Roman Intellectual Life (CL 720) Prof. Hannah Čulík-Baird

culik@bu.edu; @opietasanimi Spring 2020; Tues 3.30-6.15pm, STH 441

How did the Romans know their world? And how did they communicate their knowledge? How does the status of an individual affect their intellectual production? How did scholarly circles organize themselves? How did systems of writing and data visualization structure systems of thought? What do intellectual traditions reveal about Roman theories of cultural generation and regeneration? What kind of information is preserved and passed on, what kind forgotten? How does loss of knowledge occur? How did the Romans work together to compose, edit, and refine their works? How have generations of scholarship curated ancient material according to discursive categories? In this course students are introduced to intellectual life at Rome via an exploration of and wide variety of texts and objects from antiquity.

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Wall painting from Pompeii (V.4.13; Museo Nazionale Inv. 4676) with spatula, tablet book, inkwell, book scroll. Image: materiaconference.net/gallery. See Frampton 2019: 86-87.

version 1.0

Exams, assessments, policy: • Weekly Selections. (10%) Every week, email me two selections of text (can be secondary or

primary) which particularly interest you. I will collect these and put them on a handout to distribute and work with in class, so please send them to me in good time (ideally the night before). You are exempt from this whenever you give a classroom report.

• Classroom Reports. (10%; 10%) Complete two classroom reports over the course of the semester: 1) scholarship report; 2) text report. Plan to speak for 10-15 mins.* Summarize main points, analyze significance, and connect to broader themes of the course. Please make a handout.

• Research Paper. (25%) Develop a research question of your choosing, and produce a 15-20 page paper (double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12-point font, 1” margins; + bibliography). Meet with me before finalizing your research topic. Due at the final exam (date tbd).

• Research Paper Presentation. (25%) Present your research paper to the rest of the class during the final session. Your oral presentation should be 15-20 mins in length.* Receive feedback from myself and your classmates to incorporate into your final paper.

• Final Exam. (20%) Identifications of key terms (list generated together in class over the semester); translation and interpretation of texts discussed in class. Date tbd.

> tl;dr: Weekly Selections: 10%; Classroom Reports (2): 10% + 10%; Research Paper: 25%; Research Paper Presentation: 25%; Final exam: 20%.

*A speaker with an average rate of speech will take 2 mins to read 1 page of text (double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12-point font, 1” margins). An oral report of 15-20 mins (the standard length of time for conference papers in Classics) requires a script of 8-10 pages. You must write scripts for your presentations in this class.

Scholar visits/skype sessions: Given that this is a course about intellectual communities, I have invited several local and international scholars to speak with us about their expertise in person or via skype: Enrica Sciarrino (Cato); Leah Kronenberg (Varro); Stephanie Frampton (Roman Book); Joseph Howley (Aulus Gellius); Diana Spencer (Varro). Some of these will have to be outside of the usual class due to time differences/to fit schedules!

Twitter: I’ll be tweeting (@opietasanimi) images/texts pertinent to the course on the hashtag #romanintellect, and you’re welcome to join me if you like twitter (speaking of scholarly communities…). Twitterati whose work we’ll be using: Josephine Balmer (@jobalmer), Sarah Bond (@SarahEBond), John Dugan (@sicsicsinefine), Stephanie Frampton (@saframpton), Melissa Gustin (@Hosmeriana), Joseph Howley (@hashtagoras), Michele Kennerly (@mjkennerly), Elizabeth Marlowe (@ElizMarlowe), Andrew Riggsby (@AntiqueThought), Diana Spencer (@DianaJSpencer).

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Lateness & Academic Integrity:All work is due on the dates specified except in case of emergencies. If you are unable to attend an exam due to such an emergency, you must contact me before class. If I am not in my office, leave a message in the department office with Classics staff (617-353-2427), or email me (culik@bu.edu). Violations of academic conduct (such as plagiarism) will be reported to the Dean. For the code, see: http://www.bu.edu/academics/policies/academic-conduct-code/. Plagiarism is a serious offence, and benefits no one. If you are ever in a crisis over a paper or report and are tempted to plagiarize, come speak to me instead. 

Disability & Accommodation:Any student requesting accommodations based on disability should contact BU’s Disability Services: http://www.bu.edu/disability/.

SCHEDULE OF READINGS The instructor reserves the right to make changes as she sees fit.

Readings available on blackboard (learn.bu.edu).

Week 1: 21st Jan. Introductions. Approaches. — no selections this week

• Randall Collins, “Coalitions in the Mind,” in The Sociology of Philosophies (ch 1, pp19-53) • Thomas Habinek, “Tentacular Mind. Stoicism, neuroscience, and the configurations of

physical reality” (pp64-83) • Hayden White, “Narrativity in the representation of reality,” (ch 1, pp1-25); “The Context in

the Text: Method and Ideology in Intellectual History,” (ch 8, pp185-214) in The Content of the Form

• Focus Passage: Cicero to Varro (Fam. 9.8)

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Week 2: 28th Jan. Fragmentation.

• Josephine Balmer (2017) The Paths of Survival [short, stimulating poetry collection on life span of papyrus fragment of Aeschylus’ Myrmidons]

• Kevin Young, “The Shadow Book,” (pp11-20) in The Grey Album: On the Blackness of Blackness • Anna Carlotta Dionisotti, “On fragments in classical scholarship,” (pp1-33) in Collecting

Fragments • Anne Carson, “How Not to Read a Poem: Unmixing Simonides from Protagoras,” CP pp110-130 • Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, “What Are the Powers of Philology,” (pp1-8); “Identifying

Fragments,” (ch 1, pp9-23) in The Powers of Philology • Elizabeth Marlowe, “Introduction: Contradictions,” (pp1-7); “Indifference to Context,” (ch 2,

pp37-52), in Shaky Ground • Hannah Čulík-Baird, “Fragments of ‘anonymous’ Latin verse in Cicero,” in Boris Kayachev

(ed.) Poems Without Poets (forthcoming)

• Test case 1) poetry: • 1a) Ennius’ Annales (epic): “Ilia’s dream” = Skutsch 34-50

