Role of Print Media in Preserving Culture: With Special

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Science Society and Culture(IJIRSSC) Vol: 2, Issue:1, (June Issue), 2016 ISSN: (P) 2395-4345, (O) 2455-2909 © IJIRSSC

www.ijirssc.in Page 347

Role of Print Media in Preserving Culture: With

Special Reference to Local Publications of Birbhum

District

Debjani Roy

Assistant Professor

Adamas University, Barasat, West Bengal.

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT : Media has influence on audiences and media representations are the portrayals of

various cultural identities. Media acts as a major role in powerful social system in creating a person’s

sense of reality. Different cultural groups are identified in the media forms. Media is an important tool

in cultural aspect and groups because it is interaction between individuals and collectively shapes the

perceptions of other people directly or indirectly in the communication interactions. The objective is to

study the total number of issues on culture items as well as other news items published in weeklies

journals and magazines.To measure the space in percentage attributed to culture.To measure the

presentation of other news items selected for study.To study the approach of culture and other news

item from 1301-1403 and 2013-15. To make a comparison between different newspapers journals and

magazines vis-à-vis culture items published. It is noted in literature with reference in Birbhum’s

geographic history, in Birbhum’s cultural history,in Birbhum’s print history. Literature is collected

from books, journals,from different libraries. E- resources are also used for literature. Data has been

collected from secondary sources like books, magazines, newspapers, journals and souvenirs. It

involves visiting different libraries, approaching people to collect samples. Multi-stage sampling

technique has been used for the study. An excel code sheet has been prepared for detailed working of

each of these variables within their respective categories. The code book was prepared in the form of

MS Excel where data is analyzed and arranged into tabular form. Bar graph and pie-chart are mainly

used. Literature review based on Birbhum’s geographic history, cultural history and print history.

Keywords: Arya, Sadhana, Sequential,TFEU.

____________________________________________________________________________

I. Introduction: Our Indian culture is laid down in pre historic times which are descriptive. This

foundation of Indian conception is compared to science in the pre- Modern times. Culture is

the wisdom of human ends and information of various aspects of human life and activities.

Culture is a form of personal communication and is expressed through symbolic and

intellectual activity. Whatever may be the root of culture every aspect of culture started from

fundamental conceptual framework. Though culture evolutes from traditional conception but it

does not create any barrier between the secular and the religious. The secular and religious

inspiration claim to be the end in it. There is unity between the secular and the spiritual and the



ideal that extends universally. There is one perception from the traditional point of view that

culture is not the image of the natural man nor any historical product of natural activities. It is

refinement in its nature. We human can classify as ideal model which we need to follow and

also fulfill it. Man has the self-realization to achieve to seek his true identity. This self-

realization is called „sadhana‟. A cultured man is basically called „Arya‟ which means not only

the educational manners but also of morals. Buddhist believes the truth that only a spiritual

enlightened person can only be called „Arya‟. In Indian culture Aryadharma means not only the

traditional social code but also its spiritual code[1].

Relationship between Media and Culture:

Media has influence on audiences and media representations are the portrayals of various

cultural identities. Media acts as a major role in powerful social system in creating a person‟s

sense of reality. Different cultural groups are identified in the media forms. Media is an

important tool in cultural aspect and groups because it is interaction between individuals and

collectively shapes the perceptions of other people directly or indirectly in the communication

interactions. The printing press allowed the medium to enter culture. Critical cultural studies

are related to media. Media and culture is inter-related even today in the 21st century. Cultural

difference is a salient issue that influences inter/cultural communication. Media portrays the

different local, state and national cultural norms. There are high and low quality programmes

which are forms of culture. There is inter/cultural communication portrayed even in reality

media. There is a cultural prism through reality media and how people perceive through it.

There is also criticism as to media generating negative depictions of different cultural groups.

There is media which reflects the inter/ cultural understanding, intergroup harmony and

cultural similarity that will motivate viewers to engage in healthy, authentic, inter-cultural

relationships. Media also reflects inter cultural misunderstanding or inter group conflict or

cultural differences. One such example of reality media is reality television where viewers will

believe what it is portrayed. Now reality television falls under newest that is new form of mass

media. Reality television can be both positive and negative in relation to inter cultural

communication, which includes show casing the positive images of different cultural groups.

