Role of the Master in Human Evolution (French)

8/6/2019 Role of the Master in Human Evolution (French)

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H% YBHBAG_BLBFCBY@

LK YLK M[ NB]YKMBEV LTGL[]@GEC[NB@EK

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_YKDBFK

H!btb`v b{vv` mknbem A`vlk mk eg}ky fk r{!`l vkyb`} efkvvb`ykmk db`yk dà{yky mbev lb pydbfk, mbev l!`mk r{k fk vkyb`} tkem{ b{ p{il`fmkv lìyb`y`kv% Tg`f` fk r{!kllk b eg} 8

Lk lkf}k{y mg`} bffkp}ky mk mktg`y }g{} ykfgev`myky 8 egv py`gy`v, eg}yk fgem`}`geeknke} vgf`bl f{l}{ykl%%%

Bffkp}ky l!`mk m!}yk mv}bi`l`v, mvgy`ke}, fcgr{ pbydg`v% Bffkp}ky lk db`} r{!{ek vk{lk lkf}{yk e!bppgy}kyb r{!{e vk{l

flb`ybak, dgyfnke} ym{f}k{y, mgef mk l`yk k} ykl`yk pg{y pkyfktg`yr{klr{k fcgvk mk eg{tkb{ fcbr{k dg`v, ikllk lkge m!c{n`l`} "

Bffkp}ky pk{}.}yk k} v{y}g{} mk }kv}ky fk r{` kv} m`}, f!kv} m`yk,k} f!kv} pl{}} m`dd`f`lk, tg`yk èayb} pg{y lk eg{tkb{ lkf}k{y 8 L[@ db`ykfged`befk k} L[@ gi`y%

Mbev lk ngemk ke}`ky lkv bvp`ybe}v lb vp`y`}{bl`} fgeeb`vvke}l!{tyk mk Vcy` Ybn Fcbemyb mk Vcbchbcbep{y, _yv`mke} dgemb}k{y mklb Vcy` Ybn Fcbemyb N`vv`ge r{` b vge vàk ke @emk, Vcbchbcbep{y,mbev l!}b} mk l![}}by _ybmkvc #[_)% Lb N`vv`ge nyk b pl{v mk fke}fèr{be}k fke}ykv }ybtkyv

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Vcy` Ybn Fcbemyb N`vv`ge 9??6%]g{v myg`}v mk ykpygm{f}`ge, mk }ybm{f}`ge k} mbmbp}b}`ge yvkytvpg{y }g{v lkv pbv%

Lkv }kynkv Vcy` Ybn Fcbemyb N`vv`ge k} Vbcbh Nbya, b`ev` r{klknilnk mk lb N`vv`ge vge} mkv nbyr{kv mpgvkv pby lb Vcy` YbnFcbemyb N`vv`ge%

@VIE 9.0?4920.93.9


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_ykn`yk pby}`k

Lk ylk m{ Nb}yk mbev ltgl{}`ge c{nb`ek

M`vfg{yv mk Tgyb{d

93 h{`e b{ 6 h{`llk} 2034

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Nbyvk`llk

3 b{ 26 h{`llk} 2034

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Tgyb{d, lk 93 h{è 2034

Hb`nkyb`v fgnnkefky fk}}k vkvv`ge ke pbylbe} mk r{klr{{e r{`kv} }yv pyv mk eg}yk f{y }g{v, {ek pkyvgeek r{k eg{v btgevikb{fg{p b`nk, r{k eg{v b`ngev kefgyk ikb{fg{p, eg}yk Nb}yk%Egniyk mke}yk tg{v ge} k{ lb fcbefk m}yk btkf l{` m{ybe} mkvbeekv k} `lv ek }yg{tkyge} y`ke mk }yv eg{tkb{ mbev nkv pygpgv%]g{}kdg`v, pbylky k} ykpbylky mk lb nnk fcgvk pyvke}k mk{s btbe.}bakv% Lk pykn`ky kv} r{k fk r{` tb{} lb pkèk m}yk m`} pk{} }yk m`}

k} yp} vbev btg`y ikvgè m}yk ykeg{tkl fcbr{k dg`v% Lkmk{s`nk btbe}bak kv} r{k lk db`} mk lk yp}ky fge}è{kllknke}ykedgyfk ke eg{v lk vke}`nke} mk fk r{k eg{v mkty`gev btg`y%

Nge kspy`kefk nb nge}y r{k ikb{fg{p mk pkyvgeekv r{`lge mknbemk mk pbylky ke mk }kllkv gffbv`gev ge} pk{y mk lfckf%Kllkv fcg{ke} kddkf}`tknke} pbyfk r{kllkv fckyfcke} r{klr{kfcgvk mk eg{tkb{ m`yk fcbr{k dg`v% Lkv t`k`llkv `mkv, tg{v

vbtkx, lgyvr{k eg{v pbylgev mk vbakvvk, eg{v tgr{gev lb vbakvvkbe}`r{k, lk tè t`k{s " Fklb ekv} pbv ngèv tyb` mkv ty`}v mk fkngemk k} mk lb vbakvvk 8 pl{v kllkv pykeeke} mk lak k} mk lb nb}{.y`}, pl{v kllkv mkt`keeke} vbakv% Bèv` eg{v btgev {e v{hk} r{` kv}}kyekl 8 lb vp`y`}{bl`}%

Fgnnk hk lk m`vb`v, eg{v btgev mgef {e v{hk} r{` kv} }kyekllk.nke} tblbilk, }kyekllknke} efkvvb`yk 8 `l vba`} mk lb ty`} vp`y`.

}{kllk, lb vp`y`}{bl`} kllk.nnk% _g{y fklb eg{v mpkemgev mk fkl{`r{` eg{v lb mgeek 8 lk Nb}yk% Bèv`, v`l ks`v}k {ek fcgvk pl{v `npgy.


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}be}k r{k lb ty`}, r{k lb vp`y`}{bl`} kllk.nnk, fkv} lk Nb}yk r{`lb mgeek% Mbev lb t`k ngmkyek, eg{v btgev lcbi`}{mk mkv vkld.

vkyt`fkv, mkv nbfcèkv b{}gnb}`r{kv k} b{}ykv nb`v hk ek pkevk pbvr{k t`keek {e hg{y lk }knpv g eg{v pg{yygev gi}ke`y lb vp`y`}{bl`}mk fk}}k dbge% Mg l`npgy}befk m{ Nb}yk, mk eg}yk t`k vp`y`}{kllkk} fkf`, }g{}kv lkv }ybm`}`gev be}`r{kv lge} vg{làe kefgyk k} kefgyk%Lb pykn`yk ty`} b }g{hg{yv } 8 Fckyfckx fkl{` r{` pk{} tg{v lbmgeeky% Nge Nb}yk, eg}yk Nb}yk, b vg{tke} yp} fk}}k ty`} 8 Fckyfckx.Lk, L{` k} lgyvr{k tg{v Lb{ykx }yg{t, tg}yk }ybtb`l vkyb}kynè% Lk Nb}yk eg{v mgeek mk pl{v`k{yv dbgev% @l eg{v mgeekke eg{v kevkàebe}, `l eg{v mgeek ke }be} {e ksknplk t`tbe} mk fkr{k eg{v mkty`gev }yk k} `l eg{v mgeek ke vk mgeebe} l{`.nnk%Bèv` eg{v bppykegev m{ Nb}yk }yg`v e`tkb{s% _by fk r{`l eg{vkevkàek, fk r{`l eg{v kevkàek }ybtkyv vkv fy`}v k} vkv pbyglkv :pby fk r{`l eg{v nge}yk ke nkebe} lb t`k r{k eg{v mkty`gev nkekyeg{v.nnkv k} pby fk r{`l eg{v mgeek tkebe} mk lè}y`k{y mk l{`.nnk, r{`l tkyvk mbev eg}yk vg` è}y`k{y k} r{k, i`ke vg{tke}, eg{vek pg{tgev pbv tg`y%

B pyvke}, fcbf{e vb`} r{k }g{}k fcgvk pykem mk l`npgy}befk b{d{y k} nkv{yk r{kllk fcbeak mk e`tkb{ #r{kllk vltk b{ e`tkb{mk lks`v}kefk)% B{ e`tkb{ èdy`k{y, kllk kv} mk ngèmyk `npgy}befk : {e e`tkb{ v{py`k{y, kllk mkt`ke} pl{v `npgy}be}k k} b{ e`tkb{ lkpl{v lkt, kllk kv} ks}ynknke} `npgy}be}k% Bèv`, i`ke r{k fk r{keg{v bppyke`gev mk l{` pby vkv pbyglkv, pby vkv fy`}v k} pby vgekevkàeknke} vg`} }yv `npgy}be}, fkv} lk ngèv `npgy}be} mk fkr{`l eg{v mgeek% Fk r{`l eg{v kevkàek pby vb dbge mk t`tyk, pby

lksknplk mk vb t`k, kv} pl{v `npgy}be} r{k fk r{` pyfmk% Lk mgelk pl{v lkt, i`ke vy, kv} fk r{`l eg{v mgeek pby vb }ybevn`vv`ger{` kv} èt`vìlk, `npkyfkp}ìlk k} èfgeeb`vvbilk%

@f` v{ya`} {e pygilnk #eg{v btgev l {e mkv kddk}v m{ pyèf`pkmk lètky}kemg), fby eg{v btgev bppy`v r{k fk r{k eg{v pg{tgevtg`y, fk r{k eg{v pg{tgev vke}`y kv} pl{v `npgy}be} r{k fk r{keg{v ek tggev g{ ek vke}gev pbv% Eg}yk è}kllkf} eg{v m`} ablk.

nke} r{k lkevkàeknke} è}kllkf}{kl kv} pl{v `npgy}be} r{k fk r{keg{v ek pg{tgev pbv vke}`y% Lkevkàeknke} vknilk pl{v npgy}be}

L K Y G L K M [ N B @ ] Y K M B E V L K T G L [ ] @ G E C [ N B @ E K

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r{k fk r{k eg{v ek pg{tgev e` tg`y e` vke}`y, tgkx.tg{v% Bèvèg{v bffgymgev lb pl{v aybemk `npgy}befk lb pby}`k lb ngèv

`npgy}be}k m{ Nb}yk k} pk{ g{ pbv m`npgy}befk b{ pl{v cb{}e`tkb{ mk vge ks`v}kefk, vge Vg` vp`y`}{kl%

Fkv} pygibilknke} lb pyèf`pblk yb`vge mk eg}yk fckf, fby eg{v h{akgev lk Nb}yk mbpyv vkv pbyglkv k} vkv fy`}v k} fk{s.f` ekv{ppgy}ke} pbv lb fgnpbyb`vge btkf lb vg`.m`vbe} pc`lgvgpc`k% @lks`v}k mk i`ke nk`llk{yv l`tykv, ikb{fg{p pl{v m`dd`f`lkv fgnpyke.myk k} {ek mkv nblbm`kv ngmkyekv fgev`v}k pkevky r{k pl{v lbm`dd`f{l} kv} aybemk, pl{v aybemk kv} lb tblk{y% _by fgevr{ke} vgekevkàeknke} ek eg{v `npykvv`geek pbv% Ke kddk}, mk pby nge ksp.y`kefk k} fkllk mk egniyk mke}yk tg{v, v` eg{v lk fgnpbygev nnkb{s aybemv pc`lgvgpckv èm`kev }klv r{k, pby ksknplk, Vcbejbyb,Ybnbe{hb g{ b{s pc`lgvgpckv gff`mke}b{s, vb pc`lgvgpc`k ebbivgl{nke} pbv lb`y m{ek pc`lgvgpc`k% Lgyvr{k eg{v ke tkegev lksknplk mk vge ks`v}kefk, eg{v vgnnkv dbfk b{s nnkvpygilnkv, fby l kefgyk, vge ks`v}kefk ngy}kllk e}b`} pbv kskn.plb`yk b{ vkev pygpyk m{ }kynk 8 kllk e}b`} pbv {e ksknplk% F}b`}

{ek t`k v`nplk, kddbfk, tf{k b{ e`tkb{ lk pl{v ngmkv}k mk lks`v.}kefk pcv`r{k k}, pg{y fk{s mke}yk eg{v r{` ge} } ke fge}bf}btkf mkv pc`lgvgpckv k} r{` ge} t{ lk{yv i{ykb{s, lk{yv hbymèv,lk{yv p`vfèkv k} lk{yv iìl`g}cr{kv yknpl`kv mk l`tykv, lb t`k m{Nb}yk }b`} èvàe`d`be}k% @l ekv} mgef pbv v{ypykebe} r{k eg}ykNb}yk eb`} pbv y{vv` eg{v `npykvv`geeky b{s mk{s pykn`kyve`tkb{s% Lgyvr{k eg{v ke tkegev b{ e`tkb{ lk pl{v lkt, b{ e`tkb{vp`y`}{kl, blgyv fkv} {e pk{ m`ddyke}% Hgvk m`yk r{k v` fky}bèv

mke}yk eg{v vge} `f`, fkv} pbyfk r{`lv ge}, ayfk lk{y vkev`}`t`},ykvvke}` r{klr{k pk{ vb }ybevn`vv`ge, ykvvke}` {e pk{ mk lbng{yr{`l mtkyvb`} ke eg{v% Fkf` eg{v d`} fyg}yk vp`y`}{kllknke} k} eg{vmktenkv blgyv fbpbilkv mbigymky vge kevkàeknke} k} mk fgnpyke.myk vb t`k mk nbe`yk fgyykf}k% Bèv` lk pykn`ky kevkàeknke} r{`nkyak mk lb t`k m{ Nb}yk kv} 8 Bffkp}kx mbigym vb }ybevn`vv`gevp`y`}{kllk k} g{il`kx lk ykv}k% Fkv} {e kddk} mk vb n`vy`fgymk r{keg{v ebgev pbv fgnpykemyk lb }ybevn`vv`ge, nb`v {e`r{knke}

lb ykfktg`y k} lgyvr{k eg{v lb ykfktgev btkf {e f{y g{tky}, kllkkeakemyk lb }ybevdgynb}`ge è}y`k{yk efkvvb`yk pg{y dbf`l`}ky eg}yk

M @ V F G [ Y V M K T G Y B [ D K ] N B Y V K @ L L K

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fgnpyckev`ge mkv e`tkb{s èdy`k{yv mk vge kevkàeknke} k} mkvge ks`v}kefk% @l eg{v kv} blgyv pgvvìlk, ayfk lb }ybevdgynb}`ge

è}y`k{yk r{kllk pygm{`}, mk fgnpykemyk lkv e`tkb{s èdy`k{yv mkvge kevkàeknke}%

Fkv} mgef lk pyèf`pk mk lètky}kemg 8 eg{v mktgev mbigymfgnpykemyk fk r{` kv} v{py`k{y btbe} mk pg{tg`y fgnpykemyk fkr{` kv} èdy`k{y% Vge ks`v}kefk vp`y`}{kllk kv} }ybevn`vk ke eg{v k}eg{v db`} fyg}yk k} mktke`y fgnnk l{` : fk r{` eg{v pkynk} mkfgnpykemyk vge kevkàeknke} k} vb dbge mk t`tyk% Fk ekv} fkpke.mbe} pbv {e vkfyk} b{vv` pygdgem r{`l pbyb}, fby, nnk mbeveg}yk t`k c{nbèk gymèb`yk, lgyvr{k eg{v fgnnkegev b`nkyr{klr{{e, eg{v vgnnkv blgyv fbpbilkv mk lk fgnpykemyk nb`v vèg{v tg{lgev fgnpykemyk }g}blknke} fk}}k pkyvgeek, fgnpykemykpg{yr{g` `l g{ kllk t`} bèv` k} lb`nky kev{`}k, fkv} {e fckf% _g{yyv{nky ke {ek pcybvk 8 lbng{y ykem }g{}k fgnpyckev`ge pgv.vìlk, blgyv r{k lb fgnpyckev`ge ek fyk pbv lbng{y% Mk nnk, lkmtklgppknke} vp`y`}{kl pkynk} mk fgnpykemyk lb t`k pcv`r{k k}lkv ikvgèv è}kllkf}{klv k} ege lk fge}yb`yk%

Lb pykn`yk lkge lgyvr{k eg{v tg{lgev nkeky {ek t`k vp`y`.}{kllk kv} mgef mbffkp}ky lb }ybevn`vv`ge vp`y`}{kllk m{ Nb}yk%Eg{v mktgev }yk fbpbilkv mk v{vpkemyk }g{} h{aknke}, r{`l vg`}è}kllkf}{kl g{ m{e b{}yk gymyk h{vr{ fk r{k eg{v eg{v vggevmtklgppv vp`y`}{kllknke}% ]g{v fk{s r{` ge} y{vv` lk{y t`k vp`y`.}{kllk btkf nge Nb}yk ge} bmgp} {ek }kllk b}}`}{mk% ]bem`v r{k}g{v fk{s r{` ge} tg{l{ lk h{aky mbpyv vb t`k nb}y`kllk k} è}kllkf.