• Otto Skutsch commentary (pp193-202); Jacqueline Elliott, “The Voices of Ennius’ Annales,” (ch 3, pp38-54) in Ennius Perennis; Jacqueline Elliott, “The pre-Vergilian sources,” (ch 2, pp75-134) in Ennius and the Architecture of the Annales

• 1b) Ennius’ Medea (tragedy): opening lines = TrRF II 89 • Henry Jocelyn commentary (pp350-356); Robert Cowan, “A Stranger in a Stange Land:

Medea in Roman Republican Tragedy,” (ch 3, pp39-52) in Heike Bartel and Anne Simon (eds.) Unbinding Medea

• Test case 2) oratory: Julius Caesar De Poenis Coniuratorum = Malcovati pp391-392 • Henriette van der Blom, “The oratorical springboard: Caesar’s political career,” (ch 5,

146-180) in Oratory and political career; review by Hannah Čulík-Baird [JRS] • Gesine Manuwald Loeb 540: Fragmentary Republican Oratory, Part I. “General Introduction”

pp xiii-xxxv, esp. “Sources and Evidence” p xviii; “ ‘Fragments’ of Roman Oratory” p xx; “Editorial practice” p xxx

• Test case 3) history: fragments of Q. Fabius Pictor = Cornell vol. 2 pp46-105 • Arnaldo Momigliano, “Fabius Pictor and the Origins of National History,” (ch 4, pp80-108)

in The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography

Optional 1): A study of Iamblichus’ citational practices which allows the discovery of apparently bone fide fragments of Aristotle: Douglas Hutchinson and Monte Ransome Johnson, "Authenticating Aristotle's Protrepticus." Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 29 (2005), pp193-294. For more on their work, see: http://www.protrepticus.info/

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Optional 2): Browse through Henry Bardon’s La Littérature Latine Inconnue (Vol. 1: Republican; Vol 2: Imperial) = on lost literature (from the 1950s, an interesting idea much in need of a modern take); browse Maurice’s The Writing of the Disaster (trans. Ann Smock)

Optional 3): Browse through Jane Crawford’s two very interesting studies: 1) Cicero: the lost and unpublished orations (1984); 2) Cicero: the fragmentary speeches (2nd edition: 1994)

Week 3: 4th Feb. “Inventing” Latin Literature.

• The Oxford History of the Roman World, “Tables of events” p491 • Sander Goldberg, “Ruins” (ch 1, pp3-27), “Reconstructions” (ch 2, pp28-57) in Epic in Republican

Rome (1995) • Thomas Habinek, “Latin literature and the problem of Rome,” (ch 1, pp15-33); “Why Was Latin

Literature Invented?” (ch 2, pp34-68) in The politics of Latin Literature (1998) • Thomas Habinek, “Song and Foundation,” (ch 1, pp8-28), “Song, Ritualization, and

Agency,” (ch 2, pp34-55), “Song and Speech” (ch 3, pp58-104) in The World of Roman Song (2005); • The World of Roman Song review by Michèle Lowrie [BMCR] • Dennis Feeney, “The Beginnings of a Literature in Latin,” JRS (2005), pp226-40 • Sander Goldberg, “Introduction,” (pp1-19); “The Muse Arrives,” (pp20-51) in Constructing

Literature in the Roman Republic (2005) • Enrica Sciarrino, “Situating the Beginnings of Latin Prose,” (ch 1, pp1-37) in Cato the Censor

(2011) • Dennis Feeney, “The Interface between Latin and Greek,” (ch 3, pp65-91); “A Literature in the

Latin Language,” (ch 6, pp152-178) in Beyond Greek (2016) • Focus Passages:

• Cicero TD 1.3, TD 4.3; Cicero Brut. 71-73; Cicero De Sen. 44-46.

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Week 4: 11th Feb. Cato the Elder. + skype session with Enrica Sciarrino (Univeristy of Canterbury)

• Enrica Sciarrino, “Inventing Latin Prose: Cato the Censor and the Formation of a New Aristocracy,” (ch 4, pp117-160) in Cato the Censor and the beginnings of Latin prose

• Cato’s De Agricultura in translation (Loeb; or Andrew Dalby 1998/2010 [reasonably priced kindle version of the latter])

• Browse through the testimonia and fragments of Cato’s other works; consider: which authors are most responsible for transmitting Cato’s historical fragments? does the transmitting language matter? do the nature of the fragments depend on the genre? • Cato’s Origines = Cornell vol. 2 pp134-243 • Cato’s oratory = Malcovati pp12-97

• Did Cato really bring Ennius to Rome? [a step in the “myth-making”]: Ernst Badian, “Ennius and his friends” pp151-208, esp. pp155-163.

• Focus Passages: • Cato De Agr. preface; De Agr. 156 (on cabbage) + 157 (on cabbage again); Gell. 6.4.7 on Cato Pro

Rhodiensibus (Origines Bk 5); Cicero De Sen. 3; Cicero De Sen. 38; Cicero Off. 1.37; Nepos Cato 3; Livy 34.1-4.

Optional: Patricia Fara, “Preface” (xv-xvi); “Sanctity” (ch 1, pp1-29) in Newton: The Making of a Genius [v. interesting analysis of processes behind how an individual is made into a larger than life “genius”/“icon”]; cf. Cicero’s Cato De Senectute, Plutarch’s Cato

Week 5: 18th Feb. - no class “BU Monday”

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Week 6: 25th Feb. Genealogies.

