(r~r85 =26349----- ---­

I 1111111111111111111111111111111111

DES 1GB OF A VARTABLE-FOCAL-LEBGTB OPTICAL SYSTEM

FINAL REPORT

by

Douglas Ricks and Robert R. Shannon

September 15, 1984

Contract 955678, Work Order 20

Optical Sciences Center University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona B5721

This work. was performed for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract 955678.

REPRODUCED BY: ~ u.s. Department or Commerce

Nalional Technicallnformalion Service SpringfIeld, Virginia 21161

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850018038 2020-03-28T00:28:19+00:00Z

•

•

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ••••••• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Comput~r Study .••...•. . ' ••••••••..•.....•.•...••.•••••.••••••. 6

Patents. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 11

Correspondence. . . . • . • . • • . . • • • • • • • . . • . • • • . . • • • . . . . • . . . • . . • . .. 12

Conclusions and Recommendations • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Litera ture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17

Appendix A; Optical Sys tem Pa tents. • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 21

Appendix B: Ray Fan Plots. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 39

Appendix C: Company lnf orma tion. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 44

Appendix D:

Appendix E:

Preliminary Refractive Design ••••••••••••••••••••••• 58

Preliminary Catadioptric Design. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 70

•

•

•

IIITB.ODOCTIOIl

The purpose of this study was to exam the possibility of designing

a zoom lens appropriate for use on a comet explorer. The system

requirements were as follows:

Variable focal length

Image size

Resolution KTF

Spectral range

Volume

Back focal distance

Object focal distance

200 to 2000 mm

18.6 )C 18.6 mm

50% at 28 line pairs/mm

500 to 1000 nm

30 )C 30 )C 70 cm

90 mm

10 mm to infinity

The general requirements were to design a system with a variable focal

length ranging from 20 to 200 cm with an overall length somewhat less

than 100 cm. The requirement to place the entire system within a length

less than the maximum focal length placed severe restrictions upon the

design. The requirement of a wavelength range of 0.4 to 1.0 ~m produced

an even greater limitation upon the possibilities for a design that

included a catadioptric front end followed by a zooming refractive

portion.

There were other requirements relating to the range of focal

distances needed and the weight and specific package within which the

lens would fi t • These requirements were considered of secondary

importance to the major question of whether a lens could be designed to

fit within the length constraints •

1

•

•

•

To examine the possibility of such an optical system, some

potential designs were examined by Mr. Douglas Ricks. He began the

project as a class exercise and continued it through the summer period,

but had to stop work and return to his employer in mid summer.

Therefore, a successful design meeting all of the space and wavelength

requirements was not completed. Some of the designs investigated have

the potential of being carried on toward a final design, but meeting the

space, wavelength, and zoom range requirements does not seem to be

possible. It may be necessary to make some compromises in the

specifications or the operational approach in order to obtain a useful

system.

A survey was carried out of presently available zoom systems. One

approach showed the possibility of meeting the requirements and should

be followed up.

The requirement for the wide wavelength range necessitates the use

of a catadioptric front end for the system. As a consequence, there are

some limitations on what can be accomplished. To estimate the effect of

the wavelength range on the design, some simple examples were

considered. For a refractive system, the amount of aberration blur in

the paraxial focal plane resulting from secondary residual color is

given by about d/2400, where d is the diameter of the aperture of the

lens, for a wavelength range of 0.48 to 0.66 um, or a spectral width of

about 0.2 um. The requirement for this lens is a spectral width of

about 0.6 ~m. Since the amount of the blur is related to the square of

the wavelength range, this leads to a blur of about d/400. Refocusing

2

• should lead to a reduction of the blur by about a factor of 2, leading

to a factor of d/l000 as reasonable for an estimate. Table 1 shows the

estimated effect of this aberration on the system at various focal

lengths for a relative aperture of f/8.

Table 1. Approximate Effect of Seeondary Chromatic Aberration on an f/8 Refractive Lens System.

Focal Aperture Color blur length diameter (mm) (mm) lp/mm

200 25 0.025 40.000

400 50 0.050 20.000

800 100 0.100 10.000

1200 150 0.150 6.667

• 1800 225 0.225 4.444

2000 250 0.250 4.000

This table indicates that, if no other aberrations are present, the

spectral width limits the resolution as shown. Since the likely

detector will have a sample distance of about 0.02 mm, a required level

of resolution at this stage is 1.04 or 25 lines per millimeter. This

system would be acceptable only at short focal lengths.

If a reflective front end were to be used, the size of the blur

would be reduced in direct proportion to the de magnification of the

aperture entering the refractive zoom system. If a reduction of 3 times

• 3

• is used, then the effective multiplier in the determination of the

residual color blur becomes d/3000. Table 2 shows some values for this

case.

Table 2. Approximate Effect of Secondary Color on a Catadioptric.

Focal Aperture Color blur length diameter (mm) (mm) lp/mm

200 25 0.008 20.000

400 50 0.017 60.000

800 100 0.033 30.000

1200 150 0.050 20.000

1800 225 0.075 13.333

• 2000 250 0.083 12.000

The limiting resolution for this case can now be used as a starting

point. Therefore, we can see that the color requirements lead to a

catadioptric system.

There is another problem to be considered. The requirement for a

central obstruction means that there will be an obstruction of variable

size in the system, with a proportately larger obstruction for the

shorter focal lengths. This needs to be worked out as a compromise in

the final design, and might be inappropriate for this set of

requirements. In addition, if an object is at a finite distance, the

• 4

•

•

•

centrally obscured aperture will produce a normally undesirable "donut"

effect from out-of-focus glints.

The above discussion is only an initial one. The use of special

glasse"s and clever trading of space versus number of elements change

the results somewhat. However, these do represent material limits upon

image quality and will influence the design.

In the following sections, Mr. Ricks discusses his design work on

the refractive and catadioptric system. A brief survey of the state of

the art follows, at least as far as could be ascertained during the time

available.

The final conclusion is to look at the possible modification of an

existing design before proceeding to the full design of a new type of

system.

5

•

•

•

COItPUTEI. STUDY

The investigation of zoom lenses began with a three-lens system

based on design formulas from Modern Optical Engineering.

formulas can be expressed as:

R = ,I M,

where M is the zoom ratio,

(R-i)/R 'flA = L-(3R-1 )(R+ 1)/4 QR

is the power of the first lens,

is the power of the second lens,

These

is the power of the third lens, and L is the length from the first lens

to the image plane.

It can be seen that for a zoom ratio of 10, the power of the second

lens is more than four times the power of the first lens. When the

length L is small, the denominator of the expression for the power of

lens A is near zero, hence the power of lens A is large. A short zoom

6

•

•

•

lens with large zoom ratio causes the powers of all the lens elements

to be large. Large powers mean large aberrations that usually require

splitting each lens into a number of lenses so that the power per lens

is reduced. Furthermore. higher refractive indices are necessary so that

higher powers can be achieved for the same surface curvature.

The three-lens system required too much power per element and was

difficult to make continuous. Therefore a four-lens system was decided

upon.

The function of the first lens. when positive. is to collect the

light and begin to focus it. If the second lens is negative. it can

create a telephoto effect. When the second lens is close to the first

lens, the focal length is at a minimum. Increasing the separation of the

lenses increases the focal length.

The third lens moves to keep the image plane stationary. The

fourth lens balances the powers and provides control of the aberrations.

In Zoom Lenses by A. D. Clark. various types of zoom lenses are

categorized according to whether the image plane is held stationary by a

nonlinear movement of a lens (the mechanically compensated type) or

allowed to vary slightly (as in the optically compensated type). Clark

lists five types of mechanically compensated zoom lenses and three types

of optically compensated lenses. When the first and fourth lenses are

held fixed, the second lens is negative and the third lens is positive we

have a Type-2 lens; if the third lens is negative, we have a Type-3 lens.

The Type-2 design was used with the variation of having the fourth

lens negative instead of positive • Later. as the lens was optimized, the

7

•

•

•

last lens became positive. In the Type-4 lens there are three moving

lenses between stationary lenses, though the second and fourth lenses

usually move together. The Type-5 lens has negative lenses in place of

the positive lenses of Type 4 and vice versa. Types 4 and 5 combine the

virtues of optically and mechanically compensated lenses, but appear to

be more difficult to design.

com plica ted.

Mechanically, they are also more

After finding a solution for the powers and positions of each lens

to provide a 10:1 zoom ratio of focal lengths from 200 mm to 2000 mm in

a space less than 70 cm, an attempt to reduce the extremely large

aberrations was made by making each lens into three elements. Each

positive lens was split into two positive elements and a negative

element, each negative lens into two negative elements and a positive

element. The purpose of adding a negative element to a positive lens

group is to better control aberrations. It is also necessary to make

the positive and negative elements of different glass types. The

positive elements are crown glasses with low dispersion, the negative

elements are flint glasses of high dispersion.

While the addition of a negative lens of high dispersion will help

to control aberrations, it does require that the positive lens have even

greater lens power. An increase in lens surfaces and glass types as

variables creates a gain, but the stronger curvatures cause a loss. To

increase the correction available during computer optimization, one

surface in each lens group was made an aspheric surface.

8

•

•

•

This lens design was faced with too many problems to promise a

good solution. The chromatic aberrations were very large and

troublesome. The large apertures and high curvatures meant aberration

control could be achieved only by balancing high-order aberrations such

.that a little change somewhere immediately made everything worse. Of

course it is impossible to know for certain, but it began to look like

the design would require more than 20 lens elements and would be very

slow to correct. When the paraxial aberrations do not provide good

approximations (as when the apertures are large and powers are high as

in this case) real rays mus t be traced. When there are a 10 t of

surfaces and several zoom configurations, the optimization becomes

extremely slow. Furthermore, it becomes important to choose carefully

which variables to use in the optimization and how much weight should be

placed on them. Improvements do not snap into place •

The catadioptric system offers several attractive advantages.

There are no chromatic aberrations in a mirror. The aberrations are

generally reduced because a mirror can provide greater lens power for a

given curvature than a glass element can. Furthermore, a mirror system

will fold a system that would be much longer if realized with glass

optics alone. On the other hand, there are difficulties with providing

an iris for relative aperture control.

When the catadioptric system was designed to keep the size of the

lens elements reasonable, an intermediate focal plane was needed. A

lens was placed in this focal plane to "relay" the image. The mirror

surfaces were aspheric and a corrector plate was placed in front •

9

•

•

•

Basically the mirror system concept seems to work well. The

mirrors do most of the light collection and focusing without introducing

a lot of aberrations. With the relay lens the glass elements can be

kept small, so the entire system should be rather lightweight.

In the mirror system the wide angles of the shorter focal lengths

becomes a problem. It was decided to concentrate on the focal range of

360 mm to 2000 mm. The extreme wavelength range made it difficult to

obtain good aberration correction, so the range was reduced to 0.435 ~m

to 0.70 ~m. This was a great improvement.

In the catadioptric design selected, the zooming is accomplished by

moving glass elements after the mirror elements. The room available

here 1s not great (about 40 cm) and the lens powers were still high. A

zoom system of all positive lenses significantly reduces the powers

necessary. It also presents other problems, i.e., "it was necessary to

add a "field flattener" just before the focal plane to reduce the field

curvature.

Because of the central obscuration (from the secondary mirror) the

clear aperture necessary to obtain a constant light intensity on the

image plane throughout the zoom range is more complicated. At the

shorter focal lengths only a small ring of aperture is available, thus

reducing the MTF values.

10

•

•

•

PATEIiTS

Three zoom lens patents were received from the U. S. Patent Office

(see Appendix A). The patent numbers were found in the book Zoom Lenses

by A. D. Clark. The most recent of these patents is, unfortunately,

more than 20 years old. A great deal of progress has been made in zoom

lenses since then. These patents describe useful general design

considerations. Two of the patents give refractive index and Abbli

numbers for a representative system.

The ACCOSV zoom system described by Takeno' s patent was put on.

The system has 32 independent glass surfaces, and uses 13 different

types of glasses--many of them exotic. Since only the refractive index

and Abbe number were given, the exact glasses used were not known.

Although described as compact, when scaled up to the 200- to 2000-mm

focal length requirements, the system became extremely long (2878 mm).

Furthermore, the corree tion at 0.4 Ilm and 1.0 Ilm was terrible, al though

this may be due to an error made in glass selection. Ray fan plots are

shown in Appendix B. The lens was rescaled to conform to the length

requirements, but the aberrations were tremendous with the increased

element powers to achieve the desired focal lengths. No doubt further

computer optimization could reduce aberrations and maintain physical

length and focal lengths.

11

•

•

•

COUESPOIiDEIiCE

Letters were sent to seven companies that manufacture zoom lenses.

The names and addresses are given in Appendix C. Of these companies,

replies were received from three: Celestron, Angenieux, and Zoomar. In

fact, Angenieux sent two replies from separate branch offices.

