Roots of the American Roots of the American PeoplePeople

Chapter 1Chapter 1

The Earliest AmericansThe Earliest Americans The Earliest The Earliest

AmericansAmericans There are two ideas There are two ideas

of how people came of how people came to Americato America

Between 10,000 and Between 10,000 and 100,000 years ago the 100,000 years ago the world was covered by world was covered by glaciers. glaciers. This helped to create This helped to create

a land bridge between a land bridge between Russia and Alaska. Russia and Alaska.

The other theory is the The other theory is the Coastal-route theory Coastal-route theory which said that people which said that people used boats to travel on used boats to travel on the Pacific coastthe Pacific coast

The Earliest AmericansThe Earliest Americans For many years, humans For many years, humans

fulfilled most of their fulfilled most of their needs by hunting. needs by hunting.

Eventually many of the Eventually many of the larger animals larger animals disappeared and people disappeared and people began to grow plants. began to grow plants.

They used irrigation to They used irrigation to move water to their crops. move water to their crops.

If the Native Americans If the Native Americans grew extra, they began to grew extra, they began to trade with others. trade with others.

Some farming Some farming communities turned into communities turned into cities.cities.

The Earliest AmericansThe Earliest Americans There were three There were three

important civilizationsimportant civilizations The MayansThe Mayans

Lived between 250 and Lived between 250 and 900 A.D. in what is now 900 A.D. in what is now Mexico and Central Mexico and Central AmericaAmerica

They built pyramids, They built pyramids, temples, ball courts and temples, ball courts and palacespalaces

They developed the arts, They developed the arts, government, written government, written language, they studied language, they studied the stars and created a the stars and created a calendarcalendar

In around 900 AD the In around 900 AD the Mayans began to Mayans began to abandon their cities, the abandon their cities, the reason why is a mystery. reason why is a mystery. It may have to do It may have to do

with disease or with disease or overpopulationoverpopulation

The Earliest AmericansThe Earliest Americans The AztecsThe Aztecs

Began when the Began when the Mayans were Mayans were declining. declining.

Their capital was Their capital was Tenochtitlan, which is Tenochtitlan, which is now Mexico Citynow Mexico City

It was built on a series It was built on a series of islands connected of islands connected by stone roadwaysby stone roadways

They had many They had many sacred temples sacred temples honoring their Gods. honoring their Gods.

During the 1400’s, During the 1400’s, The Aztecs would The Aztecs would eventually take over eventually take over most of modern Day most of modern Day MexicoMexico

The Earliest AmericansThe Earliest Americans The IncasThe Incas

In the 1400’s this In the 1400’s this was the largest was the largest empire in the World. empire in the World.

It went from the It went from the coast of South coast of South America to the America to the Andes, and across Andes, and across from the Atacama from the Atacama Desert to the edge Desert to the edge of the Rain forestof the Rain forest

The Capital was The Capital was Cuzco, which was Cuzco, which was linked to other towns linked to other towns by a set of roads. by a set of roads.

The Incas made The Incas made buildings out of huge buildings out of huge stones, they built stones, they built walls, canals, and walls, canals, and they also had they also had jewelry.jewelry.

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Cultures of North AmericaCultures of North America

Around 3000 years Around 3000 years ago, a group of ago, a group of people called the people called the Mound Builders lived Mound Builders lived between the between the Appalachian Appalachian Mountains to the Mountains to the Mississippi ValleyMississippi Valley

These people made These people made mounds from earth, mounds from earth, many of these many of these mounds were burial mounds were burial places but some of places but some of them served as them served as public buildings.public buildings.

Cultures of North AmericaCultures of North America Another Native Another Native

American tribe was the American tribe was the Anasazi’s, who lived in Anasazi’s, who lived in present day Utah, present day Utah, Colorado, Arizona and Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico.

They had large cliff They had large cliff houses to defend houses to defend against outsidersagainst outsiders

By 1300, these people By 1300, these people abandoned their homesabandoned their homes

Between 300 and 1450 Between 300 and 1450 AD, the Hohokan dug AD, the Hohokan dug irrigation canals in irrigation canals in Arizona,, they traded Arizona,, they traded with Natives in with Natives in CaliforniaCalifornia

Cultures of North AmericaCultures of North America

Native Americans Native Americans tended to live in tended to live in Culture areasCulture areas

People have basic People have basic needs, food, which can needs, food, which can be collected, hunted be collected, hunted and fished, it can also and fished, it can also be farmed, and tradedbe farmed, and traded

Many Native Many Native Americans had Americans had religious rituals, as religious rituals, as well as strong oral well as strong oral traditions, which the traditions, which the story tellers passed on story tellers passed on the traditions to the traditions to younger generations.younger generations.