• Randall Collins, “Networks across the Generations,” in Sociology of Philosophies (ch 3, pp54-79) • Paul Connerton, “Social memory,” (ch 1, pp6-40); “Commemorative ceremonies,” (ch 2,

pp41-71) [well worth reading ch 3, “Bodily practices”] in How Societies Remember • Mircea Eliade, “Archetypes and Repetition,” (ch 1, pp1-48) in Cosmos and History • Enrica Sciarrino, “Hyperreality, Intertextuality, and the Study of Latin Poetry” Arethusa (2015)

pp369-390 • Harold Bloom, “Introduction,” (pp5-16) in Anxiety of Influence • Steven Hinds, “Reflexivity: allusion and self-annotation,” (ch 1, pp1-16); “Repetition and

change,” (ch 4, pp88-122); “Tradition and self-fashioning,” (ch 5, pp123-144) in Allusion and intertext

• Harriet Flower, “The significance of Imagines,” (ch 1, pp16-31); “Defining the Imagines?” (ch 2, 32-59); “Ancestors at the Funeral: The Pompa Funebris,” (ch 4, pp91-127) in Ancestor Masks and Aristocratic Power in Roman Culture [this whole book is worth a read if you can]; Flower’s Ancestor Masks is about the positive remembrance of the past; cf. Flower’s The art of forgetting (2006), which is about rejecting as a group parts of the past you don’t like

• John Pollini, “Ritualizing Death in Republican Rome” (ch 1, pp13-68) in From Republic to Empire • Hannah Čulík-Baird, “Tom Habinek on ‘generativity’ (SCS 2020),” https://opietasanimi.com/

2020/01/05/habinek/ • Focus Passages:

• Polybius 6.53-54; Cicero De Or. 2.1-5; Cicero De Am. 1-5; Cicero Pis. 1-3; Vergil Aen. 5.553-576; Seneca Ben. 3.28; Martial Ep. 4.40; 5.35; 8.6; Pliny NH 35.4-6; Barberini Togatus [high res images courtesy of Melissa Gustin @Hosmeriana].

Optional: Johnny Ryan, “Part 1: Distributed network, centrigual ideas,” in A History of the internet and the digital future; esp. ch 1, “A concept born in the shadow of the nuke,” pp11-22; on Paul Baran using neurological theory to develop a centrifugal network which would eventually become the internet! the design of the internet is based on the human brain!!

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Week 7: 3rd March. Varro. + Leah Kronenberg (Boston University) visit

• Diana Spencer (2019) Language and Authority in de Lingua Latina: Varro’s Guide to Being Roman (in entirety)

• Leah Kronenberg, “The art of farming” (ch 3, pp76-93); “The morality of farming,” (ch 4, pp94-107), “The politics of farming” (ch 5, pp108-131) in Allegories of Farming

• Grant A. Nelsestuen, “Creating the agronomical field of res rusticae,” (ch 2, pp31-72); “The Song of Faustulus: Pastures and Provinces in RR 2,” (ch 4); “Varro’s imperial estate and its intellectual contexts,” (ch 7, pp211-239) in Varro the Agronomist

• Jacqueline Dangel, “Varron et les citations poetiques dans le De Lingua Latina.” In Calboli ed. Papers on Grammar pp97-122.

• Giorgio Piras, “Cum poeticis multis uerbis magis delecter quam utar: poetic citations and etymological enquiry in Varro's De lingua Latina.” In David Butterfield ed. Varro Varius, pp51-72

• Ker, James (2004) “Nocturnal Writers in Imperial Rome: The Culture of Lucubratio,” Classical Philology 99.3, pp 209-242

• Varro fragments = Funaioli pp179-371 https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000875541 • Varro RR book 1 (Loeb); LL book 5 (Loeb)

• Focus Passages: • Varro RR 1.1.1-11; RR 1.69.1-3; RR 2 preface, 2.1-3; RR 3.1-3; LL 5.1-9; LL 6.50; Cicero TD 4.67.

Optional: Arnaldo Momigliano, “The Rise of Antiquarian Research,” (ch 3, pp54-79) in The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography

Week 8: SPRING BREAK

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Week 9: 17th March. Intellectual personnel; social technologies.

• Foreigners in Rome: • Elizabeth Rawson, “Greek Writers and their Readers,” (ch 4, pp54-65); “Intellectuals in Rome

I,” (ch 5, pp66-83) in Intellectual life in the late Roman Republic; “Roman rulers and philosophical advisers,” in Philosophia Togata I ed. Miriam Griffin

• John Dugan, “How to Make (and Break) a Cicero” (pp35-77) [on Cicero re: Archias and Philodemus]

• Alexander Krappe, “Tiberius and Thrasyllus,” AJP 48 pp359-366 • Robert Kaster, “The Social Status of the Grammarians,” (ch 3) in Guardians of Language

• Enslavement and extensibility: • Thomas Habinek “Slavery and Class,” (ch 27, pp385-393) in A companion to Latin literature • William Fitzgerald, “The other self: proximity and symbiosis,” (ch 1, pp13-31) in Slavery and

the Roman Literary Imagination • Rex Winsburg, “Slavery as the enabling infrastructure of Roman literature,” (ch 8, pp79-85)

in The Roman Book • Écriture féminine?:

• Amy Richlin, “Introduction: In Search of Roman Women,” (pp1-35); “Emotional Work: Lamenting the Roman dead,” (ch 9, pp267-288) in Arguments with Silence

• Raffaella Cribiore, “Women and Education,” (ch 3, p74-101) in Gymnastics of the Mind • Emily Ann Hemelrijk “Patronesses of literature and learning,” (ch 4, pp92-139); “Women and

writing: poetry, (ch 5, pp140-173); “Women and writing: prose,” (ch 6, pp177-197) in Matrona docta

• Patricia Rosenmeyer, “Greek Verse Inscriptions in Roman Egypt: Julia Balbilla’s Sapphic Voice,” CA pp334-358

• Eckhardt, Hella “Literacy and the Life Course: Gender,” (ch 10, pp176-189) in Writing and Power in the Roman World

• Kristina Milnor, “Gender and Genre: The Case of CIL 4.5296,” (ch 4, pp191-232) Graffiti and the Literary Landscape in Roman Pompeii

• Thomas Habinek “Roman Women’s Useless Knowledge,” (ch 6, pp122-126) in The politics of Latin literature

• Cicero’s Pro Archia [Archias] and In Pisonem [Philodemus] in translation (Loeb) • Suetonius’ De grammaticis et rhetoribus in translation (Loeb); + Robert Kaster commentary • Focus Passages:

• Cicero Arch. 4-6; Cicero Pis. 68-75; Tac. Ann. 6.20-22; Suet. Tib. 62; Cicero Att. 13.21a1.2; Julia Balbilla; P. Oslo inv. 1444; Oscan/Latin inscription (c. 100 BCE); CIL 13.8355; Ausonius Ephemeris 7; CIL 4.5296.

