Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Role of Rhizoctonia solani AG 3-PT inoculum source on disease
development on potatoes in South Africa
J A C Q U I E VA N D E R WA A L S 1, N O R M A N M U Z H I N J I 1, M A R I E T T E T R U T E R 2, J A M ES W O O D H A L L 3
1D E PA R T M E N T O F P L A N T A N D S O I L S C I E N C E S , U N I V E R S I T Y O F P R E TO R I A ; 2A R C - V O P ; 3U N I V E R S I T Y O F I D A H O
@ J A C Q U I E V D W
Rhizoctonia solani
(A. Pitman, New Zealand)
Muzhinji et al. 2017 Plant Disease
White stem collar can develop early in season if sexual stage is present
Pathogen overwinters as sclerotia and mycelia
Infected seed and volunteer potatoes
Roots & stolonsattacked any time during season
Late season damage may result in aerial tuber formation
Sclerotia form on tubers when still attached to mother tuber; continue to develop in storage
R. solaniDisease Cycle
Mycelia and sclerotiaon infected tubers infect developing sprout, root and stolon
BACKGROUND
• Inoculum: seed tuber- and/or soil-borne sclerotia or mycelium• Basidiospores during crop closure >> sexual reproduction >> polycyclic
nature of disease
• Role of soil- vs seed tuber-borne inoculum in disease development: Contentious issue
• Mark-release-recapture experiments can provide answers• Allow tracking of inoculum sources during disease development >>
determine origin of inoculum
Objectives1. To investigate the contribution of R. solani AG 3-PT seed tuber-
and soil-borne inoculum to disease development
2. To investigate the evolution of an experimental population of R. solani AG 3-PT under field conditions
VS
MOTIVATIONThe role of each source of inoculum is a contentious issue
Understanding the contribution of each source of inoculum is an important step in implementing effective disease management strategies for R. solani
Materials and MethodsoUniversity of Pretoria experimental plots
oRCBD
oTreatments: (4 treatments x 4 reps = 16 plots)
Contaminated seed, clean soil
Clean seed, clean soil
Contaminated seed, infested soil
Clean seed,infested soil
VS
Two distinct MLG groups of R. solani AG 3-PT isolates(five isolates per group)
PCR-RFLP profiling(Ceresini et al. 2002)
Disease assessments:21 & 60 days after planting;At harvestIsolations from diseased material
Materials and Methods
Contaminated seed, infested soil
From previous trial –not reinoculated
Disease assessments:60 days after planting;At harvestIsolations from diseased materialPCR-RFLP Microsatellite analysis (Ferrucho et al. 2009)
Root infection Stolon canker
Inoculum source
2013 2014 2013 2014
Control 0.0 c* 0.0 c 0.0 d 0.0 d
Soil 14.5 b 10.5 b 8.5 b 15.0 a
Soil and tuber
17.5 a 12.5 a 10.2 a 12.0 b
Tuber 13.0 b 6.0 c 5.0 c 8.0 c
Results: Disease indexVS
*Duncan’s Multiple Range test P = 0.05
Stem canker Black scurf
Inoculum source 2013 2014 2013 2014
Control 0.0 d* 0.0 0.0 c 0.0 d
Soil 22.5 c 14.5 c 13.4 b 5.8 c
Soil and tuber
37.0 a 22.5 a17.6 a 11.3 a
Tuber 29.0 b 17.4 b 12.6 b 7.8 b
VSResults: Disease index
*Duncan’s Multiple Range test P = 0.05
Seed (60%)
Soil (36%)
Non Released(4%)
Isolated from plants in plots inoculated with both seed and soil-borne inoculum
Suggests recombination in field
Genotypes of isolates from symptomatic tissue (n = 151)
Results
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Root infection Stolon Canker Stem Canker Black Scurf
No.
of
isol
ates
/sym
pto
m
R. solani symptom
SoilTuber
PCR-RFLP genotyping to correlate isolates obtained from symptoms to inoculum source
Conclusions
Black scurf: Seed-borne inoculum more important
Root & stolon infection: Soil- and seed-borne inoculum equally important
Stem canker: Seed-borne inoculum more important
VS
Recombination may occur in field under conducive environmental conditions >> gradual increase in genetic diversity
Production of basidiospores >> initial inoculum
May gradually result in changes in genetic structure of field populations from year to year
Ensure the use of pathogen-free seed tubers to eliminate seed-borne inoculum and the introduction of new
genotypes of R. solaniApply to control measures to limit development of sexual
phase in field
Conclusions
AcknowledgementsFunding bodies:
o Potatoes South Africa
o National Research Foundation
o British Society for Plant Pathology (Travel Award)