Cultures of North AmericaCultures of North America

Native Americans Native Americans of North Americaof North America

Far North- People Far North- People who lived in the who lived in the Arctic ate fish, shell Arctic ate fish, shell fish and birds; they fish and birds; they hunted marine hunted marine mammals and used mammals and used kayaks. kayaks. People who lived People who lived

south of the Arctic, south of the Arctic, they relied on they relied on Animals and Animals and plants for foodplants for food

Cultures of North AmericaCultures of North America North West- The North West- The

land that stretches land that stretches from Alaska to from Alaska to Northern CaliforniaNorthern California These people ate These people ate

deer, bear, and deer, bear, and salmon, there salmon, there was enough food was enough food available that available that people did not people did not need to farmneed to farm

These people had These people had potlatch potlatch ceremonies, to ceremonies, to show the families show the families statusstatus

Cultures of North AmericaCultures of North America Far West-The Far West-The

weather was very weather was very different in this different in this area, it could be area, it could be warm with a lot of warm with a lot of food around, or food around, or cold with little food. cold with little food. Houses also Houses also changed. changed.

Southwest- Most of Southwest- Most of the people in this the people in this area farmed, but area farmed, but some groups some groups hunted. People hunted. People lived in adobe lived in adobe houses to protect houses to protect themselvesthemselves

Cultures of North AmericaCultures of North America

Great Plains – Great Plains – The people here The people here were mainly were mainly farmers of corn, farmers of corn, beans and beans and squash, there squash, there were also hunters were also hunters of buffalo, which of buffalo, which was what the was what the people used for people used for housing, robes, housing, robes, shields and tools. shields and tools.

Cultures of North AmericaCultures of North America

Eastern Eastern Woodlands- Woodlands- These people These people hunted, fished for hunted, fished for collected food. collected food. The Algonquin The Algonquin

Native Native Americans were Americans were scattered scattered through through Southern Southern Canada, the Canada, the Great Lakes and Great Lakes and the Atlantic the Atlantic Coast to VirginiaCoast to Virginia

Cultures of North AmericaCultures of North America The Iroquois Native The Iroquois Native

Americans lived in New Americans lived in New York and were made of York and were made of Five Nations. Each Nation Five Nations. Each Nation has clans, and women has clans, and women chose the tribal chief. chose the tribal chief.

During the 1500’s, the During the 1500’s, the Five Nations went Five Nations went through a period of through a period of warfare, they finally warfare, they finally formed a Union called formed a Union called the League of the the League of the Iroquois to make laws Iroquois to make laws and keep the peaceand keep the peace

Cultures of North AmericaCultures of North America Southeast- People Southeast- People

called the Cherokee called the Cherokee and Creek built their and Creek built their homes on wooden homes on wooden frames with straw frames with straw mats. They used mud mats. They used mud clay to keep their clay to keep their homes dry and cool. homes dry and cool. The Natchez lived in The Natchez lived in

the Gulf Coast and the Gulf Coast and created a complex created a complex society, in which the society, in which the higher social class higher social class had to marry the had to marry the lower social class.lower social class.

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Trade Networks of Asia and Trade Networks of Asia and AfricaAfrica

In the 1500’s there In the 1500’s there was a trading was a trading network network connecting connecting Europe, Africa and Europe, Africa and Asia. Asia.

This trade growth This trade growth was linked to the was linked to the rise of the religion rise of the religion of Islamof Islam

Islam was a religion Islam was a religion that was based on that was based on the Quran, or the the Quran, or the sacred booksacred book

Trade Networks of Asia and Trade Networks of Asia and AfricaAfrica

Arab scholars made Arab scholars made advancements in advancements in math, medicine and math, medicine and astronomy and this astronomy and this knowledge traveled knowledge traveled to Europeto Europe

In about 1000 AD, In about 1000 AD, trade centers began trade centers began in eastern Africa, in in eastern Africa, in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe.