}{kllk vge} pby}`v pykvr{k `nnm`b}knke} g{ pk{ bpyv% Fk{s r{`ykfckyfcke} lb pkydkf}`ge pcv`r{k, lb}}yb`} pcv`r{k, lb ikb{}pcv`r{k, k}f%, lkv }yg{tke} b`llk{yv% Fk{s r{` ykfckyfcke} lkvtblk{yv è}kllkf}{kllkv, lb v}`n{lb}`ge g{ lkspbev`ge è}kllkf}{kllkvlkv }yg{tke} mbev lkv {e`tkyv`}v k} lkv iìl`g}cr{kv, b{pyv mkvpygdkvvk{yv k} `lv v ykemke}% Bèv`, `l ek ykv}k mbev lk Vbcbh Nbyar{k fk}}k pk}`}k pgy}`ge mk lc{nbe`} r{` kv} py}k ykfktg`ylkvvkefk k} b}}kemyk lbtke`y btbe} mk pgy}ky {e h{aknke}% @l ek

vba`} pbv mk r{klr{k fcgvk mk eb}{ykl, eg{v mktgev lbffkp}ky,tgkx.tg{v, fby }g{}k eg}yk m{fb}`ge eg{v kefg{ybak h{aky mk lb


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dbge gppgvk% Lb t`k kllk.nnk eg{v kevkàek 8 ]g{fckx,ag}kx, ksbnèkx btbe} mbffkp}ky% Fkv} lk py`s r{k eg{v btgev

pbky pg{y btg`y tgl{ pby}`y mkv e`tkb{s mk t`k èdy`k{yvh{vr{ lb t`k c{nbèk, h{vr{b{ e`tkb{ c{nbè mk lks`v}kefk%Mbev {e fky}bè vkev, fkv} mgef {e vbnvjbyb, pbyfk r{k lkv kedbe}v lkdge}, lkv be`nb{s lk dge} 8 `lv mg`tke} }g{fcky, lfcky, ag}ky, vke}`y,k}f%, btbe} mk pykemyk k} mbffkp}ky% V` eg{v fgev`mygev lb fcgvkbèv`, eg{v ke byy`tgev {ek fgefl{v`ge }yv }geebe}k, {ekfgefl{v`ge r{` kv} ege vk{lknke} v{ypykebe}k, nb`v r{` pk{}nnk }yk fcgr{be}k% Fklb vàe`d`k r{k eg{v bnkegev b{ e`tkb{c{nbè lb dbge mge} lkv be`nb{s }kv}ke} lkv fcgvkv% Hk v{`v fky}bèr{k }yv pk{ mk akev bmnk}}yge} fkf`, pk{}.}yk nnk pkyvgeek,fby fkv} {e egynk fcgf pg{y eg}yk kag m`nbaèky r{k }g{} eg}ykke}ybeknke}, }g{}k eg}yk f{l}{yk, }g{}k eg}yk m{fb}`ge ek vge}r{{e pyglgeaknke} g{ {ek ks}kev`ge mk egv dbf{l}v be`nblkv%R{kllk r{k vg`} lb vkevì`l`} mk eg}yk }g{fcky, fkv} {e vkev be`nbl%@l ke kv} mk nnk pg{y lkv b{}ykv vkev 8 lk ag}, lgmgyb}, lb t{k, k}f%

Bèv` nkyak {ek v`}{b}`ge }g{} db`} pby}`f{l`yk mbev lbr{kllk

eg{v fgev`mygev r{`l ks`v}k }yg`v e`tkb{s mks`v}kefk 8 lk e`tkb{v{i.c{nbè, lk e`tkb{ c{nbè k} lk e`tkb{ v{pyb.c{nbè% Eg{veg{v }yg{tgev eg{v.nnkv b{ e`tkb{ è}kynm`b`yk 8 lk e`tkb{c{nbè% ]g{}kv lkv dbf{l}v mge} eg{v m`vpgvgev pg{y h{aky g{tbl{ky r{klr{k fcgvk pygt`keeke} m{ e`tkb{ èdy`k{y, lk e`tkb{v{i.c{nbè k} fkv} btkf fkv dbf{l}v, b{vv` mtklgppkv vg`ke}.kllkv, r{k eg{v mktgev h{aky lks`v}kefk v{py`k{yk, r{` kv} lks`v.}kefk v{pyb.c{nbèk%

@f` è}kyt`ke} lk vkfgem db`} }geebe} 8 lkv akev mge} lkv dbf{l}vek vge} pbv }kllknke} mtklgppkv, fk{s r{` vge} bvvkx pk{èv}y{`}v k} f{l}`tv y{vv`vvke} dbf`lknke} ke vp`y`}{bl`} : fkf`, fb{vk mk mk{s g{ }yg`v dbf}k{yv% Lk dbf}k{y pyèf`pbl kv} r{`lvvbtke} r{k lk{yv dbf{l}v ek vge} pbv i`ke mtklgppkv k} `lv ekfgnp}ke} mgef pbv v{y kllkv% Eg{v pg{tgev vbev mg{}k pyvke}ybl`vky k} fgnpykemyk pg{yr{g` lkv aybemv nb}ykv m{ ngemk

e}b`ke} pbv mkv è}kllkf}{klv, mkv akev }yv èv}y{`}v, e` mkv y`fckv,y`ke mk }g{} fklb% Lkv f`yfgev}befkv mk lk{y t`k c{nbèk lkv ge}


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pg{vvv ykhk}ky fkv fcgvkv, lkv lb`vvky mk f} nb`v, i`ke vy, fklbek v{dd`} pbv ke vg` pg{y lb t`k vp`y`}{kllk% @lv btb`ke} lbvp`yb}`ge

è}y`k{yk vk mtklgppky b{ e`tkb{ v{pyb.c{nbè mk lks`v}kefkk} fk} `nnkevk mv`y bymke} m{ f{y, bvvgf` lb nd`befk t`v..t`vmk }g{}kv lkv dbf{l}v c{nbèkv, lk{y b pkyn`v mk mtklgppky fk r{`kv} lk pl{v kvvke}`kl 8 lb dg`% Fklb lk{y b pkyn`v mk lb`vvky mk f}}g{}kv lkv dbf{l}v c{nbèkv mk h{aknke}, m{ db`} mk lk{y èv{dd`.vbefk k} mk mtklgppky fk}}k dg`%

Bèv`, lk vkfyk} pg{y mktke`y fgnnk lkv nb}ykv kv} mbtg`y lkmv`y bymke} k} mk mtklgppky lb dg`% R{kllk kv} lb pyk{tk r{k fkv} lbvk{lk dbge mk mktke`y fgnnk lkv nb}ykv 7 @l kv} t`mke} r{b{f{eaybem nb}yk e}b`} y`fck e` è}kllkf}{kl, b{f{e mke}yk k{s ebtb`}mk iìl`g}cr{k e` mk m`plnkv, b{f{e ebtb`} hbnb`v } l{e`tky.v`}, b{f{e e}b`} {e fg{yk{y mk fgnp}`}`ge, {e b}cl}k g{ {e abe}pcv`r{knke}% Lkyyk{y r{k eg{v fgnnk}}gev kv} }yv v`nplk 8 eg{v}{m`gev lb t`k mk fkv aybemv nb}ykv b{ }ybtkyv mk lk{yv l`tykv k} mklk{yv kevkàeknke}v k} eg{v eg{v nbaègev r{k fk}}k }{mk tb eg{vpkynk}}yk mk mktke`y fgnnk k{s% Fkv} {ek kyyk{y fg{ybe}k% Eg{v

pykegev {e l`tyk mk f{`vèk, eg{v }{m`gev lb ykfk}}k m{e plb} k}eg{v fyggev lbtg`y y{vv`% Fk} èv}èf}, fk}}k fygbefk kv} {}`l`vkpby fk{s r{` fy`tke} mkv l`tykv, }klv r{k 8 Fgnnke} mktke`y n`ll`ge.eb`yk ke r{b}yk lkgev : fk vge} k{s r{` mkt`keeke} n`ll`geeb ykv "

R{k db{}.`l mgef ke fgefl{yk 7 @l db{} ke fgefl{yk, r{ke }{m`be}lb i`gaybpc`k mk fkv nb}ykv, eg{v mktgev yk}`yky mk lk{y t`k fk r{`lvge} yk{ mke cb{} k} fkv} lb vk{lk tblk{y r{k lkv i`gaybpc`kv

mktyb`ke} eg{v pygf{yky% Hk fgev`myk pby fgevr{ke} ltgl{}`gevg{v {e bealk m`ddyke}, fkv} nb fgefl{v`ge pkyvgeekllk, tgkx.tg{v% B{ d{y k} nkv{yk r{k lk fg{ybe} mtgl{}`ge pygaykvvk, mkegniyk{s b}}yì{}v k} bppkem`fkv vge} dgynv pby lkv iybefckvvkfgemb`ykv mk fk fg{ybe}, nb`v fkllkv.f` mknk{yke} mkv iybefckvvkfgemb`ykv% Fk r{` tgl{k, fkv} lb pgè}k r{` tb }g{hg{yv mk lbtbe},vbev b}}yì{}, vbev bppkem`fk k} vbev r{bl`} : kllk btbefk fge}è{kllk.nke}% B{vv`, v` eg{v tg{lgev db`yk pby}`k m{ fg{ybe} tgl{}`d pyèf`.

pbl r{` btbefk vbev yklfck, mktgev. eg{v g{il`ky }g{}kv fkv fcgvkvk} bllky }g{hg{yv mk lbtbe}%


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Tg`f` nb vkfgemk fgefl{v`ge pkyvgeekllk 8 v` lb iybefck c{nbèkmk ltgl{}`ge mg`} fcg{ky, kllk fcg{kyb fb{vk mk lb v{yvpf`bl`vb.

}`ge% Fkv} {ek b{}yk fgefl{v`ge r{` ek vkyb fky}bèknke} pbv bffkp.}k, m{ ngèv ke Gff`mke}, fby lb vpf`bl`vb}`ge kv} }yv fcyk b{ f{yk} lè}kllkf} mkv Gff`mke}b{s nb`v eg{v vgnnkv }g{v fgedyge}v lb }ybam`k mk lb v{yvpf`bl`vb}`ge r{bem eg{v bllgev fckx lk nmkfè%Mk egv hg{yv, pk{ mke}yk k{s vge} fbpbilkv mk db`yk fk r{` mg`} }ykdb`}, fgnnk lk db`vb`ke} lkv bef`kev aeybl`v}kv% @l b b{vv` fk}}k plb`.vbe}ky`k ngmkyek r{` tk{} r{k, mbev lkv {vèkv, fkl{` r{` nk} ke plbfk{ek t`v ek vb`} r{k lb nk}}yk ke plbfk, {ek b{}yk pkyvgeek mg`} kev{`}ktke`y pg{y lb t`vvky% Lk pl{v aybem mkv mbeakyv, hk lk yp}k, pg{y {ekf`t`l`vb}`ge c{nbèk }g{fcbe} vb dè, kv} fk}}k vpf`bl`vb}`ge% Hkpkevk r{k fkv} lb pl{v aybemk lkge r{k lkv nb}ykv eg{v kevkàeke} 8 Ek tg{v vpf`bl`vkx pbv% Lk y`fck ekv} r{k fkl{` r{` vkv} vpf`bl`vmbev lby} mk abaeky mk lbyake}% _k{ mk y`fckv vge} v{dd`vbnnke}è}kllàke}v pg{y vbtg`y fgnnke} `lv ge} i}` lk{y dgy}{ek% Lb nnkfcgvk vbppl`r{k }g{v lkv vpf`bl`v}kv% B{hg{ymc{` nblck{yk{vk.nke}, nnk mbev lkv {e`tkyv`}v g{ lkv fke}ykv mbppyke}`vvbak, {evpf`bl`v}k mbev {e mgnbèk ekv} pbv fbpbilk mk fgnpykemyk {e

vpf`bl`v}k m{e b{}yk mgnbèk% Eg{v btgev mgef fy {ek f`t`l`vb.}`ge g lb vpf`bl`vb}`ge b } pg{vvk {e mkay mk y`m`f{lk }kl r{kpkyvgeek ek pk{} pl{v fgnpykemyk lb{}yk%

Bèv` lgyvr{k eg{v givkytgev lb t`k mk eg}yk Nb}yk, eg{v ke byy`.tgev fk}}k fgefl{v`ge dgembnke}blk 8 Vgkx v`nplk k} ke cbyng.e`k btkf lb Eb}{yk% V` vb t`k b n`v ke kskya{k r{klr{k fcgvk, fkv}i`ke fk}}k ty`}% Bffkp}kx }g{}kv lkv dbf{l}v mge} tg{v btkx }

mg}v, nb`v ek lk{y db`}kv pbv fged`befk% [}`l`vkx.lkv }g{} ke vbfcbe}r{kllkv vge} v{hk}}kv mks}ynkv l`n`}b}`gev% ]g{v lkv l`tykv mkpvfcglga`k pg{y mi{}be}v pyvke}ke} mkv vfcnbv r{` `ll{v}yke} lbpb{tyk} mk eg}yk t`v`ge 8 mkv làekv pbyblllkv eg{v vknilke}fg{yikv k} mkv làekv fg{yikv eg{v vknilke} pbyblllkv, ge ek pk{}mgef pbv vk d`ky eg}yk t{k% Lb t{k kv} pg{y}be} eg}yk vkev lk pl{vmtklgpp, fkl{` mge} eg{v mpkemgev lk pl{v%


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Lkv nb}ykv pgvvmke} mgef fkv dbf{l}v, nb`v ek mpkemke} pbvmkllkv% @lv ge} ikvgè mk lb t{k, nb`v `lv fyke} {ek t`v`ge è}y`k{yk

ke g{il`be} lkv k{s% @lv ge} ikvgè mke}kemyk fk r{k m`} lk Nb}yk,nb`v `lv fyke} {ek gyk`llk mbev lk f{y k} g{il`ke} lkv gyk`llkvpcv`r{kv% Mk nnk, pk{ mk akev pk{tke} bllky }g{fcky lk Nb}yk :fgnnke} kv}.`l 7 Kv}.`l mg{s 7 Kv}.`l l`vvk 7 Lk ikvgè ks`v}k }g{}kdg`vk} `lv mtklgppke} {e vkev m{ }g{fcky m`ddyke}, {e }g{fcky vp`y`.}{kl% R{k db{}.`l ke fgefl{yk 7 ]g{}kv fkv fcgvkv vge} efkvvb`ykv,nb`v kllkv mg`tke} tke`y {e e`tkb{ v{py`k{y, m{ek nbe`yk pl{vè}y`k{yk r{k egv vkev ks}y`k{yv k} }g{} fkf` ek pk{} }yk mgeer{k pby lk Nb}yk, ayfk vb }ybevn`vv`ge r{` mtklgppk ke eg{vfkv dbf{l}v% R{kl ke kv} lk pl{v aybem ied`fk 7 Fkv} r{k, lgyvr{keg{v ebtgev pl{v lb pyvkefk pcv`r{k m{ Nb}yk, eg{v pg{tgevfkpkembe} lk tg`y, lke}kemyk, lk vke}`y k} }yk btkf l{`%

Hk v{aaykyb`v mgef r{k eg{v {}`l`v`gev fkv pg{tg`yv pcv`r{kvmge} eg{v vgnnkv mg}v, r{` eg{v ge} } fgedyv, ke plkèkfgeeb`vvbefk mk lk{yv l`n`}b}`gev% Lk vkyt`fk nbs`n{n r{`lvpk{tke} eg{v ykemyk kv} mk eg{v bnkeky b{ Nb}yk k} y`ke mk pl{v%

_{`v, eg{v lkv g{il`gev k} eg{v l{` pkynk}}gev mk mtklgppky keeg{v lkv dbf{l}v v{py`k{ykv pg{y mktke`y kev{`}k {e btkf l{`%Eg{v bibemgeegev fkv r{bl`}v k} eg{v l{` pkynk}}gev mk mtklgp.pky ke eg{v lkv dbf{l}v v{py`k{ykv r{` eg{v pkynk}}ke} mk ek db`ykr{{e% Fkv} bèv` r{k lkv nb}ykv vk vge} mtklgppv k} fkv} ablk.nke} bèv` r{k eg{v mktgev eg{v mtklgppky% Fkv} mgef {ek mkvlkgev r{k eg{v bppykegev ke }{m`be} lk{y t`k%

Nkyf`%


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Tgyb{d, lk 90 h{è 2034

@l e b pbv mk dè }g{} fk r{k lge pg{yyb`} m`yk v{y lk Nb}yk : vbt`k k} fk r{`l eg{v b }ybevn`v vge} {ek vg{yfk }kyekllk mkevkàek.nke}v pg{y eg{v a{`mky% [ek dg`v N{e`fc, hk fyg`v r{k f}b`} ke203?, pygpgv m{ek r{kv}`ge pgvk b{ v{hk} mk lb yt`v`ge mk vkvl`tykv, Ibi{h` b m`} r{k fk{s.f` ebtb`ke} e{l ikvgè m}yk ykt{v% @l bbhg{} r{k lb aeyb}`ge bf}{kllk b{yb`} m{ nbl fgnpykemyk vkvkevkàeknke}v k} r{k vkv l`tykv ek vkyb`ke} ty`}bilknke} fgnpy`v

r{k mkv n`ll`kyv mbeekv pl{v }bym% Tg`l lk vkfyk} mkv kevkàek.nke}v mk }g{v lkv nb}ykv 8 fkv} r{`lv t`keeke} }yv ke btbefk v{ylk{y }knpv% V` i`ke r{k, m{ db`} r{`lv byy`tke} m`vgev mk{s n`llk bevbtbe} lck{yk, `lv eg{v dge} pykemyk mk lbtbefk mk lb nnk dbge,#`lv eg{v pyghk}}ke} mbev lk d{}{y)% Fkv} fgnnk v` {e cgnnk m{d{}{y tkeb`} mbev vge pygpyk pbvv r{` kv} eg}yk pyvke}% Fkv}pykvr{k fgnnk lkv tgbakv mbev lk }knpv mk lb vf`kefk.d`f}`ge%

@l b {ek c`v}g`yk mge} lk }`}yk bealb`v kv} ]ck vlkkpky bqbjkv #Lkmgynk{y vtk`llk)% Hk ek vb`v fgni`ke mke}yk tg{v lge} l{k% Lc`v}g`ykm`} r{k fk} cgnnk pby} mbev lk pbvv ke knpgy}be} {ek fky}bèkr{be}`} mgy : bbe} yknge} pl{v`k{yv v`flkv, `l ètkv}`} lgy fk}}kpgr{k% @l ykt`ke} kev{`}k mbev vge pygpyk pyvke} k} lbyake} r{`lbtb`} ètkv}` b b{anke} fgev`mybilknke} k} r{bem `l vk ytk`llkbpyv {ek e{`} mk vgnnk`l, `l pgvvmk }g{}k lb }kyyk, lk ngemk ke}`ky%

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Hk pkevk r{k fkv} mk fk}}k dbge r{k lkv nb}ykv }ybtb`llke} v{yeg{v k} eg{v fgev`myke} fgnnk lk{yv% Fk r{k hk tk{s v{aayky,

fkv} r{`lv vge} }yv ke btbefk v{y eg{v mbev ltgl{}`ge% @lv t`ke.eke} mlìynke} mbev eg}yk pyvke} fk}}k t`k : `lv ètkv}`vvke}lk{y y`fckvvk vp`y`}{kllk ke eg{v k}, r{bem `lv vk ytk`llke}, eg{vvgnnkv lb y`fckvvk vp`y`}{kllk r{`lv ge}, ke r{klr{k vgy}k, vknk,f{l}`tk k} yfgl}k% Mbev egv ks`v}kefkv c{nbèkv, eg{v db`vgevmkv fcgvkv v`n`lb`ykv 8 mkv nmkfèv, mkv n`vv`geeb`ykv tge} mbevlb h{ealk vgff{pky mkv }yì{v py`n`}`tkv : `lv t`tke} fgnnk k{s,nbeake} fgnnk k{s, bppykeeke} lk{y lbeabak k} mkt`keeke} pby.db`}knke} vknilbilkv k{s% Fkpkembe}, `l b {ek fcgvk r{`lv ekpk{tke} bibemgeeky g{ fcbeaky 8 fkv} lk{y f{l}{yk, lk{y pygpyke`tkb{ mtgl{}`ge% Fkv} fk r{`lv }ybevdyke} b{s py`n`}`dv pg{ylkv lktky h{vr{ lk{y e`tkb{% Eg{v db`vgev mgef }g{v lk nnk}ybtb`l, nb`v mbev lk fbmyk mk lb m{yk mk eg}yk t`k% [e kevkàebe}lk db`} btkf mkv kedbe}v 8 `l vk nk} lk{y pgy}k k} lkv bnek kev{`}k vge pygpyk e`tkb{ è}kllkf}{kl k} vge mkay mèv}y{f}`ge%