Optional: Harold Tarrant (1993) Thrasyllan Platonism.

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Week 10: 24th March. Intellectual technologies.

• Elizabeth Rawson, “The mathematical arts,” (ch 11, pp156-169); “Medicine,” (ch 12, pp170-184), “Architecture and Allied Subjects,” (ch 13, pp185-200); “Geography and Ethnography,” (ch 17, pp250-266) in Intellectual Life in the late Roman Republic

• Sarah Bond, “Did the Ancient Romans Use Infographics?” Hyperallergic.com • Andrew Riggsby, “Lists” (ch 1, pp10-41), “Tables and Tabular Organization,” (ch 2, pp42-82);

“Representing Three Dimensions,” (ch 4, pp130-153); “Representing Two Dimensions,” (ch 5, pp154-201) in Mosaics of Knowledge

• Time and Cosmos (ISAW) volume, edited by Alexander Jones: • Karlheinz Schaldach, “Measuring the Hours: Sundials, Water Clocks, and Portable

Sundials,” (ch 3, pp63-94); Daryn Lehoux, “Days, Months, Years, and Other Time Cycles,” (ch 4, pp95-122); Bernhard Weisser, “Roman Imperial Imagery of Time and Cosmos,” (ch 7, pp171-183)

• Daryn Lehoux, Astronomy, Weather, and Calendars in the Ancient World [browse: on parapegmata] • Inga McEwen, “Introduction,” (pp1-14); “The Angelic Body,” (ch 1, pp14-90); “The Body

Beautiful,” (ch 3, pp155-224) in Vitruvius: Writing the Body of Architecture • Marden Fitzpatrick Nichols, “Plunder, Knowledge, and Authorship in Vitruvius’ De

Architectura in Rome, Empire of Plunder: The Dynamics of Cultural Appropriation pp93-108 • Joseph Geiger, “Hebdomades (Binae?)” CQ pp305-309 • Vitruvius De Architectura: Book 1 (all); Book 2 preface +2.1; Book 5 preface; Book 9 (all); Book 10

preface, 10.1-4, 10.16. [read at least a few paragraphs in Latin to get a sense of the style; a preface and maybe one or two of more technical writing]

• Look through Ingrid Rowland and Thomas Howe’s illustrations to Vitruvius’ De Architectura [Mugar: NA2515 .V6135 1999]. Is there a reason to think that the treatise originally did nor did not have diagrams?

• Focus Passages: • Vitr. De Arch. Book 1 preface; Vitr. De Arch. 9.8.1; Livy 41.28; Pliny NH 3.16-18; Gell. 3.10;

Herakleia sundial (Louvre: MA 2820) [Image: ISAW; Time and Cosmos no. 3]; Feriale Campanum (Naples) [Image: ISAW; Time and Cosmos no. 27]; Tabula Peutingeriana [Image: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek].

Optional: Daryn Lehoux (2012) What Did the Romans Know?

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Week 11: 31st March. The Roman Book. + skype session with Stephanie Frampton (MIT)

• Stephanie Frampton, “Classics and the Study of the Book,” (ch 1, pp13-32); “The Text of the World,” (ch 3, pp55-84); “Tablets of Memory,” (ch 4, pp85-108); “Ovid and the Inscriptions,” (ch 6, pp141-162); “Conclusion: Texts and Objects,” (pp163-170) in Empire of letters

• Stephanie Frampton, “What to do with books in the De Finibus,” TAPA, pp117-147. [Project Muse]

• David Konstan, “Excerpting as a reading practice," (pp9-22) in Thinking through excerpts: Studies on Stobaeus

• William Johnson, “Reading as a sociocultural system,” (ch 1, pp3-16), “Pragmatics of Reading” (ch 2, pp17-31) in Readers and Reading Culture

• Joseph Howley, “Book-burning and the uses of writing in ancient Rome,” JRS pp213-236 • Rex Winsburg, “Atticus and Co. — Roman publishers?” (ch 5, pp53-56); “Bookshops and

copyshops: a trip to Rome’s Argiletum and Sigillaria,” (ch 6, pp57-66); “Books for looks: the library shelves as imperial patronage,” (ch 7 pp67-78) in The Roman Book

• Nicholas Horsfall, “Empty Shelves on the Palatine,” Greece and Rome 2.40 pp58-67 • Gregory Snyder, “Jewish and Christian groups,” (ch 5, pp122-216) in Teachers and Texts • pick any two chapters in Jason König and Greg Woolf eds. Ancient Libraries • Focus Passages:

• Catullus 1, 68a.36-40; Cicero Fin. 3.7-10; Att. 16.6.4; Ovid Tr. 1.1; 3.1; Strabo 13.1.54; Pliny NH 13.23-24, Isidore of Seville Etym. 6.10; Martial Ep. 183-195; CIL 4.1173.

Be able to define the following terms: capsa, charta, codex, commentarii, cornua, coronis, diple, διφθέραι, κόλληµα, membrana, παράγραφος, pugillares, scapus, scrinia, σελίς, σίλλυβος, tabellae, umbilici.