The first from Angenieux said that their zoom 10x18-T2 lens might

work, although the back focal length was only 50 mm. To reach a longer

back focal length, the zoom 10 x 4O-Tl was needed. These lenses have a

maximum focal length of only 180 mm and 400 mm. The f/number varies

with the focal length.

The second reply from Angenieux was from a different office that

had received the inquiry via Arriflex. They claimed to be able to meet

the requirements with one of their 42x zoom lenses. Table 3 lists the

requirements and how well the various commercial products meet those

requirements. Further information is provided in Appendix C.

Celestron did not have what was required. They do sell telescopes

of the appropriate focal length and zoom oculars, but these zoom oculars

would allow a zoom ratio of only about 2x and are for visual and not

camera or photographic use.

The Zoo mar Universal Tracker combination is a system that can be

adapted to various cameras, vidicons, or other instruments. The basic

unit has a maximum focal length of 900 mm, but Zoomar can provide a 2'x

extender to increase this to 1800 mm. Frequently Zoomar modifies their

products to meet customer requirements. The Universal Tracker comes

with a 4-post filter wheel and has little room otherwise between lens

and image plane.

12

•

•

•

Table 3. Comparison of Some Commercial Zoom Lenses.

Focal length (mm)

Minimum Maximum

Relative aperture

Image size diam. (mm)

Minimum obj ect distance

Size Height (mm) Width (mm) Length (mm) Weight (lb)

Resolution 50% MTF at center (l/mm)

25% MTF at corner (l/mm)

10xlS-T2

lS lS0

"'f/2.5

Angenieux

10x40-Tl 42x24

40 400

",f/l. 5

13

24 1000

f / 1. 7-f/5.7

16

4 m

190 220

"'700 "'75

42x 32

32 1350

f/2.3-f/7 .6

21.4

4 m

190 220

"'700 "'75

Zoomar with 2X extender universal tracking

lSO lS00

fill

25.4

SOO ft

300 200

700-S00 60-90

•

•

•

One requirement not specifically addressed by the commercial

suppliers of zoom lenses is the performance of the lens at wavelengths

other than the primary design wavelength. Angenieux shows that the

transmission drops off to about 15 % and 25 % at 0.4 lim and 1.0 lim·

respectively. Neither Angenieux nor Zoo mar shows how the MTF depends on

wavele~gth.

14.

•

•

•

CONCLOSIONS AND RECOKMEBDATIOHS

The refractive-optics zoom lens design created for this project

must be improved before the aberrations can be reduced sufficiently for

the required resolution. While improvements could be made with further

computer optimization, an' additional six or more elements would probably

be required. Several of these would be large and utilize expensive,

exotic glasses. Probably several aspheric components would also be

necessary. It is possible that no reasonable amount of effort nor

addition of lens elements would improve the lens performance

sufficiently. The basic problems include too much variation of focal

length, too large a focal length, too wide a spectral range, and too

compact a space requirement. The present preliminary design is given in

Appendix D •

A catadioptric system, that is, a system with both mirror and glass

components, was also investigated. The degree of aberration control is

much greater in this system. To some extent this is because more time

was spent optimizing this system than was spent optimizing the

refractive optics system. The catadioptric system started out with

lower aberrations. Furthermore, the spectral width and the zoom ratio

were reduced so further progress could easily be made. Furtl:ler

optimization would certainly be possible, but meeting the resolution and

spectral range requirements would very likely require several more

components. The catadioptric system has good chromatic aberration

control and low light loss, but stray light control and relative

aperture control are not as good. Details of this preliminary design are

15

•

•

•

found in Appendix E.

In conclusion, the refractive optics design would be heavy, require

numerous elements, be difficult and time consuming to perfect, and may

be unsuitable for near-ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelengths. The

catadioptric system would also require more optimization, possibly a few

more elements, and would have a restricted zoom range of about 360 to

2000 mm. Of the two designs, the catadioptric system probably has the

best chance of success, as long as the shortest focal lengths are not

really needed.

Zoomar Corporation has an existing catadioptric with zoom that

begins to approach the requirements. A suggested approach is to

determine 1£ Zoomar can modify their present lens to fit the space and

weight requirements. The extent to which this can be done can be

estimated from the current design work.

16

•

•

•

LITEJlATUllE

The following is a list of some interesting sources of information

on zoom lenses. A brief description of some useful ideas in each

reference is included.

1. Monographs in Applied Optics No.7. Zoom Lenses. by A. D. Clark.

American Elsevier Publishing Company. Inc., New York. 1973.

An excellent source of information on zoom lenses. The small book

includes a brief history. descriptions of mechanically and

optically compensated zoom lenses, design formulas, information on

focusing, and mechanical factors. There are a couple of dozen

patent numbers given, drawings, and information on usage of

various types of zoom lenses.

There are descriptions of five types of mechanically compensated

lenses (our refractive lens design is Type 2) and three types of

optically compensated lenses. Curvatures and glass types are not

given.

2. Photographic Optics by Arthur Cox. Focal Press, London and New

York. 1966.

This book contains a good introduction to zoom lenses and some

helpful ideas for mirror lens systems. There are descriptions of

17

•

•

•

four types of mechanically compensated zoom lenses. There are

three . pages of tables listing zoom lenses and 38 drawings. The

longest focal length given is 40 inches. Specific lens curvatures

or glass types are not given.

3. Lens Mechanism Technology by D. F. Horne. Adam Hilger, London.

1975.

There is a wealth of useful information on the mechanical aspects

of zoom lenses in this book (the details of cam movements and so

forth). Several of the systems described have zoom ratios of 10:1

or more. The zoom lenses illustrated have between 14 and 31

elements. Again, no specific design information for optical

design.

The book also points out some of the advantages and disadvantages

of mirror or catadioptric systems: freedom from chromatic

aberration, low-light absorption, wide range of wavelengths,

support of optical surfaces from the back. It mentions that

adjustments to relative aperture are "impossible."

4. Photographic Lenses by C. B. Neblette.

In many mirror systems there are glass elements that optically

come after the secondary mirror but physically come between the

18

•

•

•

two mirrors. Apparently with the proper baffles, you can get away

with this. It might help to provide room for the movement of the

glass zoom components thus reducing element powers and improving

aberration control.

Another interesting point was that the last'lens group frequently

contains six or more elements to reduce system aberrations.

])istortion is always a problem in a zoom lens.

5. The Photographic Lens, by Hans Martin Brandt. The Focal Press.

1968.

There is a rather good discussion on methods of design for close

focusing. There are about 20 pages of a table listing zoom

lenses. There are a few 10: 1 zoom ratio lenses, one made by

FUjinon goes from 80 to 800 mm for a TV format.

6. Physical Optics in Photography, by Georg Franke. Focal Press.

1966.

Some help for the design of mirror lenses and for first-order zoom

lenses.

19,

• 7.

8.

• 9.

•

Journal of the SMPTE Vol. 30. "Recent trends and development s of

zoom lenses," by G. H. Cook and F. R. Laurent. August 1971.

This article describes some ways to achieve close focusing.

Basically, one uses a positive and a negative lens of equal but

opposite power. Moving them apart affects the distance the object

must be from the lens to be in focus. There is a description of a

zoom lens which is somewhat between an optically compensated and

a mechanically compensated lens.

Journal of the SMPTE, Vol. 77. "The surveyor variable and fixed

focal-length lenses," by Carvyn Ellman. April, 1968.

It was found that special glasses were not necessary for use in

space. The design did avoid cemented doublets to make sure

outgassing would not be a problem.

Modern Optical Engineering. by Warren J. Smith.

1966.

McGraw-Hill.

Contains a good discussion of catadioptric systems. There are also

some useful formulas for the design of a Type-1 (Clark's

categories) zoom lens.

.' APPEHDIX A

opnCAL SYSTEM PATEIITS

•

• 21

e

e

- ': "

e. -- _ _ .-£

Feb. 26, 195; H. H. HOPKINS 2,782,684

Filea Oct. 5. L"5C 2 S=ects-Sheel 1

~6

fil.n.Q -M ~.i /.; / t'1

I !. (. \ ( -- -1 ~f-----I

=1~-=-==-==r,

.! ~; ~

~/ A- \7._,''\ _, : -rr.

, , \ , :

""t ~

22 ORIG&NAl PAG~ N~' o~ POOR QUAUInt

• I i

e

- ;, .. ,

e

,.

e . ...

Feb. 26, 1957 H. H. HOPK!NS 2,iS2,6B4

Filed Oct. 5. 1954 2 Sl::eets-2eet 2

" .

Flg.4

ORiGH"JAl PAG~ 'Uif OF. POOR QUAUn;

&8L---t~D---~~~D~~j-U--4~O--~~~J--~~~C--~1~D--~a~O--~~j

tiJ

,,r7tIrEf/II7{)~ . ,~ 1kv..,.,,,,,,,,-, ", ,~-e11U~~~" - N';;;:-..".... P7 'rOjf/lf'I.'"

23 •

,;p.

• .::

•

.:..:-

1

1..78:!.Mt.4

V_~R1AP.LE "'AG~IF!CAT!O' OPTICAL SYSTI.\il\

ReTold Bon~ JIor.J,;i!":!'. UrK-O'l. 1:.0;:13t1:1. =,,;;i$:"v~ III W. Wa!...:>n &: iOoT.s Ur.-Jled. V·.don, J:D!:l:llJ~. :I Brit;;!; t'omn:my

APf.tiC"JlioD Ot'tober S, 19~ ~-iaJ Jliic:.. ~.;o,J61

Cb-::ns priority, :I!lplicati"" Gre.: Uri.I.2ia Oc:ober', l§1:J . . 13 CI.::itM. tCl. 1'8--!1)

The inn:ll:ion relales 10 .a!;::~!e Jrogni..·ka~io!l ortic:u l-.s:e:n;. of Ibe li.ir.d (be~ill:'~ler ·r~.lTed .0 ;::, I"le u:-.:! d~s.::--:!:::~} ".;.·~_i.:~ W&:.)~ Io."\." LI~J .;;")n~ or i:-: =-:~jt::"::":ion ".-it!:: :! f:.!~;;.,"; 0;:::.:.,1 ~~"! :em (e. ~. '!>-: le:1; '-~ ,tem of .1

cU.,~en 1 to pre-due,: :n .:-:-I_~:" of c;.a;"!Lin1!o~'~Ij" v=rri:l~:~ !!ze of :!n o~;ecL ;a;[ 3 fi:'"'~d ~:';:..1~:-e fret"'" :~~ S)~!:r'­Sl~::h a S:.·5~~~ m::y be .!t=d f~r e7.l.:!:;!e ~:'!. Ct:" ... -:th :­s~a.:;...:r~rr ~~7'le Cdrn~~:1 or lelt\··,:o~ t!'"'"r.C;I;'l:~i~.~ '~:11C:-...

:n C'Jrd.:r c.:-:r.:muo:.:s:r t~:i1~·r~::.~: Oi.' d::r~-.~c the ~::c ~. i.he i:ri:';~. -=-,::1 th! ;ii:i"l or c':~.:!:- :~:;: rfo::::\'~n; je~·;,::z. «'.f C~~:':i'; 1:1 the ~c:n.: h,"',.:,!"-.:!s v.:hi:n rhe =~.:-r..: 1-- C;­rL'::':'~ ~nc lher.:b\' 10 !::!,,-~ t.!':C i:n~r~si(,"':n l'~~e:,,: the f:l~ lj ;;!"C';~C1~;j. c'r :h~ :.:fe·\": :..;·on r~::{\'C: is \·ie';. :':, :r~: :~.!

:~:;~~~~~~~;:'f~;~~::~rH:~l~rJ~ CiEE!~~'i;~t:~ii S~::~-:$ P:,::.'!"IlS ~.('.~. ~.(r'.a.,.=!q, :Jt'S.o~9. ~.53~~6I 2:j: :.51":.~:":l :·nd l"rl::~d ~:;;.!C' r~~:::L .3r~I:;2!JC~~ 5::.,,;i So:;. ::f .. ':~::. n.:\; P21:;!:: !'\~,. 1. ~~~,::.' c::::.>d o.:"'71:-=r :~, i';.'5~ . .:"~~: ~r,~J.:5, 1":,""'\\' P~!en; 1\",. ~.7~L!~5 ~~::d ,\i'" ! ; <;, ,~:.;: {.

!r i ... c.:1 :'I:--~'::~ ('If !:,: ir.'::-r.:;~~

d~~:ribeJ.

!:J j'Tc· .. ;de ~:: ;."71~!"tl\·d

"~, .. i.::m. l'[ !~e li::.:!

The L"\':~lic:-: ~!'o\'id=s .:! • .. :)':-i~:r.!;! m.api:~ ... ~t';'.oD cr:i:::! !="".~~~i.'I ':'''::.::-:-::::~~ TWO :~<:;".': (=Qr.\~~;;:-.'7,') ;~:~" :..::.~

"l.,", b~,t~q Patented feb. 2G, 1957

2 !l4id pOSIIIV~ J~n~ aod ti.,: fi;.;u im;;ge ?C': i:e·" for ·'e ~j"Sl. r11, the ~.ucl I~~:pe r"J~;jior, [Oi ~~l r~,-r one o! ~he ~iJ po~i:i,,'~ i;r~.;z.\ l\'i:: :': t~.! p.:;.::!::c~ c! ::..:- :::: ... ~;;"'.~': ... : ... ' rc:!1 cr \'ir~..;,:,d i:'!': g~ L:-~cJ toy L:..:: r:...a; pO'l:ii .. : kn ... .