Bèv`, lb vk{lk fcgvk r{` m`ddyk ke}yk {e nb}yk k} eg{v, fkv}

r{k fk r{k eg{v pg{tgev db`yk vk{lknke} pkembe} eg}yk pygpykt`k, `l lk db`} v{y mkv n`ll`kyv mbeekv nb`v `l db{} yknbyr{ky {ekfcgvk `npgy}be}k 8 fkv} r{k fklb `npl`r{k mk vb pby} {e }yv aybemvbfy`d`fk pkyvgeekl% Eg{v db`vgev mkv vbfy`d`fkv, lkv nb}ykv dge} mkvvbfy`d`fkv k} lb m`ddykefk ekv} r{{ek r{kv}`ge mk mkay%

Lb vkfgemk m`ddykefk kv} mbev lb}}`}{mk% Eg{v db`vgev fk }ybtb`lpby vnpb}c`k, blgyv r{k lkv nb}ykv lk dge} pby fgnpbvv`ge% Eg{v

vgnnkv mkv }ykv c{nbèv }ybtb`llbe} btkf mb{}ykv }ykv c{nbèv}yv pygfckv mk eg}yk pygpyk e`tkb{ : lb m`ddykefk ekv} pbv }kllk.nke} aybemk ke}yk lpgr{k py`n`}`tk k} lpgr{k ngmkyek nb`vlgyvr{{e nb}yk mkvfkem pbyn` eg{v, fkv} m{ nnk gymyk r{k vèg{v mkvfkem`gev b{ e`tkb{ mk lbnìk g{ m}ykv pygfckv mk fke`tkb{ mtgl{}`ge k} r{k eg{v mkt`gev }ybtb`llky v{y k{s pg{y kedb`yk mkv }ykv c{nbèv% Fkv} fklb r{` ykem lb fgnn{e`fb}`ge b{vv`m`dd`f`lk% Btkf {e b{}yk }yk c{nbè, eg{v pg{tgev fgnn{e`r{ky

pby mkv akv}kv, pby mkv n`n`r{kv : eg{v pg{tgev db`yk lkddgy}


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mbppykemyk vb lbea{k, v` fklb kv} efkvvb`yk nb`v `nbaèkx r{kllkvvkyb`ke} lkv m`dd`f{l}v, v` {e }yk c{nbè mktb`} ykmkvfkemyk b{

e`tkb{ mk lbnìk k} bppykemyk fgnn{e`r{ky btkf kllk mk dbge fk r{kllk p{`vvk lk fgnpykemyk "

]kllk kv} mgef lb aybemk{y mk lb }fck r{{e nb}yk ke}ykpykemk} eg{v btgev mkv ksknplkv m{e }ybtb`l vknilbilk fckx lkv }ykvc{nbèv 8 mkv èm`t`m{v }ybtb`llbe} btkf mkv fc`npbexv, mkv ag.y`llkv, mkv mb{pcèv% Bèv`, tgkx.tg{v, l}yk c{nbè gymèb`yk r{`ke}yk ke vnpb}c`k btkf vge ket`ygeeknke} ke}ykpykem {ek }fckv`n`lb`yk% B{ e`tkb{ lk pl{v agv}k, lk pl{v agfke}y`r{k, {e }ykc{nbè ekv} pygff{p r{k pby l{`.nnk g{ pby kllk.nnk% B {ee`tkb{ layknke} pl{v lkt, l}yk c{nbè vè}ykvvk b{s b{}ykv}ykv c{nbèv% B {e e`tkb{ {e pk{ pl{v lkt kefgyk, `l vè}ykvvkb{s dgynkv mk t`k r{` tgl{ke} b{}g{y mk l{` nb`v b{ e`tkb{ lk pl{vlkt, {e }kl }yk vgff{pk mk }g{}kv lkv dgynkv mk t`k, r{kllkvvg`ke} pbvvkv, pyvke}kv g{ d{}{ykv, pk{ `npgy}k%

Kc i`ke " v` tg{v fgnpykekx fkf`, tg{v tg{v ykemykx fgnp}k r{kl

pgè} lk vkyt`fk vgf`bl kv} {ek fcgvk èvàe`d`be}k fckx lkv }ykvc{nbèv% Fklb ykt`ke} vk{lknke} iy`vky lb fgr{k mk lagvnk mkl}yk c{nbè% Ge pbylk }g{hg{yv m{ vkyt`fk vgf`bl, lkv akev m`vke} 8 Hkdb`v m{ i`ke b{s b{}ykv, pg{yr{g` mktyb`v.hk nm`}ky 7 V` ge pg{tb`}lk{y db`yk fgnpykemyk fk} bvpkf} m{ vkyt`fk fgnnke} fkl{` r{` kv} lkpl{v lkt vky} fkl{` r{` kv} lk pl{v ibv `lv ykfgeeb}yb`ke} k{s.nnkvr{`l kv} }g{} db`} y`m`f{lk mk py}kemyk r{`lv vkytke} lc{nbe`}% @lvfgnpykemyb`ke} r{`lv ek dge} r{k vgy}`y mk{s.nnkv pg{y mktke`y

mkv }ykv c{nbèv% [e pg{vvè mbev l{d ekv} pbv kefgyk {e pg{vvè,`l ek lk mkt`ke} r{k lgyvr{`l iy`vk fk}}k fgr{`llk pg{y ke vgy}`y% B{vv`,eg{v pg{tgev m`yk r{{e èm`t`m{, e vg{v dgynk c{nbèk, ekfgnnkefk mktke`y {e }yk c{nbè r{k lgyvr{`l fkvvk mk ek pkevkyr{ l{`.nnk k} vk nk} vk pygff{pky mkv b{}ykv%

Mgef, pg{y ke yktke`y b{s nb}ykv, eg{v tggev r{kl pgè} lb}fck r{`lv ge} ke}ykpy`vk kv} egynk, fby fkv} lk Nb}yk r{` mg`}

db`yk bivgl{nke} }g{v lkv kddgy}v pg{y eg{v lktky% Lk pykn`ky vbfy`.


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mk pyb}`r{ky pg{y fgnpykemyk% Fkv} {ek pkyvgeek t`tbe}k k} eg{vmktgev t`tyk btkf l{`, fgnpykemyk vb t`k k} yk}`yky {e ied`fk mk vb

pyvkefk% Lk Nb}yk mktb`} mgef bllky pby}g{} g `l pg{tb`} bllky,b{vv` vg{tke} r{k pgvvìlk, pg{y vk nge}yky eg{v k} fkv} pg{y.r{g` Ibi{h` ek fkvvb`} mk eg{v yp}ky fk r{k Jbi`y btb`} m`} mkvfke}bèkv mbeekv b{pbybtbe} 8 nnk v` lk m`vf`plk t`} v` pyv m{nb}yk r{`l e b r{{e v`nplk n{y pg{y vpbyky lk{yv mk{snb`vgev, lk m`vf`plk mg`} pg{y}be} dkynky vb pgy}k fl k} tke`y t`tykbtkf vge nb}yk pkembe} {ek vknbèk%

Hk nk mknbemb`v pg{yr{g` fkf` }b`} efkvvb`yk% Bpyv }g{}, ekv}.`l pbv v{dd`vbe} r{k lk Nb}yk t`keek eg{v 7 _by ksknplk, r{kllk kv}lb m`ddykefk ke}yk lk db`} r{k tg{v tke`kx ng` g{ r{k hk t`keek tg{v 7 @l b {ek pk}`}k m`ddykefk% @l t`ke} eg{v fb{vk mk vgebng{y m`tè pg{y eg{v k} eg{v ek fgnnkegev bllky lk tg`y r{klgyvr{k eg{v eg{v nk}}gev lb`nky% Fkv} pg{yr{g` tg{v mfg{ty`.ykx r{k, }be} r{{e bicbv` ekv} pygff{p r{k mk vge pygpyk pyg.ayv, mk vge ied`fk vp`y`}{kl, `l ek vk mgeek pbv lb pkèk mbllky tg`ylk Nb}yk% @l kv} tyb` r{`l pk{} gi}ke`y {e }yv aybem ied`fk ke

ykv}be} l g `l vk }yg{tk : fby fkv} lk ied`fk r{k mgeeke} lkv kevk`.aeknke}v k} lb pyb}`r{k nb`v v` {e bicbv` tk{} mktke`y fgnnk lkNb}yk, blgyv `l mg`} bllky t`tyk btkf vge Nb}yk%

Nbè}kebe}, hb`nkyb`v tg{v mgeeky lksknplk m{ek ig{a`k 8 lbig{a`k kv} {}`l`vk pby}g{} g `l b mk lgivf{y`} pg{y `ll{nèkyfkllk.f`% Bèv` kv} lk Nb}yk r{` tgbak pg{y eg{v `ll{nèky, pg{y ll{.nèky egv f{yv nb`v lgivf{y`} pk{}.kllk bllky lb ig{a`k pg{y }yk

`ll{nèk 7 Fkv} fk r{b}}kem lk Nb}yk lgyvr{k lbicbv` t`ke} lk tg`yk} fk n`ybflk ek pk{} v{ytke`y r{ke}yk mkv }ykv c{nbèv k} ege pbvke}yk lgivf{y`} k} lb l{n`yk% Fkf` ek mkt`ke} pgvvìlk r{k lgyvr{klbng{y eb} mbev lk f{y mk lbicbv` fby, fk ngnke}.l, }g{}k `mkmk ied`fk, mk fyg`vvbefk, }g{}k `mk mgi}ke`y r{klr{k fcgvk m{Nb}yk, }g{}kv fkv `mkv vke tge} k} lgyvr{k lbng{y pykem lk{yplbfk, lbicbv` vk nk} vk mknbemky fk r{`l pk{} db`yk pg{y lkNb}yk, fk r{`l pk{} mgeeky b{ Nb}yk%


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Tg`f` {ek b{}yk fcgvk r{k eg{v mkty`gev ksbnèky }yv vgàek{vk.nke}, pbyfk r{k, nnk b{ e`tkb{ c{nbè, `l b ikb{fg{p mk fged{.

v`ge b{ v{hk} mk fk} bng{y 8 eg{v pkevgev r{b`nky fkv} gi}ke`y nb`v vèg{v fgnpykegev ty`}bilknke} lbng{y, eg{v mfg{tygev r{b`nkyfkv} mgeeky k} r{k pl{v ge mgeek, pl{v ge b`nk% Ge pk{} mgef bdd`ynkybtkf fged`befk r{k lgyvr{k lge mgeek }g}blknke}, ge b`nk }g}blknke}k} fkv} fk r{k db`} lk Nb}yk 8 `l t`ke} eg{v }g}blknke} k} vk mgeek }g}b.lknke} eg{v mbev {e kddgy} pg{y eg{v ykemyk }klv r{k l{`%

Lb pyvkefk m{ Nb}yk kv} {ek kspykvv`ge mk vge bng{y }g}blpg{y eg{v% Fk r{`l eg{v mgeek vbev b{f{ek yvkytk, vbev mknbemkyr{g` r{k fk vg`} ke yk}g{y, fkv} l{`.nnk% Fk r{`l mg`} eg{v kevk`.aeky, fkv} mktke`y fgnnk l{` k} fk ekv} pbv pby lk pygayv vp`y`.}{kl% Hk v{`v bivgl{nke} fky}bè r{k lk pygayv vp`y`}{kl ekv} r{{ebpp} pg{y eg{v b}}`yky l{`, fgnnk ge lbefk {ek fbeek pfckpg{y ybnkeky lk pg`vvge% Lk ty`}bilk i{} mk vge kddgy} kv} mk eg{vdb`yk mktke`y mkv bnbe}v m`tèv fgnnk l{`.nnk% [e bnbe} kv}r{klr{{e r{` b`nk k} {e bnbe} m`tè, fkv} r{klr{{e r{` b`nkm`tèknke}, fkv}..m`yk vbev b{f{ek yvkytk, vbev b{f{ek ykv}y`f.

}`ge, vbev r{g` r{k fk vg`} pg{y lk l`n`}ky% Fkv} pg{yr{g` ge bppkllkfklb lbng{y {e`tkyvkl% Ge b vg{tke} m`} r{k lbng{y {e`tkyvkl ekfgev`v}b`} pbv b`nky fcbr{k fcgvk mbev l{e`tkyv% Fklb ekv} hbnb`vpgvvìlk nb`v fkv} {e bng{y r{` kv} {e`tkyvkl mbev vge ybgeek.nke}, mbev vge hb`ll`vvknke} pby}`y mk lb vg{yfk k} fkv} pg{yr{gèg{v m`vgev r{k M`k{ kv} bng{y% Eg{v ek m`vgev pbv r{k M`k{ b`nk,eg{v m`vgev r{k M`k{ kv} bng{y k} tg`f` ke r{g` fgev`v}k lkddgy} ty`.}bilk m{ Nb}yk 8 `l tk{} db`yk mk eg{v mkv bnbe}v m`tèv%

Lgyvr{`l t`ke} eg{v mgeeky lkv kevkàeknke}v k} lb pyb}`r{k, fkek vge} r{k lkv pykn`ykv }bpkv mbev fk pygfkvv{v mnbef`pb}`gepg{y eg{v lìyky mk eg{v.nnkv k} pg{y eg{v nkeky b{ e`tkb{m`tè% Tg{v pg{tkx fgnpykemyk fklb ke fgev`mybe} r{k, lgyvr{kmk{s }ykv c{nbèv vb`nke}, ge bppkllk fklb lbng{y c{nbè%Lbng{y m`tè ek pk{} }yk pgvvìlk r{ke}yk mkv }ykv m`tèv k} mgef,


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yf`pygr{knke}, lgyvr{`l b bng{y m`tè ke}yk mk{s pkyvgeekv, fkvmk{s pkyvgeekv mg`tke} }yk m`tèkv% B{vv`, lgyvr{k eg{v mktkegev

fbpbilkv mb`nky lk Nb}yk fgnnk `l eg{v b`nk, fklb tk{} m`yk r{keg{v vgnnkv mktke{v fgnnk l{`%

Lb pyk{tk m{ db`} r{k eg{v btgev tgl{ h{vr{ vge e`tkb{ ekv}pbv lb dbf{l} mk db`yk mkv n`ybflkv : fk ekv} pbv {ek dgyfk v{yc{.nbèk : fk ekv} pbv lb ikb{} e` b{f{e mk fkv b}}yì{}v% Lb pyk{tk,fkv} eg}yk fbpbf`} b`nky fgnnk l{`% Mgef {e bicbv` g{r{klr{{e r{` mv`yk mktke`y {e bicbv`, r{` vg{cb`}k }yg{tky {enb}yk mg`} ykfckyfcky {e cgnnk fbpbilk mbng{y {e`tkyvkl : fkv}fk r{` pyg{tk r{`l vba`} m{e nb}yk% Nblck{yk{vknke}, ge eg{v bkevkàe lètkyvk : ge eg{v b kevkàe ykfckyfcky lkv n`ybflkv, lkvpg{tg`yv, lb dgyfk% Fkv} pg{yr{g` }g{v lkv aybemv nb}ykv eg{v ge}btky}`v mk eg{v nd`ky mkv n`ybflkv : lkv n`ybflkv èm`r{ke} v`nplk.nke} lb pyvkefk mk pg{tg`yv, pbv mk lbng{y% Fkv} pg{yr{g` mbev}g{}kv lkv tg`kv ty`}bilknke} vp`y`}{kllkv, ge t`}k fgnpl}knke} lkvn`ybflkv% @lv ek vge} pbv b{}gy`vv%


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vgnnb`yk


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Tgyb{d, lk 9 h{`llk} 2034

Lk ylk m{ Nb}yk mbev egv t`kv fgev`v}k nk}}yk ke nbyfck lkvdgyfkv lb}ke}kv mk ltgl{}`ge% Hb` mh k{ lgffbv`ge mke pbylky fky}bèv mke}yk tg{v ke bpby}% Hk lk{y b` m`} r{k, vklge ng`, lke`tkb{ c{nbè kv} ke r{klr{k vgy}k {ek }bpk è}kynm`b`yk mbevlk pygfkvv{v mtgl{}`ge% Ge eg{v kevkàek r{k lb t`k b fgnnkef

pby}`y mk fk r{k lge bppkllk lk l`nge, mbev lkv gfbev gyàèklv mklb }kyyk, `l b mkv n`ll`gev mbeekv% Ge lk egnnk lk l`nge py`ngy.m`bl% @l vba`} m{ek nb}`yk r{k lge pg{yyb`} r{bl`d`ky mk vg{pk,{e nlbeak m{e pk{ mk }g{}, mbya`lk k} b{}ykv lnke}v 8 iykd lbnb}`yk gyàèkllk, }kllk r{kllk }b`} `l b mkv n`ll`gev mbeekv k}fk}}k t`k r{` b fgnnkef mbev lkv gfbev vkv} mtklgppk pygaykv.v`tknke} pg{y big{}`y l}yk c{nbè%

Lb vf`kefk k} lb vp`y`}{bl`} vbffgymke} }g{}kv mk{s pg{y m`ykr{k l}yk c{nbè kv}, h{vr{ pyvke}, lb dgynk mk t`k lb pl{vlktk mbev ltgl{}`ge% L}yk c{nbè g{il`k ebengèv lkspykv.v`ge h{vr{ nbè}kebe} k} pkevk r{`l ykpyvke}k lk v{nn{n mkltgl{}`ge, fk r{` kv} {ek aygvv`yk kyyk{y% Ge fgev`myk r{k lbdgynk mk t`k gyàèkllk b tgl{ h{vr{ lb dgynk c{nbèk bf}{kllkb{}gnb}`r{knke}, ke fk vkev r{kllk eb pbv k{ pkevky g{ db`ykr{klr{k fcgvk pg{y fklb% Ke fge}ykpby}`k, fk pygfkvv{v b m{y

ks}ynknke} lgea}knpv, i`ke vy% Ke fk r{` fgefkyek ltgl{}`geb{.mkl mk lb t`k c{nbèk, lb vf`kefk ebppgy}k t`mknnke}

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b{f{ek ypgevk% Lb vp`y`}{bl`} m`}, r{be} kllk k} eg}yk Nb}yk lbablknke} bdd`yn r{k, mv r{k lcgnnk b tgl{ tkyv lk v}bmk

v{`tbe}, ltgl{}`ge ykpykem {e fg{yv b{}gnb}`r{k%Eg{v ke tkegev mgef fk}}k fgev}b}b}`ge è}ykvvbe}k r{`l

ks`v}k {e egynk e`tkb{ mtgl{}`ge ke mkvvg{v mk eg{v, mk nnkr{k m`npgy}be}v e`tkb{s mtgl{}`ge b{.mkl mk eg{v% Ke}yk lkvmk{s, eg{v vgnnkv fgèfv mbev {ek vgy}k mk fg{fck g ltgl{}`geek pk{} vk pygm{`yk r{k v` eg{v lk mv`ygev% @l vba`} pg{y bèv` m`ykm{e pàk v`}{ ke}yk mk{s ya`gev i`ke vpbykv k} `l e b r{k lkvnk`llk{yv r{` pbyt`keeke} vke ks}`ypky% T{ vg{v fk} bealk, `l vba`}ablknke} m{ek ya`ge g è}kyt`ke} {ek tgl{}`ge vlkf}`tk k}fkv} eg{v r{` kddkf}{gev fk}}k vlkf}`ge lgyvr{k eg{v fcg`v`vvgevmtgl{ky% @l vknilk mgef r{k lge eg{v b`} mgee lb pgvvì`l`} mkmf`mky v` eg{v tg{lgev tgl{ky g{ ege : fby {ek dg`v lk e`tkb{c{nbè }ybtkyv, lb Eb}{yk ek tk{} pl{v btg`y mk pby}`f`pbe}v r{` ekvg`ke} pbv tglge}b`ykv, kllk ebffkp}k pl{v r{k mkv tglge}b`ykv% Ke fkvkev, `l vba`} mgef m{ek xgek mk vlkf}`ge mg nkyake} vk{lk.nke} fk{s r{` vge} m`vpgvv tgl{ky, lkv b{}ykv v}baeke} k} fge}`.

