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Roman Empire. Decline of the Roman Republic. Main causes for the decline of the republic. Spread of slavery in agriculture Migration and unemployment of small farmers Inflation Civil war over power of Julius Caesar. Civil war. First triumvirate takes power (60 BCE) F all of triumvirate. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Roman Empire
Decline of the Roman Republic
• Main causes for the decline of the republic
• Spread of slavery in agriculture• Migration and unemployment of
small farmers• Inflation• Civil war over power of Julius
Caesar
Civil war
• First triumvirate takes power (60 BCE)
• Fall of triumvirate
• Julius Caesar• Crassus• Pompey
• Crassus dies• Pompey becomes consul
Civil war
• Caesar marches on Rome, starting civil war
• Pompey is killed in Egypt• Caesar gains complete control of Rome• Julius Caesar passes popular reforms• Senators later assassinate Julius Caesar
Second triumvirate
• Officially in power (43-33 BCE)
• War between Octavian and Antony
• Octavian (Augustus Caesar)• Lepidus• Marc Antony
• Octavian wins• Becomes first emperor of Rome –
Augustus Caesar
Roman Empire
• Augustus unifies and enlarges empire
• Issues of emperor
• Using imperial authority• Military
• No peaceful transition process
Expansion of Roman Empire
• Rome expands to: • Secures expansion of Republic
• Asia Minor• British Isles
Expansion of Roman Empire
Pax Romana
• What was the Pax Romana?
• Begins under Augustus Caesar• Two centuries of peace and
prosperity• Expansion and solidification of
Roman Empire
Pax Romana
• Economic impact of Pax Romana
• Uniform money system• Expanded trade• Very good road• Safe travel• Prosperity and stability
Pax Romana
• Social impact of Pax Romana
• Political impact of Pax Romana
• Returned stability to social classes
• Increased emphasis on family
• Created civil service• Uniform rule of law
Cultural Contributions - Pantheon
Temple in Rome honoring all the Roman gods and goddesses. Today it is a church
Cultural Contributions – Colosseum
Home of popular spectacle, such as gladiator battles and chariot races.
Cultural Contributions - Forum
Center of commerce and government in Rome.
Cultural contributions – Aqueducts
Aqueducts were bridges used to transport water. They supplied water for drinking and baths.
Cultural Contributions - Roads
Cultural Contributions - Arches
Cultural Contributions
• Science
• Public Health
• Ptolemy
• Public health• Public water systems• Medicals schools
Cultural Contributions
• Language
• Literature
• Latin• Romance languages
• Virgil’s Aeneid
Cultural Contributions
• Law • Twelve Tables – Innocent until proven guilty
Christianity
• Founder
• Roots in Judaism
• Holy Book
• Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ)
• Monotheistic religion• First followers were Jewish
• The Bible • New Testament – accounts of Jesus’
life and teachings of early Christians
Christianity
• Foundational Beliefs
• Jesus was son and incarnation of God
• Life after death exists• Peace, love, and justice• God loves the poor and lowly
Christianity
• Spread of Christianity
• Message very popular with the poor• Apostles spread word though Roman
Empire• Paul of Tarsus main preacher
Christianity
• Persecution of Christians
• Conflicted with polytheism of Roman Empire
• Martyrs inspired others
Christianity
• Christianity becomes legal in 313
• Emperor Constantine converts• Later becomes official state religion
Christianity
• Christianity as an important moral force
• Church councils establish doctrine• Church (Pope) becomes more
important than Emperor• Unifying force in Western Europe
Fall of Rome
• Large size
• Economy
• Military
• Hard to defend and control large area
• Falling value of Roman money• Expensive to defend
• Non-Romans in Army were not loyal to Rome
Fall of Rome
• Moral decay
• Political issues
• Invasion
• Loss of faith in Rome by people
• Conflicts in government• Weak rulers
• Attacks on borders• Eventual attack on Rome itself
Fall of Rome
• Rome is divided in two
• Fall of Western Roman Empire
• Emperor Constantine moves capital to Byzantium, renames it Constantinople
• Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)
• Last Roman Emperor in Rome in 476 CE