stefano Belbo, Serralunga

CONCLUSIONS

1. The thematic maps obtained could be used to plan agronomic and vine growing strategies.

Knowledge of expected phenological dates and of potential qualitative indexes can allow to plan vintage time.

CONCLUSIONS

2. The budbreak, bloom, veraison phases have taken place in a range of 10 to 20 days or more in different zones.

CONCLUSIONS

3. In the same zones where we have seen lower values of bioclimatic indexes, phenological phases were posticipated and potential alcohol decreased.

At the same time, acidity increased and pH decreased, showing a clear ripening delay.

Grapes located in the northern zone of the production area

with higher thermal summations, lower elevation, lower slope

ripen earlier than vines of the southern zone

with lower thermal summation, higher elevation, higher slope

CONCLUSIONS