e{ke} mk }g{yeky ke ygem% Bèv`, }g{} fk pygfkvv{v m{ fflk mk ngy}k} mk ykeb`vvbefk ykt`ke} {e`r{knke} }g{yeky ke ygem h{vr{ fkr{k vk nbe`dkv}k ke eg{v lk mv`y mk eg{v lktky k} r{k eg{v kevgy}`gev mdè`}`tknke}%

Nb`v v` eg{v vgnnkv l`tyv eg{v.nnkv, `l vk pk{} r{k eg{vmknk{y`gev àegybe}v mkv pgvvì`l`}v mtgl{}`ge, mk fk r{k eg{vpg{tgev b}}kèmyk, mkv i{}v r{` v}kemke} mktbe} eg{v% Ke kddk},

mk nnk r{k lb aykeg{`llk b{ dgem m{ p{`}v, eg{v pg{tgev `nba`.eky r{k fkv} l }g{} eg}yk {e`tkyv% Hk pkevk r{k fkv} pg{y fk}}kyb`vge r{k lk Nb}yk t`ke}% @l vknilk r{`l t`keek pg{y eg{v m`yk 8 Ek pkevkx pbv r{`l e b`} r{k fklb : b{vv` nkytk`llk{s r{k fklbp{`vvk }yk, fk ekv} pbv }g{}% Hk ykpyvke}k r{klr{k fcgvk mk ikb{.fg{p pl{v lkt r{k }g{} fk r{k tg{v pg{yykx hbnb`v `nbaèky k} hkv{`v tke{ pg{y tg{v nge}yky mk r{g` `l vba`}, pg{y tg{v pkynk}}ykm bvp`yky k} mk ykfckyfcky nge b`mk bdè m pbytke`y% Fkv}


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r{klr{k fcgvk mk }yv fg{ybe}% Fk ekv} pbv m`dd`f`lk fgnpykemyk,fby pby}`y m{ ngnke} g r{klr{{e b db`} r{klr{k fcgvk, }g{} lk

ngemk kvvb`k mke db`yk b{}be}%]be} r{k pkyvgeek ebtb`} y{vv` kvfblbmky lKtkykv}, ge pkevb`}

r{k f}b`} `npgvvìlk nb`v mv r{{e cgnnk kv} pbytke{, }g{} lkngemk vkv} n`v lkvfblbmky% Lk pykn`ky cgnnk lk db`yk eg{vnge}yk ke r{klr{k vgy}k fk r{` kv} pgvvìlk k} }g{v lkv b{}ykv vkvke}ke} blgyv fbpbilkv m pbytke`y% Ke fk vkev, lkv pg{tg`yv mkltgl{}`ge vge} mh ke eg{v% Fk ekv} pbv r{k eg{v ebgev pbv lkvpg{tg`yv ykr{`v, eg{v btgev vk{lknke} ikvgè m{ek b`mk pg{y lkvgy`ke}ky mbev lb igeek m`ykf}`ge% Fkv} pg{yr{g` hk eb` hbnb`vbffkp} l`mk r{k lk pg{tg`y vg`} efkvvb`yk pg{y tgl{ky% Lk db`} r{klb }ybevn`vv`ge vg`} mfy`}k fgnnk {ek dgyfk vbev dgyfk, {e pg{tg`yvbev pg{tg`y, k}f%, kv} mb`llk{yv l{e mkv pl{v ikb{s fgefkp}v m{Vbcbh Nbya% @l kv} efkvvb`yk mk abymky fkf` lkvpy`} fby, mk egv hg{yv,ge }yg{tk ikb{fg{p mk vv}nkv }yb`}be} g{ vk vkytbe} mk pg{tg`y%Lk pl{v `npgy}be} ke @emk kv}, i`ke vy, fkl{` r{k lge egnnk lb tg`kmk lb vcbj}`% @l kv} i`ke fgee{ r{k lb pl{pby} mkv bmkp}kv mk }klv

vv}nkv big{}`vvke} i`ke b{}yk fcgvk r{k lb vp`y`}{bl`}%

V` lge fgev`myk pyvke} lb pgvvì`l`} mtgl{}`ge mkp{`v lke`tkb{ c{nbè h{vr{ l}bpk dèblk, l ks`v}k pl{v`k{yv v}bmkv% Eg}ykNb}yk b bdd`yn r{{ek dg`v lìyv, tg{v mktykx t`tyk mb{}ykv}bpkv mtgl{}`ge btbe} mb}}kèmyk lk i{}% @l b }g{}kdg`v ev`v} v{y lkdb`} r{`l kv} pgvvìlk mbllky m`ykf}knke} b{ i{} {l}`nk% Lk e`tkb{ mklb lìyb}`ge, v` lkt vg`}.`l, ekv} mgef pbv lk i{} mk lb pyb}`r{k m{

Vbcbh Nbya fby, fgnnk hk tg{v lb` m`} lb{}yk hg{y, v` tg{v fgev`mykxltgl{}`ge fgnnk {e byiyk, `l b mkv iybefckv, nb`v kllkv ykv}ke} mkviybefckv% Fkf` eg{v kv} fged`yn pby lkv pc`lgvgpc`kv èm`keekv,p{`vr{k nnk lkv vg`.m`vbe} m`k{s mg`tke} yktke`y vg{v dgynkc{nbèk pg{y pbytke`y mk eg{tkb{ lk{y mkv}èb}`ge dèblk% Fkf` kv}kspl`r{ }yv flb`yknke} mbev }g{}k lb l`}}yb}{yk vp`y`}{kllk èm`keek%

B fk pygpgv, fkf` kv} kefgyk {ek yb`vge pg{y lbr{kllk `l kv} d{}`lk

mk py`ky mk }klv m`k{s fby, v`lv vge} k{s.nnkv gilàv mk yktke`y`f`, fgnnke} pg{yyb`ke}.`lv eg{v b`mky 7 Fkv} pg{y fklb r{k lk


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Nb}yk kspl`r{k mbev Lb Ybl`} lB{ik #2) r{k fkv m`k{s ek vge} r{klkv dgef}`geeb`ykv mk lb Eb}{yk : }klv lkv ykvpgevbilkv mk t`llbakv, mk

t`llkv g{ nnk mk pbv, `lv lk vge} pg{y {e fky}bè }knpv, btbe} mkyktke`y ke }be} r{k v`nplkv f`}gkev% B{vv`, Ibi{h` eg{v nk}.`lya{l`yknke} ke abymk fge}yk lbmgyb}`ge mk }klv m`k{s% @lv vge} kefcbyak mk dgef}`gev pg{y lkvr{kllkv `lv vge} fgnp}ke}v, nb`v lk{yfgnp}kefk ek tb pbv b{.mkl% Fkv} pg{yr{g` Ibi{h` eg{v ykfgn.nbemk, v` lge mg`} py`ky, mk py`ky l[l}`nk r{` kv} vbev egn, vbevdgynk, r{` eb b{f{ek r{bl`}, b{f{e pg{tg`y, y`ke% _bv nnk mkpg{tg`y, tgkx.tg{v "

@l pk{} vknilky }ybeak mbtg`y py`ky fkl{` r{` kv} vbev pg{tg`y,nb`v eg{v mktgev eg{v vg{tke`y r{k fkl{` r{` b m{ pg{tg`y g{ r{`kv} p{`vvbe} pk{} mktke`y `np{`vvbe}, fkv}..m`yk r{`l kv} mbev {e}b} èv}bilk% _by fgevr{ke}, {e m`k{ r{` b mkv r{bl`}v, b{vv`lktkv g{ }kem{kv vg`ke}.kllkv, vk }yg{tk mbev {ek fgem`}`geèv}bilk k} ege mbev lb fgem`}`ge }kyekllk% [e b{}yk dbf}k{y `npgy.}be} kv} r{k fkv m`k{s vge} k{s.nnkv `vv{v mk fk}}k vg{yfk }kyekllkr{` kv} vbev egn, vbev dgynk, vbev pg{tg`y, vbev r{bl`}% B{vv`,

eg}yk i{} kv}.`l fk} [l}`nk r{k Ibi{h` egnnk lk Fke}yk, fby `l e bpl{v blgyv mk eg}`ge mk pg{tg`y g{ b{}yk pg{y eg{v pky}{yiky%R{bem ge pbylk m{e M`k{, ge pkevk b{s pg{tg`yv, nb`v lgyvr{klge pbylk m{ Fke}yk, }g{}kv fkv fgeeg}b}`gev m`vpbyb`vvke}%

_g{y ke yktke`y Ibi{h`, eg}gev fk db`} è}ykvvbe} 8 f}b`} {e }ykc{nbè vbev y`ke r{k lge p{`vvk fgev`myky fgnnk m{ pg{tg`y% @le}b`} pbv }yv èv}y{`}% @l eb pbvv r{k v`s g{ vkp} bev lfglk,

fgnnk `l eg{v lk ybppklb`} vg{tke}% @l ebtb`} pbv lk pg{tg`y mklbyake}, mk lèdl{kefk g{ mk lb pgv`}`ge vgf`blk% @l ebtb`} pbv ege pl{vmk dgyfk pcv`r{k% Eg{v lbtgev }g{v t{ k} eg{v vbtgev r{k f}b`} {ecgnnk pk}`}, dylk, bvvkx dbìlk k} }yv vg{tke} nblbmk% @l e}b`} mgefpbv r{kv}`ge pg{y l{` mk pg{tg`yv pcv`r{kv% Btbe} mk ykefge}ykyIbi{h` pg{y lb pykn`yk dg`v, hk n}b`v db`} {ek `nbak mk fk r{k mktb`}


94

vgnnb`yk

#2) EM] 8 p{il` mbev lg{tybak {tykv fgnpl}kv, lk Vbcbh Nbya {ekeg{tkllk }ybm`}`ge vp`y`}{kllk, }gnk @, Ybn Fcbemyb, m`}`ge VYFN%


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}yk {e nb}yk k} hk v{`v fky}bè r{k eg{v eg{v vgnnkv }g{v db`} mk}kllkv `ll{v`gev% B{vv`, lgyvr{k hk lb` t{ pg{y lb pykn`yk dg`v, fk d{}

pg{y ng` {ek ty`}bilk mfkp}`ge nb`v ke ydlfc`vvbe} pl{v }bym, hb`fgnpy`v r{`l }b`} efkvvb`yk pg{y l{` mbtg`y {ek }kllk bppbykefk% Kekddk}, }g{} bffgnpl`vvknke} c{nbè, ge bvvgf`k {e pg{tg`y g{lb{}yk% V` tg{v ykefge}ykx r{klr{{e r{` vkv} db`} fgev}y{`yk {eknb`vge g{ r{` b bfck} {ek tg`}{yk, tg{v m`}kv 8 I`ke vy, `l pk{} lkdb`yk, `l kv} y`fck% Mk fkl{` r{` b kvfblbm lk Nb}}kycgye g{ r{` b}ybtkyv lb Nbefck lb ebak, ge m`} 8 I`ke vy, `l kv} dgy} k} p{`vvbe}% Lk db`} mbvvgf`ky lb y{vv`}k g{ lbffgnpl`vvknke} {e mkv pg{tg`yvmge} eg{v m`vpgvgev kv} mktke{ fckx lcgnnk ege vk{lknke} {ek`mk, nb`v r{klr{k fcgvk mk pygdgemnke} befy ke eg{v%

B pyvke}, vggev fky}bèv r{k lb y{vv`}k mbev lbtke}{yk vp`y`.}{kllk ek mpkem mb{f{e pg{tg`y c{nbè% Lk Vbcbh Nbya vk tk{}{e vv}nk {e`tkyvkl r{` pk{} }yk pyb}`r{ pby }g{v fk{s r{` lkvg{cb`}ke}% Fklb vàe`d`k r{k }g{} }yk c{nbè, r{`l vg`} èv}y{`} g{ege, p{`vvbe} g{ ege, bp}k pcv`r{knke} g{ ege, y`fck g{ ege, kv}fbpbilk m pbytke`y% Ke db`}, fk vv}nk mg`} pg{tg`y }yk n`v ke

pyb}`r{k pby {ek pkyvgeek r{` eb e` èv}y{f}`ge, e` byake}, e` dgyfkpcv`r{k, e` f{l}{yk, y`ke% Fkv} fk}}k ty`} r{k lk Nb}yk eg{v bpyg{tk }ybtkyv vb pygpyk pkyvgeek k} hk v{`v pkyv{bm r{k tg{vbtkx vyknke} ykvvke}` fk r{k hb` ykvvke}` ke tgbe} lk Nb}yk 8 v`l{` pk{} lk db`yk, hk pk{s lk db`yk b{vv`% Fkv} pyf`vnke} pg{y tk`llkyke eg{v fk} }b} mkvpy`} k} fk}}k fged`befk r{`l b m bmgp}ky fkngmk mk t`k k} lb dgynk pcv`r{k r{`l btb`} kemgvvk%

Fkf` kv} {e pgè} fbp`}bl 8 lkv }ykv c{nbèv eke}ykpykemyge} y`kev`lv ege} pbv lbvv{ybefk mk pg{tg`y y{vv`y k} f}b`} lk fg{p mknb}yk m{ Nb}yk fby v`l }b`} tke{ vg{v lb dgynk m{e cgnnkaybem, y`fck, p{`vvbe} k} èdl{ke}, eg{v b{y`gev m`} 8 I`ke vy, l{`pk{} lk db`yk, nb`v ng` 7 Eg{v vgnnkv ke pyvkefk m{ pcegnekv{`tbe} 8 fkl{` r{k eg{v fgev`mygev fgnnk lk pl{v lkt b py`v lbdgynk lb pl{v c{nilk pg{y eg{v a{`mky h{vr{ l{`% Hk pkevk r{k vgepl{v aybem bf}k mk aeygv`} b } ege vk{lknke} mk tke`y eg{v ke

}be} r{}yk c{nbè, nb`v b{vv` mk ykt}`y fk}}k dgynk mbev lbr{kllk l


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b m }be} vg{ddy`y, {e`r{knke} pg{y eg{v pyg{tky fkf` 8 Nblay}g{}k nb dbìlkvvk, }g{}k nb vg{ddybefk k} }g{}k nb pb{tyk}, hk v{`v

fk r{k hk v{`v% Fkf`, tg{v pg{tkx ablknke} lk mktke`y% Vb mk{s`nk lkge kv} lb v{`tbe}k 8 V` tg{v tg{lkx }yk

fbpbilkv mk db`yk lk }ybtb`l fgnnk hk lk db`v, tg{v b{vv`, tg{v mktkx}yk v`nplkv% B{vv` m`vb`}.`l 8 Vgkx v`nplkv k} ke cbynge`k btkflb Eb}{yk% Bèv`, `l eg{v b nge}y pby vb t`k pcv`r{k k} vgf`blk,fk r{}b`} lk e`tkb{ mks`v}kefk lk pl{v ibv k} pby vb t`k vp`y`}{kllkè}y`k{yk fk r{k pk{} }yk lk e`tkb{ vp`y`}{kl lk pl{v lkt% Fkf`#nge}ybe} lk ibv) kv} mkv}è eg{v nkeky fklb #nge}ybe} lkcb{})% ]g{} fklb pg{y eg{v kevkàeky r{}be} fkf`, ge pk{} mktk.e`y fklb% Fkv} pyf`vnke} fk r{` db`} m{ Vbcbh Nbya {e vv}nk{e`tkyvkllknke} bppl`fbilk%

Vge kevkàeknke} k} fkv} {e b{}yk bvpkf} mk vb ikb{} ekykr{`ky} mk eg}yk pby} b{f{ek fgnp}kefk vpf`d`r{k pg{y }yk n`vke pyb}`r{k% _g{y db`yk m{ cb}cb.gab, lkv ksàkefkv pcv`r{kv vge}egniyk{vkv% _g{y db`yk m{ hebeb.gab, `l eg{v db{} mkv dbf{l}v

è}kllkf}{kllkv ks}ybgymèb`ykv% _g{y db`yk mkv }bpbvbv {ek bvfvkfgnnk tg{v lbppklkx `l db{} {ek kem{ybefk ksfkp}`geekllk r{kpk{ m}ykv c{nbèv pgvvmke}% Ikb{fg{p mk vv}nkv m{ pbvv}b`ke} yvkytv b{s cgnnkv k} pykvr{k }g{v lkv vv}nkv m{ pbvvk} kefgyk ikb{fg{p mk fk{s mb{hg{ymc{`, vge} yvkytv b{s fl`.ib}b`ykv% Ikb{fg{p mke}yk k{s ksàke} mk pby}`y mbev lb h{ealk, fkr{` `npl`r{k {ek egynk ykegef`b}`ge k} efkvv`}k {e fg{ybak r{kege} pbv lb pl{pby} mkv }ykv c{nbèv r{bem `lv fgnnkefke} lk{y

pyb}`r{k% Mk vgy}k r{k, nblck{yk{vknke}, i`ke r{k mkv vv}nkvks`v}ke} mkp{`v mkv }knpv `nnngy`b{s, pk{ mk akev ge} p{ lkvpyb}`r{ky fby `lv eke }b`ke} pbv fbpbilkv%

Fk ekv} pbv r{k, mbev lk pbvv, lkv akev eb`ke} pbv } m`vpgvv tgl{ky, nb`v `lv e}b`ke} pbv fbpbilkv mbmgp}ky fkv vv}nkv k}fkv m`vf`plèkv yàg{yk{vkv% Fkv} mb`llk{yv lb yb`vge pg{y lbr{kllkfkv vv}nkv ge} fcg{% R{kllk kv} l{}`l`} mk vv}nkv r{`l kv}

`npgvvìlk mk nk}}yk ke pyb}`r{k 7 B{vv` gvkyb`v.hk m`yk r{k lc{nb.