Optional: Florence Dupont (1999) The Invention of Literature: From Greek Intoxication to the Latin Book (trans. by Janet Llyod) [Anacreon, Catullus 50, and Apuleius’ Metamorphoses as “unreadable”]

**NB: papyrologist Dirk Obbink and alleged sale of New Testament papyri to Hobby Lobby: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2020/jan/09/a-scandal-in-oxford-the-curious-case-of-the-stolen-gospel **

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Week 12: 7th April. Collaboration, competition; performance. + skype session with Joseph Howley (Columbia)

• Sean Gurd, “Cicero and Editorial Revision,” Classical Antiquity 26.1, pp49-80. [jstor] • Dupont, Florence, “Recitatio and the reorganization of the space of public

discourse,” (pp44-59) in Thomas Habinek and Alessandro Schiesaro eds. The Roman cultural revolution

• Michele Kennerly, “The Cares of Quintilian,” (ch 6, pp159-185); “Past, Present, and Future Eloquence,” (ch 7, pp186-203); “Kissing Tiro; or, Appreciating Editing,” (pp204-212) in Editorial Bodies

• Susan Mattern, “The Contest: Rivals, Spectators, and Judges,” (ch 3, pp69-97) in Galen and the Rhetoric of Healing

• Joseph Howley, “How to Read the Noctes Atticae,” (ch 1, pp19-65); “Gellius in the History of Writing about Reading,” (ch 2, pp66-111); “Gellius on Pliny: Fashioning the Miscellanist and His Readerly Lifestyle,” (ch 3, pp112-156) in Aulus Gellius and Roman Reading Culture

• Johnson, William, “Pliny and the Construction of Reading Communities,” (ch 3, pp32-62); “Doctors and Intellectuals: Galen’s Reading Community,” (ch 5, pp74-97); “Fronto and Aurelius: Contubernium and Solitary Reader,” (ch 7, pp137-156) in Readers and Reading Culture

• Read in English the fragmentary preface to Noctes Atticae; Book 6 (all). • Focus Passages:

• Pliny Ep. 3.5; 5.17; 7.17; 9.34; Gellius 5.21; 7.13; 9.15; 11.17; 13.20; Apuleius Florida 18.

Optional 1): Liba Chaia Taub, Aude Doody eds., Authorial Voices in Greco-Roman Technical Writing (2009), esp. Laurence Totelin “Galen’s Use of Multiple Manuscript Copies in his Pharmacological Treatises.”

Optional 2) Malcolm Heath “Technography,” (ch 8, pp255-276) in Menander: A Rhetor in Context

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Week 13: 14th April. “Scribes and Scholars.”

• Christine Thomas, The Acts of Peter, Gospel Literature, and the Ancient Novel (all; this is a short book with long appendices); an alternative to “textual stabilization” as Classicists often theorize it?

• Kristina Milnor, “Authorship, Appropriation, Authenticity,” (ch 3, pp137-190) in Graffiti and the Literary Landscape

• Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, “Editing Texts,” (ch 2, pp24-40); “Writing Commentaries,” (ch 3, pp54-68) in The Powers of Philology

• Jerome McGann, “Modern Textual Criticism: A schematic history,” (ch 1, pp15-22); “Modern Textual Criticism: The central problems,” (ch 2, pp23-36); “The Ideology of Final Intentions,” (ch 3, pp27-51); “The Problem of Literary Authority,” (ch 7, pp81-94) in A Critique of Modern Textual Criticism

• James Zetzel, “Past and Present: From Caecilius Epirota to Valerius Probus,” (ch 4, pp59-78); “Dictionaries, Glossaries, Encyclopedias,” (ch 6, pp95-120); “Author, audience, text,” (ch 9, pp201-228), “Dictionaries and Encyclopedias,” (ch 10, pp229-252); “Commentaries,” (ch 11, pp253-278) in Critics, Compilers, and Commentators

• familiarize yourself with history of textual transmission with Scribes and Scholars. A Guide to the Transmission of Greek & Latin Literature.

Optional: James Zetzel, “Emendavi ad Tironem: some notes on scholarship in the 2nd c. AD,” HSCP 77, pp225-243

Week 14: 21st April - no class “BU Monday”- BARSC April 24th. + session with Diana Spencer (University of Birmingham)

Week 15: 28th April. - STUDENT PRESENTATIONS.

Week 16: - Exam during exam period (date tbd); RESEARCH PAPER DUE.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

For a general overview of Roman literature you may wish to read Elaine Fantham’s Roman Literary Culture: From Plautus to Macrobius (2nd ed: 2013) [Mugar: PA60003 .F36 2013; Čulík-Baird shelf]; or Gian Biagio Conte’s Latin Literature: A History (1995) [Mugar: PA6008 .C6613 1994]. Additionally, the New Pauly and the Oxford Classical Dictionary can be consulted for more information about specific authors, individuals, or concepts. However, please bear in mind, as Hayden White describes it, the “ultimately provisional nature of every generalization.” Look at the evidence and make your own assessment. Everything we think we know about the ancient world can be reinterpreted with new eyes.

Funaioli = Gino Funaioli’s Grammaticae romanae fragmenta (1907) https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000875541 Jocelyn = Henry Jocelyn (1967/1969) The Tragedies of Ennius [Čulík-Baird shelf] Malcovati = Enrica Malcovati’s Oratorum Romanorum Fragmenta (1955) [Čulík-Baird shelf]; steadily being replaced by Gesine Manuwald’s 2019 Loebs and the forthcoming FRRO project, but still has value Schierl = Petra Schierl (2006) Die Tragödien des Pacuvius : ein Kommentar zu den Fragmenten mit Einleitung, Text und Übersetzung [online via Mugar] Skutsch = Otto Skutsch (1985) The Annals of Quintus Ennius [Čulík-Baird shelf] TrRF = Tragicorum Romanorum Fragmenta, Vol. 1 ed. Markus Schauer (2012), Vol. 2. ed. Gesine Manuwald (2012); both available online via Mugar

Astin, Alan E. (1978) Cato the Censor. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. [Mugar: DG253.C3 A87] Badian, Ernst (1972) “Ennius and his friends” in Otto Skutsch ed. Ennius. Entretiens sur l’antiquité classique 17. Geneva. pp151-208. Balmer, Josephine (2013) Piecing Together the Fragments: Translating Classical Verse, Creating Contemporary Poetry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar] Balmer, Josephine (2017) The Paths of Survival. Shearman Books [Čulík-Baird shelf]; also: https://thepathsofsurvival.wordpress.com/ Baraz, Yelena (2012) A written republic: Cicero’s philosophical politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. [online via Mugar]

While it is not traditional for first names to be used in bibliographies, following guidance prduced by the Athena 1

SWAN charter regarding gender equity in research, I have included the first and last names of scholars. I have two reasons for doing this: 1) studies show that when a reading list includes only surnames, students tend to assume that the scholar is male; 2) giving the first name of scholars who identify as women gives more awareness of their work in a field that still produces all-male panels, and all-male edited volumes. Many thanks to Jane Draycott (@JLDraycott) who provided me with the guidelines implemented at the University of Glasgow.