15 ot:J:rwis: it ';!,-i·li oe t!l: ;:osi!!c:"I oi ;;-,! fi!1~1 ;m:;;:.e f"r lh~ sy5~em. S~~ibrlr9 ' ... ·hen ili:: ~~~~c~ i:::!:.: .. ~es Q~: cr m.;;;-e I:-r"es :n~e:pc!=ed b=:\4'L~:-: th: o:~!r (!!'o!':.I) j:'j'.'. 0:' :.~ ! jj ;~:t~\'!: k~!j a!:d :~;.c.::::;.::..! c:-~::: ;::·,:t::-:-, :;." 5.:.:1 C:'::~',.;~';"1C o:-j..:.:t ycs.::j~ fr".r ·;..'c :;cr,i ;ji~ c! .;~~ S:':'I.1

10 pL',i~~'''~ ltn!'es ... ~!! ~ ~~.z." i[;~~:-tr.~~~'! r:::.:! ('- .. ~:-;~:J j:n~~: h hk\ .. .:ts as lh.: e~e.::!i·.-t o"'::~~.:t r .... r ih:~ ;·~~7.:t p!)<i,i~e lens. oll::r\lo"~ il .... il1 .~.Ih: ;.:ti.l:J c:-'j::t ;,~~i". lion for lhe s:-·st~rn. _

Furthermore ~h:: >}"s:.:m is prefer.:.:'1~' Jcsig.:led :.~. 15 u:;eu ,.0 iZ:;.! the m~~:1;r.C4J.jt·r;s of .r.~ I"'" mC,"~iJle ~;:,,­

tj,,'C ]tn~~ 2rf' of J~~e ~i;D, ~:"t:'fc-:-:.:-iy S"J:h ih~: e~:b. ~c-v­e=.hle J'O'irivc'" k:"ls rrl'd~~~~ ;;:,r~ i~\·:!"!e.:! ;:""..!;.~: of L"': ,~.:C~ • ti ... e obi.;. fer !!u! Ie::,. Th.is ~.Ie!"e:-rd ,c:l.:!i:: :1 is ~:l!~Jii:j if ihe oh.~ect d;,t~r'!:e for \..lc :ru~l mo .. ·.:(-;~ JXhi·

2!J li\'1: lens i.s n:~i::;"t in ~;n ar.d 0' rr.e;,,:~,d:y ;;.!:..:er L':.;n th: fo,: .. ! le:1~t:-' oi l~= . .....;j fro:"!: ::1(\· .. <:~~!e r~1':":\~ le~~ aild Ihe iC"lJ:e \'ll::;io.:.n.:r for- ~( re3T mO;'~ble po:~:!·.'e i:o'C i~· PO,ILl\ = 1~ ~I:::l ;.~j n:..~;.!:i~c.!~~ ,p':;;.~:r th:.:n :~I~ fo.:aI

Z5 ~-~;~~~~; ~~!~;~;~ ~~e%t~;~:~;~·~::;'i~l:~, 1~~'~;\"~2::~ (:.):o.ilivc .:.:~:orrii~; ~:"I in: :"oj-.:W ob.·':!.:'! C'r i'~::;C' j-;;; ir. :rant or C" .:..t 'h..: r;.~r C[ 1M:! 1:-0 .... 10 \L.hi:;' i; r::.l~;). \';,e~ :he m~!.:T'!!fi=~.Iion", 0: l!"le !",'O JT'C'\'at';c rC~J~ir~ ~:::':'!,~;':: are ~j ~n ..::r!f'.;-d III ~I.!' cf E' .. .: ,i~n ~n f.!r) ~;\.C;JI rC'o\;~:c:r: of

Z~ the ~~!c:, !":10\ d,t-Ie PQ;~!;\'~ ic~~::;,. ;hc S~;~ r.i'.;;j:0.:~;~=:;s =h:!n~.! !I"! .,1:.:rl .::s m:.:or.·~r, lA'n::!", [n".! k~!.:!~ .J:~ ~I.::.;>;::;!':.! :1, .. t='.:rih~J '.r-.C',":. :h ... 1 :b~y ':"l.,:.:n i:i:~~~'" t .. -,~~~:~:::- .. "'r d:!t:"~r::~s~ 'o!..t':~,~; i!"l nL:.:n!ri.:a: ,,::h,·: 4 ..!':':(':'~~:;; 25 t:h~ ~:~:J d:( ... I:c~me:-l~ Cor the. rr.~wO':--~t: ~C';;:: ... : If":"': .... ;.~~ j( !::l c::'\e

3:; ciir=:li('~ or ~~~ rH~rr). ~r·d ~!"~:~ ~O~~ :~~r !;! ~he ~r.u= S~:i~: ""-' L..:.r ,: ... T~:::::" ,:.~-:. ;~ ir . .:~:,.:~::-:; =:-: ;~ .. '~·~r..'::l::-::: I~~ ~iz~ Dr lh~ f.,cd ri~ .. l i:;1"go is "'r,~o·~.~J. ....·-;:e:l :'.< r.10\·:· hk ros!1.i\·t 1~:1"~' :..:-~ ci.~!!:::;,.-! :",c~.:.:i.\ e 10 [;,~ :'::::. by :::1,,; c~:.:·rJ!:~n c! the 1Ti:';:":!:-i:::1..:i'l \':'!"y~r:; m~a~.s, tne

4.0 ~('··:.t,~,! 7'I~;:-.~:\·c kns. j, ~:::-,~~~:,~!~·.!~ly ~i:;,!:..:!': ~y t.~! ~~J m~·:~fi:;;[lL'r. \..~r;.~:-~ in..:..:.:;'" by ..::1 Q!nOl:!":: .!Ii..;.:!1 lh..:l ~he ~i.~lur.:t I:om .:.,.~ o:.~c:: ~:1 :t h\r:J p~~i·.:0:-! :e:.:.­:i"'e j,) the =j,!~ to ~h.: i.7'''::~: cr [h:,~ C>;~:l ~:.J:H=:j :\'

~ n'C~9:<:\:: id:\';·~.e!:~) k:-,~, (.:g :I:r:!!':;~~ f'!1 ~ CO,~:-lL:1 ~~~::~.! ~. \.!j ~.::~ ill;! 1\\"(1 "'-"ts.j!~\'': l(D~S ~;-:2;cd ~J~

;.an:! !~~. n.:; '~;',~" !:;:~ fo,c~"'t"\:~ r\-: 1'.,': !'C'l ... :::'.t I~n....c' d,:":.::!

5~.~=~J ~j"(\~ ~1 J:~~! on:: c[ :.~;.:!'!'!. 1h= l:,:~f,,·>, t'::::r -:-:'1C''';'- "'-~ ar!;: ax::::ly ~nd ~;\f! r.:.! ... i:t,-c ~,,::')!S ~g -:,,~~:r~I~cd ... ~ m:..;:-.: .. :r:. ~ ':'Gii·:=ni :.Mi~.i J:)::::::.:c ~.~:,: ~~~ ,;-:~m cu::r,; ~!ie~r ;.:x:·:: :':1,~\·e:::..!:;r. aril'. in ~·:,m:-in.::~i(j:'l .. ·;:rl :be JC'!"lc ,!5..

rr~~~!'!.r~ .. :.:t;c·!'!. \ ¥;-Y;i.; m~n~ fl': ;':~ln~''U .. jL!~\· ~r.u .!Ii:7i~.J· 1~:1:':::'~:-:\' n~,·\ .. .:.:".: !h~ !Y.\'" ~:::-::-!t: ':: ie!"!~:!!oo ; ... .,d t~:: ne~'.""!~7~:

:&::n ... ::\i;!: ~!-!.! ,::,:;,:..1 "'-l,;S reb:i .. = ;('1 ~ s:aii\)~~:-: .. b...,;_;:

the :.ctjon ('If r!,e t'MU m.",~!:':L: ;'~::~\'~ i~r'~~3 .;;.nJ 1~1':

mn";'!L"k n-:,~;.::\·;: !ei". l~~=:. IO.;:':ih:..: rl!rno:i~~ ~':':".'i~:;'~~. T.1;:r~ \\;\1 "t-.:. in ~c:1er-.;!. I" () .:J';:!'~'~ of 1:,~ mc,,"~:'l: n!!::~ti,':." le~, fer ~'h~.:~ {:'i~ C"'1~:;: .. "';! i~ S~!!"'~~J :.~j tl)

dl~·lint'lIi:"l~ hc!'",,'o?!'n th.;.:: j"v J .,~:li'i,:~' r:'e mo', .:"~;!~! of ,h~ :Ti"u·.·.jb~;; n~;Jti\e !e!1:: r~!~~!~.:: 1::" ~ • ..:: 01 Lh.' '!1~l\":':-:::

~\} p('I..,itl\ e I::n'''''' i~ ~ "l!fcr:~l~ ;:.rr;.;.:.,;!.'.:i ,~.:~ j~,:';': !..~,:' :!!~;::;­i:.:~·~i"n ~i 'he 1!i,:).'.i..hlc :leg~:!\ ~ I~~ .. in .. ·r~:.:\~ .. 0:- J~~ cr~:s~~ r...!m:rj;~j~'·· "C'.:or~~!'!~.! ar: [he: ~.::.~~~.:. :j~ ... !,:~ of Ihc I:':o\":r~:; ;x ..... i~~\·c.- h.;~,:t;, ji.l'::-t"'l.~ c:- ~..:..:r .. ': "': ;7: :JU

or li~~e ~.!-~~o:--: :,':::n"~:j'I~ t!\ .: l~~' ~,,;h ll:.~t L"! d~~~;.!n.:( frL·m :J :i·.: ... ··\~ P(':;:~ "n :~-~ ~~r..t" ~: .... !"U.:h L1;~ :~~gf' 0: ~:'1 (\~ie':i: :.:: ~ f_",eJ di .. ti.ln::-: !rC1m T~~ ~ f~~!': jJ~:-:: [Iii :h~

r~· .. ~ i~ :L:::.!r.:!;~~\' foC""..!s:;.!'"j re:n~in.s :o:;"t.;,:",,: ~'~;J: :..~e- ~ ~:.~: r ~ !he 's""id :·;T'l.~;e j, ~!:.Li..'nl':';J.:.!y v.uia! t.!,~\;; ~~~ ,,;·;:;" .... ~ic~ ~: tt..:: m:I;r.i!i~l:O:-1 \"_;-: .. jl.'; t:"'..!.:.:.f.l!.Y:.r.: ciF~~';':"'!~:: :;l',; c:n ih~ i.r.-:;:~ r,05i!~n f.";j l:-~; ~r one 01 !...~ ~C

pJ:-.iii\'e !~;-;~'I :'l10· l.!J:- COIf~;'IC':Ji~; 'c.:J~ju;=.:.!.: OOJ~:t p.»:[j.-.;"1 for !~~ (,the. Gi Lb:- s.~ij .~iti,·c lc~<ei ~;~!! &0 fi:l:;;: ~:.d n ... ,~ ~:"":Jt."'r I:1.,;me:l:'lij :h.;n a ~n..J: m~:.:;..: of (e. 1=. ]~) !i:"!'l:::s. cr rr. ... 'lrt ;:'f'ef...: ~~iy i lirri~) Lh.: f~:--.J !~r:~ln (If ~!t!le: oi ,hc ;..:.iJ !I:"' .. ;/>i= 1.:= Th.\ l.!S!

r.1entinn~rt r:-r.~J~~i.:-~ ~;::!"::". =~ t.:::: :J::~':;i .::i;w.n",c J:J, 1!1~ fron! (n('l\'';'~!;,"' ['OSj;j'iC !C'~." ';"';ld u~ lrn:t:= di~~ih:~ H.l {or !~t:' ,~:.~ ml~\ ..:r-!:: p:.!,-~\ eo ;r:~~ 41ft b., .... :h fi:-:;~ .. ~J con ... elwucr.;~:~· t.1;: ~oc!~\"U1u..J m::~i.&iJ[i:jn), J:'TU\.l!.!.i:tJ o~'

m~:i..:~j \'~l~~.!. Ii:o: :r.~: ... ,::.::!! :'..!;j"":~:~:~:-~~ c< _'i :h~

three m,-',·;.!:!e le::~~ !l~::: .!m_::,:,=:::,:~:y ::':'l:': ~::';~:~~:.!­Cjl:"I ... inc:-~:!.~~ or de .. -r!'a:~ !:1 ~~m::1c:,;,! \'~IL!C J.'i t.~~ ;-:~~;-tt~~~ of the ~~i':;: rhree m~'!\".:.t<~ k:-~!:; .::r;: ~mL.:::.·.:-,:-.).:~:~ w:-:d ;:l.ln:inl;"II~"'!Y \:1~-eJ ~:- tho:; o~.;:- ... :jc:, cf :L;: m ... ~::!i·-· c.:lL:J:: \'.::.'y~r:~ nt::..'1. ... !'!nt. ~1-:.~.s ~c:t'~;::.,il: .. :l \·:J:.;.:~l.;- ,r=-­f.:;r:·::d !~~!~l:~ ~I !.':e in\'~~o!::" Th~ nnres of r:lovem!r.1 of the le:"ls~ a.-e pnfer-..b!y