Cultural stereotypes exist across different media forms. Culture is an important issue and

media plays a significant role in everyday interactions. Media portrays culture across national

boundaries as media expands further [2].

Marxists believe that distribution of culture is determined by dominant capitalist class.

Therefore, the output of mass media is ultimately controlled in the interests of that class of

people in the society. Culture was used by Marx which was meant for intelligent people. It was

also coined by Matthew Arnold. Different terms were coined by different people. Culture

means not only material but spiritual perfection of oneself. Culture is a radical transformation.

[3].



Culture and media is inseparable because media is part of culture. Media represents the

various cultural heritages, activity, as it is the mediator between culture and people. Media

transmits the messages in its own and it cannot directly change the attitude of the people and

the culture. Culture promotion and preservation is an important challenge to media to outreach.

Media creates awareness of communication. The multiple cultures are represented in cultural

communication. Every region of the country depicts its own cultural identity and this is

portrayed through media through various means like linguistic, poetic, aesthetic and cultural

differences. [4].

How Media and Culture is observed in Globalized World :

The globalization of media plays an active role in shaping national culture. But the entire

form depends on the national culture. The national and regional media groups in India play an

important role in the preservation of Indian cultural identity.

Cultural autonomy is undermined by imbalance in the flow of mass media content.

Globalized media is viewed as a process of cause and effect and media conveys opinions and

ideas, from senders to receivers. The audience is the key component that shapes the media

content. Media do not play the role of destruction to national culture but helpful to build

nations cultural development and dissemination. Media content depends on each and one‟s

own cultural background.

During 1990s Indian media emerged as a cultural perspective with the advent of

Bollywood which was the Indian version of Hollywood and India joined in the globalism

where Indian media products became an instrument of Indian cultural/ media imperialism

within south Asia.

India is diversified with different mother tongues enriched within the states. Hindi widely

spoken and official language of India. The different media personnel for example satellite

channels like star TV adopted Hindi language programming. The managing director of BBC

world service has plans to launch Hindi programs. This is the first time BBC has shown

interest in local language broadcasting outside UK. In protecting the national culture of India,

it has strong local and regional media‟s role.

How the globalization that is internationalism of media has the potential to undermine

national culture depends how strong the national culture is. National culture is affected by

increased marketed foreign media imports. Imported media is never a cause to dominate local

or national culture of India. It can be dominated if a country has weak national identity or the

political or economic suppression of local media and local culture. [5]

Ingredients of Media Culture:

Culture has a common ingredient through which we develop ourselves into this culture

which are symbols, myths and resources. Media culture gives people the freedom over their



cultural environment. Media culture comprises of ideologies of class, gender, race, ethnicity

and nationality. Media culture interprets various audiences through different forms of media

through various media texts. Media culture provides the source of materials for constructing

views behavior and even identities. The different fashion, values and behavior are followed by

the media culture. Culture must be within the social relations. Some of the means of media like

TV, film, music and other popular cultural forms are either liberal or conservative. Many

people are exempted to raise voices and diverse views, experiences and cultural forms are

excluded from mainstream culture. Cultural studies and media are interlinked which promotes

multiculturalists views. There is controversy that media culture merely reflects the ideology of

the ruling economic elite. It supports capitalist‟s values. Media culture provides individuals

with materials to create identities and meanings. [6].

Societies are cultural reflection of the country as expressed by Thomas Elliott in the

definition of culture. Culture reflects history attitudes and values. It affects individual‟s life,

actions and behavior. It develops public opinion through indirect acts as a channel for

transmitting culture. Educational institutions are also the form of transmitting culture to

individuals. The contents derived from educational institutions indirectly affect the behavior of

an individual‟s habits, traditions and lifestyles. Media culture is affected by political systems

and faiths. There is diversity and pluralism in media culture. [7]

Digitalized Media as form of Media Culture :

Mobile phones are growing trend in today‟s culture especially media culture. Media

culture depicts how the communication process happens between different media, their genres

and media practices of users. There is relation between culture and social aspects of life.