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e`} b m b}}kemyk r{k Ybn Fcbemyb t`keek eg{v mgeeky {e vv.}nk r{k }g{v p{`vvke} nk}}yk ke pyb}`r{k, vbev b{f{ek m`dd`f{l}%

Fkv}..m`yk r{k, pby lk pbvv, eg{v bt`gev lb igeek tglge}, nb`vege lb fgnp}kefk pg{y pyb}`r{ky% B{hg{ymc{`, eg{v btgev lbigeek tglge} k} lb fcbefk mbtg`y {e vv}nk r{` ek ykr{`ky}b{f{ek fgnp}kefk mk eg}yk pby}% Fkv} pg{y fklb r{k lge m`} mbevlk Vbcbh Nbya k} lk Nb}yk l{`.nnk lb m`} i`ke mkv dg`v 8 R{kllkkv} lb vk{lk fgem`}`ge ykr{`vk pg{y fgnnkefky lkv bicbv 7[e`r{knke} eg}yk ige tg{lg`y%

Fkf` eg{v nek lb fbybf}y`v}`r{k lb pl{v `npgy}be}k m{ VbcbhNbya 8 lk ylk m{ A{y{% Eg{v ebtgev ikvgè mb{f{ek fgnp}kefke` mb{f{ek r{bl`}, pyf`vnke} pbyfk r{k fk A{y{ b }g{} fk r{` kv}efkvvb`yk pg{y eg{v lktky h{vr{ l{`% @l kv} `npgy}be} mk eg}kyr{k, nnk mbev lb l`}}yb}{yk tm`r{k, `l kv} pykvfy`} b{ m`vf`plkmbllky nm`}ky k} fkl{`.f` nm`}k m{ybe} tèa}, r{bybe}k g{ fè.r{be}k bev btbe} mk yk}g{yeky fckx lka{y{% B vge yk}g{y, `l ybppgy}kb{ a{y{ fk r{`l b mfg{tky} ayfk vb pyb}`r{k% Fkl{`.f` l{` m`} 8 ]yv i`ke, nm`}kx kefgyk pkembe} tèa} bev% K} fkf` vk ykpygm{`}

kefgyk k} kefgyk, fk r{` vàe`d`k r{k lb`mk k} lbvv`v}befk m{a{y{ b{m`vf`plk vge} nè`nkv% Lk{y ylk vk l`n`}b`} m`yk 8 _yb}`r{kx% Fk{s mke}yk tg{v r{` vg{cb`}ke} ty`d`ky fkv bdd`ynb}`gev ege}r{ vk ydyky l{ek mkv [pbe`vcbmv pg{y mfg{ty`y r{`l ke }b`}bèv`% [ek mkv c`v}g`ykv lkv pl{v fliykv nge}yk r{kl pgè} {e }klvv}nk pk{} vbtyky }yba`r{k% Fkllk.f` ybfge}k fgnnke} l{e mkvèmybv l{e mkv dgef}`geeb`ykv fgvn`r{kv k} {ek pkyvgeek r{k lgepg{tb`} r{bl`d`ky mk mnge`br{k #ty`}yb), vk ykem`yke} kevknilk fckx

{ea{y{ pg{y ykfktg`y vge kevkàeknke}% Lka{y{ lk{y kevkàeb r{klk fgypv kv} lb fcgvk {l}`nk p{`vr{k fkv} ke l{` r{k lnk vkv} èfbyek,r{kllk t`} k} r{k fkv} pby l{` r{kllk pk{} b}}kèmyk vb mkv}èb}`ge%Lk fgypv kv} pby fgevr{ke} fk r{`l b mk pl{v lkt% Lèm`t`m{mnge`br{k d{} vb}`vdb`}% F}b`} {e aybem yg`% @l vk pbyb mk }g{v vkvhgb{s k} bllb bmn`yky vge ykdlk} mbev lk p{`}v% _{`v `l vk m`} 8 G{`, lka{y{ b yb`vge% Vb vp`y`}{bl`} vbyy}b l% Bèv` lb ykvpgevbi`l`} mk lbpyb}`r{k k} m{ pygayv ykpgvb`}.kllk v{y lk m`vf`plk k} ege v{y lka{y{%


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Mbev lk Vbcbh Nbya, lb ykvpgevbi`l`} mk lb pyb}`r{k eg{v bppby.}`ke}, fkllk m{ pygayv ykt`ke} b{ Nb}yk% Hk ek pkevk pbv r{{e

vv}nk mk fk}}k eb}{yk b`} hbnb`v ks`v} b{pbybtbe}% Lk vkfgemdbf}k{y, mbev lk Vbcbh Nbya, kv} r{k lk Nb}yk ek m`} hbnb`v 8 Fkv}i`ke% @l m`} 8 G{`, bllkx mk lbtbe}% Fkf` ekv} r{k lk mi{} mk lbvp`y`}{bl`}% Fk{s mke}yk tg{v r{` ge} l{ lkv l`tykv m{ Nb}yk k} kepby}`f{l`ky Tkyv l@edè` #2), ge} p{ fgev}b}ky r{ fcbr{k pgè}, `l m`} 8 Fkv} {ek fgem`}`ge r{k nnk lkv m`k{s ege} pbv b}}kè}k, fk ekv}ebengèv r{k lk mi{} mk lb vp`y`}{bl`}% K} fk{s pbyn` tg{v r{`ge} l{ vge mkye`ky g{tybak, B{}gi`gaybpc`k m{ Nb}yk #9), ge} p{ kebtg`y lb fged`ynb}`ge mbev pykvr{k }g{}kv lkv pcybvkv m{ l`tyk%

Lgyvr{k hb` fgnnkef lb pyb}`r{k ke 204=, 204;, fklb nbtb`}pl{}} mfg{yba% Hk nk mknbemb`v r{kllk vp`y`}{bl`} pg{tb`} tg{vnkeky mk }klv vgnnk}v k} e}yk fkpkembe} r{k lk pgè} mk mpby}%G vk }yg{tk lb dè 7 Fkv}, m`ygev.eg{v, {ek mkv l`n`}b}`gev m{ nke}blc{nbè r{k mk fgev`myky r{k }g{}k fcgvk mg`} btg`y {e mi{} k}{ek dè% Lk Vbcbh Nbya, r{be} l{`, vgppgvk fk}}k eg}`gec{nbèk }yv fg{ybe}k ke bdd`ynbe} lb fcgvk v{`tbe}k 8 Lk mi{}

vk }yg{tk l g tg{v }kv, lb dè vk }yg{tk l g HK V[@V, fkv}..m`ykl@edè` " Eg{v btgev mgef mk{s fbybf}y`v}`r{kv è}ykvvbe}kv 8 lbpykn`yk kv} r{k lk l`tyk vè}`}{lk Tkyv l@edè` #2), lb vkfgemk kv} r{knnk Lblbh` kv} kefgyk ke }ybè mk ebaky mbev lGfbe mk ib}`}{mkke m`ykf}`ge m{ Fke}yk% [e }yg`v`nk dbf}k{y nge}yk lks}ybgym`.eb`yk aeygv`} m{ Nb}yk mk eg}yk Nb}yk, r{` blgyv nnk r{`lebak tkyv lk Fke}yk }ybevnk} vge bffgnpl`vvknke} vp`y`}{kl vgev{ffkvvk{y, eg}yk Ibi{h` Nbcbybh% Eb}{ykllknke}, fk}}k aeygv`}

ekv} pbv r{klr{k fcgvk mk }yv `npgy}be}% Lkv nb}ykv vge} fkevv}yk aeyk{s, i`ke vy% R{kllk lkge `npgy}be}k pg{tgev.eg{vblgyv }`yky m{ db`} r{k lgyvr{k Lblbh` bfr{`ky} {e ny`}k vp`y`}{kl, `llk }ybevdyk kev{`}k vge m`vf`plk 7 R{kllk lkge `npgy}be}k pg{.tgev.eg{v ke }`yky 7 Fkv} r{klr{k fcgvk r{k eg{v mktgev plkèk.


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#9) EM] 8 {tykv fgnpl}kv, b{}gi`gaybpc`k, }gnk @@@, Ybn Fcbemyb, m`}`geVYFN%


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nke} bvv`n`lky 8 fk} bffgnpl`vvknke} ekv} pbv l` lbfr{`v`}`ge mkr{g` r{k fk vg`}% _k{}.}yk kv}.fk b{vv` pg{y fk}}k yb`vge r{k Ibi{h`

kv} tke{ vbev b{f{e pg{tg`y, b{f{ek y`fckvvk k} b{f{ek èv}y{f.}`ge, fby fk vge} ablknke} mkv fcgvkv bfr{`vkv%

Bèv`, {e cgnnk pk{}.`l mnbyyky fk}}k btke}{yk m`tèk vbevy`ke pgvvmky k} vbev y`ke bfr{y`y% B{ d{y k} nkv{yk mk vge mtk.lgppknke} g{ mk vge btbefknke}, `l bfr{`ky} mkv fcgvkv r{`l ekv}pbv b{}gy`v fgevkytky, nb`v r{`l mg`} }g{}kv yk}ybevdyky% Fkf`pg{y lb yb`vge kvvke}`kllk r{k }g{}k pgvvkvv`ge nek lagvnk,lbyygabefk k} lgya{k`l% Mk pl{v, fkv bfr{`v mkt`keeke} mkv pg`mvr{k eg{v ek pg{tgev pbv knnkeky mbev eg}yk pygaykvv`ge tkyv lkFke}yk% Blgyv, r{kv}.fk r{k lb dè 7 Fkv} lb d{v`ge mbev fk Fke}ykr{` eb y`ke, e` pg{tg`yv, e` b}}yì{}v, y`ke m{ }g{}%

Fckyv dyykv k} v{yv, eg{v btgev mbev lk Vbcbh Nbya {e vv}nk{e`r{k, r{k e`npgy}k r{kl }yk c{nbè, g r{`l t`tk, pk{} pyb}`.r{ky% @l ekv} ikvgè mk y`ke pg{y lk pyb}`r{ky v` fk ekv} mk igeektglge}% Fk vv}nk eg{v gddyk {ek pyb}`r{k v`nplk, }yv dbf`lk% Lk

Nb}yk pykem v{y l{` lb ykvpgevbi`l`} mk eg{v bnkeky b{ i{}, ayfk lb r{b}y`nk aybemk fbybf}y`v}`r{k m{ Vbcbh Nbya 8 lb }ybevn`vv`ge%

Eg{v ke btgev ikb{fg{p ke}kem{ pbylky% Ke}yk b{}ykv fcgvkv,r{k fkv} l{}`l`vb}`ge mk lekya`k m`tèk pg{y lb }ybevdgynb}`ge mklcgnnk nb`v }g{v fkv pygpgv ek nge} hbnb`v fgetbèf{ g{ pl{}},ege} hbnb`v }g{fc nge f{y% Ke kddk}, fcbf{ek mk fkv mylkvm`mkv fgnpgy}k lb eg}`ge mk }ybevdky} mk r{klr{k fcgvk m{ Nb}yk

eg{v% Fklb mgeek {ek `nbak layknke} }ygnpk{vk m{ Vbcbh Nbya%Blgyv, r{kv}.fk r{` kv} ykllknke} }ybevn`v 7 K} pg{yr{g` 7

[e hg{y, h}b`v vk{l btkf lk Nb}yk% @l }b`} nè{`} k} lb e{`} }b`}}yv dyg`mk Vcbchbcbep{y% Ibi{h` }b`} ècbi`}{kllknke} nb{vvbmkk} bddlà pby lkv pygayv ybl`vv pby lkv bicbv`v% @l m`} èf`mknnke}r{klr{k fcgvk mge} hk ek ybl`vb` pbv lb vàe`d`fb}`ge v{y lk ngnke} 8 Lkv akev m`vke} r{k M`k{ kv} bng{y k} fkv} tyb`% Fkpkembe}, r{bem

M`k{ t`ke} eg{v, eg{v ek vgnnkv pbv m`vpgvv ykfktg`y vgebng{y% Ikb{fg{p pl{v }bym, hk fgnpy`v r{k fk} bng{y pg{tb`} i`ke


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}yk lb }ybevn`vv`ge% Fkv} lbng{y r{k M`k{ b pg{y eg{v r{` kv}}ybevn`v k} fkv} fk} bng{y r{` eg{v db`} aybem`y% Hk p{v blgyv

ypgemyk {ek r{kv}`ge `npgy}be}k 8 _g{yr{g`, mbev lk VbcbhNbya, e b.}.`l pbv mk m`vf`plèk gilàb}g`yk 7 Fkv} pbyfk r{klbng{y ek pk{} pbv ksàky, e` gilàky% Lbng{y pk{} v{vf`}ky% Fkv}pg{yr{g` nnk lkv m`s nbs`nkv eg{v èm`r{ke} vk{lknke} fk r{`lfget`ke} mk db`yk k} eg{v lb`vvke} lìykv mk lk db`yk lgyvr{k eg{v btgevmtklgpp v{dd`vbnnke} mbng{y pg{y lk Nb}yk k} pg{y eg}yk i{}%

_by fgevr{ke}, hk fyg`v r{k lk Vbcbh Nbya kv} {e vv}nk r{` b {eA{y{ c{nbè pygnk}}be} mb}}kèmyk lk i{} m`tè ayfk {ek tg`k mkybl`vb}`ge c{nbèk% Eg}yk Nb}yk kv} lk ykdlk} mk fkv }yg`v bvpkf}vmbev vge ks`v}kefk% I`ke r{k mkvvkefk m`tèk, l vk pyvke}k vg{v {ekdgynk c{nbèk% @l vgff{pk m}ykv c{nbèv m{ek nbe`yk }yvc{nbèk btkf {e bng{y c{nbè k} eg{v ltk h{vr{ l{`%

Nkyf`%


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Tgyb{d, lk 6 h{`llk} 2034

Fk nb}è, hb` vg{mbè mfg{tky} r{b{ fg{yv mkv }yg`v m`vfg{yvr{k hb` db`}v v{y lk Nb}yk k} v{y vge ylk mbev ltgl{}`ge c{nbèk,hk eb` pbv pbyl mk fk r{k eg{v mkty`gev db`yk btkf eg}yk Nb}yk%Nge Nb}yk b m`} r{k fkv} l{` #pgè}be} lk cb{}) r{` kv} lk ty`}bilkNb}yk k} r{k }g{v lkv nb}ykv èfbyev ek vge} r{k vkv ykpyvke.}be}v% Bèv`, mbev vb dgynk }kyekllk, M`k{ eg{v kv} }g{hg{yv m`vpg.eìlk nb`v, m{ db`} r{k lk nke}bl c{nbè ek pk{} pbv bppyf`ky

l}yk `ll`n`}, èdè`, vbev dgynk, eg{v ek vgnnkv pbv fbpbilkvm{}`l`vky M`k{ m`ykf}knke}% [e hg{y, r{klr{{e mknbemb ngeNb}yk h{vr{g pg{tb`} pygaykvvky {e bicbv` ke py`be} M`k{ m`ykf.}knke}% Lk Nb}yk ypgem`} r{k lge pk{} pygaykvvky btkf lb pl{vaybemk m`dd`f{l} h{vr{b{ mk{s`nk pgè} mk lb ya`ge m{ f{y,bppkl ya`ge mk lb}nb g{ lb}nb.fcbjyb, k}, vklge nge Nb}yk, v`lge v{`} lkv yalkv lkv pl{v v}y`f}kv mk }bpbvb #bvfvk), fklb pykemr{bybe}k.fèr bev nb`v fk r{` kv} pl{v è}ykvvbe}, fkv} r{k pg{y

pbvvky m{ mk{s`nk pgè} b{ }yg`v`nk pgè}, `l db{myb`} r{bybe}k.fèr dg`v fk lbpv mk }knpv, vg`} mk{s n`llk tèa}.fèr bev "

Fkf` nge}yk mk{s fcgvkv è}ykvvbe}kv 8 lb pykn`yk kv} fgni`ke`l kv} m`dd`f`lk mbtbefky vbev lb`mk m{e nb}yk : lb mk{s`nk kefgyk pl{v è}ykvvbe}k kv} r{k, v` tg{v fgev`mykx l}kem{k mk lbt`k c{nbèk, b{vv` lgea{k r{kllk p{`vvk btg`y }, nnk lpgr{kbppklk b}lbe}keek, h{vr{ r{kl pgè} lkv nb}ykv m{ pbvv ge}.`lv

p{ ty`}bilknke} pygaykvvky 7 Fkv} {ek fcgvk lbr{kllk eg{vmkty`gev }g{v ydlfc`y% @l ek vba`} pbv mk nber{ky mk ykvpkf}

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ketkyv lkv aybemv }ykv m{ pbvv, fby `lv btb`ke} }g{} fk r{` kv} efkv.vb`yk {e pbydb`} bicbv` 8 `lv btb`ke} lb mtg}`ge, `lv btb`ke} lb dg` k}

`lv btb`ke} l`nnkevk fg{ybak mk nk}}yk }g{}k lk{y t`k b{ vkyt`fk mklk{y pyb}`r{k nb`v `l lk{y nber{b`} llnke} bivgl{nke} kvvke}`kl 8{e nb}yk mketkya{yk " Lketkya{yk kv} llnke} lk pl{v `npgy}be}fby ikb{fg{p mk akev vè}`}{lke} nb}yk nb`v eg{v ykfckyfcgev {enb}yk m{ek ketkya{yk }kllk r{`l p{`vvk eg{v bnkeky h{vr{l[l}`nk% Fkv} lb fcgvk lb pl{v `npgy}be}k fgev`myky%

Hbdd`ynk fkv fcgvkv mbpyv lkv pygpykv givkytb}`gev m{ Nb}ykfgefkyebe} lkv aybemv }ykv m{ pbvv fby, lgyvr{k lge mknbemb`} Ibi{h` r{kllk }b`} lb pkyvgeek lb pl{v cb{}knke} mtklgppk, `lypgemb`} Jbi`y% @l }b`} fkev }yk mbev lk vk`x`nk fkyflk m{vfcnb r{` ke fgnpgy}k tèa}.}yg`v% R{bem ge l{` pgvb`} lb r{kv.}`ge pygpgv mkv b{}ykv aybemv y`vc`v m{ pbvv, `l vk fge}ke}b`} mkvg{y`yk k} abymb`} lk v`lkefk% Bèv`, fk r{k hkvvb`k mk db`yk ykvvgy}`y,fkv} r{k egv pygpykv kddgy}v vk{lv vge} èvàe`d`be}v fby, v` lkv pl{vaybemv y`vc`v m{ pbvv ge} n`v }g{}k lk{y t`k b{ vkyt`fk mk lk{ypyb}`r{k mk gab vbev y`ke b}}kèmyk r{` tb`llk lb pkèk m}yk

nke}`gee b{hg{ymc{`, r{k pg{tgev.eg{v kvpyky b}}kèmyk 7Mgef, lk Nb}yk kv} ege vk{lknke} llnke} lk pl{v `npgy}be} mkeg}yk pyb}`r{k, nb`v `l kv} pk{}.}yk llnke} mk eg}yk pyb}`r{k%B{vv`, lgyvr{k eg{v btgev {e nb}yk, mkty`gev.eg{v bppykemyk l{}`l`vky, vège vb pyvkefk ek eg{v kv} mb{f{ek {}`l`}%

