Upload
gramoz-cubreli
View
235
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
1/16
Common Lexic in Romanian and lbanian.Substrate and Loanwords
Dan Ungureanu, Charles University, Prague
Department of Balkanic Studies
Chair of Romanian Language
The following is a list of common words between Romanian and Albanian. We used the AlbanianEtymological Dictionary of Vladimir Orel, Brill, Leiden, 1998.
We must add we do not share all the etymologies proposed by the Russian author. For instance,
he considers the words shared by Albanian and Romanian, but without a Slavic or Latin origin, as being
loanwords from Albanian into Romanian. We have added, in a second list, the words common to Albanian
and Romanian. Most are present in Arumanian as well.
So the hypothesis of Orel is, somehow, not unlikely. But it is just a statement, as words common
to Romanian and Albanian come, in Romanian, from the Dacian substrate.
So are they loanwords or substrate ? As we have shown in our article about the substrate, with
examples from many languages, the words common to Romanian, Arumanian and Albanian are,
typologically, substrate in many languages. A few of them, of course, are Wanderwrter.
Difficult cases
Rom. a altoi , Alb. mltoj to graft . Both look alike. The Romanian word is considered as being of
Hungarian origin, oltvny, olt, itself of Ugric etymology. The Albanian term is deduced from Lat. maritare.
Unclear. Possible coincidence. As long as we do not have the decisive Arumanian term (there are different
synonyms forgrafting in Arumanian) we should accept the traditional etymologies.
Romanian biat, boy belongs to a semantically unstable category, with many synonyms, each
easily replaced. Italian has more than thirty different dialectal terms. We found Emiliano-RomagnoloMantovan bagaet ragazzo, boy but, among so many variants to chose from, it may be a coincidence.
boy is an affectionate/expressive word, and, like all affectionate words, belongs to a rich list of ever-
replaced terms.
Rom. dop cork, bottle stopper, bouchon was usually derived from Saxon dop, but, as Albanian and
Arumanian show, it must be Dacian or late Latin.
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
2/16
In the table below, the Romanian meaning is indicated only when different from the Albanian one.
Albanian Albanian meaning Romanian Origin
1 agjroj to fast a ajuna Latin
argsh crude raft ; harrow Arge Dacian
argjend silver argint Latin
ark a bow arc Latin
arqit willow rchit Slavic
ashk wood splinter achie Latin
avull steam, vapor abur Dacian
balt swamp, marsh balt Dacian
bardh white barz Ciconia sp. Dacian
10 bark belly, abdomen burt Dacian
bark boat barc Latin
bashk fleece, wool basc Dacian
begat rich bogat Slavic
bij daughter cf. biat boy Dacian
bishtaj pod, hull, pea pstaie pod Dacian
blude wooden bowl blid Slavic
braz(d) furrow brazd Slavic
brek pants a se mbrca, brcinari Latin
breshk tortoise broasc frog Dacian
20 brez belt bru, brne Dacianbrushtull heather brusture Dacian
brym frost brum Latin
bukur beautiful bucuros happy Dacian
bulbr dust pulbere Latin
bullog dragon s den ; den brlog Slavic
bung oak, Quercus sessiliflora bunget Dacian
but big barrel bute Latin
buz lip, edge buz Dacian
cic breast, nipple Dacian
30 cjap he-goat ap Dacianas time ceas Slavic
et clan, armed group ceat, group Slavic
etin pine-tree cetin, fir needles Dacian
what ce Latin
dalt chisel dalt Slavic
derdh to pour out (derdelu?) frozen slope Dacian
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
3/16
detyr debt, duty datorie Latin
drmoj to plummet down, cut in
pieces
a drma tear off Latin
dobis to win a dobndi Slavic
40 dojk wet-nurse doic Slavic
drejt straight, right drept Latindru tree, wood druete (archaic) Dacian
edh he-goat ied kid Latin
engjll angel nger Latin
ergjnd silver argint Latin
eshk fungus iasc Dacian, not Latin
fam fame, reputation faim Latin
faqe face, cheek fa Latin
fark smithy ; from lat. fabrica faur, smith from faber Latin
50 fat friend (not from fatum) ft Latin