~u;ll l;at the m:!."'Iil:l1:~ ::.nd mir.i.~u:"!"l :::3~'[::t::-=s oj t!Je 5V':~M are ret"i~TocGl; one d the o-;ber. Th:s is :.d· vanl~re:J~ in co::eC"licg the abt:T:lt.on~ of til: S)·sten,. The IWI> ~o\"at".e 1'0!'ili,·e 1~:,.5es .. :-:::-:<!b!y bye ~:J.::l fool le~;t.h~ 3m! !be me- :m~n15 t'f tb= I~ree !"::C""~r-~e Irns~ .. re p~it";""~'lr 51]:h I.!!al dl..:-'c~ Iheir r...1;e :>£ mrwe",c.lts I~ po:.itio!l of ~ ner..;til·e lens T::";~:i\: to the 111,·0 pos:li\"c JeI!St's ch2.n~es fr"::1 tle:r O:le oi tile

L: .. ~i~ c ~ i7'l~ f;i.:.i.! ;:·,:;i.;, c ~~r..~ cia..::::-:~ ~~ ,~,~ r.c:.:ti\J!h of Ihe'" lo!:--o i1.U ~hdn;~d !->y Ii':, cp~~;lIiQQ OJ ,h·: ~.;:;. t:U;\lD \':lr;-ic~ meal:>'

It .'.']j be ap=ilIted wt .. ~n lA= system ioclu';". ,,"l or m-:~: Ic!!"..~ in:erpoo;ed .~ ~ tilt rtar ODe 01 lAo!

rry pO!i!~"e !e::~'!s (to give C!~e li:::.:t ":!!~: o~ Inapi.f:lt:O":l) to :1L:.r the o:..l-Jer of the i'~:i\·e k'l~ (1(\ ~,·c a.tl:1t!Jer­hmil VIIlue of maguili:.aW"oll, wb:clJ li'Ui' value is til: R-

24 OR~G~'\~AL IP~G\E ~:B O~ ~IDOR QUAU1i1f

,

• •

•

•

•

•• -]

-''' -~---

3 ci~' or lJ1: o;hcr H,'Tlit \'~lue). The f~ :"~llbs of th .. !~~ of 'he <"'~le:n an: p~(t~bh' s!lei! as 10 ~i,·.: ilP; rc:'tirn~lely ~~~al 'H'I'\\)U'lts of ~osim'e and ne~4-ri,c p~'~'~ ir. Ibe S\":iI::!'1.

I"bc m:~.l:~\l:=: :':"1;;nce 1t:IOU;:r. wbicb it IS JieCe5SJT)' 5 ~or the r.e;~.!i\':: k;.~ :::- t-~ mOI'!,i ha~ Oet~ iound !O de­~.md l:,~ inc "'tlu~ of ,tl<: ~;,:d ';OilSlllill axial Cisian.:~ bc!_'~r, l~': I ...... !,c~ilive kn,es, 11 h:L,'; t-:::::t foun::! thiU the nt'c.e~ry d:~J1!;,et'mrnr of !r.e neg'll!iYc Ie!"!'. Tel~tNc ra ;3 IhCll ;:0:1:[ ~'!1 ,r,e b:ose. i; in ODe ;I::l';C lor STT1i111 )tJ

.;,!1i~S of :~~ ::on'l~nl ;:;.~ial di!:znc:e !:t'l .... ~en tbe Iwo ~,jLi,c !-::-~~~ ... ::](i i, in !i:J,~ {';,;"",-.,ite seose (0. suit .. ~le la..T-' \'.:.1:::5 c, :hal cons ... ! di!i .. nce. To llmpiify the rnec:b"~,:;:.: J.:~i~r. cf the mJp:::;:a:ioD \'ar:--::-:~ meatls r~e .\.Giu~ OJf I":e :'_r.~:::.nt .:lxial ,j:5l3n:e ~:"eeD tbe \"'0 \:, PU:::I"~ IC::;~~ ~y be ;;,(':;eo ~o ~!rlt tb: c.iS"..a~:e throu::~ "hic!1 Io.!c :l~£~:;\'~ f~r.~ h~5 10 t-c moved il' :1r :: minimu-:n or J! lc~! ~ ~r:'1;;:1. _-(I !~I!sfy othe~ et'OOit!o .. s, ~ow­ever. (e, ;. ,0rre::!iCll (If aben-.. tiJos) i! rnJ\' be ce5i.-::I!l!e to emp!:.) a ;!i~: ,eDt ccr:sl:.nl oxial di'~r.=c bc;~-een :0 It,'- ;"h~\i::"! le;;\l'S ~n:i :cr:scqL!~:l:l\' 10 ml"': :,.11: C:-:Ative

• I~ lh~·:.:;h ;,. 1ar;::r di,t~nce. 1i h~s bee:! fC!r:nd thaI a::I illC."rea,e in the ,·:.!l;e of til: :on,;tant Axill t!istance ['c!wten :n .. IWO :'("ISil:"C lenst'S r!suh; in it ~dn:! ne<:e;. !2~' !O 17:0\ e t.bc~"! ler:~es L;,rou;:n a sr.al::r dist.;!~ce ~.j r:l:~~\"~ t~ !~e b~~: 1("1 ~h.:!lk·\'e :lrV ::::iver. ! .. :::e C'f :"n(.!cnifi· c:rit'n. c.l'·j iniir. i11Irrn:Hi\'(.~Jy, 'n;:Jvemen: . cf :be pori­:;\.;: Ln·,; [hr".l';~ .\.he ,:me dis::nee pr"\'ijes 2 ~~tCT r-r:;e of ~1'::'~!"H[:~4tiCI~.

l::i C'L~;I;;;:1i~i1 \',i:h ::ny '!=i"~'n focal :~::!;'~" ft'r the :10 ne,;!Jli,'c !~:l', the po,:riq,' kn~~s may b,; ar:y of a ran;" cf roc::l le::';!~15. A:: incre;;.~e In 1/;" n!:.:e cf Ihc !o~i le:1:;:~s ci lh~ p~'5ili' e len!:) cnables a gr-...aICr ran~~ of m~~r::~::"",'n Ie he ii;hi~vec1.

In l!l.: ~:lI;t=~ 0; the !"re~lI!nt i~Yt"n!io~ tr.e iD~i\"~du~! s..; map\;A~Ii0n, C'lf ~ll of tnt' l!.r,,'_ I'lo ... ~rlc le;'!.S~~ cn"f'cc' in olle ""J the '''r.le c(rec1,(\f' ,,·il~t. !he rr.3!:'n:Ii=~ti;n '·r.~yi::J£, r.'ic~n<i: a-,; ('Ip.e-~7ed to c~a~;~t' 1::: ij'J~i~=:ltio:"l cw; th·" Ci1!"":'i"If"I~ !'yc:te~ C.oos~c ~~;tlv the ~h~ee Jt~~~ 21i c~~:~:--·;:c i., the 5~:ne ..en5-!· t!:: ~e'!:-t: ~r.~nf:': m ~d D'l4~nifj :;;,t;r.n. Th~ 11"'I:':"lior: l'n:'~:<" ""r)' hrrc va(J!ivr.s of ma~­

niiC:;:lion 10 be (".~ .a:r.e.i wi:hc..:! - the oV<:':1 :~;J:::b of !!1f '~'~:e:Tl c.eir.l e~'~~\·t, -

Th~ ~~'~;cm rr-:dY i:lcil'ck 1" U ri:-.e·:' (lr S\.idilln~rv Ien!~ ~:; P<',,:t~:;-:::j t'n the cr :;:",1 3'1:!:S. r(~~ecrive!y or-:i:;.11y be· Ie:: ~:l j :[Itr The Ihr." r,.o,';;cJ: Jen~~. Th~ ru):ion:lT\' :;['!><) m;,~ t-c !-ell', or tht ~~me 5i!!n and are rrefer:::-l;' l'<:'lh :>,,'~:Iive lcr!ses, Thev are ;'I~der2bh' of eaual fe>::il 1~:l;I:: ~!':I s)l!';:-!l~:ric~ II\' posi:i~ned "bJ;! :~= 'mid-pcsi- ;>l!

I'~~ c f !!:~ l!1rct' m()v~t-l~ If''''~s. The ir::u~icr, c.f ~lIc!t a p:' c-i li~e.1 T'(,.<jli,·:: Ir~,e, ill:rea.e~ the o\'e~l1 lenZlh =f Ih~ <~>Iel!l Cl'! f::::::,I',:cs Ih~ rorreCliNi 0: a1:'C:-r2llon,. n,~ cfT~.;, c.f :he r.~"J iCc'cI i'. to in;:-rc~\ I"e ar.':Ie of r..Y> f" It: :.~.i"J p~:l:i!. Ttlcre!oy ?~ordi'1.~ :he rOHib;!iT\' ,j;. ... f ~n i"::-eJ~ed rcl~!i\'c ,-,pcrt'.:re lIe ..... er }' n'Jr.,b~r) ":ilh Ibe ,:~" !in(,Jf J~n' di:J::,er~r'. In thi! r-,e ~" a:73n~-in~ :r:..:! :~~ ~()~ ~r o~ :he r.;;:;- fl,ed 'PO(l!!\'( ler.:5 -i5 e!eat;r &.~n '~,2: of ihe frC':l1 f.\~(! pC';i!i\'e Ie!'!' t~.e e-c:lIiv"lc~: ioc:.i 1:::.~!!1 cf Ihe 5"',;::"11 i; reduced !J,' a f .. ~!or which GI}

!s ;r."~IC~ ti::"~ !he r~C!!·~;ic., \of t~e o"~r::!' 1~"!..." an:!. m C~7:·...ect:~n~e. 2S ~t~·. " .=bl""vc the 2d\"at::!r~ of ~:::u T~!I~'ri,,~ of overa!! ler,~"!h is lost. It rCmJin c . ho .... e\·er 'hI \I '"en ~ 111';: r;>,r'f!e -d rD=:;ni!icatio'"1 i. C'(I1",!er.;:la:ed dr.! ;:':!I ar:;:.~ is o~t:!.inable 2nd (his is of consicieraJ:.!: ~:; 3~'~-1'~ 10 It:.: de<iL"O"r.

"fl..' ~oi1O,!e~ ('If Iro: .. :r:.:nl of the mO\'Jble len5:S are :>refe~r-'y ,"';~ :.IJt ~I one. c·, ~"eh, Ii'!'!i! of their mC've~ "'er:I' :.,~ ~: '·;J~·'e ne~~ti\'r lem lies ve~' clC'S: 10 one of t'1: ~ .1\'::'1-:- r;~:ri "C Ins. :he eriteric:: of cJO!~cCS! 71> ~~il";l: ;~3: lh~ tlr;n~;~~: p~~ne~ (f the mo\ .. bl~ nCor.It:I·c k:-:\ ~~j th~ :\:,:, .... ;-: nO"ar;e positi"e ;:;'5 shis1l" ha\'e :I k;;;, ali:::: '" :11 :1' .) "cry small in compa':<.On "'jih their j~.:i' l=:!::t.!I~. .'_ f.-o:~d or nor:n~ly muc;;':r\' los, -prcf­crahr a nep:;ve leos. mar be positioaed 'ortit:alJy ill 'i:i

25

4 fro:It of %be IIF..'QDIe Ic5a A:!II II!2Y be adjun;. Nc al 0;; g 1M z.n.. :0 f<'C!:! :a ~ f% oej~ Z1 y;;;-i;lU! dis­CUlCO fram tbe ~<.e.. Tbc nDnna.'!r sLitiO;'l;lT\' r.=~at;ve 1<::)5 ma~ lit ~ "lid! focal ~ tb.aI wb~., it 'n fo-ruse:! '{lr an iD~ cbjl:I::! ~ ~ ",",::':0":1 cf tr.e norm.:l­Iy St4!i.:c:r: ~tiTc !ens is s::::: ~!::;.: il j:: '.! ~l1"\:t~ l~: full f3::gz: o~ II'C'Y='~ .". :1-.: mC"::l~k ~ti"e ~nes, "'ith a cic-:L-.u:,;: ~~nai crl} M' rr.u:1l~ C'J~!ldeid­Uca:.. A QiGrt".;.::m ~ ... ,,!, fer !be 'i!':C:: ;nay 1:': p:acrd ir. CP!1K1 ";1..'1 :be :nnv-~ N!:l'li\"C ~ ar.d .. 'I-en th~ ",bole '!S:= e. ~ki::::" il' j!s- ,..jek ~~ ~I::ln the sep::r.::i~ b:Tv= l!le I_._T!;· =::ol::I~' Y;:J.m·e !c::s ;.r.d the !roll: ~ CJf me mO'lo,,:-'e ~~cili':; Je::!'e.5 m::\' No l-.f tJ:.: ~ C1t :be focz.j ~h rl the no~lI\" Sli­T?OJn:!T! ~7Ne ~ If t.'Ie ~", ... c-~ 11e-=;,;iv: ';ns is ir. CC"Il1it:1 .. ilh !he ~i.;,.;"e ~ t:e2J'est ... ,'1',: nnr!'!, .. r:y !latior.ary :x~it..ii\C i::m. u.:a ti.c Sil'!' po<:;i,:\:l s::' d~l~r- . zrJned ~!:':~ the ail pt!pIl folr tbe r.o:maJ,v St3-~ry ~?-::.e b a.l. ill cnl!Sem:.cnce. lbe d.i~t;lD:::t Dt" lb~ e!'tr.~~ ;t:;"J !!.T ±~ !::l! "it: !-"! ar d ciis:z",: m!1"",an!ly cf. iI of iht orCer cf half iT5 f~! I:n;-.h, and th!! ~ VI.!! tlie :!lciden:e ~i;:.';~ f"" the pri::l':ip! f3Ys lire ~ iC'r a L=s r-f' Ci; ;J"d ;;in..! he~ce pemtit the uee ~ a Ja..~ :It:;!e field.. This is M importaoce in alrreain! tte abcrni.tiom.

