Roman Empire

Decline of the Roman Republic

• Main causes for the decline of the republic

• Spread of slavery in ___________________

• Migration and unemployment _________________________• Inflation• Civil war over power of

__________________________

Civil war

• First triumvirate takes power (60 BCE)

• Fall of triumvirate

• Julius Caesar__________________________

• Crassus dies• Pompey becomes _____________

Civil war

• Caesar marches on Rome, starting _____________________

• Pompey is killed in _____________• ______________ gains complete control

of Rome• Julius Caesar passes popular reforms• Senators later assassinate

__________________

Second triumvirate

• Officially in power (43-33 BCE)

• War between Octavian and Antony

• Octavian (Augustus Caesar)__________________________________

• Octavian wins• Becomes first emperor of Rome –

______________________

Roman Empire

• Augustus unifies and enlarges empire

• Issues of emperor

• Using imperial authority• ______________

• No peaceful transition process

Expansion of Roman Empire

• Rome expands to: • Secures expansion of Republic

• ______________• ______________

Expansion of Roman Empire

Pax Romana

• What was the Pax Romana?

• Begins under Augustus Caesar• Two centuries of

_________________________• Expansion and solidification of

__________________

Pax Romana

• Economic impact of Pax Romana

• Uniform money system• Expanded trade• Very good road• ______________________• ______________________

Pax Romana

• Social impact of Pax Romana

• Political impact of Pax Romana

• Returned stability to social classes

• Increased emphasis on ________________

• Created civil service• __________________

Cultural Contributions - Pantheon

Temple in Rome honoring all the Roman gods and goddesses. Today it is a church

Cultural Contributions – Colosseum

Home of popular spectacle, such as gladiator battles and chariot races.

Cultural Contributions - Forum

Center of commerce and government in Rome.

Cultural contributions – Aqueducts

Aqueducts were bridges used to transport water. They supplied water for drinking and baths.

Cultural Contributions - Roads

Cultural Contributions - Arches

Cultural Contributions

• Science

• Public Health

• Ptolemy

• Public health• Public water systems• _________________

Cultural Contributions

• Language

• Literature

• Latin• Romance languages

• Virgil’s _____________

Cultural Contributions

• Law • _________________________________– Innocent until proven guilty

Christianity

• Founder

• Roots in Judaism

• Holy Book

• Jesus of Nazareth (Jesus Christ)

• Monotheistic religion• First followers were ______________

• __________________• New Testament – accounts of Jesus’

life and teachings of early Christians

Christianity

• Foundational Beliefs

• Jesus was son and incarnation of __________

• Life after death exists• Peace, love, and justice• God loves the

________________________

Christianity

• Spread of Christianity

• Message very popular with the ______________

• Apostles spread word though _____________________

• Paul of Tarsus main preacher

Christianity

• Persecution of Christians

• Conflicted with polytheism of Roman Empire

• _______________ inspired others

Christianity

• Christianity becomes legal in 313

• Emperor Constantine converts

• Later becomes official _______________________

Christianity

• Christianity as an important moral force

• Church councils establish ______________________

• Church (Pope) becomes more important than Emperor

• Unifying force in _________________________

Fall of Rome

• Large size

• Economy

• Military

• Hard to defend and ___________________________

• Falling value of Roman money• _________________________

• Non-Romans in Army were not loyal to Rome

Fall of Rome

• Moral decay

• Political issues

• Invasion

• Loss of faith in Rome by people

• Conflicts in government• ____________________

• ______________________• Eventual attack on Rome itself

Fall of Rome

• Rome is divided in two

• Fall of Western Roman Empire

• Emperor Constantine moves capital to Byzantium, renames it _______________________

• Eastern Roman Empire ____________________________

• Last Roman Emperor in Rome in 476 CE