B {e b{}yk ngnke}, hb` m`} r{{e nb}yk }b`} {e bake} mk fcbe.aknke}% Vge ylk, ke kddk}, ykvvknilk dgy} fkl{` m{e fb}blvk{y

mbev {ek ybf}`ge fc`n`r{k% Lb ybf}`ge ek pk{} pbv btg`y l`k{ vbevfb}blvk{y, nb`v lk fb}blvk{y l{`.nnk ek vk }yg{tk pbv ngm`d`% @fèg{v btgev {ek fgefkp}`ge bivgl{nke} ks}ybgymèb`yk m{ nb}ykfgnnk fb}blvk{y fby, r{klv vge} lkv mk{s lnke}v mk lb ybf}`ge 7L{e kv} l}yk c{nbè btkf vge bvp`yb}`ge èm`t`m{kllk k} lb{}yk kv}lk M`tè mbev vge bvpkf} {l}`nk k} lkv mk{s mg`tke} vbvvknilkypg{y dgynky {e vk{l fgnpgv% Gy, lk fb}blvk{y ekv} b{}yk r{k fknnk M`k{ vg{v vb dgynk {l}`nk, mkvfkem{ vg{v dgynk c{nbèk

pg{y eg{v b`mky eg{v bvvgf`ky btkf l{` mbev vb dgynk biv}yb`}k,pg{y eg{v b`mky d{v`geeky btkf l{`% M`k{ hg{k mgef mk{s ylkv 8 lk


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pykn`ky ke }be} r{k M`k{ btkf lkr{kl eg{v mktgev d{v`geeky k} lkvkfgem ke }be} r{k M`k{, lk nb}yk, r{` eg{v b`mk d{v`geeky btkf

l{`.nnk% Ge ykfgeeb} bèv` lk db`} r{k lb d{v`ge btkf lk M`tè kv}`npgvvìlk vbev {e nb}yk% Fk}}k ty`} kv} yp}k vbev yklfck pbylk Nb}yk mbev lb l`}}yb}{yk m{ Vbcbh Nbya% Eg{v pg{tgev ikl k}i`ke eg{v pbvvky mk M`k{ fkv} fk r{k eg{v btgev db`} mkp{`v mkvn`ll`kyv mbeekv% Fkv} fk r{k eg{v btgev db`} pkembe} }g{}kv egvt`kv% Fk}}k bdd`ynb}`ge pg{yyb`} pbyb}yk pykvr{k ilbvpcnb}g`yk :lkv pkyvgeekv r{` ge} {ek gy`ke}b}`ge yklà`k{vk ek lbffkp}kyge}fky}bèknke} pbv, nb`v fkpkembe} fkv} {e db`}%

Mgef, v` eg{v tg{lgev r{k l@edè` Bivgl{ l{`.nnk eg{v vg`}mk r{klr{k {}`l`}, eg{v btgev ikvgè m{e nb}yk pg{y eg{v tk`l.lky vge ks`v}kefk k} pg{y eg{v nk}}yk ke fge}bf} btkf l{`% Fkv}pg{yr{g` lkv Vcbv}ybv cèmg{v pbylke} m{ nb}yk fgnnk mk M`k{%@lv m`vke} r{`l e b pbv mb{}yk M`k{ r{k lk nb}yk% @l b, i`ke vy,mk egniyk{s cnekv tm`r{kv r{` fliyke} lk nb}yk ke }be} r{kIybcnb, ke }be} r{k T`vceg{, ke }be} r{k Vc`tb, ke }be} r{kl[l}`nk l{`.nnk% Ibi{h` m`vb`} }g{hg{yv r{k M`k{ kv} l`n`}, lk

M`k{ {l}`nk kv} l`n`}, fby `l ek pk{} pbv fyky {e b{}yk }yk }kl r{kl{` " Fk e}b`} pbv {ek plb`vbe}ky`k% Ibi{h` y`b`} r{bem `l m`vb`} fkf`,nb`v fk e}b`} pbv {ek plb`vbe}ky`k nb`v lgyvr{k fk nnk M`k{mkvfkem mbev {ek dgynk c{nbèk ke }be} r{k nb}yk, `l pk{} blgyvfyky b{}be} m}ykv vknilbilkv l{` r{`l lk vg{cb`}k% Tg`f` mgef {emk fkv db`}v }geebe}v k} èfgnpyckevìlkv 8 lk M`k{ èdè` kv}l`n`}, blgyv r{k lk nb}yk dè` kv} `ll`n`}% _g{y ke yktke`y lb r{kv.}`ge mk lb py`yk, tg`f` kefgyk {ek yb`vge pg{y lbr{kllk eg{v

mkty`gev py`ky lk nb}yk k} ege pbv M`k{%

Hk v{`v mgef fky}bè r{k eg{v ybl`vgev nbè}kebe} l`npgy}befkm{}`l`vky fgyykf}knke} lk Nb}yk lgyvr{`l kv} pyvke} pbyn` eg{v%Fgnnk hk lb` m`} mbev lk pykn`ky m`vfg{yv v{y lk Nb}yk, `l eg{vkevkàek }yg`v e`tkb{s 8 vge kevkàeknke} pygpyknke} m`} r{` vk}yg{tk fge}ke{ mbev vkv l`tykv, mbev vb pc`lgvgpc`k : lb pyb}`r{kr{k eg{v mktgev v{`tyk k} vge ksknplk t`tbe} r{k eg{v mktgev

`n`}ky k} b{r{kl eg{v mktgev kvvbky mk eg{v fgedgynky bdè mkmktke`y fgnnk l{`%


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Lb pykn`yk pby}`k, m{ ngèv pg{y lkv è}kllkf}{klv, mktyb`} }ykdbf`lk% Hk tk{s m`yk 8 l`yk vkv l`tykv, fgnpykemyk vb pc`lgvgpc`k, fkv}

dbf`lk nb`v ge pg{yyb`} fyg`yk pbydg`v r{k lk Nb}yk vkv} bn{vpl{}} nbl`f`k{vknke} ykemyk vkv kevkàeknke}v }kllknke}v`nplkv r{k lkv è}kllkf}{klv e }yg{tke} b{f{e b}}yb`} k} r{k vkpbvvk.}.`l blgyv 7 Fkv akev èv}y{`}v pykeeke} lk l`tyk Lb Ybl`} lB{ik #2), vk fge}ke}ke} mk hk}ky {e fg{p m`l r{klr{kv pbakv,ykltke} r{klr{kv kyyk{yv aybnnb}`fblkv g{ mkv fcgvkv mk fk akeyk,p{`v lk ykhk}}ke}% Fkf` ekv} pbv ksbf}knke} {ek plb`vbe}ky`k fby lbpl{pby} mkv è}kllkf}{klv abvp`llke} lk{y è}kllkf} yklktky lkvkyyk{yv% Bèv`, pl{v lb pkyvgeek kv} è}kllàke}k, ngèv kllk bppyf`klkv {tykv m{ Nb}yk% Lkv akev vbev èv}y{f}`ge, nblck{yk{vknke},ek pk{tke} nnk pbv l`yk vkv g{tybakv% V` i`ke r{k eg{v eg{v}yg{tgev mktbe} fk db`} ykayk}}bilk k} }yv }ybeak, r{k lkevkàek.nke} vknilk ek vkyt`y pkyvgeek%

R{ke kv}.`l mk lb pyb}`r{k 7 Lgyvr{k eg{v ke tkegev lb pyb}`r{km{ vv}nk, eg{v mfg{tygev r{k lb v`}{b}`ge kv} pl{v g{ ngèvv`n`lb`yk% Lkv vg`.m`vbe} bmkp}kv }yg{tke} eg}yk vv}nk y`m`f{lk.

nke} v`nplk% @lv ek pk{tke} pbv fgnpykemyk fgnnke} r{klr{kvnè{}kv mk pyb}`r{k pby hg{y pk{tke} pkynk}}yk mb}}kèmyk lkvyv{l}b}v r{k eg}yk Nb}yk bdd`ynk pgvvìlkv fby, v{y}g{} lgyvr{k eg{vfgnpbygev lb }bpbvb mkv y`vc`v m{ pbvv btkf eg}yk ck{yk mk nm`}b.}`ge nb}èblk, egv tèa} nè{}kv mk flkbeèa lk vg`y k} lkv r{klr{kvnè{}kv fgevbfykv lb py`yk m{ vg`y, fklb vknilk y`m`f{lk% Lkpygilnk kv} fgnn{e }g{v lkv }ykv c{nbèv 8 lb v`npl`f`} m{vv}nk mhg{k eg}yk fbpbf`} fgnpykemyk vge kdd`fbf`}%

K} fk ekv} pbv lk vk{l pygilnk% Lk mk{s`nk pygilnk kv} fkl{`mk lkag c{nbè 8 eg{v tg{lgev db`yk r{klr{k fcgvk pg{y b}}kèmykr{klr{k fcgvk k} `f`, `l ek vknilk pbv r{k eg{v dbvv`gev aybemfcgvk% Fkv} pg{yr{g` mk egniyk{vkv pkyvgeekv fge}è{ke} bmcyky b{ cb}cb.gab k} mkv fcgvkv mk fk akeyk% Mgef, lkag bikvgè m}yk vb}`vdb`} pby lb pkevk 8 Hb` db`} r{klr{k fcgvk pg{y


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b}}kèmyk fk r{k hb` b}}kè}% Tg{v tgkx, l}yk c{nbè ekv} pbvykllknke} è}ykvv pby lk db`} mb}}kèmyk r{klr{k fcgvk : fk r{`l

tk{}, fkv} vke}`y r{`l b db`} ikb{fg{p pg{y pbytke`y%@l b {ek }yg`v`nk yb`vge `npgy}be}k 8 eg{v ek db`vgev pbv pbky

pg{y fk r{k eg{v gddygev% Lkv akev, vpf`blknke} ke Gff`mke}, ektk{lke} y`ke mk ayb}{`}% Fkf` kv}, i`ke vy, ykl` mk eg{tkb{ lkag 8 Hb` pb r{klr{k fcgvk pg{y lgi}ke`y, blgyv fkv} ng`% Hk nkybppkllk m{e abyge r{` }b`} tke{ tg`y lk Nb}yk, Ekq.Pgyj ke2019% Eg{v btgev pbyl pkembe} mk{s }yg`v ck{ykv m{ vv}nk k}mk lb pyb}`r{k : `l b } }yv `npykvv`gee pby lk Nb}yk k} lb n}cgmk%Bpyv eg}yk fgetkyvb}`ge, `l vgy}`} fèr{be}k mgllbyv k} lkv mgeeb b{Nb}yk% Lk Nb}yk vkv} fge}ke} mk lkv ykpg{vvky% Lk abyge b pkevr{k lk Nb}yk ebtb`} pbv fgnpy`v k} m`} 8 Ege, ege, Ybn Fcbemyb,fkv} pg{y tg{v% Ibi{h` m`} blgyv 8 _g{y r{g` db`yk 7 Lk abygeypgem`} 8 Ege, ege, tg{v nbtkx kspl`r{ }be} mk fcgvkv, tg{vnbtkx kevkàe }be} mk fcgvkv k} tg{v bllkx nk mgeeky lb ybl`vb.}`ge : b{vv`, hk tk{s tg{v mgeeky r{klr{k fcgvk nbè}kebe}% Ibi{h`py`} fblnknke} lbyake}, lk ykn`} mbev lb pgfck m{ abyge k} l{` m`} 8

Eg{v ek tkemgev pbv lb vp`y`}{bl`}% Lk abyge }b`} tyb`nke}}yg{il k} ypl`r{b 8 Nb`v, fgnnke} pg{tkx.tg{v eg{v mgeeky lbybl`vb}`ge ayb}{`}knke} 7 Tg`f` mgef lb}}`}{mk r{`l b keGff`mke} 8 tg{v mktkx pbky pg{y }g{} fk r{k tg{v gi}kekx% [ekv`nplk v{aakv}`ge hkvpyk r{k tg{v ek lk pykemykx pbv nbl lbnnk b}}`}{mk vknilk yaeky mbev fk r{` kv} bppkl lb t`k bng{.yk{vk `f`, {ek b}}`}{mk fgnnkyf`blk% Fkv} h{v}k {ek pbyke}cvk%

K} lGy`ke} 7 Eg{v tkegev mk pbylky mk lGff`mke}, r{k pk{}.gem`yk v{y lGy`ke} 7 Ke Gy`ke}, eg{v pykegev }g{} fk r{` kv} m`vpg.eìlk k} ayb}{`}, nb`v eg{v ek l{}`l`vgev hbnb`v% Fkv} {e db`}% @lv{dd`} mk nk}}yk {ek bdd`fck m`vbe} r{k fkv} ayb}{`} k}, r{`lv keb`ke} ikvgè g{ ege, lkv akev t`kemyge} vk vkyt`y% Bèv`, pg{y lkvnnkv yb`vgev, e` lGff`mke} e` lGy`ke} eke }`yke} mk ied`fk%Eg{v eg{v bpkyfktgev mgef r{k lkevkàeknke} ek vky} e` b{spkyvgeekv èv}y{`}kv e` b{s pkyvgeekv vbev èv}y{f}`ge : r{k lb

pyb}`r{k ekv} bppyf`k e` ke Gy`ke} e` ke Gff`mke}, fby kllk kv}ayb}{`}k k} fklb, fb{vk mk lkag r{` kv} lk nnk mbev lkv mk{s fbv%


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Blgyv, `l ykv}k lb mkye`yk pby}`k, lb t`k m{ Nb}yk k} lksknplkr{k eg{v mktgev ke }`yky% L kefgyk yaek lk nnk kevknilk mk

f`yfgev}befkv }yba`r{kv% Lkv akev v`nplkv mk lb fbnpbaek lk fgev`.myke} fgnnk {ek pkyvgeek v`nplk fgnnk k{s k} ek vge} pbv kenkv{yk mbppyf`ky vb aybemk{y% Vb v`npl`f`} vknilk lkv ybppyg.fcky, nb`v vk{lknke} pby f{y`gv`}, {e e`tkb{ c{nbè% [e hg{y,Ibi{h` nb ybfge} {ek c`v}g`yk pg{y `ll{v}yky fkf`% @l vknilk r{k vbpygpyk nyk l{` b`} m`} 8 ]{ }k fge}ke}kv mk dkynky lkv k{s k} }{}ygnpkv }g{v lkv akev r{` t`keeke} }k tg`y% R{bem mgef }kv}.`lbyy`t mk tg`y M`k{ pg{y pg{tg`y lk lk{y nge}yky 7 I`ke vy, keGff`mke}, lk pygilnk kv} lk nnk% V` {e cgnnk eb pbv {e bvpkf}ykfckyfc, v`l ekv} pbv i`ke cbi`ll, v`l eb pbv {ek ikllk bppb.ykefk, v`l ekv} pbv fbpbilk mk i`ke pbylky, `l eb b{f{ek fcbefk% Mkeg{tkb{ tg{v ykefge}ykx lèfbpbf`} c{nbèk tg`y fk r{` kv} igek}, b{ fge}yb`yk, lb fbpbf`} i`ke mtklgppk tg`y fk r{` kv} nbl%Fk} }b} mk fcgvk ks`v}k pby}g{} 8 hk tk{s m`yk lèfbpbf`} c{nbèk tg`y fk r{` kv} ige fckx lkv b{}ykv% Tg{v }yg{tkykx fk}}k èfbpbf`}aeybl`vk fckx }g{v lkv }ykv c{nbèv%

B{ fg{yv mk }g{}kv lkv beekv pbvvkv btkf lk Nb}yk, hk ek pkevkpbv btg`y ykefge}y {ek vk{lk pkyvgeek r{` b`} db`} mkv givkytb}`gevv{y lb ayfk mk Ibi{h`, v{y vb dbge aybf`k{vk mk vk fgnpgy}ky,mbppygfcky lkv b{}ykv% Hk eb` pbv t{ {ek vk{lk pkyvgeek r{` b`}bppyf` vb ayfk% Hk ek pbylk pbv mkv bicbv`v, b{}yknke} eg{v ekvky`gev pbv l k} fk{s r{` tg{lb`ke} `n`}ky lk Nb}yk, vpf`blknke}ke Gy`ke}, vk fge}ke}b`ke} mk vk lb`vvky pg{vvky lb ibyik k} mk d{nkylk cggjb% [e hg{y, ke pbylbe} N% B% _%%%, Ibi{h` l{`.nnk b m`} 8

Nb v`npl`f`} kv} nb vk{lk v{pkyfcky`k% Fby lb v`npl`f`}, r{kllkvk }yg{tk mbev {ek pkyvgeek g{ mbev {e vv}nk, kv} }yv m`dd`f`lk bffkp}ky, egv vv}nkv m{fb}`dv ek eg{v bppykebe} bppyf`ky r{kfk r{` kv} fgnplksk%

K} blgyv, r{k mktgev.eg{v mgef db`yk pg{y {}`l`vky lk Nb}yk 7 Lbpykn`yk fgem`}`ge, fgnnk lb m`} Ibi{h , fkv} 8 Vgkx v`nplkv k}ke cbynge`k btkf lb Eb}{yk% Fby fkv} vk{lknke} ke mktkebe}

v`nplkv r{k eg{v bffkp}kygev k} bppyf`kygev lb tblk{y mk lb


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v`npl`f`}% Lb mk{s`nk fcgvk db`yk, fkv} mk l`yk k} mk ykl`yk vkvl`tykv h{vr{ fk r{k eg{v vggev fbpbilkv mk pkynk}}yk eg}yk

è}kllkf} mk mfg{ty`y lk{y ykllk tblk{y% Nge kspy`kefk nbnge}y r{k pl{v eg{v eg{v mtklgppgev, pl{v eg{v }yg{tgev mkvkev vkv l`tykv k}, ke fk vkev, `lv ykdl}ke} eg}yk mtklgppknke}%Fkv} pg{yr{g` eg{v mkty`gev lkv ykl`yk b{ ngèv {ek dg`v pby be,fby, pl{v eg{v lkv fgnpykegev, pl{v eg{v vbtgev r{k eg{v eg{vvgnnkv mtklgppv% _{`v, pby lb ayfk m{ Nb}yk, {e hg{y t`kemybg eg{v fgnpykemygev fkv g{tybakv }g}blknke} k} eg{v vb{ygevblgyv r{k eg{v vgnnkv mktke{v fgnnk lk Nb}yk%

Lb mk{s`nk fcgvk kv} lb pyb}`r{k 8 eg{v mktgev lb db`yk, r{kllkr{k vg`} lb m`dd`f{l} r{k eg{v pyg{t`gev% Fgnnk }g{}k pyb}`r{k,`l kv} m`dd`f`lk mk lkskyfky b{ mi{}, nb`v lgyvr{k tg{v pg{tkx lbdb`yk pbydb`}knke}, tg{v vbtkx blgyv r{k tg{v }kv {e nb}yk% @l kv}`npgy}be} mk ykfgeeb}yk `f` r{k lkevkàeknke} k} lb pyb}`r{k ekvge} }g{v mk{s r{k mkv fckllkv mkv}èkv eg{v b`mky eg{vlktky% Lgyvr{k eg{v vgnnkv byy`tv b{ vgnnk}, lkv fckllkv ekeg{v vge} pl{v mb{f{ek {}`l`}% Fcbr{k dg`v r{k Ibi{h` m`vb`} 8