_-\ ~ c"ta:I!;>!e "r a ~ ClTh>:'~"~~ the in­""nlion '>oj" !!.Ow be ULS>:!lbd ~. ",,~' of e.'!."I!',~e ;:r.d aith ~~'fCI;% TO 1M ~~~iOb m'~-:~;5, L'1 Vi'hi=~:

Fi~ure J i'!: i1 ~~~~~tic !~;~r.l==:J ~~iC7! !iou-. ill£: I; ~ ~ z.'T"~ of !he ~!=::

F~;-J~ ~ is ;.. L.~;::-;'~!:~ ~e:~~~ ~~ cf ~'":: sys­tem. LJ.;:.u on ;.",;: :;.:~ :-: at !"i~~ ~:

Fi;J:T 3 i~ ;,. ~I no' rate::: C:I .. 'Ie E!I~ 3-3 Df F:~~ 1:

Fi~:.:;-: ... i ... :I. ~;-h jnmr; ~~~ m~ .. ::n=-::r rf the l!Io·,-:;t-l~ ~.: b !rlz:j~e tt' me base..

fj;-tl~ ~ ,rl~':\'~ !:y ~i..t.; !bro' .. ;b It! ~:.";:~!:l, Jnd Fi~t.:.:e ~ ~hc~ • nrttili.~ S~"'tLr.1 i:E::l!:':-~ ["'~' ~St­

live ~~ m~:y o;:::c-.:;y b::!c:: ;!..",c1 ::.!:er I!]" [~r::e C1O!"'Q.;';~~ k=~~~

;n tt~ c-~t:"!";::- Inc- C~!-::::: cr:r.::~:-:~~ ~ ~:·J:r:J~,j::. ::.~­touU'"':' ~:...:,,;: 'M!::: lj. ~rr,""'~~k ~:-;\e '.ll(eS 1%. 13 .:.I:d a ~O\·~lc !If:;a::.·c ~ 14. A.."l ;,":.,.:.: t .~e:' er. e. ~ a f!rt.. ~ ~j :u '!.£. 1b: r..~ ~~~ ;:.o-sit!\ ~ leD~ ~ U lJ = npd1" D'_"",:;:;:;ec ;:':' :! C::::-:-:::f'~ Ie, ~ .. hj:h ~:li~­Wr.~ 1ha :1.1 oil. COIIS:.3.: a.J:i::.! .-!i.<u.~;.,; ,,?:"-:_

The ~ om !-.;:)C.-e! i:c J =L::;; 17 ha\~n:; 3 b~se IS. The ~ hi ~ ~s ~ ... ~:h nr.: (''1 ra.:1s ZI ~ :c ~ c::::si=; ]7, ~ :.h: c.~c£!" j~ pr0-~j;.:d akI!:; t!"Ie ::::'b ~ c taDl e:-;.i~~ .... ~e :2 ... hie!l t"~, ia ods ;-.---1 -- "Cl: c:..."7iA'" - .... .,~ "'.. ·l~ ... ? ;-e n Pa!,o 0\C7' end.: -~~'! !s=~'j ;;':;~T1d '~\~~r ~ aJ~nU a ~~ ~ ~ J..-~ ~: .. ~ :;::::::.::.~ ~ cnbr. di.~ ~ ;;, c-:r.:!t!1 t:.m:-~ r. L~{""'~Y Ie' dr; •. ~ lhe ~~ ::.!::~g rl:Ie nih W >0 mO'·t ;:~cJ.!y Lbc I""

~nl\'e kmes il. 11 0\ l:okd. n SI:C:1:d ~ 10 tLc t-..se 1~ ;l,O\'lc!e5 a

5Uti~-v bc:;,.;:: f~ a YC.i::::! !!-'af: 32 c:...-:\'ir'" for rc­talit'a t:!~ ~ i; a ~ .... het": 33 ~-..J' a -= J.4, TI!e t;e3r ~ J3.!;-~ 'IIim a r.!d 35 Ql'';eC I:'j' the cani2~ 16 a..-d ~'. ~ bene..!& il b\' h":ldc:s lL i-luD. ~ ~ ~ m..""es ii..~~ \be' r-..iis :t-e en~ ~ CI:II the :::z ... !le:.I JJ ~.d t!lc r..d 3 S C3"1I'5e< ~ alii J.i TO ~ ~ ~ ~t.i00 at any i2:.c=":: b::i.c; d::~ b!' IIic jXl-:ltiDn of th: carriolge aiO!T!; me ~ Lime r.i!s.

TIle za:or-~ ~ Ic:'. I" is carric:::I ~ ..... li<Ie 37 1I1lidI is ~ b 1LlJWGd:'o0il rara.!J.c.i Ul ttl. :..~al di­~ of ~ a.es ~ 5I:C;-.blc s:.o:;x:d p:r'.s 35 iormed AI !he ~ ~ of. !!Ie tScl _:1 'T'I1o: slide 3i b:.s a ~~ jJy ~ pm )9 .. L~ c..cp~ v.itb tfI: pe~!!T;' 0( t-..: C!::> l4. .!Ii: slide J7 ~"'!;; l..~ed t-y a sp=m; (lIN ~,~) at ma~·- the riD 39 iT! a:.."!'"..a.:t wiQ ~ =' _~1b;: CI&!I~:be ~ 37, wOld.:-on­~'j ~ ~ m 16, ~ 18C'I'ed unny ill .e-

- OR!G'!;'\I~'!L . PP'G~ \i~ . OF POOR Qu~un

•

•

5 c:ort!~ -uh !he requir=S law. 111115 manDaI rut.DOll of &he cxmn-oI. kDol> ., mD\"Q Ibe Ibree Icmc.s ll, 13, I' .in jJf. RGui!'l:d IZWUIC:.

The law of m<)\;c:me:lt of thc morable lenses in t!W ~:e is as inJjc"tc.i ill t!: e foUa,," lDg table v.-b.!c.b shOW'S 5 lbe qri.oltio:J in tDc axial c:!i~cs dl, Ii:. til and dt:

• " ~, 40 " ~+"

GI.:1II I.:m: .. 0 !!,n 1:.= s. ~l:n 10 Sl.:!I! e..~I:.:..1IIIot ~.~ !i'; I.,ell Ill. ,, __ "'"

Ct :~ 1.::',':1 ~.O LD 16.f'J1 2!1 r.J,J .... i...s i_"-.~ i5 L,; ii.,iloO ;, "<-4 ::-.("(1 !..~~ 1.0 :,u I:" ;10 7. !4~::4 :!.'. PIf;~ 14~"3 :"5 15 1;"I:'Ii :-.~~ u !fJ!C :. "7.1 .!LD 10 ,~ ~ o.u.;':-

6 for e~ic, as a nriabIe focal lc:Jt1h ~ Icm for a film projdor.

The ~c:ticm is net rcstri:"-=! ., * det:!iIs of the foregom g example. Fa:- insz2::Iee the Or= mo' .. a ole let! iC:S

iT"y be rrnt:loy~ aJ.a.o~. or \0 ilb :l pair of ~tiODary ;.>09-nyc or uepLi-.e lenses op:ic-.Jlj bc.i~ and aiu::r L,em, to provide a symmeLoical ~~= cl ~riatoie POWeT .or.l;· "'1g a~olIt a ~..ll ma£I1i!iC.1I!;):1 0{ mi:l:.b 1 .... Il.;a system is iIliuble !Dr Ja:xs of the ~ru! loown as pr~ 1."1I:SeS.

I claim: 1. A varia~1e m.gnifica:lO:! ortiaJ sy!f.::n compris·

Cb :...;,. r:::7: (=-::;:=~ !:-aUW ~ • u:.!=A~f '.!i­nr!!e11l) lCDs, aD amtlged OD a tomtnOlI op::ic:al uis -iLb the two p"sitive )C-;!S::i sp.1:ed ~ 2JId tile De:; ... ·

:f).~ 3. Fir.! "-~ .. r.~~ to :>13 "-0 "~J", ~ Y7t 3.5 5..";':5 ~S .. .r~ .,0 .i.~15 1.1:'11 %.6 1.''-''(. I. ;"l.~ %.~ %.1"110 ;.1'9' I,; 1.!~ ~.Cll 1.0

3.5 1l,P7~ l.U u.m .. ~ t:!.N: 5.0 J2ui:.' i. ~ 1I,~ ". .. to.~,.:l" .U JO,+.;" .. j ':'.11 III t.3Q

80 1~'2 ~.;'''l Ii 4;·1 ~, f,,·,", .... t",:,\ ~, ;"l!.

S, "''!I S-r.l:

l~ rive lens bcrw'eeD Ih~ tv.-o pcr.;itive 1cnses ~d ~ac:ed from at least one of :!Ita, the s.o.id lCDs:.s all being mov:a bie ax;ally and the positro~ lenses beQg CI)QStr"..i;::d 10 main· tain a c~!ari1 txia.J dis= be:ween th~ turin!! !b:ii axia I moYc:r.t:::. iUld, in COI:;~!.:a tiOD vn:!l the ie.:1Ses.

LI:I~ i.r14 O,S U !l., .... ~ ~ .',H L::J.!r.: LJ:.l 11.11 800 IL~ p,::":':

The kDse b&\le the foUo~iDg fo.:a1 leugths (I):

20 maPlific:ati.."," 'lazying me2l!S for c::tCtimu:Cl!Y and si· muJrancouy)' mariIlg the two positive bes and the negative ler.· a10:l~ the lr,lo=<J :!Xis nei.:ive to a surion­ary suppon accordiDg to a jaw such tbOl! L'le distance {rom a fl.led po:m t'l: the ~?OI1 31 ... ~ :be i:nage

~ of an o~ied at a ~ed ci.<ta.t::e from the said ~ed poiQ[ -----------------i----- 012 thc ~"'T. is a==1c'~~' foc:nsscd re::1;.ins ct'n.~::t ;1-.. _.___ _ __ .. __ ... 1 /:: - -9 .'rule the si::: of lhe s:lid i::::;!~ is comj:::;C':lsly \'arid

Lm.

1:<.--------.. ---.. ----... -.-.. --.: .I,'-"'~ d!l::il~ the: l''--.cioa 0: the Cl,,""';;c. con \'lU"'.,u,_.,. !T.~c.s. ~ : /u-+;; b ,..--, ~ lL::--=--====-_-::::-_-====:_-::-::11 ",,--~ Ih- disra= I>e: ... ecn !be in'~g~ ~ .. for;he ~ar on~

:0 of lhe ~;d j)O'5!ri\'e )t1:~es a:..::! llIe .::t.'r.es~ndi:l; WD-

The abo"e dir=~~ico!l; ~ I:Apres>ed in inches. "The f...~ t..t-l~ ci\';:Jl ai-ave iI!clll.j~ the ~a!ue oi the

foc:;.: le:!.;!.b \ F) ~f tbe sys:e:n, exp'e~ in ir.cbes, for each 0: !.b~ b:.;,d j'C',;'i"r.~ iD the :!"I('\'c.mcr,t~ of m<'ul:!e kllY..... It 'II"!!.! be sec., t.~2r t!le rauo of t.'le rna:.:lIllUOl l.i 10 th~ r.-illim·.:m fe::al lcq:.n (t..,d cO!Jseq:Jl:n:.!y lhe rallo of the 1n"J..i:rll:n 1::1 the t:':timu:n r1"~if;:a.t:or: 1 is a~;,;[ 50; 1. The ov::Al! le:;~ ~! the !Yrt:m is o~y of [h~ c~d..~ of C!!'.e third (>f tile ma'timUrl focal ler.~~ :ilereof.