Mobile media and internet are doing varied job in traditional political and cultural economies.

There are different variants of culture like mobile culture, television culture, national culture,

transnational culture and online culture. Mobile may be the fourth screen but cinema is the

incarnation of new platform of disseminating culture. Mobile movies deliver special kinds of

social relations that are derived from cinema. Mobile and internet is creating a new platform of

networked cultures which forms new social relations of participatory media. Mobiles have

integrated people in social software system with advanced technology and depicting how

culture is assembled through reconfiguration of screens. Mobile technology has become an

intimate, domestic technology in media culture[8].

Media has social impact upon us. The more efficient the media the more effective in

stabilizing and destabilizing social, cultural, religious and moral aspects. The mass media

presentation of folk art is an important role of media in shaping culture of the society. Culture

is affected as a result of globalised media[9].

Culture has been the part of media policy and media is specifically related to culture in

article 167, section 2 of the treaty on the functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The

language in various media policies reflects the dual nature of media as both cultural and



economic. It is generally the preamble of the UNESCO declaration on cultural diversity 2001

regards culture as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of

society or a social group that encompasses in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of

living together value systems, traditions and beliefs (UNESCO 2001, p.12). Media policy is

about politics, commerce and technology but it is also about culture. There are many film

industry practitioners, producers who are independent and public service broadcasters favor

cultural prospective from where media producers benefit. Media and culture has been the

commodity for exploitation [10].

The sociology of social forms defines and shape culture as content. This perspective

clarifies how mass media have developed as a social form through which culture emerges. The

electronic media have become the dominant form of western culture. Communication and

culture are reflexive because it is related to social life and social institutions[11].

Paradigm shift from Analog to Digital:

The analog to digital shift of technology alters the production, storage features as well as

reproduction and dissemination of culture. We are living in the digital forms of culture. This

digital culture shapes practical ways of human freedom. From film and radio to telephone and

television cultural forms are present to most levels of society. The importance of print

newspapers has opened up the cultural space for democracy giving individuals to think and act

accordingly. The analog techno-cultures changed the environment of people. As Mc Luhan

said, the medium is the message. In case of analog technologies of culture, the medium creates

that is fixed cultural objects- texts, images and sounds that cannot be altered by the consumer

of culture. There is lack of integration between culture and new media.

The development of media culture is concerned of dialogic involvement but also opens

up issues connected with identity. New cultural forums open up and there is intercultural

engagement[12].

Young people are more „active‟ in techno- media culture than merely consumers. Media

provides curriculum for study in the new media culture. Media culture is in fact a remix culture

where the content is downloaded and remixed in existing content. Media culture is worked and

reworked as part of consumption process. Media culture is a key element of any child or

learner or beginner‟s curriculum. Media has been the domain of learning in schools, research,

and higher education and put freedoms for individuals to work on social networks. Media is the

learning space of culture through which we can transmit[13].

Media and cultural has a close relation to sociology and sociological methods. In Mc

Luhan‟s sociological cultural studies shows that media and cultural studies is sociological.

Media and cultural research is dominated by sociology and requires a sociological approach to

overcome methods and weakness[14].



Figure

Cluster of deeper cultural assumptions

INTER-RELATED PARADIGM OF BASIC

ASSUMPTIONS

LEVELS OF CULTURE :

There are different levels of deeper levels of culture that we are not aware and

unconscious which drive the behavior of the members in different occupation from day to day.

The above figure shows deeper cultural assumptions that form a kind of cluster but there exists

assumptions[15].