Lkv l`tykv vge} è{}`lkv, lb fgeeb`vvbefk ekv} pbv m{ek aybemk{}`l`}% , f}b`} mkp{`v lk vgnnk} r{`l m`vb`} fklb% R{bem eg{vb}}kèmygev fk e`tkb{, eg{v eg{v bpkyfktygev ablknke} r{`lv ekeg{v vkytke} pbv aybem fcgvk%

Lk }yg`v`nk lnke}, lk pl{v `npgy}be}, kv} lk Nb}yk l{`.nnk,vb t`k, vge ksknplk% Eg{v pg{tgev ty`}bilknke} eg{v pbvvky mkvmk{s pykn`kyv lnke}v nb`v eg{v ek pg{tgev pbv eg{v pbvvky mk

fkl{`.f`% Fcbr{k bicbv` pk{} vk mtklgppky vbev lkv l`tykv, vbev lbpyb}`r{k, pg{yt{ r{`l t`keek b{ Nb}yk, r{`l t`tk btkf lk Nb}yk,r{`l vk fgnpgy}k fgnnk lk Nb}yk, r{`l t`tk fgnnk lk Nb}yk k}r{`l mkt`keek fgnnk lk Nb}yk k} fkv} dbf`lk b{vv`% Fkv} pg{y fklbr{k Ibi{h` b m`} 8 Lè}`n`} btkf lk Nb}yk kv} lb fcgvk lb pl{v`npgy}be}k% Mgef, eg{v mktgev kvvbky mk mtklgppky fk}}k è}`.n`}% Fgnnk eg{v lk vbtgev }yv i`ke, {ek è}`n`} pcv`r{k ekv}pbv }g{hg{yv pgvvìlk k} ek tk{} pbv }g{hg{yv m`yk aybem fcgvk ege

pl{v% Fkv} lè}`n`} è}y`k{yk r{k eg{v mktgev mtklgppky% _g{y


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Nbyvk`llk, lk 3 h{`llk} 2034

Hb` pkev r{k eg{v mkty`gev pk{}.}yk pbylky mk fky}bèv kevk`.aeknke}v `npgy}be}v m{ Nb}yk, mkv kevkàeknke}v dgembnke.}b{s% B Tgyb{d, ke Bllknbaek, eg{v btgev fgev`my lk ylk r{khg{k lk Nb}yk mbev ltgl{}`ge k} lk ylk mk lbicbv` mbev vb pygpyktgl{}`ge, bèv` r{k fk r{` ykl`k lbicbv` k} vge èv}y{f}k{y% B fkngnke}.l, eg{v bt`gev pbyl mk }yg`v fcgvkv 8 lkevkàeknke} m{Nb}yk, lb pyb}`r{k r{` eg{v b } mgeek pby lk Nb}yk k} lbng{y

ke}yk lk Nb}yk k} lk m`vf`plk% Eg{v mkty`gev pk{}.}yk nbè}kebe}fgev`myky lkv kevkàeknke}v mk pl{v pyv%

Gy, lkv kevkàeknke}v m{ Nb}yk ge} } }yv fgemkevv k} fkf`kv} fgedgynk lb }ybm`}`ge èm`keek g lkv fcgvkv `npgy}be}kv vge}ml`tykv vg{v dgynk mk fbpv{lkv, kllkv vge} kefbpv{lkv, fby, ke@emk, l{ek mkv pyèf`pblkv gpè`gev g{ `mkv, r{kllk r{k vg`}lbppkllb}`ge r{k tg{v fcg`v`vv`kx, kv} r{k lkevkàeknke} ek

mktyb`} pbv }yk ml`ty ke }g}bl`}, fgnnk ge lke}kem ke Gff`mke}%Fkf` kv} fgedgynk fk r{` vk pbvvk mbev lb eb}{yk% Lk Nb}yk btb`}fg{}{nk mk m`yk r{k, mbev lb eb}{yk, `l b {ek aybèk k} r{k fk}}kvknkefk, ke vk mtklgppbe}, mkt`ke} {e byiyk% Lb eb}{yk ek plbe}kpbv mkv byiykv% Mk lb nnk dbge, ke Gy`ke}, eg{v fyggev r{k}g{}k pkevk mktyb`} }yk }ybevn`vk vg{v dgynk mk vknkefk% Fkv}pg{yr{g`, ke @emk, fkv} vg{v dgynk mk fk r{k eg{v bppklgev v{}ybr{k vk }yg{tke}, eg}bnnke}, lkv pkevkv pc`lgvgpc`r{kv k} lkv

pkevkv lkv pl{v nv}`r{kv% Fkv} bèv` r{k vk pyvke}ke} lkv

=2

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dbnk{s }ks}kv tm`r{kv mg vge} }`yv r{b}yk g{ fèr pyfkp}kv}yv `npgy}be}v, }klv r{k fkl{` r{` m`} 8 ]{ kv Fklb% Nbè}kebe},

`nbaègev r{k eg{v vbfc`gev fk r{k tk{} m`yk ]{ kv Fklb% Lbm`dd`f{l} v{ya`} r{bem ge tk{} vbtg`y fk r{kv} Fklb% Blgyv, geeg{v m`} 8 _g{y mfg{ty`y fk r{kv} FKLB, nm`}kx%

Mgef, ke Gy`ke}, eg{v ek fyggev pbv r{`l vg`} ige mk mgeekymkv tgl{nkv fgnplk}v mk fgeeb`vvbefk% Mk lb nnk dbge, lgyvr{ktg{v fyk{vkx {e p{`}v pby ksknplk, `l mg`} ks`v}ky {ek vg{yfk pg{ylbl`nke}ky fge}è{kllknke}, }kyekllknke}% Ge ek fyk{vk pbv {e}yg{ pg{y lk yknpl`y mkb{ eg{v.nnkv k} lb }`yky kev{`}k mbev {epygfkvv{v mk yknpl`vvbak k} mk p{`vbak nb`v r{bem ge fyk{vk {ep{`}v, fkv} {e pygfkvv{v fyb}`d fby blgyv, ge pkynk} lb eb}{yk mkeg{v eg{yy`y pykvr{k fge}è{kllknke}, m`vgev }kyekllknke}% Bèv`,mk lb nnk dbge, eg{v fgev`mygev lk pygfkvv{v mèv}y{f}`gefgnnk {e pygfkvv{v mkevknkefknke} g, {ek dg`v vknk, lbaybèk mg`} fyg}yk mbev lk f{y g{ lè}kllkf} mkv }{m`be}v, fgnnktg{v tg{lkx% I`ke vy, nnk ke Gy`ke}, fklb ykv}k pg{y ikb{fg{p {e`mbl pbyfk r{k, r{bem lb f`t`l`vb}`ge nb}y`bl`v}k b fgnnkef v

`nplbe}ky, fk r{` vk pbvvk `f` b fgnnkef vk pygm{`yk b{vv` l.ibv%

Nb`v mbev lb t`k vp`y`}{kllk, eg{v vgnnkv kefgyk bffg{}{nv fk vv}nk m{ek aybèk vknk pby lk Nb}yk% Fkv} pg{yr{g`, pby}`.f{l`yknke} mbev lk Vbcbh Nbya, lkevkàeknke} kv} v` fgemkev k}eg{v btgev v` pk{ mk l`tykv m{ Nb}yk% Hk nk vg{t`kev, r{bem hk v{`vke}y mbev lb N`vv`ge ke 204=, eg{v ebt`gev r{k r{klr{kv l`tykv,lkv l`tykv m{ Nb}yk k} `lv }b`ke} }yv pk}`}v 8 Lb Ybl`} lB{ik #2) 3?

pbakv Lkdd`fbf`} m{ ybhb.gab #2) 3? pbakv% Lb pykn`yk dg`v r{k hklkv b` l{v, hk d{v pl{}} m{% Hk nk vg{t`kev, r{bem hb` l{ Lb Ybl`} lB{ik #2) pg{y lb pykn`yk dg`v, hb` pykvr{k hk} lg{tybak, lk }yg{.tbe} è{}`lk k} nnk èdbe}`lk k} f}b`} lb ybf}`ge mk lb pl{pby} mkvakev r{` l`vb`ke} fkv l`tykv m{ Nb}yk fby, r{bem eg{v fgnnkegev,eg{v ek vbtgev pbv fk mge} eg{v btgev ikvgè mk lb pby} m{ Nb}yk :


=9

vgnnb`yk

#2) EM] 8 p{il`v mbev lg{tybak {tykv fgnpl}kv, lk Vbcbh Nbya {ekeg{tkllk }ybm`}`ge vp`y`}{kllk, }gnk @, Ybn Fcbemyb, m`}`ge VYFN%


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eg{v ek vbtgev pbv fk r{k lk Nb}yk mktyb`} eg{v mgeeky nb`v, pl{v}bym, hk mfg{ty`v r{k fkv l`tykv vge} }yv pygdgemv k}, fcbr{k

lkf}{yk, ge mfg{tyk mk eg{tkllkv vàe`d`fb}`gev% Fkv} pyf`v.nke} lb dgef}`ge mkv kevkàeknke}v m{ Nb}yk, r{k mk eg{v pky.nk}}yk mk }yg{tky mk pl{v ke pl{v mk vkev pby mkv lkf}{ykv yp}kv :fk r{` ykdl}k lk mtklgppknke} mk eg}yk fbpbf`} fgnpykemyk%Bèv`, fkv} {ek èm`fb}`ge mk eg}yk fyg`vvbefk%

K} fkv} {ek fcgvk yknbyr{bilk r{k lk Nb}yk vg`} fbpbilk mè}yg.m{`yk ke {e vk{l l`tyk }g{}k lb fgeeb`vvbefk mge} eg{v b{ygev ikvgèm{ mi{} lb dè, lkv nnkv ng}v fge}kebe} mkv e`tkb{s m`ddyke}vmk fyg`vvbefk k} mks`v}kefk vp`y`}{kllk% [e hg{y r{k hk mknbemb`v b{Nb}yk r{bem lkv bicbv`v mk lb N`vv`ge vkyb`ke} fbpbilkv mfy`yk mk}klv l`tykv, `l m`} 8 Fkv} }yv v`nplk, r{bem `lv mkt`kemyge} mkvnb}ykv, `lv fy`yge} b{vv` mk }klv l`tykv% Tg`f` {ek mkv ty`}v mk lbvbakvvk gy`ke}blk 8 vk{lv lkv nb}ykv pk{tke} k} mktyb`ke} fy`yk mkvl`tykv nb`v }g{v lkv l`tykv ek pk{tke} pbv py}kemyk }yk mkv l`tykv% @lek v{dd`} pbv mk ikllkv fg{tky}{ykv k} mk fke} fèr{be}k pbakv ke}ykfkv fg{tky}{ykv pg{y db`yk {e l`tyk% Ke}yk fkv mk{s fg{tky}{ykv l db{}

r{`l b`} r{klr{k fcgvk r{` eg{v pkynk}}k mk aybem`y k} mk mktke`yfk r{k eg{v mkty`gev }yk% Lk Nb}yk nk m`} {e hg{y, ke plb`vbe}be},r{k lgyabe`vnk c{nbè kv} fgnnk {e l`tyk g{ mktyb`} }yk fgnnk{e l`tyk 8 eg{v btgev ablknke} mkv fg{tky}{ykv, fky}bèkv }yvikllkv, fky}bèkv vm{`vbe}kv, fky}bèkv ilbefckv, mb{}ykv eg`ykv,fky}bèkv aybemkv, mb{}ykv pk}`}kv, mk }g{}kv }b`llkv, k} ke}yk fkvfg{tky}{ykv, `l b r{klr{k fcgvk mk }yv t`}bl r{` mktyb`} ytlky fkr{k eg{v vgnnkv pygaykvv`tknke}, b{ d{y k} nkv{yk r{k eg{v

tgl{gev m{ e`tkb{ c{nbè b{ e`tkb{ m`tè k} hk pkevk r{k tg{vvbtkx }g{v fk r{k fkv}% Lk F[Yi`ke vy%

Bèv`, fkv} lk f{y r{`, m{ek fky}bèk dbge, kv} lkvvkefk mklks`v}kefk c{nbèk% Mbev {e l`tyk, fkv} lb pkevk r{` b mk lb tblk{yk} ege lk pbp`ky e` lkefyk% Blgyv, lk pykn`ky mkv egniyk{s kevk`.aeknke}v m{ Nb}yk kv} 8 Nk}}kx mk lb tblk{y mbev }g{} fk r{ktg{v db`}kv% Gy, c`ky, r{bem eg{v vgnnkv byy`tv ke Dybefk k} r{k

eg{v btgev mfg{tky} r{k lkv fcgvkv }b`ke} }yv fcykv, ge eg{v b


=6

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m`} r{k f}b`} fb{vk mk lb ]TB% @l vba } mk lb eg}`ge mk tblk{y mbevlb }bsk v{y lb tblk{y bhg{}k% Gy, `l kv} }yv v`nplk mbhg{}ky mk lb

tblk{y r{bem `l vba`} mgihk}v nb}y`klv g{ mk eg}`gev mfgegn`k,fby eg{v ba`vvgev v{y mkv fcgvkv ks}y`k{ykv, v{y lb dgynk, v{y lbv{ydbfk nb`v fgnnke} btg`y {ek TB #tblk{y bhg{}k) lè}y`k{y 7 @lek vba`} pl{v mk ]TB, `l e b pbv mk }bsb}`ge% Fk ek pk{} }yk r{k pbylb fyg`vvbefk k} ege pby bmm`}`ge% [e fy`v}bl aybem`} ke mktkebe} mkpl{v ke pl{v aygv pby bmm`}`ge lb v{ydbfk, ke pykebe} lkv lnke}vmk lks}y`k{y, tgkx.tg{v : `l ek aybem`} pbv mk lè}y`k{y% Gy lkpygilnk mbev lb t`k vp`y`}{kllk, fkv} r{k eg{v mktgev èv}`llky lbfyg`vvbefk mbev lk f{y mk vgy}k r{k lge p{`vvk tgl{ky mk lè}.y`k{y% Lk vfcnb m{fb}`d mktyb`} ablknke} }yk bèv`% Ke Gy`ke},eg{v ek pkevgev pbv r{k làegybefk vg`} r{klr{k fcgvk fgnnk {eknbyr{k v{y {e ngyfkb{ mk pbp`ky, r{k lge kddbfk mk lks}y`k{ybtkf {ek agnnk% Ge fyg`} r{k, v` lk Nb}yk vnk lb aybèk mk lbfgeeb`vvbefk lb aybèk mk lb vbakvvk lè}y`k{y, b{ d{y k} nkv{yk r{kllk pg{vvk, làegybefk kv} ykhk}k, ksbf}knke} fgnnk {ebyiyk 8 lgyvr{`l pg{vvk, lfgyfk pykem mk lkspbev`ge k} }gnik lks}y`k{y% Bèv`, lk Nb}yk, eg}yk Nb}yk Ibi{h` Nbcbybh, egnnb`}

}g{hg{yv vge vv}nk {e pygfkvv{v mkevknkefknke}% Fkv} pg{y.r{g` vge vv}nk }b`} v` fgef`v k} pg{yr{g` `l pbylb`} ablknke} vìy`tknke}% Tg{v tg{v vg{t`kemykx }g{v r{k lgyvr{k lge l{` pgvb`}{ek r{kv}`ge, vb ypgevk mpbvvb`} ybyknke} {ek pcybvk% Fklb nkpky}{yib`} ikb{fg{p, pby}`f{l`yknke} m{ybe} lkv mk{s pykn`ykvbeekv mk nb t`k btkf l{`% R{kllk r{k d{} lb r{kv}`ge r{k hk pgvb`v, `lnk db`vb`} }g{hg{yv l{ek mk fkv mk{s ypgevkv 8

Ibi{h`, fgnnke} pk{}.ge fcbeaky fkf` 7

Nm`}k% Ibi{h`, fgnnke} pk{}.ge }ybevdgynky fk} cgnnk 7 Db`v lk flkbeèa% Ibi{h`, fgnnke} lb fyg`vvbefk vp`y`}{kllk kv}.kllk pgvvìlk 7 Hk }k lk m`v, fkv} }yv v`nplk 8 }ybevnk}v%

K} hk mktb`v nk vb}`vdb`yk mk fkv fg{y}kv ypgevkv k} r{klr{kdg`v,r{bem hke btb`v lk fg{ybak, hk l{` m`vb`v 8 Ibi{h`, nb`v hk ek v{`v pbv

fbpbilk mk fgnpykemyk fk r{k tg{v m }kv " Lb r{b}y`nk ypgevk


==

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}b } blgyv èt }bilk 8 Ydlfc`v. " Bèv`, tgkx.tg{v, vge kevk`.aeknke} }b`} }yv v`nplk k} vb ikb{} yv`mb`} mbev lk db`} r{`l v`npl`.

d`b`} bèv` vb pygpyk t`k% Fk e}b`} pbv v` dbf`lk, fby tg{v pg{tkx tg`ylkv m`dd`f{l}v r{k hb` bddyge}ky 8 hk mg`v tg{v pbylky pkembe} mkvck{ykv k} mkv ck{ykv% L{` ebtb`} r{ m`yk r{klr{kv ng}v " Fky}bèkvdg`v, `l ek pbylb`} r{k pkembe} r{klr{kv vkfgemkv% Eg{v mktgev mgefablknke} fgnnkefky pkevky ke fkv }kynkv 8 ngèv mk pbyglkv, pl{vmk fgnn{e`ge, mk lb fgnn{e`fb}`ge vbev pbyglk% Bèv`, fkv}, f}b`}k} fk mktyb`} }yk lkvvkefk mk eg}yk vv}nk%

Fk r{k lkevkàeknke} mk Ibi{h` btb`} mk ae`bl }b`} vb fbpbf`} mtklgppky ke eg{v {ek bvp`yb}`ge pkevky pby eg{v.nnkv k} }yg{tky lkv ypgevkv ke eg{v.nnkv fby, pby fk}}k n}cgmk, egevk{lknke} eg{v }yg{t`gev lkv ypgevkv, nb`v eg{v gi}ke`gev ablk.nke} lb fged`befk, p{`v lb fget`f}`ge r{`l b b{vv` ke eg{v }g{} fkr{` vk }yg{tk fckx lk Nb}yk% Hk pkevk r{k fkf` kv} ablknke} lkmi{} mk lb dg` fby, r{bem {e bicbv` g{ {e m`vf`plk ybl`vk pg{y lbpykn`yk dg`v r{`l pk{} }yg{tky ke l{`.nnk }g{} fk mge} `l b ikvgèk} }g{} fk mge} `l b{yb ikvgè, fklb fgev}`}{k lk pykn`ky pbv mbev lb

dg` nb`v pg{yr{g` dg` mbev lk Nb}yk pby ksknplk, pg{yr{g` pbv dg`ke eg{v.nnkv 7 Tg{v tgkx, `l vba`} l kefgyk m{ek m`ddykefkt`}blk mbev lkv vv}nkv mm{fb}`ge% Lk vv}nk gff`mke}bl eg{vbppykem mpkemyk mk eg{v.nnkv, btg`y dg` ke eg{v.nnkv, keeg{v db`vbe} bppykemyk pg{y eg{v.nnkv ke {}`l`vbe} mkv l`tykv,mkv iìl`g}cr{kv, mkv t`mgv k} fkf` ykedgyfk lkag k} db`} m`yk mkvfcgvkv fgnnk fklb 8 Hb` bppy`v, hk vb`v%