It :"!";~y be ,,~ !! ::r...u :=~ ~bc"e It:b!e L~~t i:: ~'1is ex. 4(' ar.".~!e :::.c mC',"cmen: of 11::: mv';Q;bl~ !le~~:\·c. :::::15 :ela .. Ol.': tv G fi\:-d .,o;~! un :1...: !::.s~, ~rli~~ mo\'em~!::tt is. detcm.iaed tv 1'1e Ya.~io:; it! :..": 1Il!!ll~ricai sum of t~ ~es IiI a."ld d2 is <"1:;.1. '{~of: nriation of rh~ so.!.'!:

(Cl+lf:) ",iIi: t..'l.! d;sU!n::~ -:', 1.s :;L(\""'1l in rh~ ab,,"~ fi:;r ~.; ... :,!~ :.!')d :s ;J~ !.hewll p-;;;"t.ia.!Iy in Fig" ,"I:~. T""~ d.;J,;;. d~ [he ~2pe of It.r tam 34. Fi~e 5 U;o:A-S the P.:lths of rny~ 41 ~hich ~a~h t.b~

~..:.n. ~el to the uis, from the obj~ct \".'hu.:h in ttU~ c:um;!:: i-: at infuL1Y i. e. 3 \'c:")' 12~ dis:.:.n: = away. ;;0

c::d .:l r.ly ~= fTO~ De o!ljz~!. Which ray ~~:.:h~s the 5)'~:em al all ... lglr o! abc:.!: S d.-!;T"CCS to the :l.},:~

Th,;; 11:0 I! fom:s a '-::":l:::.I iCl:'';: :!1 its ir,- ; :J 3:ld

i!l~t -:inu,,1 iJ::l:!::c serves as lh~ efett~e u!,~ ior the 1:0::,[ posi:i\ e I~ 12. The a:ti::.l di<i.Ance --e~\\'eC::::l Lhe ;;:. p::h-Z. 43 3l:,;'. the ~c ~ei~'.:~ 15 is ~4.6i :,-c:.cs, i. e. ~~ und:! ~ .. ~ tim~ :he focal 1C'tJ~",'l ~f ~::b of Il:!e ?O;i;iyc k= 11, U.

The k:m:< ue sho';O"'!! II'!e;el~' d:=:;ra.o::una~illy ill the ma .. ~!!, l:;Jd C:e c:!st;.n:es si"en :~ t!.: ; ~\'e n."'3t t<.~:: 1;(1 .. ~ .: .. L:i.J.a:.e': f,.:r.~ l~lc :t.L.wrlifjc:d iln:ur) of d:ia leI!~s. T~ Je!I'~ arc =h ir.ci,"i~~J1\" C~!;e.;:ted for cl1rorn::.tic a~~ r.d c:a=~ of :1:m m-~~, cC1:'Ii'r.-e t90'0 or more =tIOI=em 1::= cc;n~lll~d loge I!:. a cr spaC'Cd :4"lu1 by a liud. disun::"! or l'la,"i:lg a tom:-ilJauO%:. D! .:emenlir.t: and ~ 5ud sp3:lng.

lb: f:cJd Cl., .. -r.tlrc Ie\" be re:ad.Jl v mAde s:n all II~ the a..~iu~e pewee .. oi the ·ie:;.~ ba,,~ 3II .. I,.;el:r.l.ic: 5u....,

wl:!ict! is smaIl. As the cl:::r~ !n m2;nj.4ic:ation o! Ihe ,CE;l:!PI..-u ~ .. 'a! an QI:!...;outed to 5l1bsla!!liJ.lly equ::.1y ~o ~. ~ tmtt t=:wab~ 1c:W-~ rt~i\'ely Ihe c:o:- :ction of me C":!lcr abeTn:i~ j. fi:iJi:31ed.

The sys:= ctf [his t:" .... :~~~ m3Y be cmplored in ~ ~ ~ a tele\·i.s..:c! tt=s:nit:lill~ c:o.mcra, ~ ci.De cat:Itn or :De m:e bat it trw::' :lltr.1:atNcfy l~ t:11Il'1oyed. 15

26

jug::e o~.ject posuioo fo, the o!he~ of 11:! ;:;.;d ~;Ii"e kn~es hc;c 6 nni:..t fHi~ not fie."t~ n'!.u'T!eri~4~jy it."," a SJr.:lil IIJ:'ui.:pJe cf til.; foc.;! lC!l;th of one ,~: U\! saiJ positivc loses.

2. A vuia::e !D3g:Ufic:u.io~ opti~1 syst= ~ clQim.:J in cl:illn 1, in \l'bj:h 1.bc ol:j=t ~ fer t.~e frOill one of r.h~ s,aiJ pcs,;ive Jc:::.e) j~ .:~;a::\'C IG ::;i!:,."1 aod m!~eria1')' ~;.:er than It: foc:J k::g-~ of m,;,t front poo;i:i;·c le~.:.. ::.::d the ~,;t :±is;..o,.r.:: for t:.r :=u 0:1:

01" 1h.: ~dlj r-J.!:~ti\e Je!lS~~ ~ ;:'~~::..:\~ i:: S.;;L1 d !l:.!r!"eT­

i=~]y P'~~C:~ tt.:l:l ~",::e f..,;.....;:.,i ;':-:.;:h ol :~:. :=.: ;:~~tl\,t: lem.

3, A ~_-:at-k :r.'e;5~z.::0:;, optic;.! S}~~ as cl:J:nc:d iI: ~;':.LL. Z. ..D \\hi.."iI :..'1: :nO\le:ne::1 oi said lI'"'...s;a.li.e )::1.>

~ . .?tiJe 10) tn~ of l!le ~2:ci ::Josi:':\C le!l~ :s !>!.L:.~ thai I!le mJ~t;:o.tiJn af the ~~~.~~ b i:c:""C.>e5 ~,j clec;~:!=- IlUTtlm;aU>' ac::or,~;; as ~e wa~ciicai..ioDS of :he !'1i.:i positi .. e knses ncr~ aDd ~e in numeri­wi vaJ~

4. A vwb!e .!II;!~.:ati..."'D 07~ system ;IS claimed jn c:l~:n 3, it: \Lh~=!'! !~: ra:::,;~ of ~~'.~ of th: 5.A~d c.n;e It.lI~~ ~ ruct! :J:..Ai tb~ JIWXi:'!",um an.! lIli~imu;n rJa~C<olict! 0: the !::"!:e~ are ~ one m the other.

S, A vari3bl~ ma~:::n~:irm ~:J .... ,'CI!I as d::.i=-:l in tl:>i:m 4. ill ..-!::::t ~ ~a:ci no-o py.'?\C leIl~:S IInc equal focal ~;;"'!b,.).

6. A ,·.a.';"bie m~~':l:'!i::z.licll optio:ai ;;yslem :IS daime-d in :IJ;m 5 i.., ... h::h !be ;::O'o'c:nc;-~< of r'u ~d three: "'::l<CS a~ ruct:; 11'13: dtri::;; tiic..ry. r:JJl~ of ErlO\'~~:S th~ pu!'itic:: 0: w: ne,;ative i= r-.. l.ri·'-c ID &.e flJ'O ;!Dsi-zi"'e lel:S::S c!lan;:es from &:...r Ont at the po!'i:iH' !c=, ;It 0!lC .Iimi: vaWe o! ~~~ to nc.a:- !.be otller oi til: ~i·.e ~~ a: ~er m": \"~~ oi n:..ag­cifiati en, ... bl.cb IiIDil nluc is :11= recir"'tDl of the orh cr JiQit.

7. A vam.l:rle I"'~~!i:a.:ic%! ~ka! !~== ~ =---=e:! in cllr.:l 6, in ..nidl t!le 2.Cg:ei of m~~ ...: cf th.e a:ov· a I-I~ leI!! eo! UI: so.:h t!!-ar z: D-x, ar Cs.t&. !:::ti t of th:ir mo·.'~1IU Cl= s::ij ~t.~e km lie. ~~' close to O!l.e of til: S4i: ;Kl5'~ve I~, ±.e c::im'::~uf cI.o5c%rrn b~in~ riw tb= ;Dr.;:!! 1'1:JM m oe said "~ye Ins mJ t~ aJ~[ posi(\"e lem .l!%ye a R'ili rU~:l v.-hi:.!! is ".cry ~ i: ca::;!uison 1riIh Ibeir fr:2l ~

._ A ywbk mGgnin.-diol1 apricaI !)'Stem ca:n--"~

e

e

e· ---..., I

-''''o,rositt.e II:mc:s ani a ~ Jc.s. all ~ngd on .2 Ct'r.'_..lo.1 c:;::i.:.;J axis ~ the two ~li¥c leD.,," ~flC"ed a,,~n. a.;d tbe rE;a1!9'e Icz5 benwel:!! the OW!' fICIsr:;"~ ~IN:S and ~ bam at least ODe of Ilr.:n. the ~i~ Icn-.cs ali bc:~ movaNt axiillly and the p:>siti~e !en-.a :. t'("i::~ lvm.:rained 10 mWl::U~ a COUSUIII a:.ia.I di~:;.n:e 1lC .... nn (hem ~~.n!: lto.:;, ui.aI c:o-n:menl.. m3snili:3tio~ v;;ryi,,£ =.. in tOC1b;.:w:ivn ",ith said lenses. fC'!':' Mn­ti:f~ou~!)1 iiJ1cl simvlw&ct"J!J)' JI\U.i.ag the I", 0 po<>lIi'::: len<;cs iI'IO !he m:p:-i\C k:r. alorg the optical a:tis rrl;,:ivc Ii) to a ~tabQD4.l' s,!r:xm acc('fdiD~ 10 a law sucb lh:lI the .:i, • ..rn::.c f.-~ ; me::! poiDt CI: the suppon OIl "'hich Ihe i.~re of an o!'~.:t al a ~ disu=r..e from the ~aid fixeLi ;,~ii.I on L'Ic ::J;TO!l is accll.'"J::e1y focuHed rC'!IJ.ir.s COn~la:1l ;o'~i1e t~~ size o! ±~ s:Lid im3~ is con:inU('lI~!~' ]5 ..-ari:d dt;ri~; Ib~ opcr...:U!n cl tho: ma;n:fic.:tiCl:1 nl")"-i:':g :n=, L'lc distance bc:1"'c:n tb~ imase p~liOD Lor Ih·: rur tr.!.: of t.h.: s.Ud pos.iu¥c ielbCS anc! Ibe eol':'c­:'i'Or.dil1; ~:;;a;alc oMccl posiC'Jn for thc 011 .T of Lie ~.jd ~i:i¥e k:md !-C.ri; finite IIlld not gre~:~r wuUlCri- 20 caiiy th;':1 a ~ail mLL'tirlc 0: tbe iUC21 Ien£1h DC ri:hcr (!f th~ ""OJ F,i~'e lemes. ~d two stal:oc.ar), IeOl~~ po­~iijoneJ on :':c opli.:al uis. ~:tiyely opuo:a!ly b... .... foro: ; nil af:~ :he: said um:c m(!Va!llc lenses.

~. #4. \""~!i:~le a:~~riO!l opti:.u ~'Slcm a~ clailned 25 in ciili;:, S, i:J ~ hi::h the 5L2.1i(lll~ lens.."'S are both rChi­t:\<: ier.'e5. ~rc oi ~t::J CoXal ~;t.1 and 2..~ ~Yl!'.i7!c:..-i­I:?!:y po3.L.i,.'r~ iroul the mid-POS:UOD of the lbre:: mo\'­al.ic IcrM1.