femr woman (femeie) Latinfmij child, family, spouse femeie Latin
flak, pl. flakra flame flacr Latin
flojere flute fluier Dacian
flok hair floc Latin
flutur butterfly fluture Dacian
fraq biting cold frig Latin
frashr ash-tree frasin Latin
fre bridle frie Latin
60 fruer February furar Latin
fryt fruit frupt Latinfshat village sat Latin
fshik, pshik blister bic Latin
ftuj (vtul) one year old she-goat vtui Dacian
furk fork, distaff furc distaff, fork, Latin
fytyr face fptur body Latin
gamule heap, mound mgur Dacian
gardh fence gard Dacian
gatuaj make ready, prepare a gti Slavic
70 gavr hole gaur Dacian
glbaz liver fluke glbeaz Dacian
grmadh ruin grmad heap Slavic
gilc sinew, groin glci Slavic
glas birds droppings gina Latin
gozhup lambskin waistcoat cojoc Slavic
grabis to steal, rob a grbi (arch. to steal) Slavic
gradin garden grdin Slavic
grazhd manger grajd horse stall Slavic
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
4/16
grebash rake grebl Slavic
80 grop hole, grave groap Slavic
grun wheat grne wheat Latin
gurmaz gullet grumaz Dacian
gush crop, not throat gu Dacian
gjelbn green galben yellow Latingjob fine, penalty gloab Slavic
harabel sparrow vrabie Slavic
harmshor stallion, stud armsar Latin
hirr /*ksira whey zer Dacian
iriq hedgehog arici Latin
90 kaule hood cciul Dacian
kade barrel cad Latin
kal horse cal Latin
kalibe hut colib Greek or Dacian
or Wanderwortkangjel song cntec, cntecel Latin
kapruall roebuck cprior, cprioar Latin
karrabisht earwig crbu bug Latin or Greek
kastravet cucumber castravete Slavic
katund village (old Wanderwort)
Mongol, Ainu qotan
ctun Dacian or
Wanderwort
kelbaz spleen inflammation, liver
fluke
glbeaz Dacian
kmish shirt cma Latin
100 kndoj to sing a cnta Latinkng song cntec Latin
kput sole cput Latin
kpurdh mushroom ciuperc Dacian
kpush tick cpu Dacian
krkoj to seek, to look for a cerca Latin
kob bad augury cobe Dacian
kofsh hip, thigh coxa coaps Latin
kom mane coam Latin
110 kopil bastard copil unknown
korb raven corb Latin
kos skythe coas Slavic
kos plait cosi Slavic
kosis to mow a cosi Slavic
kosore small skythe cosor pruning knife Slavic
kosh basket co Slavic
kreshm Lent, Quadragesima presimi Latin
krnd foliage, brushwood, leaves creang,crng Dacian
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
5/16
as fodder
krushk unmarried relative cuscru Latin
120 kryq cross cruce Latin
kujtoj to remember, to think a cugeta Latin
kuk alone (singur) cuc Dacian
kukut fennel cucut (cicuta) Latinkula pancake colac, colaci Slavic
kulm ridge, peak culme Latin
kulpr, Geg
kurpn
ivy, clematis curpeni vines Dacian
kulloshtr beestings, colostrum colastr, corasl Latin
kumtr godfather (analogically from
commater)
cumtru Latin
kunat brother-in-law cumnat Latin
130 kund somewhere unde where Latin
kungoj to communicate Latinkung (Orthodox) altar a cumineca to take
communion
Latin
kunj peg, wedge cui, Banat cun' nail Latin
kunjoj to close a sack with a peg a ncuia to lock up Latin
kuptoj to understand cumpt good judgement Latin
kup heap, pile cup haystack Slavic
kuror, kunor crown cunun Latin
kurt yard curte Latin
kurv whore curv Slavic
140 kushri cousin cusurin (Arum.) cousin Latinkut cubitus, length of a foot cot Latin
kuvend speech cuvnt word Latin
labrgoj to undo, to untie a lbra to get large,
untied
Dacian
laj to wash a la Latin
lak trap, snare, rope la snare, slipknot Latin
lakm greedy lacom Slavic
lapush big-eared Lbu dog name, re-
etymologized from lab paw
Dacian
larushk wild vine luruc Vitis silvestris Latin
lardh fat bacon, lard lard (Transylvania) Latin
150 larg far (away) larg wide Latin
lart, nalt high nalt Latin
latyr rinse water lturi Latin
ledh mud, clay lut clay Latin
lel dirty woman, slut lele ; slut ; aunt Slavic
lepr leprosy lepr Latin
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
6/16
lepur hare iepure Latin
lngoj weaken, languish lingoare Latin
lshoj to let, to leave, to free a lsa Latin
li, pl. linj flax, linen in Latin
160 lic flax tow, cli ie Latin licium, usually
only the plural licia, warp.
