RomanticismRomanticism(1800 – 1850)(1800 – 1850)

Goodbye, Age of Reason; Goodbye, Age of Reason;

Hello, Age of Emotion!Hello, Age of Emotion!

Romanticism – What it Romanticism – What it is…is…

Characteristics of RomanticismCharacteristics of Romanticism:: EmotionEmotion, instead of reason, instead of reason Rejected Enlightenment focus on Rejected Enlightenment focus on

reasonreason Glorification of nature – good & badGlorification of nature – good & bad Favored Favored personal freedompersonal freedom Often looked to Often looked to ideals of Middle Agesideals of Middle Ages

(faith, honor, chivalry; also (faith, honor, chivalry; also architecture)architecture)

Expanded across Europe; Expanded across Europe; also U.S.also U.S.

Romanticism – Where it came Romanticism – Where it came from…from…

Jean-Jacques Jean-Jacques RousseauRousseau – “the first – “the first Romantic”Romantic”

““Noble savage”Noble savage” ideal ideal Inspired by French Inspired by French

RevolutionRevolution (early (early parts)parts)

Reaction to Reaction to Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution – the “dark Satanic – the “dark Satanic mills” (Wm. Blake)mills” (Wm. Blake)

Romanticism – What it Romanticism – What it created…created…

Romantic themes expressed in:Romantic themes expressed in: LiteratureLiterature PoetryPoetry ArtArt MusicMusic ArchitectureArchitecture

Often closely tied with Often closely tied with nationalist nationalist causescauses

Often led to Often led to political reform political reform movements and revolutionsmovements and revolutions

Johann Wolfgang von Johann Wolfgang von GoetheGoethe

GermanGerman Sturm und Sturm und

DrangDrang – “Storm – “Storm and Stress” – and Stress” – intense intense emotionemotion

Sorrows of Sorrows of Young WertherYoung Werther (1774) – very (1774) – very influentialinfluential

FaustFaust (1806) (1806)

William Wordsworth & William Wordsworth & Samuel Taylor ColeridgeSamuel Taylor Coleridge

English poetsEnglish poets Influenced by Influenced by

RousseauRousseau Lyrical BalladsLyrical Ballads (1798) (1798)

– launched Romantic – launched Romantic movement in Englandmovement in England

Poems were simple Poems were simple themes of nature themes of nature (Wordsworth) or (Wordsworth) or moody, otherworldly moody, otherworldly pieces (Coleridge)pieces (Coleridge)

Included Included “Tintern “Tintern Abbey”Abbey” (WW) and (WW) and “Rime of the Ancient “Rime of the Ancient Mariner”Mariner” (STC) (STC)

Wordsworth – “Daffodils” Wordsworth – “Daffodils” (1804)(1804)I wandered lonely as a cloudI wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o'er vales and That floats on high o'er vales and hills,hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shineContinuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,And twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineThey stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Along the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.dance.

The waves beside them danced; but The waves beside them danced; but theytheyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:In such a jocund company:I gazed--and gazed--but little thoughtI gazed--and gazed--but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had What wealth the show to me had brought:brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lieFor oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,In vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeThey flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;Which is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils. And dances with the daffodils.

Sir Walter ScottSir Walter Scott ScottishScottish Long Long narrative narrative

poemspoems and and historical novelshistorical novels

Deeply influenced Deeply influenced by Goetheby Goethe

Lady of the LakeLady of the Lake (1810) (poem)(1810) (poem)

Rob RoyRob Roy (1817) (1817) IvanhoeIvanhoe (1819)(1819)

(George Gordon) Lord (George Gordon) Lord ByronByron

English poetEnglish poet Scandalous, known Scandalous, known

for excesses, mood for excesses, mood swings – “mad, bad, swings – “mad, bad, and dangerous to and dangerous to know”know”

Don JuanDon Juan (1819- (1819-1824, unf.)1824, unf.)

Died from fever Died from fever while fighting for while fighting for Greek Greek independenceindependence

Byron in Albanian attire (1813)

Byron – “She Walks in Byron – “She Walks in Beauty” (1814)Beauty” (1814)

       IIShe walks in beauty—like the nightShe walks in beauty—like the night  Of cloudless climes and starry skies,  Of cloudless climes and starry skies,And all that's best of dark and brightAnd all that's best of dark and bright  Meet in her aspect and her eyes;  Meet in her aspect and her eyes;Thus mellowed to the tender lightThus mellowed to the tender light  Which heaven to gaudy day denies.  Which heaven to gaudy day denies.