10. :\ Y;l;~~·.e rllip!:f..:at.iO:l optil:Al S}":Clol Li)lIIi'ri~ 30 ill';: I~ 0 .. ~ti\e lct!..<CS a:ld a nCg;lu"e lez:.s. ail 21T3t:~:d Co. 2 co;-;r..c~ cp:;:.al uU ,.,;Ih the t""o posi:i·.c lc:l~es

:ri"~:;!j ,3r:;lI"' ... .:..:ld Lbe =~cive Ic.ns b:rw~c:! th~ [~O .. ~ ,i:i':c le:1lc! ar.c ~p:I;:ed from at 1C451 one of :.h:tr.. L'le ~..rij 1~;:~ ~~ i:oI:.:::;: L:loy,,':lc u!a.ily aOld the po;iti,c ::s !...;i:'~3 e:~:::: c,,~~~illCd fo m",in:2.!D a COC~~r:.l a).ia! J:!L.ir.:~ b,-~'" =:;;:n th= dur~~ their a..~i2! mCWetih;:i'![,

r.l;,~m;i::::l:;011 \iLC}';n:;: !:I=S, i.a conbination ... ·j[h >.aid k!'l ..... ~~. f\Ji ..:'C:l:i:ruc:.:s:y anj sccl:.:..:::Jco~Y rnn"t'ir.~ L'1~

40 1\'0 r~jti\'.: k::m:s aI:ll thr ~Iivc lens along Ihe op-

• 27

-tical a~s rc1~.(j~·c 10 a sletiona.. -y 5U~'f1 a~~ to a law such that the d~S1.an~ fTom a fu.ClI !K"1lI On :!It: ~Ll!'l'ort ;:t .. I.ieh Ih: jm;:~e of ar. ll,je=t aJ II m~ (b­tonc: from t:1C said tb.eJ rolOt on L'1~ 5l1rpcr. n .. ~:-.;­rall l) focu,.td rcrr:.:dns co:tstant ... ·hi]: the ~itt of &.c: ~aiJ i:Hil~~ IS cc·r.:in;!ousl)· varied du:--'.nr: t~ c;>c:r.ati.lfl of t"c m::.:;!nific~t:oll ',aryin:;: me~:u.. tile di<.\3!1CC re­Iv'eel: Ihe imJrc rt:'~itic'n fC".r Ihe = cn: c;i Ih~ <;;,id po,;;;, e len,~s J.~d thc .:-orrcspond:n; conju!;'lIc otoj.'CI ~'i'i":t ~or I~: o:her of Ihe said ~~itive !.c= be!-::: fin:;.: 2nd not greater n"meric:dly Ihln a s:r .... :l znul­tir:e of Ihe fo:al ler;~lh of OOle of L,e said pnsitiv: len=., a:-:d OJ ~:;Jti.'n3ry Je~s posi:iure.i opti.:;,.1ly ill fro::1 Qr :be said three r.~ovabie le;}ses.

J I . .-II. "ari~tolc ma!!niiica:ion opli::--al sYYCi11 ::< claimed in cl:Jim 1 G, in which the s~id slOI:ioDlry lens is II DC"':3-

Ii," lens. -J:~. A \ariablc m.~rlif;ca:;on ojl!i:;)1 S:'i!c:n as .:lai.l;J:;!

in dnim II, in which i~e ~3id ~talior.<ry 1Cl'.$ i<, 3ch,,:­.:-.re along Ihe a:.is 10 focus Ihe ,y~tCt:1 fo: cl:j~=s al'~ar­iOll~ di)tances Crom the s::pport.

13. A \'aria~lc m2~~:fici!~ion ol'lliC21 s-,s:em as :!ai:::Jcl in claim I:. in ",·hich Ih~ s;,:j staliwnar;· lens ~ o~ :odl foc~1 ICIl£11l lhAI ""hen it j, k=us~~d ;Clr :m ;:L'in::: o~~ d;~!i:!T!ce said sl;J:ion:.r) len' ;, ~~;r..:c·n:O Ie jus: per.1'..i~. Iho: full rnn,;:c of mOl ~rr:e:1' of the me'·a:'!: ~:ti"'f. lenses.

Rfferenres Cilrd ill Ihe F.k of Ibis paiC':tt

UNITED STATES PATE!I;iS 1.165)';1 2.liS'.~~fl

2.501.: 1 ') 2,51~.2:9 2,53;,561 2.566,": SS 2 . .s65.~,S9 2.S78.5i4 2.649.0 15 1.663,1'::3

Cal'::"ff c:t ~1. _________ J~;- 1:. 1';:9 G,~~=y ________________ ?'ov. l~. :!I::'1 Ho;"';.I:::!.; el al. _________ ~i~r. :1, !950 r!c~.~,ins _______ ... _______ ... Ju~~' .:, i950 ',1,':,;,! .. _________________ J~n. 9. 11:51 CU\ :!:icr _____________ 5.:;-!.. -1, n5I Ho~I.!:1' _______________ S:;:L A, 195! .~1;1~.s ___ .. ____________ IA:.::. !i. 1951 C~J.: _________________ Aur:- IS, 19~3

~c.,klm _____________ IY..c.. .:::, 1"53

-, , i J

1

-' ..., ~ "

t • f

I • t

f . 1

. 0' l t i r r ! ;

f ~

f I

t <

t , r r

~ I

t t

~ t t I t

t I l , l I r • f

I l

•

•

~ . ,

." .--. ....

Feb. 23, 1965 H. E ROSENBERGER ETAL

ZOCI! Om-CAL SIS!EII

3,170,98.(

F111ld i!a1 29. 1961

s "-...... _--=-- "...;:::..--_ ..... ) FIG.

100M SYSTEM MAGNIF"lCATION LENS R#.D!US Il'!rCY ...... ·S SP""C!hlGS

L, R,=- 177.01 11=2.5 = 63.395 at ,..-- R~= 37.1$7 tz= 7.2

s."" Lz R;=- 37.67 = 46.901 .t

L I~= 53.45 t=".51 5 = 0.3 "' .R.=- 65.461' J

! L 1':'- 50.5al t .os! {= ,. .• ~ .1'

¥ I .. • S N R1= i6.14 J = ISO. 73.1 .J Ls R,;= 27.04 t= 3.2\

FIG. 2

z IZ~ 0 t-

2.4

< 4.8xJ u - I ... 7.ZXr

z uxi-~ tZ.Oxr 2: 14.41

I

FIG. 3

28

•

.. RANGE = 12: I

I "1"1" V !

1.2 X 11.720 29.3

14.41C 1.4SS IE7·0

. ILSI7 !&4.5

1.2 X 1.517 64.5

14.41. 1.72.0 29.3 ._'---

•

•

..

• • • ". . ,

";'

•

• ~ --"-J ~

Feb. 23, 1965

• . • • . . \.... ." ".\ I • " " !

)( N

• 10:

Z C .c; :E

I I

ORiGINAL PAGE uS' Of POOR QUALITY

H. E. ROSENBERGER ET AL 3,170,984

•

29

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 . .. .. .

•

z o .c; ::l

... '""'7:"-

.., U'I

I~ . 19

lNt'El>lTORS ~ROLO E.ROSE~aEKGER HE~SERT D. KORONES

BY ~~ep~

• --". ':-. : .. ~

•

.. 1-- .-,

I

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECITON Patent No. 3,170,984 February 23. 1965

Harold E. Rosenberger et ale

It is hereby certified that e~or £ppears in ~ &bore n~mber~d pat­~t re~uiring correction and that t~e sa~d Le~ters Fat~t sho~ read as co~ected belaJ.

(SEAL)

Au.-sl:

Column 5, 1 ine 19, for ". 32F 1 <+F;< .39F l " read

.!2F 1 <+R 7 <·39F 1 -- •

Signed and sealed this 17th day of AUgUSL 1965.

ER~EST W. SWIDER Attesting Officer

£DWAP~ J. BRE!\~ER Cwn~~oDt"r of Patents

30

.. , .-..AiI

-:

~iG&NAl IPAGIE \l~ f.fP~ QUAU1]3

:.

• .. -::

:-.....

•

. '

i

U cited States Patent Office 3,170,984 Patented Feb. 23, 1965

1 2 distortion aad f.amas of field. The f~ont lens meTT;x. JJ b:Is a positive foc:::i!ie!!g!b Fl :lnJ ihc rear lens mem­ber 11 bas a ne<".,arivc focal icn::lb F~ per se ~'b.i.:lJ is D~ lIICrically apn:ssed by !be inequality,

.ISF1<-F2<.9SF1

The nriable space ~ belwccll the member 11 and the objea chanses lhrouShout the zoom rat;;e at:d OIL the tlmninal ends of its tr2.,'d it has the va!ucs given here­

The pre5CI1l im'entioil rclala to apjcaI. SP:e'!!ZS ami more J::l. .. ,icu!ar!y rda~ 10 impIo.UIWAIS m ZI)QI;1 type of pancratic optical S)~1anS.

Ie bc.Iow. I~Fl<Sl<l.SSFI (at 1.2 X ) .9OF1<Sl<1.20F1 (at 14.4X)

l.D reer!:t ynn. kns de:.:g:xn !taft ~ 3. JmID­

ber of zoom type of pana;,.tic ~ ~ fo:- cse em nrious kinds of opriCll ap;r.u-:illlS aDd ~.J;~: thee 15 snlems aIe very Q)mil!~' ill !lIucrore and h.:!;h = cost ":'h~r.e\"er high sr.-di: ir.~ery ~:dJieo.'e:L Fa: ir'-;:-r pm-' JIO~es tbe lr,a~;fi::ltiMl nn~ is f.:>UIlC! to be !DO WCJtm. p-'.ITlicukrly ~hen supUocrr im:I~ is d'CIwIlkj ~

- ~;lb a l:ar~ mJ;ni!k:;;cn r.m~. . 2!.' It is an obj-ea cf :be prescDl DrmIt;.ou to ~e a

no .... :1 :oom 1~1lC of ~cratic opticl ~~ "'l:t.:h pr0-duces a ,-ir.u;l im;z~ of az; obje.:t at a !'!:.L'(l:l2l] P::OOltlcr., said S\~le:n bein" corrccttd i.e :a superior :r.~"".r. f·..,r all ch'om .. ~ic and r.,-ont'C~~a::.:.~ ima~ a~ Z! _e.il !5 as disi oreon :md fi::U:r:ss of fc] d..

Ano:bu o'.::jcct of this mven-4 i; to! ~~: 5!ICh 3.

devic: hz~7.!; :m a1r..or.:!.~ ~ ca:nfic::!o:: rr.~ of 12: 1 o~ U('re ~itb.y;::: !:IcriflCng::r.:: of the a!o:-cL~ ticmed c!: sira b:e O>'tiCll ciw-'...:lCrisiic:s. .:0

A S! JJ ! .lrther o~jec1 is 10 pr'O\i.Cc SIlCh a zoo::; Ol'tiQI !, .. ~lem h:l\"ing u:;nost ~ ;:Ld optial C;:'5ci:;: c'::IIl"i,leUl v;i~h s:=;-:ricr opti=J PO-:Of!71''-' ~=.j lew cOSL FIl~ o~jects aJ:d ad-."3!\t=~ of 1:lis i%r\-C:=:;J:\ .. :i\ lS

be fou::d i"! thc brm aDd =~mall aI!d iii U:: deW!:; of s:r.l:t:.:~e of ttc par1S t!o=f toy rd=cc to lh:: spe c ;fi~ ~:l:1 I:crebel 0" v;tcn S!udicI! i:D ,;:cr::i.."%1 'II ilh the ::cco:npaIl}:i:lg dr.I\"~~ ill ""~

FIG. I is an oytia.l ~:nm ~ a prd~ fOIl:l 40 of the pr=nt iDVCIllion,

FIG. 2 is ;I ~:c of cor~<trucl.ioIcl d.a14 "bich !s JUad to ,he 0;~Q) syslOI in FIG. I; .

FIG. :, is a th.:..~ .. hi~~ .is apJ.=:.ln"y of ~ fCl-I un:s of !.his invcnlilT.l. .; ,j

FIG ... is an or'jc .. 1 If:.;r..m of 1lIis ~ ~; one o~'-i:i~'e posiLion J..hcmf. ~ .

fl G 5. S 0U1 d 6 arc fr.ila OV'.iw1 tAa:;n::J. skmng "the oper.:tive positioDS tl:araL " ;.0

An ol="i~ ~'~= j;e.nera.1; in.:!.icIl:d by D~:ral 11 is ~own in FlG. I of t!lc drarilg. a:ax1i~ to a 1ft­ferred farm t'f Lhe v=:.~.

Accorili,,~ to this inYc1l:tiOIl. said ry5U:m II cue'li ist:s a­front h:l".s ·na.:ber 11 of ~v= pc:wcr an;! a. = leas s:; member U. of nq;;W.e pc"a'C2' v;"hi:h coorcr'..l.;"-:;y p:'1>

duce a ~'inuaJ ima..."C I of aD objea O. saKi b~ be.D:; f=d iII ~! !;~ Sl al :l. st:Ii=J ~~ ~= the 01: ~ 0 ion<! the I=zs membI::r 1 L )"rderir! ccam.. not ~11, an: provided fa- DIIJIMli%:g ~ U u.d 11. for uial motun. :and fn:' mariz:g said ~"en dif. 60 fercl1..iidly :and simullantmtJy as sIJaq m fIG. = ,nm Ib-pea 10 Uly fi.ud pc.in1 QD ~ optiQ! :Ws so tlIa1lhr vinllal im:l~ ! =l' = C!:"'..l...~'y Q[]a1 ill £ :at said 5!;ltiona..ry p'JSitiar:l t!rou;hDal a r:DI:gC af. ra:=fficatic Ci o[ 12:! or mor:..