Latin
liktyr rope for binding a bundle of
wood
legtur, a tie Latin
linj linen shirt ie, linen shirt Latin
liq woof, weft ie warp Latin
lopat shovel, oar lopat shovel, oar Slavic
loze tendrils of vine loz vine Slavic
lter altar altar Latin
luan lion leu Latin
lubenic water-melon lubeni Slavic
luft battle, fight lupt fight, battle Latin170 lukr sheep lucru thing, work Latin
lundr boat luntre Latin
lylyver rainbow curcubeu Dacian
lipsem to miss a lipsi Greek
llap tongue, language limb Latin
mac cat (not Slavic) m Slavic
macoll mallet mai, mallet, malleolus Latin
magar donkey mgar Dacian or
Wanderwort or
Balkanismmahnis to stupefy a mhni to get sad Slavic
mal mountain ; also mal tip,
summit
mal shore, bank Dacian
180 makar at least mcar at least Greek
martes marriage mriti marriage Latin
martoj to marry a mrita to marry (about
women)
Latin
mashkull male, man mascur male pig, boar , hog Latin
mashurk,
modhull
green bean, pod mazre green pea Dacian
matk queen bee matc Slavic
matuk mattock mciuc (all three, and
French massue
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
7/16
mbloj to fill a umple Latin
190 mbret king, emperor mprat Latin
mend mind minte Latin
mezhd baulk, strip of land between
fields
mejdin Slavic
mkat sin pcat Latinmltoj to graft plants (lat. mar itare) a altoi Latin or
Hungarian
mllag marsh mallow, Malva sp. nalb (pre-Indo-eur.)
mllenj black bird mierl Latin
mllez Ostrya carpinifolia, hop-
hornbeam, charme-houblon
molid
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
8/16
against Orel)
moll apple, apple tree mr apple, apple tree Latin
more, bre vocative used to call a man mre, bre (Balkanic) Dacian
mort death moarte Latin
230 mosh age mo very old man Dacian
mrezh fishing net mreaj Slavicmug twilight amurg evening Dacian
mugull shoot, bud, sprout mugur Dacian
mulli mill moar Latin
murg dark murg brown (horse) Dacian
musht new wine, Fr. mot must Latin
myshk moss muchi Latin ?
myj medulla mduv medulla Latin
neprk adder, viper (not from
Slavic)
nprc Dacian
nevoj need nevoie Slavic
240 nmroj to number a numra Latin
ngarkoj to load, to charge a ncrca Latin
Ngop to sate, to cram a ndopa Dacian
ngujoj to enclose, to lock in a ncuia Latin
ngusht narrow ngust Latin
nip grandson, nephew nepot Latin
notoj to swim a nota Latin
njegull fog, mist negur Dacian
oborr yard, court obor Slavic
250 ograj pasture ograd, yard Slavic
okoll around ocol Slavic
oping shoe opinc Slavic
orok term, limit, appointment soroc Slavic
osht pole, drawbar oite, cart-pole Slavic
otav second crop of hay otav Slavic
pakzoj baptise a boteza Latin
palnj maple paltin Latin
paq peace pace Latin
pashk Easter Pate Latin
260 patkua horseshoe potcoav Slavic
pelin Absinthium, wormwood pelin Slavic
pendar watchman pndar Slavic
peng fetters for horse piedic Latin
peshk fish pete Latin
pllmb palm palm Latin
pllumb pigeon, dove porumbel Latin
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
9/16
prgjoj to pry, peep, spy a priveghea Latin
przhish to roast a prji Slavic
prall tale, story, parabola absent in Rom.(palavris a late, independent
loan from Greek )
270 prrua brook, river-bed pru Dacian
psoj suffer, to endure a pi Latin
pik drop picur Latin
pirr rye-grass pir Latin < Gr.
