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Role of GIS in

Power Distribution

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Agenda

• Present Power Scenario• Reforms in Distribution• Technology in Power Sector• Role of GIS & Utilities

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Complexity of electrical distribution system is a good reason for introducing new trends of information technology

Efficient management of Electric Utilities, is a mandatory element in smooth & efficient governance

Overview

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Distribution Companies (DISCOMs) realized, accurate up-to-date information of the network assets is the key for improving the service

It is also realized that a winning combination of GIS and Automated Mapping / Facility Management can improve O & M efficiency

GIS can effectively manage information of assets and attributes of each customer with positional information

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The total energy shortage today is roughly 8.2 per cent of the total demand and the peak shortage is roughly 12.2 per cent of peak demand is increasing year by year.

The major reasons for inadequate, erratic and unreliable power supply are:

• Lack of optimum utilization of the existing generation capacity

• Inadequate inter-regional transmission links• Inadequate and ageing sub-transmission & distribution

network• Large scale theft and skewed tariff structure• Slow pace of power reforms• Inefficient use of electricity by the end consumer

Present Power Scenario

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Technology in Power Sector

• SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) & DMS (Distribution Management System)

• GIS (Geographic Information System)

• AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) / ADLS (Automatic Data Logging System)

• EABS (Energy Auditing & Billing System)

• Integrating all the technologies with GIS improves visualization of all the required information on Network Map with respect to location for better management

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Distribution is the weakest link in the chain of power supply

Distribution has been identified as the key focus area in power sector reforms. T&D losses are in the range of 30-40%.

Some of the following areas shall be looked at to implement distribution reforms to reduce losses and improve energy efficiency.

100% consumer metering and AMR: Installation of meters at all transformation stages and in the premises of consumers, with the provision for accurate meter reading.

Reforms in Distribution

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Installation of capacitor banks & network reconfiguration: Installation of capacitors at all levels, reconfiguration of feeder lines & DTs in a way as to reduce the length of LT lines thereby reducing AT&C losses.

Feeder & DT metering: Installation of meters on all 11 kV out-going feeders and DTs.

Total energy accounting: Energy received in each 11 kV sub-station and 11 kV out-going feeders, energy billed and T&D losses at each feeder and DT shall be properly accounted.

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High Voltage Distribution System (HVDS):

• Installation of small energy efficient DTs to supply power to 10 to 15 households

• Re-conduct ring of overloaded sections• Mapping of the entire distribution system and load flow

studies to strengthen the distribution system

Effective MIS:

• Feeder and DT meters record active energy, power factor and load information which shall be downloaded to a system to build effective MIS for quick decision-making and improved distribution system

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Role of GIS

Enabling IT helps in achieving the above reforms

To implement the technologies we have accurate up-to-date information of the entire network.

Electrical Network & Consumer mapping shall be done by physical pole to pole survey

The electrical assets like Sub-stations, 11 KV feeders, DTs, Poles and LT feeders have uniquely codified and modeled with the help of GPS technologies & DGPS survey.

Technical attributes of the electrical network assets has been physically surveyed & linked with GIS map

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A detailed door-to-door consumer survey shall be carried out for the creation of consumer database

A unique Consumer Index Number (CIN) has been provided to all types of consumers based on electrical address

The consumers of different categories segregated feeder, DT and Pole wise

The consumer database shall been linked with the network database for the purpose of defining the consumer's electrical connectivity

This data shall be shared or exchanged with other systems (i.e. Network Analysis, Inventory, Trouble Call Management, Billing, Energy Auditing etc,) to know the actual scenario

Role of GIS contd.

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Role of Utilities

The ongoing reforms programme in the Indian power sector requires Information Technology (IT) to play a dominant role in institutionalizing the changes and improvements

Here IT serves a dual purpose

Provides the platform for execution of business processes

Creates the information base for timely, effective decision making at the operational and strategic levels

Power sector needs • GIS (Geographic Information System)• EABS (Energy Auditing & Billing System)• AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) / ADLS (Automatic Data Logging

System)• SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) • DMS (Distribution Management System)

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GIS Application Software

• The changes in the network can be timely monitored, analyzed and correctly updated on a periodic basis

• Through software application, queries can be generated to know the network asset details

• The GIS software which is used for utilities shall be light weighted for better performance & cost effectiveness

Network Analysis

• Evaluate 33 KV, 11 KV and LT feeder-wise technical losses • Identify the network section overloaded or having high technical losses• Identify the area of unbalanced loading of DT and LT Network and take

corrective action to minimize technical loss • Work out voltage regulation of the network and identify the areas having

high voltage drops and suffering with low voltage problem.• Using the GIS & Network Analysis software, virtually network shall be re-

configured to minimize technical losses, voltage drop, over loading.• Proper improvements shall be achieved to take decisions on the physical

network.

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Load Forecasting: GIS becomes an effective tool in optimal design and choice of substation location, demand-side management, future load assessment and load planning and load distribution

EABS (Energy Auditing & Billing System)The Computerized Billing System shall be implemented to effective and prompt customer billing system, which will provide tools to monitor control and process the revenue collection functions of the DISCOM

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SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)

SCADA system like an alert watch dog monitors utility network in real time and provides remote control of switching devices, transformers and equipments.

Integration with GIS facilitates Utility to coordinate the maintenance and fault rectification activities of the distribution system with in less turn around time.

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DMS (Distribution Management System)

Supports operational improvements by using online network, data received from SCADA

Used efficiently to manage 11kV and below network, by providing planned switching orders and load flow analysis

Though SCADA, DMS are used in business operations on real time basis

Using GIS and Asset Management, the organizations should think in the direction of using all theses systems as integrated one to manifold advantages.

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Summary / Conclusion

Since the sub-transmission and the distribution network of a power utility have a geographical referenced,

It is beneficial to create the network on GIS map and constantly update the same as per field parameters.

With periodic updating and monitoring, GIS mapping of the Electrical Network and Consumer database with utility software's helps in improved load management, loss reduction, better revenue realization.

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