This land lay at the This land lay at the beginning of a trade beginning of a trade routeroute

Trade Networks of Asia and Trade Networks of Asia and AfricaAfrica

These trade networks These trade networks also linked the Middle also linked the Middle East to West AfricaEast to West Africa

There were caravans There were caravans or groups of camels or groups of camels that moved the goodsthat moved the goods

Ghana was the first Ghana was the first major center of trade major center of trade in Western Africain Western Africa Slowly Ghana began Slowly Ghana began

to weaken, and the to weaken, and the kingdom was take kingdom was take over by Mali, the over by Mali, the leader of Mali was leader of Mali was Mansa MusaMansa Musa

Mali did very well and Mali did very well and Timbuktu became a Timbuktu became a center of learning.center of learning.

Trade Networks of Asia and Trade Networks of Asia and AfricaAfrica

By the 1200’s China’s By the 1200’s China’s empire had grownempire had grown

They were now They were now trading with India, trading with India, Korea, Japan, the Korea, Japan, the Middle East and Middle East and AfricaAfrica

The Chinese made The Chinese made advances in advances in Navigation with a Navigation with a magnetic compassmagnetic compass

Zheng He was a Zheng He was a Chinese explorer Chinese explorer who worked with who worked with trading routes that trading routes that stretched from Japan stretched from Japan to East Africato East Africa

Trade Networks of Asia and Trade Networks of Asia and AfricaAfrica

The Silk Road was The Silk Road was a series of roads a series of roads that stretched that stretched about 5,000 milesabout 5,000 miles

Merchants brought Merchants brought silk and other silk and other goods from China goods from China across Asia for across Asia for sale in the Middle sale in the Middle EastEast

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The European HeritageThe European Heritage

Judaism-a religion Judaism-a religion started around started around 1700 BC, which 1700 BC, which was a monotheistic was a monotheistic religion. religion.

This religion has a This religion has a set of laws called set of laws called the Ten the Ten Commandments Commandments

This religion This religion believed that the believed that the ruler also had to ruler also had to obey the lawsobey the laws

The European HeritageThe European Heritage

Christianity- began Christianity- began around 2000 years around 2000 years ago. ago.

This religion also has This religion also has the Ten the Ten Commandments, Commandments, believes in Jesus as believes in Jesus as the Son of Godthe Son of God

In the beginning, In the beginning, Christians were Christians were arrested and killed arrested and killed but later emperors but later emperors accepted this accepted this religionreligion

The European HeritageThe European Heritage Greeks and Romans Greeks and Romans

had ideas that would had ideas that would influence the formation influence the formation of the creation of the of the creation of the American governmentAmerican government

Athenian Democracy Athenian Democracy was based in Greece was based in Greece and was a direct and was a direct democracy. When democracy. When ordinary citizens make ordinary citizens make decisionsdecisions Women, slaves, and Women, slaves, and

foreign born people foreign born people could not participate could not participate in governmentin government

This democracy was This democracy was based on the based on the education of their education of their citizenscitizens

The European HeritageThe European Heritage

The Romans also The Romans also developed developed traditions in laws traditions in laws and governmentand government They set up a They set up a

republic which republic which had people elect had people elect others to govern others to govern them. them.

There were codes There were codes of laws that of laws that define the rights define the rights of citizens.of citizens.

The European HeritageThe European Heritage By the Middle Ages, By the Middle Ages,

there was feudalism, there was feudalism, which the King grants which the King grants lords land in return lords land in return for service and for service and moneymoney

The Crusades were a The Crusades were a series of Holy wars series of Holy wars between the Roman between the Roman Catholic Church and Catholic Church and Muslim Civilization; Muslim Civilization; they wanted control they wanted control of the Holy Land. of the Holy Land.

They did not win They did not win control of the land control of the land but increased tradebut increased trade

The European HeritageThe European Heritage

The Renaissance The Renaissance was a time when was a time when more people more people became became interested in interested in science and science and inventions. inventions.

The printing press The printing press was invented was invented which could which could produce a large produce a large number of books number of books in a short time.in a short time.

The European HeritageThe European Heritage The Reformation was The Reformation was

when people began to when people began to fight against the Roman fight against the Roman Catholic Church, led by Catholic Church, led by Martin Luther in 1517. Martin Luther in 1517.

Exploration happened Exploration happened during the Renaissance during the Renaissance led by Prince Henry the led by Prince Henry the Navigator, who wanted Navigator, who wanted to spread Christianityto spread Christianity

By 1498, Vasco Da By 1498, Vasco Da Gama sailed around the Gama sailed around the Southern tip of Africa to Southern tip of Africa to find Indiafind India

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