Media dominates today the cultural production and nothing is untouched by media. It is

media that presents matter in interesting way. Media dominates cultural value in such a way

that the moral values have been destroyed or seriously harmed. The impact of the media on

cultural and moral values can only be appreciated if the study of the media is freed from

cultural studies. The study of culture extends from Aristotle and Plato to Kant, Hegel, Marx

and others. Cultural studies have a specific view of the media in the sense that cultural studies

can explore and unravel the political dimensions of the media and their texts. Media is the

reflection of moral concerns and moral issues which are expressed through a medium in

modern social and cultural situations. Media creates moral panic and raises social

consciousness among people of different issues [16]. Media shapes different cultural aspects

and culture shapes media through usage of media. [17]

BELIEF ‘C’

BELIEF ‘D’

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

BELIEF ‘A’ ARTEFACTS

BELIEF ‘A’ EXPOUSED VALUES



Media messages are rich cultural texts that provide insight into the values and meanings

of feeling not as causes of culture[18].

Hall points out that “culture is communication and communication is culture.” We learn

culture from communication while communication is the reflection of our culture. Culture

depends on the way of thinking and our behavior. It is the relation between people, our

thinking, our behavior and our views.

Mass media presents cultural life its images stories that contribute to a sense of identity.

Mass media shapes beliefs and values at the same time. Cultural messages are obtained from

various sources. For e.g. Media. Mass media acts extensively on gender roles[19].

II. Objectives of the Study: From the literature survey, it is observed that no work has come out so far exclusively on the

various aspects of culture in print media in Birbhum. The recent newspapers, magazines have

located the different culture in their publications but to limited extent. This led to study the

history of print media which stand from a point. The aims and objectives of the study are

mentioned below:

1. To study the total number of culture as well as other news items published in

weeklies journals and magazines.

2. To measure the space in percentage attributed to culture.

3. To measure the presentation of other news items selected for study.

4. To study the approach of culture and other news item from 1301-1403 and 2013-15

5. To make a comparison between different newspapers journals and magazines vis-à-

vis culture items published.

6. To find out the relevance of culture items appeared in the weeklies, journals and

magazines in day-to-day life.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The important limitation of the study is inadequate time and other resources available at the

disposal of the research. As the study was based on different news items which were under study, the

study has been confined to the state of West Bengal, a district of West Bengal with the limited number

of local newspapers, journals and magazines that are available and few old newspapers and journals as

well.

III. Methodology:

SCOPE OF THE STUDY – THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS AND ITS LIMITATIONS

The scope of the study in literature is limited to the availability of books of Birbhum

which are already been rare and extinct. It is very difficult to collect information with limited



books that is available in the Library. But all libraries do not preserve the books only Sahitya

Parishad of Kolkata and few other books in Birbhum‟s District Library. Therefore the study is

limited. Different writers book are not available only a few selected writers have written the

geographical history and cultural history of Birbhum. And only limited history of print media

available of Birbhum District in the local publications. The assumptions which are taken are

that the local publications that are written in the book are not found rather different

newspapers, magazines and journals are found after data collection. It is assumed that it was

once published like the extinct newspapers of the past but diminished its publication due to

various reasons. The recent are collected from Suri‟s Sanskriti Parishad which is the district

headquarter of Birbhum. The general literature is taken overall from the same writer name

Gaurihar Mitra who narrated the history of Birbhum in his book in his own outlook. There are

several repetations of same newspapers, journals, magazines in the available books. The series

written by the writers are not available in the library or book store. So the collection is limited. And

the scope of study is also limited.

SAMPLING

A content analysis of the local publications of Birbhum District was employed so that a

systematic, objective and qualitative study could be done, especially in the area of culture. At

the same time, content analysis could shed light onto how the newspapers give options for

reporting related to culture. A qualitative analysis has been done to know the nature of the

newspapers, journals, magazines. Because readers read and analyze from different point of

view. How culture is depicted, to fulfill this objective, quantitative analysis has been carried.

As the objective of this study is to look at and compare the past and present publications that

depict the cultural aspect of Birbhum District, the population hence comprised of those print

media having still published from Birbhum District and which have been abolished. Bengali

newspapers journals and magazines were selected because Bengali is considered as major

language in the state. Other language like English was not selected for study, because it was

not possible to acquire an accurately translated version of the newspapers or journals or

magazines. And other language newspaper was not suitable for comparison with local language

print media. We are using sequential sampling technique because the ultimate sample is not

fixed in advance. It is determined on the basis of information yielded as survey of newspapers

and various journals of the district continue. The samples cannot be decided in advance and the

number increases on the basis of availability is known as sequential sampling. Thus we can go

for taking samples one after another as long as the satisfaction of the survey is not complete.