pis cat pisic Dacian
pjepr / -n melon pepene Latin
plep poplar plop Latin
plug plow plug Slavic
pluhur powder pulbere Latin
plumb lead plumb Latin
280 pllaj upland, gentle slope plai Latin
pllaz sole of plow plaz Slavic
pllosk flat wooden bottle plosc Slavic
pod story, floor, cellar pod Slavic
pojat shack, cattle-pen poiat Slavic
polic shelf poli Slavic
poll apron poale Slavic
popull people popor Latin
porosit to order, demand a porunci Slavic
port door poart Latin
290 postaf (stone) trough postav Slavic
postat garden plot postat Slavic
praf dust, powder praf Slavic
prag threshold prag Slavic
prashis to hoe over, rake over a pri Slavic
pre prey, booty, plunder prad Latin
prndver spring primvar Latin
prift priest preot Latin
prill April Prier Latin
prind parent printe Latin
300 pul hen (pui) Latin
pulp calf (of leg) pulp Latinpunjashe purse (pung) Slavic
pup(z) hoopoe (lat. upupa) pupz
pyll forest pdure Latin
qartoj to quarrel a se certa Latin
qarr bitter oak cer Latin
qep onion ceap Latin
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
10/16
qershi cherry cirea Latin
qet quiet ncet Latin
310 q which, that ce Latin
qytet city cetate Latin
rend row rnd Slavic
raqit broom (bush) rchit Slavicrmr/n Valachian, shepherd romn Latin
rr sand arin (dial.) Latin
rshin resin rin Latin
ris lynx rs Slavic
rob serf, prisoner rob Slavic
robtisa to make work hard a roboti Slavic
320 rois (bees) to swarm a roi Slavic
roi swarm of bees roi Slavic
ros duck ra Dacian
rungaj/rungoj avalanche/to weed a arunca Latinrrall rare rar Latin
rrazbitem to weaken a rzbito break,
to defeat
Slav
rrnd rennet rnz Dacian
rrnoj to ruin a urni
rrshaj Pentecost, Rosalia Rusalii Latin
rrip precipice rp Latin
rrogoz reed mat rogoz, rogojin Slav
330 rrojb Carthamus roib madder Latin
rrot wheel roat Latinsabje sword sabie Slav
saj /sanj sledge sanie Slav
sembr two peasants using common
cattle
smbr Dacian
sit sieve sit Slav
sfejk beet sfecl Slav
sfurk rake furc Latin
sill power, force sil Slav
simotr colleague, fellow cumtru Latin
340 skopit to castrate a scopi Slav
sorr crow cioar Dacian
sovajk shuttle suveic Slav
stan stall, herd stn Dacian or
unknown
strvin corpse strv Slav
stog haystack stog Slav
stopan chief shepherd (Iran. word) stpn master Slav
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
11/16
streh eaves of roof streain Slav
strug a plane (instrument) strung Slav
sut female deer, doe ciut, ut. Dacian
350 shenj sign semn Latin
shndosh healthy sntos Latin
shigjet arrow sgeat Latinshkardh dog chain zgard Dacian
shkmbej to change a schimba Latin
shkndij spark scnteie Latin
shkors rug made of goat wool scoar rug Dacian
shkruaj to write a scrie Latin
shkrumb thing burned to black ashes scrum Dacian
shkurt short scurt Latin
360 short lot soart Latin
shpatull shoulder spate Latin
shpuz hot ashes spuz Latinshqepoj to be lame chiop Latin
shtag pole, stick (tang) Slav
shterp barren, sterile stearp Dacian
shtrg stork strc Slav
shtrat bed, layer strat Latin
shtrembr crooked, curved strmb Latin
shtrngoj to press, to squeeze a strnge Latin
shtrung milking enclosure strung Dacian
370 shurdr deaf surd Latin
tang resentment, prejudice,damnation
tnguire grief Dacian
tend tent tind, entry room Latin
trfoj trefoil trifoi Latin