Nb`v r{bem lk Nb}yk nk} lb vknkefk ke eg{v k} m`} 8 Ykabymkx,hk nk}v lb aybèk ke tg{v pg{y r{kllk fyg`vvk% , eg{v vbtgev r{k,i`ke r{k }g{} vg`} ke eg{v, fkv} lk Nb}yk r{` b vkn lb aybèk, eg{vl{` ke vgnnkv mgef mbigym ykfgeeb`vvbe}v, eg{v vgnnkv plkèv mkayb}`}{mk : p{`v, r{bem lk vv}nk dgef}`geek k} r{k eg{v mfg{tygevr{k }g{} kv} ke eg{v pbyfk r{`l l b n`v, blgyv t`ke} lb dg`% Btkf vgeb`mk, pby vb ayfk, pg{yt{ r{k hk vg`v yfkp}`d, }g{} kv} pgvvìlk%


=;

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Tg`f` mgef lb tyb`k yklb}`ge ke}yk lbicbv` k} lk a{y{ 8 `l vnk,eg{v dg{ye`vvgev lk vgl% Fgnnk }g{} }kyybè, ge mg`} lk nbè}ke`y

pygpyk, vbev èvkf}k e` nb{tb`vk ckyik : mk lb nnk dbge, eg{vmktgev fggpyky ke eg{v ek}}gbe} eg{v.nnkv% Vège, fklbmkt`ke} fgnnk mk lckyik, tgkx.tg{v, {e nlbeak mk }g{} 8 nb{.tb`vkv ckyikv, gy}`kv, ygefkv k} fkf` db`} aybem`y ke eg{v {e b{}ykvke}`nke} 8 fkl{` mk lb efkvv`} mk lb fggpyb}`ge% Tg`f` mgef lkvlnke}v mk vge kevkàeknke}% @l vnk, eg{v lb`vvgev fklb fyg}ykke eg{v k} eg{v mfg{tygev lb pyk{tk mk fk}}k fyg`vvbefk b{ ngkemkv kevkàeknke}v r{`l eg{v m`vpkevk fby, fcbr{k dg`v r{k eg{vykl`vgev l{e mk vkv l`tykv, eg{v mfg{tygev r{k eg}yk fgnpycke.v`ge vkv} bnl`gyk, vkv} bppygdgem`k% Blgyv, vk nbe`dkv}k lk ty`.}bilk vke}`nke} vp`y`}{kl r{k lk Nb}yk vg{cb`}b`} }g{hg{yv tg`y keeg{v 8 lk vke}`nke} mnkytk`llknke}% _bv lb f{y`gv`}, tgkx tg{v,lnkytk`llknke} " Fgnnke} kv}.`l pgvvìlk r{k fkv nnkv r{b}yk.tèa} pbakv mk Lb Ybl`} lB{ik #2), pby ksknplk r{k hbtb`v ykhk.}kv bpyv nb pykn`yk lkf}{yk p{`vvke} nbè}kebe} nk ytlky}be} mk fcgvkv v{y ng`.nnk 7 Mbev lb eb}{yk k} mbev lk VbcbhNbya ablknke}, ge m`} r{k lk fcbeaknke} mg`} vk ykdl}ky mbev {ek

ngm`d`fb}`ge mk v`}{b}`ge, mbev {e fcbeaknke} mk dgynk, mbev {efcbeaknke} mk fge}ke{, pby}g{}%

Eg{v eg{v b}}kemgev {e fcbeaknke} r{bem, pby ksknplk,eg{v f{`vgev m{ y`x 8 eg{v eg{v b}}kemgev fk r{`l vg`} m{ymbigym, p{`v }kemyk r{bem `l kv} f{`}% @l vknilk r{ dgyfk mgivky.tky lk fcbeaknke} ks}y`k{y, eg{v bgev pkym{, {e ngnke}mgee, lb fbpbf`} mk yknbyr{ky lk fcbeaknke} ke eg{v.nnkv% Kc

i`ke " lkv l`tykv m{ Nb}yk eg{v ykemke} fk}}k fbpbf`} mk tg`y lkfcbeaknke} ke eg{v.nnkv : fby, fcbr{k dg`v r{k eg{v fgnpyk.egev vkv l`tykv m{ek dbge m`ddyke}k, eg{v vbtgev r{k eg{v btgevfcbea% Bèv`, fgnnk hb` fg{}{nk mk lk m`yk, vkv l`tykv vge} fgnnkmkv n`yg`yv 8 `lv ek fcbeake} pbv, nb`v `lv nge}yke} lk fcbeaknke}ke eg{v, }g{} db`} fgnnk lk n`yg`y% Eg{v fcbeakgev k} lk n`yg`yeg{v nge}yk mk r{kllk dbge eg{v btgev fcbea% Nbè}kebe},


=4

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`nbaèkx r{k fcbr{k dg`v r{k nge t`vbak fcbeak, lk n`yg`y fcbeakb{vv`, fgnnke} vb{yb`v.hk hbnb`v lkr{kl mkv mk{s fcbeak g{ fk r{`

fcbeak k} mk r{kllk dbge 7 Bèv`, mbev vge kevkàeknke}, lk Nb}ykeg{v bppgy}k mk{s fcgvkv, `l db`} m{ek p`kyyk, mk{s fg{pv 8 fkv} {evv}nk mkevkàeknke} r{` eg{v mgeek lb pgvvì`l`} mk l`yk, mkfgnpykemyk k} mk pyb}`r{ky fk r{`l eg{v m`} mk db`yk k}, ke nnk}knpv, fklb eg{v ytlk b{vv` lk fcbeaknke} r{` vk pygm{`} ke eg{v%

Tg`f` mgef lb ikb{} mk vge kevkàeknke} r{` kv} }yv v`nplk,fby nnk mkv kedbe}v bbe} yk{ {ek èv}y{f}`ge gymèb`yk pk{tke}lk fgnpykemyk% @l e b pbv mk tgl{nkv l`yk, pbv mk iìl`g}cr{k pbyfg{y`y k} ke nnk }knpv, `l kv} fcbya m{e vkev }yv pygdgem k}aybm{ mk }kllk dbge r{`l fgnpgy}k ke l{`.nnk }g{v lkv mkayvmge} eg{v b{ygev ikvgè% Fkv} pykvr{k fgnnk {ek fckllk r{èb{yb`} r{k }yg`v fcklgev k} pg{y}be}, fcbr{k dg`v r{k eg{v ay`n.pgev m{e pbv, `l vk }yg{tk {e eg{tkl fcklge pg{y eg{v ykfktg`y k}ke nnk }knpv {e n`yg`y pg{y eg{v nge}yky eg}yk fyg`vvbefk : mkvgy}k r{k fkv} {e èmks pkynbeke} pg{y eg{v ytlky r{kle`tkb{ eg{v ke vgnnkv% _l{v `npgy}be} kefgyk, `l fge}`ke} bvvkx mk

fcgvkv pg{y eg{v kefg{ybaky pg{yv{`tyk 8 G{`, `l b ke ng`kefgyk pl{v fgnpykemyk, `l db{} fge}è{ky% Fk ekv} pbv fgnnk{e ygnbe r{k tg{v hk}kx bpyv lbtg`y l{, fby lgyvr{k lge }yg{tkkefgyk mk eg{tkllkv vàe`d`fb}`gev mbev lk l`tyk, nnk bpyv tèa}.fèr beekv mk pyb}`r{k, ge ek pk{} vknpfcky mk pkevky r{k lgefge}è{kyb }yg{tky mk pl{v ke pl{v mk vàe`d`fb}`gev b{ d{y k} nkv{yk r{k eg{v btbefkygev%

Ke nb}`yk mm{fb}`ge, `l vba`} mgef m{ek ke}ykpy`vk r{`fgnpgy}k pl{v`k{yv iybefckv% Eg{v tggev bèv` lb r{be}`} mkfcgvkv r{bffgnpl`} vge kevkàeknke} k} `l kv} `npgy}be} mk vkvg{tke`y, fgnnk Ibi{h` lk m`vb`} N{e`fc, hk pkevk, g{ _by`v, r{keg{v mkty`gev l`yk k} ykl`yk vkv l`tykv% Vège eg}yk fgnpyckev`geykv}k b{ e`tkb{ gyàèkl : pby gyàèkl, hk tk{s m`yk lk e`tkb{ r{keg{v bt`gev r{bem eg{v btgev mi{} lb pyb}`r{k% Fklb pk{} ablk.nke} dgef}`geeky fgnnk {e ytlb}k{y mk eg}yk fgem`}`ge%


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Tg`f` mgef lb ikb{} mk vge kevkàeknke}, tgkx tg{v 8 lk db`}r{k lkevkàeknke} ke l{`.nnk ek vg`} pbv b{vv` `npgy}be} r{k lk

ikvgè {yake} mtgl{ky r{`l fyk ke eg{v fby eg{v fyggev r{kl{ek mkv yb`vgev r{` eg{v knpfcke} mk fyg}yk kv} r{k fk ikvgè{yake} mtgl{ky b fkvv mks`v}ky g{ vkv} n`v ke tk`llk{vk ke eg{v%R{bem {e nb}yk kv} fbpbilk mk lk vkfg{ky, ke r{klr{k vgy}k k} mkltk`llky, blgyv fk ikvgè mtgl{ky vk nk} ig{aky ke eg{v k}aeyblknke}, ge ek pk{} pl{v lbyy}ky : fk r{` kv} {ek iem`f}`ge,fby vège, eg{v vky`gev bvvkx dg{v pg{y lbyy}ky b{vv`%

R{k db`} mgef lk Nb}yk mk v` `npgy}be} pg{y eg{v 7 Fkv}mtk`llky ke eg{v fk ikvgè {yake} mk eg{v mtklgppky k} mk mktk.e`y b{vv` pbydb`}v r{k pgvvìlk% Eg}yk ikvgè {yake} mtgl{ky kv}tk`ll pg{y r{k eg{v mv`y`gev fyg}yk k} eg{v mtklgppky h{vr{b{e`tkb{ lk pl{v cb{} pgvvìlk, lk e`tkb{ lk pl{v pbydb`}%

K} hk yknbyr{b`v, b{ fg{yv mk nb t`k btkf nge Nb}yk, Vcbchb.cbep{y g{ b`llk{yv btkf l{`, {ek fcgvk }yv pby}`f{l`yk 8 aeyblk.nke}, `l ealàkb`} bppbyknnke} lkv igev bicbv`v% R{bem hk m`v lkv

igev bicbv`v, hk tk{s m`yk fk{s r{` l{` }b`ke} mtg{v, r{`v{`tb`ke} lb pyb}`r{k btkf vèfy`} k} ya{lby`}% @l lk{y bffgymb`}ybyknke} {ek b}}ke}`ge pkyvgeekllk, h{v}k {e fg{p m`l mk }knpvke }knpv g{ pk{}.}yk {e vg{y`yk r{` btb`} aybemk tblk{y nb`vketkyv fk{s r{` l{` yv`v}b`ke}, r{` }ke}b`ke} mk lk d{`y, `l {}`l`vb`}}g{v vkv fcbynkv k} `lv }b`ke} egniyk{s " K} fklb nk mybeakb`}pbydg`v : pbyfk r{k mbev eg}yk t`k f`t`l`vk k} fgetke}`geekllk,fgnnk eg{v lbppklgev, ge eg{v bppykem r{k lb lg{beak k} lb

yfgnpkevk bppby}`keeke} fk{s r{` lkv ny`}ke} nb`v l{`vknilb`} v{`tyk lk fcknè gppgv 8 lkv ny`}be}v egi}keb`ke} y`kek} lkv ege.ny`}be}v }b`ke} fbpbilkv mb}}`yky vge b}}ke}`ge, mklbnkeky vk vg{f`ky mk{s, vk mgeeky m{ nbl pg{y k{s k},fgnnk hk lb` m`}, fklb nk mybeakb`} ikb{fg{p%

Fby f}b`} fgnnk mbev lb Iìlk, lc`v}g`yk m{ d`lv pygmà{k 8 `l btb`} {e d`lv lb nb`vge r{` vgff{pb`} mk vge pyk, r{` }b`} }yv

mtg{, }yv b`nbe} k} `lv }b`ke} l% Lb{}yk dyyk v}b`} ked{` k}yktè} tèa} bev pl{v }bym% F}b`} {e ige..y`ke, {e `tygaek, {e


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d{a`}`d k}, fgnnk lk m`} lb Iìlk, `lv ge} }{ lk tkb{ aybv pg{y l{`, `lvl{` ge} fgedkf}`gee {e t}knke}, `lv ge} myg{l lk }bp`v yg{ak vg{v

vkv p`kmv% Blgyv {e hg{y, hb` mknbem Ibi{h` 8 G kv} lb h{v} fkmbev }g{} fklb 7 Lk d`lv mtg{ r{` b vkyt` lk pyk pkembe} tèa} bevek ykg`} r{k }yv pk{ mb}}ke}`ge, blgyv r{k lb{}yk r{` vkv} ked{` k}ekv} yktke{ r{k tèa} bev pl{v }bym ykg`} {e }yb`}knke} mk T@_#Tky @npgy}be} _kyvge) fgnnk eg{v m`vgev% @l b ypgem{ 8 Ydlfc`v% Tg{v tgkx, lb r{b}y`nk ypgevk, fgnnk hk tg{v lkm`vb`v " K} fkf` nk n`} kefgyk pl{v ke fglyk pbyfk r{k hk pkevb`vr{`l kvvbb`} mkvr{`tky lb ypgevk% Ge kvvb`k mkvr{`tky r{bem geek pk{} pbv ypgemyk k} h}b`v bvvkx v}{p`mk pg{y fyg`yk r{k lkNb}yk t`}b`} mk mgeeky {ek ypgevk pbyfk r{`l eke }yg{tb`} pbv "

Nb`v fcbr{k dg`v r{k hb` vg{pgee lk Nb}yk m{ek }kllk fcgvk,hk nk v{`v bpky{ r{k h}b`v {e `nif`lk : fby {e hg{y, hk mfg{ty`v,blgyv r{k h}b`v bvv`v v{y nge l`} ke }ybè mk }ybevnk}}yk fky}bèvfke}ykv k} fky}bèv bicbv`v, r{k h}b`v ke }ybè mk pkevky {ebicbv` r{` e}b`} pbv tke{ nm`}ky btkf ng` mkp{`v c{`} ng`v%Vg{mbè, lb pkevk nk tè} r{k h}b`v ke }ybè mk db`yk lb fcgvk

nnk mge} hbtb`v bff{v Ibi{h`% _g{yr{g` mktyb`v.hk pkevky {ebicbv` r{` ek v}b`} pbv vg{f` mk tke`y mkp{`v c{`} ng`v, r{` ek vkvg{f`b`} pbv m{ Vbcbh Nbya 7 _{`v, r{bem hb` fgnnkef ydl.fc`y, hb` mfg{tky} r{k fkv} fk r{k dge} }g{}kv lkv nykv " V{ppgvkxr{k tg{v bkx fèr kedbe}v k} r{k r{b}yk mke}yk k{s vg`ke} lbnb`vge, tg{v pkevkx b{ fèr{`nk r{` ekv} pbv l : fgnnk {eikyaky, pby}` btkf fèr{be}k ng{}gev, r{` ykt`ke} btkf r{bybe}kek{d, ekv} pbv vb}`vdb`} mk vkv r{bybe}k ek{d : `l vk vke} nblck{yk{s

fb{vk m{ fèr{be}`nk r{` nber{k%

Blgyv `l nkv} tke{ fk}}k pkevk pygdgemk r{k lk Nb}yk kv} lbdg`v {ek nyk k} {e ikyaky k} hk tk{s èv`v}ky l mkvv{v 8 lkv mk{s lbdg`v, {ek nyk k} {e ikyaky, pbyfk r{k, mbev fky}bèkv }ybm`}`gev,eg{v pbylgev m{ nb}yk fgnnk m{ek nyk k} mbev {ek yklà`ge, gelbppkllk lk ikyaky% Hk eb` hbnb`v ykefge}y mk vv}nk r{` y{e`vvklkv mk{s% Fk}}k e{`}.l, bvv`v mbev nge l`}, hb` mfg{tky} {e ikyaky

m`tè r{` kv} {ek nyk% Fkv} pg{yr{g` lk Nb}yk }b`} }g{hg{yvpygff{p pby fk{s r{` e}b`ke} pbv l k} f}b`} kefgyk {e kevk`.


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aeknke} pg{y eg{v 8 Ek vgkx pbv vb}`vdb`}v mk fk{s r{k tg{vbtkx pyv mk tg{v, vgkx pygff{pv pby fk{s r{` ek vge} pbv btkf

tg{v% K} `l ek vba`vvb`} pbv vk{lknke} mk lkspykvv`ge m{ekv`nplk pygff{pb}`ge, nb`v f}b`} eg{tkb{ {ek fgefkp}`ge.vknkefk, {ek pkevk.vknkefk, fkv}..m`yk r{k v` tg{v vgeakx {ek dyb}kye`} {e`tkyvkllk, g }g{v lkv }ykv c{nbèv vkyge} dyykv k}v{yv, lkv bicbv`v vk{lv ege} pbv mk vàe`d`fb}`ge% Eg{v mktgev}yk fgefkyev pby }g{v lkv }ykv c{nbèv g r{`lv vg`ke}% Tgkx r{kl pgè} fk}}k fgefkp}`ge kv} lbyak, r{kllk `nnkevk fgnpbvv`gek} r{kl bng{y " [ek nyk ek vgff{pk r{k mk vkv pygpykv kedbe}v,{e ikyaky ek vgff{pk r{k mk vkv pygpykv ng{}gev k} fklb vk nbe`.dkv}k mbev }g{}kv lkv yklà`gev g `lv ek vgff{pke} r{k mk lk{yvpygpykv bvp`ybe}v, mk lk{yv pygpykv nkniykv% Lk fcy`v}`be`vnk, pbyksknplk, m`} 8 Mktkekx fcy}`ke k} lk Fcy`v} vgff{pkyb mk tg{v "

@f`, vk }yg{tb`} {e Nb}yk btkf {e }g{} pk}`} vv}nk, {e vv}nkpykvr{èks`v}be}, nb`v `l btb`} l`nnkevk fg{ybak, l`nnkevk bng{y,l`nnkevk fgnpbvv`ge mèfl{yk lc{nbe`} }g{}k ke}`yk mbev vbpkevk k} mk lb nk}}yk mbev vge f{y% @l b m`} fkf` mbe

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