Content analysis is the most formal and efficient method for drawing conclusions from the

observations of content. It is a systematic approach for collecting data in both quantitative and

qualitative analysis of content. It brings to conclusion about the content of the message. The

objective of content analysis is to convert raw materials into meaningful data followed by

inferences and important conclusions. It is an analysis of studying and analyzing



communication in a systematic, objective and quantitative manner for the purpose of

measuring variables.

Collection of Data:

Data has been collected from secondary sources like books, magazines, newspapers, journals

and souvenirs. It involves visiting different libraries, approaching people to collect samples.

Sampling Design:

The design of the study is sequential sampling the ultimate size of the sample is not fixed in

advance. Here the samples are not decided in advance and it is counted as per its availability it

is not fixed. It depends on the researcher as long as one desires to take samples for further

research.

Defining the Universe:

The present study comprised of qualitative analysis of cultural coverage in the selected

newspapers, journals and magazines. Analysis of journals and magazines are selected from

Birbhum District for study. This study considers widely circulated journals, newspapers and

magazines` of Birbhum District like Choupahari, Jehad, Didibhai, Illambazar Barta, Bolpur

Barta, Birbhumer Kotha, Nayaprojonmo, Ipsha, Birbhum Arshi, Prathamik Shikhak Samaj,

Birbhum Darpan, Nalhati Today, Patal Kanya, Birbhum Times, Insight, Subhodoy, Sambad

Simante, Joydeb Barta, Muktokripan, Annanayudh, Kalomegh, Birbhumer Adhikar, Krishi

Kalyan, Annadhara, Gramin Sabuj Rashmi, 1400 Sahitya, Roddur, Mahuya, Visva Bharati

Patrika, Birbhumi, Pallyshree, Dhushormati, Ajoy, Mayurakhi, Santiniketan Patra, Dharoni,

Pallymangal, Budhbar, Brati Balak, Bhabmukhe, Sarani, Bhumilaksmi, visva bharati quarterly,

Rarkatha, Abokash, Durbadanga, Kalponik.

We have taken Santiniketan Patra upon the availability of Chaitra 1332, Dharoni 1302,

Pallymangal 1930-31, Budhbar 1329-30, Bratibalak 1336-37, Bhabmukhe 1375-,

1377,1378,1379,1385, Sarani 1328, Bhumilaksmi, Pallyshree 1329, Dhushormati 1371, Ajoy

1378, Mayurakhi 1361,1380, Birbhumi 1317-21, Visvabharati Patrika 1349- 1403, Mahuya

only one issue, Roddur one issue, 1400 Sahitya 2013, Gramin Sabuj Rashmi 24 jan-23 July

2015, Annadhara 16 Dec 2014- 14 July 2015, Krishi Kalyan 1 July 2014, Birbhumer Adhikar 1

Jan 2015 – 13 July 2015, Kalomegh 7 Nov 2014- 5 May 2015, , Annayudh 30 Jan 2015- 31

July, Muktokripan 12 Jan 2015 – 10 July 15, Joydeb Barta 15 Jan – 15 Jun, Sambad Simante

7Jan 2015- 15 July, Subhodoy 12 Jan 2015- 13 July, Insight 6 Jan 2015- 7 july, Birbhum

Times 13 July 2014- 18 Jan, Patal Kanya 10 Dec 2014- 10 Nov, Nalhati Today 1 Sept 2014- 1

Aug, Birbhum Darpan 17 Mar 2015- 29 Sept, Prathamik Shikhak Samaj Oct 2014- July 2015,

Birbhum Arshi 12 Jan 2015 – 31 July, Ipsha one issue, Nayaprajonmo 26 Nov 2014- 27 May

2015, Birbhumer Kotha 23 Dec 2014- 30 Jun 2015, Bolpur Barta 9 Oct 2014- 27 April 2015,

Illambajar Barta 1 Jan 2015 – 2 July 2016, Didibhai 22 Dec 2014- 29 Jun 2015, Jehad 5 Jan



2015 – 29 Jun, Choupahari 26 Sept 2014- 27 Feb 2015, Visva Bharati Quarterly 1923-2000,

Abokash 2015, Durbadanga 2015, Kalponik 2015, Rarkatha 2015.