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Bardon, Henry (1952-1956) Littérature Latine Inconnue (Vol. I + II). Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck. [Mugar: PA6005 .F52/Čulík-Baird shelf] Beard, Mary (1986) “Cicero and divination: the formation of a Latin discourse,” The Journal of Roman Studies 76, pp33-46. [jstor] Blanchot, Maurice (1995) The Writing of the Disaster. Translated by Ann Smock. Nebraska. [Čulík- Baird shelf] van der Blom, Henriette (2010) Cicero’s Role Models: The Political Strategy of a Newcomer. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar] van der Blom, Henriette (2016) Oratory and political career in the late Roman republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [online via Mugar]; review by Hannah Čulík-Baird (2018) [JRS] Bloom, Harold (1973) The Anxiety of Influence. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar] Bond, Sarah (Sept. 30, 2019) Did the Ancient Romans Use Infographics?” Hyperallergic.com  Bonner, Stanley Frederick (1977) Education in Ancient Rome. London: Methuen. [Mugar: LA81 .B65; Čulík-Baird shelf] Butler, Shane (2011) Matter of the Page: Essays in Search of Ancient and Medieval Authors. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. [online via Mugar]; review by Stephanie Frampton (2016) [BMCR] Butterfield, David ed. (2015 ) Varro Varivs: The Polymath of the Roman World. Vol. 39 of Cambridge Classical Journal: proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society: Supplementary volume. [ILL] Carson, Anne (1992) “How Not to Read a Poem: Unmixing Simonides from Protagoras,” Classical Philology 87.2 pp110-130 [jstor] Casson, Lionel (2001) Libraries in the Ancient World. New Haven: Yale University Press. [online via Mugar] Collins, Randall (2002) The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press [online as ACLS Humanities e-book] Connerton, Paul (1989) How Societies Remember. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. [off-site at BU/Čulík-Baird shelf] Cowan, Robert (2010) “A Stranger in a Stange Land: Medea in Roman Republican Tragedy,” in Heike Bartel and Anne Simon (eds.) Unbinding Medea. London: Routledge pp39-52 [online via Mugar] Crawford, Jane (1984) Cicero: the lost and unpublished orations. Hypomnemata: Heft 80. [Mugar: PA6285 .C7 1984] Crawford, Jane (1994) Cicero: the fragmentary speeches. American Classical Studies, no. 37. [Mugar: PA6283 .A2 1994b] Cribiore, Raffaella (2001) Gymnastics of the Mind: Greek education in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. [online via Mugar]

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Čulík-Baird, Hannah (2018) “Stoicism in the Stars: Cicero’s Aratea in the De Natura Deorum,” Latomus 77.3 pp646-670. Čulík-Baird, Hannah (2020) “Tom Habinek on ‘generativity’ (SCS 2020),” https://opietasanimi.com/2020/01/05/habinek/ Čulík-Baird, Hannah (forthcoming) “Fragments of ‘anonymous’ Latin verse in Cicero,” in Boris Kayachev (ed.) Poems Without Poets. [from Čulík-Baird] Dangel, Jacqueline (2001) “Varron et les citations poetiques dans le De Lingua Latina.” In Gualtiero Calboli , ed., Papers on Grammar (6) pp97-122. Dickey, Eleanor (2016) Learning Latin the ancient way: Latin textbooks from the ancient world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Čulík-Baird shelf] Dionisotti, Anna Carlotta (1997) “On fragments in classical scholarship,” in Glenn Most (ed) Collecting Fragments. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp1-33 Dufallo, Basil (2007) The Ghosts of the Past. Latin literature, the Dead, and Rome’s Transition to a Principate. The Ohio State University. [Mugar: PA6029.D43 D84 2007/Čulík-Baird shelf]   Dugan, John (2001) “How to Make (and Break) a Cicero: Epideixis, Textuality, and Self- fashioning in the Pro Archia and In Pisonem,” CA 20.1 pp35-77 [jstor] Dugan, John (2005) Making a New Man. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar]Dupont, Florence (1997) “Recitatio and the reorganization of the space of public discourse,” in Thomas Habinek and Alessandro Schiesaro eds. The Roman cultural revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Mugar: DG279 .R618 1997] Dupont, Florence (1999) The Invention of Literature: From Greek Intoxication to the Latin Book (trans. by Janet Llyod). Baltimore and London:  John Hopkins University Press. [Mugar: PA3009 .D8613 1999] Eckhardt, Hella (2018) Writing and Power in the Roman World. Literacies and Material Culture. New York: Cambridge University Press. [online via Mugar]; https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/roman-ink-wells/ Eliade, Mircea (1959) Cosmos and History. The Myth of the Eternal Return. [Mugar: BD701. F65; Čulík-Baird shelf] Elliott, Jacqueline (2007) “The Voices of Ennius’ Annales,” (ch 3, pp38-54) in William Fitzgerald and Emily Gowers (eds) Ennius Perennis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Čulík- Baird shelf] Elliott, Jacqueline (2013) Ennius and the Architecture of the Annales. New York: Cambridge University Press. [online via Mugar] Fara, Patricia (2004) Newton: The Making of a Genius. New York: Columbia University Press. [Čulík-Baird shelf] Fantham, Elaine (2004) The Roman World of Cicero’s De Oratore. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar] Fitzgerald, William (2000) Slavery and the Roman literary imagination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [online via Mugar/Čulík-Baird shelf]