trsir rope (made of genista) trsn Dacian
tin slime, mud tin Dacian
tis yew tis Slav
toill whetstone tocil Slav
topr small axe topor Slav
tort rope tort yearn Latin
380 trajst knapsack, sack Wanderwort traist Dacian
treg market trg Slav
trubull turbid tulbure Latin
trup corpse trup, body Slav
tuf bundle tuf bush Latin
turm herd turm Latin
turtull turtle-dove turturea Latin
thark enclosure (for milking arc Dacian
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
12/16
sheep)
thep point, cog, tooth eap Dacian
thrrime fem. pl. crumb frme fem.pl. Dacian
390 thith nipple Latin
thumbull button (the two are not
clearly related)
smbure (stone of fruit) Dacian
ugar fallow land ogor Slav
ulrij to shout, howl a urla to shout, howl Latin
ungj uncle unchi Latin
urdh cheese made from whey urd Dacian
uroj to wish luck, to congratulate a ura, to wish Latin
urtund big vessel without handles rotund round Latin
urrej to hate a ur Latin
ushtar soldier otean soldier Latin
400 ushunj lard osnz Latin
val valley vale Latinval wave val Latin
vatr fire-place, hearth vatr Dacian
vedr pail (for milk) vadr Slav
velenx woolen blanket (Balkanic
word, borrowed by Alban
from Gr from Sl. according
to Orel)
velin
verbr, verb blind orb Latin
verdh yellow verde green Latin
ver summer var Latinver/ven wine vin Latin
410 verig chain ring verig Dacian
veshkt faded, withered veted Latin
veshtull mistletoe vsc Latin
vrs age vrst Slav
vrshoj to flood, overflow a vrsa to pour Latin
vrtet truth adevr Latin
vrtit to turn a nvrti Latin
vrtyt strenght vrtute Latin
vidr otter vidr Slav
virgjr maiden, virgin vergur (obsolete) Latin
420 vishnje cherry viin Slav
vitrk stepfather vitreg (stepmother or
father)
Latin
vjersh poem vier Latin
vjetr old btrn Latin
vrah pile of sheaves vraf pile Slav
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
13/16
vrazhd unfriendly vrajb enmity Slav
vurkollak werewolf vrcolac Slav
zbavit to scatter a izbvi to save Slav
zan goddess of forests, fairy zn Latin
zgurdhe rectum zgu Dacian
430 zgjebe itch, scab zgaib scab Latinzgjyr rust zgur
432 zid wall zid Slav
Albanian Albanian meaning Romanian Arumanian
argsh crude raft ; harrow Arge Dacian
avull steam, vapor abur abur Dacianbalt swamp, marsh balt balt Dacian
bardh white barz Ciconia sp. bardzu Dacian
5 bark belly, abdomen burt - Dacian
bashk fleece, wool basc Dacian
bij daughter cf. biat boy - Dacian
bishtaj pod, hull, pea pstaie pod pstalji Dacian
breshk tortoise broasc frog broasc Dacian
10 brez belt bru, brne brnu Dacian
brushtull heather brusture broshturu Dacian
bukur beautiful bucuros happy bucurilji Dacianbung oak, Quercus sessiliflora bunget - Dacian
buz lip, edge buz budz Dacian
cic breast, nipple tsts Dacian
cjap he-goat ap tsapu Dacian
etin pine-tree cetin, fir needles - Dacian
derdh to pour out derdelu frozen slope Dacian
dru tree, wood druete (archaic) Dacian
20 flojere flute fluier filjioar Dacian
flutur butterfly fluture - Dacian
ftuj (vtul) one year old she-goat vtui vitulju Daciangamule heap, mound mgur mgur Dacian
gardh fence gard gardu Dacian
gavr /zgaver hole gaur gavr Dacian
glbaz /k- liver fluke glbeaz glbadz Dacian
gurmaz gullet grumaz grumazu Dacian
gush crop, not throat gu gushi Dacian
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
14/16