     II     IIOne shade the more, one ray the less,One shade the more, one ray the less,  Had half impaired the nameless grace  Had half impaired the nameless graceWhich waves in every raven tressWhich waves in every raven tress  Or softly lightens o'er her face—  Or softly lightens o'er her face—Where thoughts serenely sweet expressWhere thoughts serenely sweet express  How pure, how dear their dwelling   How pure, how dear their dwelling place.place.

     III     IIIAnd on that cheek and o'er that browAnd on that cheek and o'er that brow  So soft, so calm yet eloquent,  So soft, so calm yet eloquent,The smiles that win, the tints that glowThe smiles that win, the tints that glow  But tell of days in goodness spent  But tell of days in goodness spentA mind at peace with all below,A mind at peace with all below,  A heart whose love is innocent.  A heart whose love is innocent.

Percy Bysshe ShelleyPercy Bysshe Shelley English poet & English poet &

playwrightplaywright Married to Married to Mary Mary

Wollstonecraft Wollstonecraft ShelleyShelley, , close friend close friend of Byronof Byron

Greater influence Greater influence after death than in after death than in lifelife

Prometheus UnboundPrometheus Unbound (1820)(1820)

Drowned in Italy at Drowned in Italy at 2929

Shelley – “Ozymandias” Shelley – “Ozymandias” (1818)(1818)

I met a traveller from an antique landI met a traveller from an antique landWho said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stoneWho said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stoneStand in the desert. Near them, on the sand,Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand,Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frownHalf sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frownAnd wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold commandAnd wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold commandTell that its sculptor well those passions readTell that its sculptor well those passions readWhich yet survive, stamped on these lifeless Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,things,The hand that mocked them and the heart that The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed.fed.And on the pedestal these words appear:And on the pedestal these words appear:"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"Nothing beside remains. Round the decayNothing beside remains. Round the decayOf that colossal wreck, boundless and bareOf that colossal wreck, boundless and bareThe lone and level sands stretch far awayThe lone and level sands stretch far away

Victor HugoVictor Hugo FrenchFrench Poet, authorPoet, author Often wrote of Often wrote of

social injustice in social injustice in FranceFrance

Politically active - Politically active - republicanismrepublicanism

The Hunchback of The Hunchback of Notre DameNotre Dame (1831) (1831)

Les MisérablesLes Misérables (1862)(1862)

Aurore Dupin - “George Aurore Dupin - “George Sand”Sand”

French authorFrench author One of the most One of the most

successful woman successful woman authorsauthors of 19 of 19thth centurycentury

Unorthodox, Unorthodox, scandalous scandalous personal lifepersonal life

Stories of deep Stories of deep passion and passion and emotional emotional searchingsearching

Lélia Lélia (1831)(1831)

Jacob and Wilhelm Jacob and Wilhelm GrimmGrimm

GermanGerman Collected, preserved Collected, preserved

German folk talesGerman folk tales Children’s and Children’s and

Household TalesHousehold Tales (1812)(1812)

Examples: Rapunzel, Examples: Rapunzel, Cinderella, Hansel Cinderella, Hansel and Gretel, Little and Gretel, Little Red Riding Hood, Red Riding Hood, Sleeping Beauty, Sleeping Beauty, Snow White among Snow White among dozens of othersdozens of others

Aleksander PushkinAleksander Pushkin RussianRussian Greatest Russian Greatest Russian

poetpoet Style defined Style defined

Russian literature Russian literature for decadesfor decades

Political radicalPolitical radical Boris GodunovBoris Godunov

(1831) - play(1831) - play The Captain’s The Captain’s

DaughterDaughter (1836) (1836)

Caspar Caspar David David FriedrichFriedrich

Wanderer Wanderer Above the Sea Above the Sea of Fogof Fog (1818) – (1818) – Kunsthalle, Kunsthalle, HamburgHamburg

The Abbey in the OakwoodThe Abbey in the Oakwood (1810) (1810)

The Sea of IceThe Sea of Ice (1824) (1824)

J.M.W. Turner

The Fighting Téméraire Tugged to Her Last Berth The Fighting Téméraire Tugged to Her Last Berth to be Broken Up to be Broken Up (1838) – National Gallery, (1838) – National Gallery, LondonLondon