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Feeney, Dennis “The Beginnings of a Literature in Latin,” JRS (2005), pp226-40 [jstor] Feeney, Dennis (2016) Beyond Greek: The Beginnings of Latin Literature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. [online via Mugar] Flower, Harriet (1996) Ancestor masks and aristocratic power in Roman culture. Oxford; Clarendon Press; New York; Oxford University Press. [Mugar: DG103 .F56 1996; Čulík-Baird shelf] Flower, Harriet (2006) The Art of Forgetting: Disgrace and Oblivion in Roman Political Culture. The University of North Carolina Press. [online via Mugar] Frampton, Stephanie (2016) “What to do with books in the De Finibus,” TAPA 146.1, pp117-147. [Project Muse] Frampton, Stephanie (2017) “Alexandria in the Googleplex,” in Eidolon. https://eidolon.pub/ alexandria-in-the-googleplex-or-the-pre-history-of-the-universal-library-cf6a2a5c3198? gi=fcaf45c5fe34 Frampton, Stephanie (2019) Empire of letters: writing in Roman literature and thought from Lucretius to Ovid. New York: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar] Geiger, Joseph (1998) “Hebdomades (Binae?)” CQ pp305-309 [jstor] Gibson, Roy K. and Christina Kraus (2002) The classical commentary: history, practices, theory. Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava. Supplementum; 232. Leiden: Brill. [online via Mugar] Goldberg, Sander (1995) Epic in republican Rome. New York: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar; Čulík-Baird shelf] Goldberg, Sander (2005) Constructing Literature in the Roman Republic: Poetry and its Reception. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. [Mugar: PA6047 .G65 2005]   Goldschmidt, Nora (2012), “Absent Presence: pater Ennius in Renaissance Europe,” Classical Receptions Journal, 4.1 pp1-19 [online via Mugar] Goldschmidt, Nora (2013) Shaggy Crowns: Ennius’ Annales and Virgil’s Aeneid. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar] Gurd, Sean (2007) “Cicero and Editorial Revision,” Classical Antiquity 26.1, pp49-80. [jstor] Gurd, Sean (2012) Work in Progress: Literary Revision as Social Performance in Ancient Rome. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar] Gumbrecht, Hans Ulrich (2003) The Powers of Philology: Dynamics of Textual Scholarship. University of Illionois Press. [Čulík-Baird shelf] Gumbrecht, Hans Ulrich (2004) Production of Presence: What Meaning Cannot Convey. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. Gunderson, Erik (2009) Nox philologiae: Aulus Gellius and the fantasy of the Roman library. Madison, Wisconson: University of Wisconsin Press. [online via Mugar] Habinek, Thomas N. (1998) The politics of Latin literature: writing, identity, and empire in ancient Rome. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. [online via Mugar] Habinek, Thomas N. (2005a) The World of Roman Song: from ritualized speech to social order. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press [Mugar: PA6019 .H33 2005/Čulík-Baird shelf; review by Michèle Lowrie [BMCR]

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Habinek, Thomas N. (2005b) “Slavery and Class,” (ch 27, pp385-393) in Stephen Harrison ed. A Companion to Latin literature. Malden, MA: Blackwell [online via Mugar] Habinek, Thomas N. (2011) “Tentacular Mind. Stoicism, neuroscience, and the configurations of physical reality,” in Barbara M. Stafford ed. A Field Guide to a New Meta-field. Bridging the Humanities-Neurosciences Divide. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp64-83 [Čulík- Baird shelf] Heath, Malcolm, (2004) Menander: A Rhetor in Context. Oxford: Oxford University Press [online via Mugar] Hemelrijk, Emily Ann, (1999) Matrona Docta: educated women in the Roman élite from Cornelia to Julia Domna. London, New York: Routledge. [Mugar: HQ1136 .H45 1999] Hinds, Stephen, (1998) Allusion and intertext: dynamics of appropriation in Roman poetry. New York: Cambridge University Press. [Mugar: PA6047. H56 1998] Horsfall, Nicholas (1993) “Empty Shelves on the Palatine,” Greece and Rome 2.40 pp58-67 [jstor] Houston, George (2014) Inside Roman Libraries: Book Collections and Their Management in Antiquity. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina. [Čulík-Baird shelf]; review by Stephanie Frampton (2016) [Classical World] Howley, Joseph (2018) Aulus Gellius and Roman reading culture: text, presence, and imperial knowledge in the Noctes Atticae. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. [online via Mugar] Hutchinson, Douglas and Monte Ransome Johnson (2005), “Authenticating Aristotle's Protrepticus,” in Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 29 (2005), pp193-294. http://www.protrepticus.info/ Johnson, William (2010), Readers and Reading Culture in the High Roman Empire: A Study of Elite Communities. Oxford: Oxford University Press [online via Mugar] Konstan, David (2011) “Excerpting as a Reading Practice.” In Reydams-Schils, ed., Thinking through excerpts: Studies on Stobaeus. Brepolis pp9-22. Lowrie, Michèle (2009), Writing, Performance, and Authority in Augustan Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar] Marrou, Henri Irénée (1956 ) A History of Education in Antiquity. Translated by George Lamb. University of Wisconsin Press. [A BIT old fashioned now; Mugar: LA71 .M3713 1982] Mattern, Susan (2008) Galen and the Rhetoric of Healing. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press. [online via Mugar] McElduff, Siobhán and Enrica Sciarrino eds. (2011), Complicating the History of Western Translation: The Ancient Mediterranean in Perspective.  Manchester; Kinderhook, NY:  St. Jerome Publishing. McEwan, Indra Kagis, (2003) Vitruvius: Writing the Body of Architecture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Mugar: NA2515 .M38 2003] Milnor, Kristina (2014) Graffiti and the Literary Landscape in Roman Pompeii. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar]