IV. Results and Discussion:

Data Analysis and Interpretation

The purpose of this chapter is to make inferences on the basis of the objectives raised to

carry out the present study that is role of print media in preserving culture: A critical analysis

of leading newspapers journals and magazines of Birbhum District.

To Study the Nature and Extent of Print Media of Birbhum District

The objective was fulfilled by carrying out data analysis and interpretation of various

variables like culture, religious, sports, agriculture, education, political, government etc. It was

clear from the findings that culture is depicted in the old as well as recent journals and

magazines because Birbhum is the land of different culture. The time period is taken from

1301-1403 and again 2013-2015.

Procedure of Measurement

The units and variables are in coded form were counted and measured in terms of

number. All the units were counted for each publications and a grand total was obtained by

adding all the items selected for study of each newspaper, journal and magazines of the

selected period. Percentage was drawn with the following formulae.

Percentage of each item= total number of individual items *100

Total number of all items

Table 1 Suri

ITEMS CULTURE RELIGIOUS TOTAL %

nayaprajonmo 106 60 166 23.95

jehad 19 11 30 4.32

prathamik shikhak

samaj

0 0 0 0

birbhum darpan 22 11 33 4.76

kalomegh 13 6 19 2.74

insight 33 12 45 6.49

annayudh 383 0 383 55.26

patal kanya 10 7 17 2.45



18% 3%

0%

4%

2%6%

65%

2%

culture

nayaprajonmo

jehad

prathamik shikhak samaj

birbhum darpan

kalomegh

insight

annayudh

patal kanya

Fig 1 Annayudh with maximum 55.26%, nayaprajonmo with 23.95%

Table 2


kalponik 0 0 0 0

roddur 2 0 2 11.11

rarkatha 9 0 9 50

abokash 7 0 7 38.88

0%

11%

50%

39%

culture

kalponik

roddur

rarkatha

abokash

Fig 2



Table 3 Bolpur


krishi kalyan 1 0 1 0.28

muktokripan 18 7 25 7.14

bolpur barta 44 34 78 22.28

birbhumer kotha 51 29 80 22.85

nayaprajonmo 106 60 166 47.42

1400 sahitya 0 0 0 0

1%

8%

20%

23%

48%

0%

culture

krishi kalyan

muktokripan

bolpur barta

birbhumer kotha

nayaprajonmo

1400 sahitya

Fig 3 Percentage representation in nayaprajonmo with 48% and bolpur barta 22.28% and

birbhumer kotha with 22.85%.

Table 4


birbhum times 63 30 93 65.03

joydeb barta 38 12 50 34.96



62%

38%

0%

0% culture

birbhum times

joydeb barta

Fig 4 Representation in percentage with 62% in birbhum times and 38% in joydeb barta

Table 5 :

ITEMS CULTURE RELIGIOUS TOTAL % durbadanga 0 0 0 0 annadhara 86 17 103 14.56 didibhai 81 25 106 14.99 birbhum arshi 35 33 68 9.61 nalhati today 15 9 24 3.39 ipsha 0 0 0 0 sambad simante 27 30 57 8.06 mahuya 5 0 5 0.7 gramin sabuj rashmi

40 9 49 6.93



0%

30%

28%

12%

5%

0% 9%

2% 14%

culture

durbadanga

annadhara

didibhai

birbhum arshi

nalhati today

ipsha

sambad simante

mahuya

gramin sabuj rashmi

Fig 5 Percentage represented in visva bharati quarterly with 41.72% didibhai with 14% and

annadhara with 14.56%

Table 6

ITEMS CULTURE RELIGIOUS TOTAL % choupahari 39 10 49 42.6 illambazar barta 45 19 64 55.65 illambazar barta 2 0 2 1.73