hirr /*ksira whey zer dzru Dacian
30 kaule hood cciul cciul Dacian
katund village (Wanderwort)
mongol, Ainu qotan
ctun ctunu Dacian
kpurdh mushroom ciuperc ciupernic Dacian
kpush tick cpu cpushi Dacian
kob bad augury cobe cob Dacian
kopil bastard copil copil Dacian or
Wanderwort
or Slavic
krnd foliage, brushwood, leaves
as fodder
creang,crng grang Dacian
kuk alone (singur) cuc - Dacian
40 kulpr, Geg
kurpn
ivy, clematis curpeni vines curpanu Dacian
labrgoj to undo, to untie a lbra to get large,untied
- Dacian
lapush big-eared Lbu dog name, re-
etymologized from lab
paw
leap,
ureche de
saric
Dacian
lylyver rainbow curcubeu curcubeu Dacian
magar donkey mgar yumaru
(from
Greek ? )
Dacian or
Balkanism
mal mountain ; also mal tip,
summit
mal shore, bank - Dacian
mashurk,
modhull
green bean, pod ; chick-
pea
mazre green pea madzri Dacian
mazatore one year old heifer mnzat veal mndzatu Dacian
mllez Ostrya carpinifolia, hop-
hornbeam, charme-
houblon
molid
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
15/16
Orel's dictionary.
neprk adder, viper (not from
Slavic)
nprc nprtic Dacian
60 Ngop to sate, to cram a ndopa andopu Dacian
njegull fog, mist negur negur Dacian or
Lat. nebula
prrua brook, river-bed pru - Dacianros duck ra - Dacian
rrnd rennet rnz cljeagu Dacian
sembr two peasants using
common cattle
smbr Dacian
sorr crow cioar - Dacian
stan stall, herd stn stani Dacian or
unknown
sut female deer, doe ciut, ut. ciut, - Dacian
shkardh dog chain zgard Dacian
70 shkors rug made of goat wool scoar rug Dacianshkrumb thing burned to black
ashes
scrum scrumu Dacian
shterp barren, sterile stearp stearp Dacian or
Latin
shtrung milking enclosure strung strung Dacian
tang resentment, prejudice,
damnation
tnguire grief - Dacian
trsir rope (made of genista) trsn Dacian
tin slime, mud tin Dacian
trajst knapsack, sack
Wanderwort
traist tastru,
trastiru
Dacian or
Wanderwort
thark enclosure (for milking
sheep)
arc - Dacian
80 thep point, cog, tooth eap - Dacian
thrrime fem.
pl.
crumb frme fem.pl. Dacian
thumbull button (the two are not
clearly related)
smbure (stone of fruit) smburi Dacian
urdh cheese made from whey urd urd Dacian
vatr fire-place, hearth vatr vatr Dacian
verig chain ring verig (a)veriga Dacian
85 zgurdhe rectum zgu Dacian or
coincidence
8/9/2019 Romanian and Albanian Common Vocabulary-libre
16/16
Some etymologies in Orel's dictionary are disputed or wrong. For instance,
Albanesegarcomes from Italiangara, competition, race. It is a recent loanword.
Albanesefraq cold, frost comes, probably, from Lat. frigus, cold,friget, it is cold. Lithuaniani and
Latvian words are phonetically and semantically far-fetched.
The vocabulary pertaining to sheep husbandry is heavy with substrate words. It is most unlikely
that Albanians, sedentary shepherds, have learned anything about sheep husbandry from the immigrant
Slavs. French douve, Rom. glbeaz,liver fluke, Greek flukes worm are all
substrate. And, if it is a Slavic loanwords, why would Albanians not borrow the Slavic word forfluke, and
chose the name of the sausage ? In the overwhelming majority, loanwords keep a literal meaning.
Albanian could not borrow this word neither from Bulgarian (in Bulgarian, sausage is lukanika, a
Greek word) nor from Serbian : the Serbian form is kobasica.