Rain, Steam, and Speed – The Great Western RailroadRain, Steam, and Speed – The Great Western Railroad (1844) (1844)

John John ConstableConstable

Dedham ValeDedham Vale (1802) – (1802) – Victoria and Victoria and Albert Albert Museum, Museum, LondonLondon

The Hay WainThe Hay Wain (1821) – National Gallery, London (1821) – National Gallery, London

Weymouth BayWeymouth Bay (1816)(1816)

Théodore Géricault

Raft of the MedusaRaft of the Medusa (1819) – The (1819) – The Louvre, ParisLouvre, Paris

Portraits of the Insane

Eugène Eugène DelacroixDelacroix

Massacre at Massacre at ChiosChios (1824) - (1824) - The Louvre, The Louvre, ParisParis

Liberty Leading the People Liberty Leading the People (1830) – The Louvre, (1830) – The Louvre, ParisParis

Ludwig van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven 1770-18261770-1826 German German

composercomposer Independent of Independent of

patronage – patronage – more freedom to more freedom to composecompose

““Ode to Joy” Ode to Joy” ““Für Elise”Für Elise” 55thth Symphony Symphony

Ludwig van Beethoven““Ode to Joy” (part of 9th Ode to Joy” (part of 9th Symphony)Symphony)

5th Symphony5th Symphony

““Für Elise”Für Elise”

Franz Liszt 1811-18861811-1886 Hungarian Hungarian

composercomposer Many works used Many works used

Hungarian folk Hungarian folk tunestunes

Piano virtuoso – Piano virtuoso – touring inspired touring inspired “Lisztomania” “Lisztomania” across Europeacross Europe

““Hungarian Hungarian Rhapsody”Rhapsody”

Frédéric ChopinFrédéric Chopin 1810-18491810-1849 Franco-Polish Franco-Polish

composercomposer Incorporated Polish Incorporated Polish

folk melodies into folk melodies into compositionscompositions

Emigrated to France Emigrated to France after failed 1830 after failed 1830 Polish revolutionPolish revolution

““Minute Waltz”Minute Waltz” Died of tuberculosis Died of tuberculosis

in Parisin Paris

Giuseppe VerdiGiuseppe Verdi 1813-19011813-1901 Italian opera Italian opera

composercomposer Music associated Music associated

with strong Italian with strong Italian nationalist viewsnationalist views

““La Traviata”La Traviata” ““Aida”Aida” ““Rigoletto”Rigoletto”

Richard Richard WagnerWagner

1813-18831813-1883 German opera German opera

composercomposer German nationalism German nationalism

found in operas -found in operas -German legends & German legends & mythsmyths

““The Ring of the The Ring of the Nibelung” - 4 cycle Nibelung” - 4 cycle operaopera

““Ride of the Valkyries”Ride of the Valkyries” Music later used by Music later used by

NazisNazis

Peter (Pyotr) TchaikovskyPeter (Pyotr) Tchaikovsky 1840-18931840-1893 Russian composerRussian composer Wrote Wrote

symphonies, symphonies, operas, balletsoperas, ballets

Blended Western Blended Western European style European style music with music with Russian themesRussian themes

First Russian First Russian composer to find composer to find success in Westsuccess in West

Tchaikovsky’s Most FamousTchaikovsky’s Most Famous

Neo-Gothic ArchitectureNeo-Gothic Architecture Inspired by Inspired by Gothic designs from Gothic designs from

Middle AgesMiddle Ages Contrast to the Neo-Classical Contrast to the Neo-Classical

movement of the Renaissancemovement of the Renaissance Reaction to IndustrialismReaction to Industrialism Began in Began in EnglandEngland in late 18 in late 18thth c., c.,

spread through Europe & U.S.spread through Europe & U.S. AKA AKA “Gothic Revival” “Gothic Revival” or or “Victorian “Victorian

Gothic”Gothic”

Palace of Westminster, Palace of Westminster, LondonLondon

Location of Houses of Parliament and the famous “Big Ben” Clock Tower

Cologne Cathedral, Cologne Cathedral, GermanyGermany

Begun in 13Begun in 13thth c., finished in 1880 – tallest c., finished in 1880 – tallest building in world at time of completionbuilding in world at time of completion

Gothic RevivalGothic Revival

Basilica of St. Basilica of St. Clotilde, ParisClotilde, Paris

Sir Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott Monument, Monument, EdinburghEdinburgh