46%

52%

2%

culture

choupahari

illambazar barta

illambazar barta

Fig 6 Highest percentage of culture covered in illambazar barta with 55.65% and

Choupahari with 42.6%



Table 7


birbhumer adhikar 10 9 19 100

subhodoy 0 0 0 0

100%

0%

culture

birbhumer adhikar

subhodoy

Fig 7 Birbhumer adhikar has 100% culture coverage

Table 8


vb patrika 142 0 142 90.44

santiniketan patra 2 4 6 3.82

budhbar 0 0 0 0

brati balak 3 0 3 1.91

sarani 2 3 5 3.18

pallyshree 0 0 0 0

ajoy 0 1 1 0.63



95%

2%0%2%1%0%0%

culture

vb patrika

santiniketan patra

budhbar

brati balak

sarani

pallyshree

ajoy

Fig 8 Highest percentage coverage highest in visva bharati patrika with 90.44%

Table 9

items culture religious total % birbhumi 92 60 152 81.28 dharoni 12 8 20 10.69 pallymangal 0 0 0 0 bhabmukhe 10 2 12 6.41 bhumilaksmi 0 0 0 0 dhushormati 1 0 1 0.53 mayurakhi 0 2 2 1.06

80%

10%

0%

9%

0%

1%

0%

culture

birbhumi

dharoni

pallymangal

bhabmukhe

bhumilaksmi

dhushormati

Fig 9 Highest percentage representation of culture is followed in birbhumi with 81.28%

second dharoni with 10.69% and Bhabmukhe with only 6.41%.



V. Conclusion:

The recent newspapers that are published from Birbhum district like Choupahari

publishes 24.63% of local news, 18% of culture, 13.04% of political news, 12.07% of

government news, 10.62% of other news. Jehad Didibhai Illambazar Barta have maximum

number of local news. Bolpur Barta, Birbhumer Kotha, Nayaprajonmo publish political

government and other news. Birbhum Arshi, Birbhum Darpan, Nalhati Today, Patalkanya,

Birbhum Times, Insight, Subhodoy, Sambad Simante, Joydeb Barta all publish other

miscellaneous news alongwith political and government news. Whereas Muktokripan

publishes poems and other news. Hotri and Annayudh publishes culture and religious news.

Mehenti Janagan, Kalomegh, Birbhumer Adhikar, Shatabdir Sambad publishes other news.

Annadhara, Dhulamandir, publishes to some extent culture. Gramin Sabuj Rashmi publishes on

the other hand other news while 1400 Sahitya publishes poem with stories and poem and other

general news. But we can see the paradigm shift in the pattern like Roddur, Illambazar Barta,

Mahuya, Visva Bharati Patrika, Birbhumi, Visva Bharati Quaterly, Rarkatha, Abokash,

Durbadanga, Kalponik, Satsango, Dharoni have maximum contribution of stories poem articles

of different issuesand culture.

So, we can see the difference in the contribution of different news items from present to

past. Where Budhbar, Brati Balak, Bhabmukhe, Sarani, Pallyshree, Dhushormati, Ajoy,

Mayurakhi, Kalponik publishes various stories articles and poems. The paradigm shift from

1301-1378 to 1923-2015 there have been a huge difference in contribution of news. We can

conclude that culture is preserved mostly in Satsango, Dharoni, Sambad Simante, Insight,

Birbhum Barta, Visva Bharati Patrika, Birbhumi, Visva Bharati Quaterly, Annayudh

Annadhara, Dhulamandir, Gramin Sabuj Rashmi, Hotri, Birbhum Times, Joydeb Barta,

Nayaprajonmo, Birbhumer Kotha, Illambazar Barta, Didibhai, Bhabmukhe.

References :

[1] pande, G. (n.d.). FOUNDATIONS OF INDIAN CULTURE VOL1. NEW DELHI: NARENDRA

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