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Kaster, Robert (1988) Guardians of Language. The Grammarian and Society in Late Antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press. [online via Mugar] Keulen, Wytse Hette (2009) Gellius the Satirist: Roman Cultural Authority in Attic Nights. Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava. Supplementum; 297. Leiden; Boston: Brill. [online via Mugar] Kennerly, Michele (2018) Editorial Bodies: Perfection and Rejection in Ancient Rhetoric and Poetics. Columbus: The University of South Carolina Press. [online via Mugar; Čulík-Baird shelf] Ker, James (2004) “Nocturnal Writers in Imperial Rome: The Culture of Lucubratio,” Classical Philology 99.3, pp 209-242. [jstor]Kenyon, Frederic G. (1951) Books and Readers in Ancient Greece and Rome. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Mugar (offsite): Z112 .F51; Čulík-Baird shelf] König, Jason and Greg Woolf eds. Ancient Libraries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Krappe, Alexander (1927) “Tiberius and Thrasyllus,” AJP 48 pp359-366 [jstor] Lehoux, Daryn (2007) Astronomy, Weather, and Calendars in the Ancient World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lehoux, Daryn (2012) What Did the Romans Know? An inquiry into science and worldmaking. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. [Science & Engineering Library: Q124.95 .L44 2012; Čulík-Baird shelf] Loar, Matthew, Carolyn MacDonald, and Dan-el Padilla Peralta eds. (2017) Rome, Empire of Plunder: The Dynamics of Cultural Appropriation. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. [online via Mugar] Marlowe, Elizabeth (2013) Shaky Ground: Context, Connoisseurship and the History of Roman Art. London; New York: Bloomsbury [Čulík-Baird shelf] Manuwald, Gesine (2019) Loeb 540: Fragmentary Republican Oratory, Part I. [online Loeb library] McGann, Jerome (1992) A Critique of Modern Textual Criticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [Mugar: P47 .M34 1992; Čulík-Baird shelf] McNamee, Kathleen (2007) Annotations in Greek and Latin Texts from Egypt. Ann Arbor: Univeristy of Michigan Press. Moatti, Claudia (2015) The Birth of Critical Thinking in Republican Rome. New York: Cambridge University Press. (English translation of La raison de Rome, 1997) [Law Library: DG241.2,M6313 2015] Momigliano, Arnaldo (1990) The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography. Berkeley: University of California Press. [online via Mugar; Čulík-Baird shelf]Nelsestuen, Grant A. (2015) Varro the Agronomist: Political Philosophy, Satire, and Agriculture in the Late Republic. Columbus: The Ohio State University. [online via Mugar; Čulík-Baird shelf] Nichols, Marden Fitzpatrick (2017) “Plunder, Knowledge, and Authorship in Vitruvius’ De Architectura in Matthew Loar, Carolyn MacDonald, Dan-el Padilla Peralta (eds.) Rome, Empire of Plunder: The Dynamics of Cultural Appropriation. pp93-108 [online via Mugar] Piras, Giorgio (2015) “Cum poeticis multis verbis magis delecter quam utar: poetic citations and etymological enquiry in Varro’s De Lingua Latina.” In David Butterfield ed. Varro Varius.

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Cambridge: Cambridge Philological Society, pp51-72. Pollini, John (2012) From Republic to Empire: Rhetoric, Religion, and Power in the Visual Culture of Ancient Rome. Oklahoma series in classical culture. [online via Mugar] Rawson, Elizabeth (1985) Intellectual life in the late Roman Republic. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press. [Mugar: DG241.2 .R38 1985/Čulík-Baird shelf]   Reynolds, Leighton D. and Nigel G. Wilson (1968/2013) Scribes and Scholars. A Guide to the Transmission of Greek & Latin Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Mugar: PA47 .R4 2013] Reynolds, Leighton D. and Peter K. Marshall (1983) Texts and transmission: a survey of the Latin classics. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Mugar: PA47 .T49 1983]Richlin, Amy (2014) Arguments with Silence: writing the history of Roman women. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press [online via Mugar] Riggsby, Andrew M. (2019) Mosaics of Knowledge: representing information in the Roman world. New York: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar] Rosenmeyer, Patricia (2008)“Greek Verse Inscriptions in Roman Egypt: Julia Balbilla’s Sapphic Voice,” CA pp334-358 [jstor]Rowland, Ingrid and Thomas Howe (1999) Vitruvius: ten books on architecture. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. [Mugar: NA2515 .V6135 1999; Čulík-Baird shelf] Rust, Eleanor (2009) Ex Angulis Secretisque Librorum: Reading, Writing, and Using Miscellaneous Knowledge in the Noctes Atticae. Los Angeles: University of Southern California dissertation. [ProQuest] Ryan, Johnny (2013) A History of the Internet and the Digital Future. Reaktion Books. [online via Mugar] Sciarrino, Enrica (2011) Cato the Censor and the Beginnings of Latin Prose: From Poetic Translation to Elite Transcription. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. [online via Mugar; Čulík-Baird shelf] Sciarrino, Enrica (2019) “Traces of Philology in Mid Republican Latin Poetry,” Ramus 48.2. Small, Jocelyn Penny (1997) Wax Tablets of the Mind. Cognitive studies of memory and literacy in classical antiquity. London: Routledge. Snyder, H. Gregory (2000) Teachers and Texts in the Ancient World: philosophers, Jews, and Christians. London; New York: Routledge. [Theology library: B177. S59 2000; partially online via Google books] Spencer, Diana Spencer (2019) Language and Authority in de Lingua Latina: Varro’s Guide to Being Roman. Wisconsin studies in Classics [online via Mugar] Stroup, Sarah Culpepper (2010) Catullus, Cicero, and a Society of Patrons. The generation of the text. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. [Mugar: DG78 .S88 2010; Čulík-Baird shelf]   Tarrant, Harold (1993) Thrasyllan Platonism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. [Mugar: B517 .T37 1993]

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Tarrant, Richard (1989), “The Reader as Author: Collaborative Interpretation in Latin Poetry,” in John N. Grant, ed. Editing Greek and Latin Texts. New York: AMS Press. pp121-162 [Mugar: PA47 .C6 1987] Thomas, Christine (2003) The Acts of Peter, Gospel Literature, and the Ancient Novel: Rewriting the Past. Oxford; New York. [online via Mugar] Young, Kevin (2012) The Grey Album: On the Blackness of Blackness. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press [Čulík-Baird shelf]Winsbury, Rex (2009) The Roman Book. London: Duckworth [Čulík-Baird shelf]; review by Joseph Howley [JRS] Zetzel, James (1973) “Emendavi ad Tironem: some notes on scholarship in the 2nd c. AD,” HSCP 77, pp225-243 Zetzel, James (2018) Critics, Compilers, and Commentators. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. [online via Mugar; Čulík-Baird shelf]

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via @liber.librum.aperit on instagram (8th Jan

2020)