The op:ic:a.\ CO!I5tnII:ticm of ihc j:m ~2:D lC, i:; ~ ciaIly =sisr=! far D C%1CD1kd TiD;c at Bl2r5miGI beyoa.d 1l: 1 iI cIesim1 and. ,. ~ prap:r:-i r4 .­sysItJD ~ achieved alaug with adler hi;Il ~ :J:::I11Da .. Slldl as a supc..-ior CD.-n:aiaD fer a!1 dIrrIDIaJi.I: ~ ~ dIrom:ltic: imag£ alxrn1icbs IS wdI • cmaz. 15!!;antnm

31

l.ll.ewise, the space ~ between the lens member 11 and member U chaD~ throughout tbe lOOr:l.inS action, \-aI)­

ir., ::~ U!o\l'n di:-:gt:!.l!!autic:aLly in FIG. l. In We prefcrred form of the invcntion as sbo'll'n in

FlG. 1. the iroUl. ler~ mer.lk-er 11 compri!oCS a compound m..n:5CVI l~ con~:~t!n:: cf a dOl!k-!e co:!cave clc!!lc!lt l..l and a double con'Co'\. elclT'.cnl ~ located in conU;C1 ~il!I i15 ~ cOllOlve !U:llI:=C, Tllc PO~!ti\c foc.ai iength of abe meniscus Jcns (L l , 1.,) bas a ,-;:lut belll>:en j,OFI and 6.0FI Further co!:1tJ:i5ed in said frota lens me:nm 11 is a dol.lble con"e,;. si:l;le lens L3 IOC .. led rearn-;u-dly of said 1T'.:niscus lcns an:! b;:\"ing a iIOSiu\'C foc,,! 1~:;t.!:L .... hjcb .is between 12FI ~d 1.~~1' UIlS L3 is sp3ced a fixed di!'1"l1(;c S:a rearv,anily of the: meni~cus lellS (LI • 1..:), ~ h::r"inl; a value bc[we~ .O~F I and .II F I,

The aforcs=.id rear le::s metr.!:-er 12 is prc:f~tly com­~e;:! of a do"bie conc.;;,\'~ le:ns clement ~ bwi!':; to::~;;:t ~znr.-ard}y \\::h a Ci:n:s.cl;~ c:leruc;-J[ ~. i.h~ i:1~erf;'i:e A. IbeTcxI~ bcin; WIl\'<i; to ... ·iird tbe frCr1L

R.t:~;an1ir.g the comi'QurJ froot lens (L!. ~). tbe radi::s Gf the ft.::.: It:'"''':; ~:.:.:~.;;.c: ~l s..CcLIJ h:zn: ~ ';,"I~e tu!-t\~':!l !.C)( :.n,! :'i:, we 5urT1 o[ tile ra.!ii of t.t: nc~ll\',;:) l:::s ~:J;f~;e5 i~2 Gr..J RI, FUl1tcrmcre I~e 5\;::1 c! L'1: r;::!Ii of the froot a:iJ b .. ~~ le.,s ~urfa.cc:s R. anJ R; r~pccti\'cly of ]~S 1.., s.bould t<c be·",;:.:r. 1.5"X a!:!c 1.62X the: s;:;n of thc r.ldii R2 ar.d K;. W:i.h rc;:;;.rd !O the re:u lens =Ccr 11, 4he IIOJI nJrf:.,e p~ th~:~of should ha"e a ladius es:;uiJ 10 le~o:en Ux lDd ~.OX tile r:;d.ius 0: the rar surf~ R.I'

A !DOre COO"!l';::e su!eme~ t of cor.s:"-Jctior.:1 cla.!a for the ctJtical sy!JCM w!-:id: ~;'li~i:cs the re.;:-..::'.:matLS of tho: l'T~nt i:wt::!:.ion i~ gi\en in the t:l~!e h':I=~OW. lIrhere:n P l to R.3 "-'"~ Il.e r~jil of lh.: s!Jc;="j'.e 1e;-:.s S~­!:lees. '1 \0 1~ 2..'"< til~ a.-ti;.1 tbicl;."~,se, C'f t),: sccc:S!iYe lens e.lel'\CZll5 L1 10 L$. 51 :0 5! i'.~e lh: sp:~s b.::-:r,'ec:o ~ ;cr~ :..'lI.i ",) anJ • ~;e rtspecli\c:y th,; :-efr,,;:i\i: i.:t:!:x ;\;U;i the Ahbc na!T\N:~ re~y.:cti'~~r oi the glasses in said e lar.enu.

•

3,!Ofl <-R: <4.06F1

.i3FI <+R:<.':I!Fj

.73FJ<.. -R3<.91 FI 1.OFI<+R~<L28FI J..3FI <-Rs< J.5iF. l.CIF:<-R,< 1.1F1 .J2F1<+R-:<..J9F1

.53F1< +R.<,67F1 ':501""1 <11<·061F I .J~SFJ<I,<.170Fl .o~9F1<tl<.110FI jlSlFr <,.<·067FJ .065i-·1<rs<.07FFI 1.25FJ<SI<l.SSF1 (Ie:LSl 17:) .9OF1<SI<1.20F1 (highest m) .oo:.F1<Sz<:·IIFl .37F1<S;<.47F1 (!e3Sl r.I) J,.50F1<Sl<3.64F! (b.ighc:sl m~ 1.717<.'·D( 1) < 1.7"'..3 1,,,%<ND(2)<LSOO ~,!U<ND(3)<1..s19

•

•

'" • I

3,170,984

3 1-' 1 5<.\"1)(4) < 1-' 19 J.717<X1)(5) <1.723 lS.9<rr 1)<29.7 66.0<r~:) <68.0 63..3<.'))<65.5 63-,<.(4)<6.5.5 28.9<.(5) <29.7

4 It should be ern~~asized at tim point thaI the zoom

optical sy'Sf=m ]0 as Above desc11-cd ~ Dot limited to a zoom ra:I!:e of I:: 1 as mentioned ill c:onnec:ticn " .. i:h one form of this ~~·ention. but !!Ie n"~ may be ex·

.-be!-cin F J cknOle5 t!lc focal ICl:gth o( the first lens m ~m-

li tended considerabh' li'il-hO!J1 stroctnral chan~ in tile optical P3ns and ";:;.!'1ouL S:l.::riIi~f! any of the superior o p: ic:aJ perform.ance SlAl:.:1 ill 111= objl:as of thU in VI: n­tiOIl..

Althougb only a l'ref:rnd fann at this UM:n!ior has been sh('''1'! 2nd I!~='L~~ m detail c:ha:n~s m~y ~madc in ~bc d:tJi1; e~ Ct"!".st_~=rion ;r.wI Ionn of tbc ot=::.rt.I lil'IJ suMti:uti.;)us rr~~y tt .... ~dc tb:n:ill without c!epaning

ber n. and m d~!..c~es tl:e m:!gn::iC3tio:l of the ot-jec! CDCtJC17':il-eJy ;lrodu::t:d by tht two lens member.: : I ;md 10 1l. ~ rons~C1ion,,: !!at:! for on= wcce5s(ul form (If the

~n! i:wcnlion U ~\"en sreciilcal!r i:! :he 1;.1:1e !lcrc­belovo and as she,",':! in FlOe 2 of the dr::wing v.·lJereill

nom the ~.L;l of tile jn't'cn.Lioo B cbime:! ~ the ap-. pended ~;ums. .

;he s]mbols R, I, ·s, el,. lire ;Oc. s;,me :IS s~cifi~d in Hi :he foregcinl tablc, li;-..:! F.L cJe~j~:.t.:s It.c focal lengths

We c~: - • • ]. A zoom ty;e of par.;:r.;ti.:: optk:al system co;-rccted

(or..cl,romau.c aDd CC:Joch.-o=tic: i::J:lp: abeIl'a!;on .. and of the Ienscs Ll 10 ~

Zoom;y1tem • f.\bc.~ r'J.lI2~-12:1J

•

Lms R:Id:\!S F.L 'Thk~1 Sps= ! .. • EO 1-·;3·39.1 ~I 12X '1-!€..lI'Jl~:!.4X

I 2:--1:7.~1 Lo ~i b-2.J L:'3l So

B,-T..f:i • lc.. __ +3a2 II::;J-~

I :L_ •• I R,--".c7. 5:-0.3

&'-$l.4:I IICI +5:'.7 t,-LS LSI. M.

IR;-~~ • ",~mI8.!i:IS.1 ).:X • .Hi().;;!):u 14..4X

:a.--5C~ Lo ! B,-l.6.14

-2:Lt t.-~

r. +*.0 h-C t ~-Z'''()( I

The of'CT3.lian ci a zoom opli~~l sy~cm com.!ruc!ed 2:-:rrd;r1g to tIr'! i::b,y.c ~re.:-iR~J OFi:~C'1oI1 d~~a is best t:n .. oe:-s:c..'ld by ~:'cre:'!~~ ;0 FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 of the dr2w­ing .. herein ray Ir,,::! are ~howll for I"'n typical jays, 16 and 17. As here sh('wn, the a.till po.iLior.s of th.: m~"bie lens ~:n:ers ] I and 12 JIC sho,"':! for t~rce i...,,·'!" 1I".3!:":'.i!i::a!!C':1! ~·:'icb are 1.1X (FIG, 4). 4.SX rFJG ~) i.'lc! 14.~/. (FIG. 6) ::orresponding to !be rna­r!Cl:S indi::a:ed in 1::~ Ct;rl"es 13 ar:d 1~ of FIG. 3. Sim­~:iy to FiG. 1, t!:= (If,,eC1 0 is sho\\'t1 at the lefl of the ('7.j:a[ di~:;-am c.:~j .1> iN!ic:lred til" the dOlled lines 18, t£: kns rne.'1lt>e:s 1 J and 12 form :I vinu~1 imzage I, SlroV.ll in dC'::~d :i:,~ a;~, at an axiJlIy fixed po~:tion. _~ tl:c lens me:r.~:-·. Olle simullJneo:.Jsly mc:'"ed through Ij:eir "runions, t?le \;";'!U:l1 imJ~ rerr:ains filled i!l posi· ti~:'I at I · .. t,;!: ±?- ma!:T'j!kalio!l of ~id im~f:e ~oes thro:l;h :~.: I"ll~;:: cf 12? 1. 11'e ~:z~s and po~il;ons of rh~ ~ :nemhc!'s 11 anJ 12 are chosen so !b;iI the ima~ i re::l:.in, c: COns:l:!nt ~:zc :!!roughou: tbe zoom r-,,~ ;.he .;,c.S<:1"' e ~ Jrea of Il-: o~j::t 0 d:c:re:l~i~g liS

t!~ rr....:e7~i.:::iG:-r cf L"e ~~·stc:-n is ir:cr';:2,scd. The !iiYS­oc:n tll!~ p::scn:..s ,,:l i!!:~.t:e of c~r.;::n: si:;:e ... ·b.!C~ m:y ~ rn",jC:1=d or '·i<'.:~!y ot>scrvcd :!:.ro:J;n tb5 .. ..:: of suit­at:e "l!.~~!:.r:' Clp:i:.1 5)'.1:::15 (nC': ~hu\\·n).

Gi\'e1l l:e:E-e:c';. i5 ~ t::bie v.1I.:rein (he space~ 5, ~nd ~ ~ specifie:' !~: '~e aiorcu:::i::::::d m;.~i5~cn T.!nge of 11; 1 as .",: .. :ed to th= o;::i'::ll sj's!em 10.

J. SI;

1.";3)

6l

:s. oS

• b __ in!; a 5U~=-..::,,::y !!:a: fi.e!.1., ~d 5~>.e:n c:omp~;sJll;:: a from ).e~ meM;'~ ",hi.:n c..~r:5i\ts of 2 t.?rr1j1Olmd mer,;!>I;;L!s k~i "IIoh!~~ :5 C:l::~ve Oll The Clhiect ~i;le z::d h2S a pcsi;j\'e ioc;J !::;;.;h of tocI"cen 5.CFJ and 6.0FI

40 y.herl F! :5 tbe (0'"..2.1 len;-:h of the rrO!l! mem~ and is com~d "f a fre::: cauble Clm;;;",e clement havi.,,: its !lur~dce of SJ.!'ong:~ CJI"'''GtLI:'e in c....'"":1:;':: l.1.1Eh a re~r dOD­til! con\e~ e!eme~t "1""; il!.'1h'!!" indcd::<; a doubie conv~ lens sp~d a fuea (b:"'na: ;-cr .. or';!}" thereof iind h~v.

45 ing ;] pos:::i\~ fo=<!: ler.';L.i 01 benl:~~ I':Fj an.1 lAfJ, ~aid S}"Sleo cor:;::is;:1:; a do'.lr'e ccnc.a~e c.ompound rear lens m~b-e:r \l'hi:iI n opt.~y aiig:led reJr .... ard.Jy of th.: frlmt men:':'!:r :u:::: has a n=t;\'e fool 1en~ v.·hic:.'l is ~t-S1;:r.t~l~y .9~ F; and lI .. i~~h is corr:;-=d "of

W a front d.)ubl: ~n:a~'e e!== ~\'in:; ju ruriaa: of ~ron£eS: CilT"\;;;.!t:~: form':;lg ... in:.r7b:e wi:.1:: a re:l.T

CO!l\'U-cJ.l:::l':'> e:~111 wh~:n ll1e conc.a'·o surface is fcar.:'!O';-: and h:.s ~ .. eOlia c:un';:1Itn-e than lhe inter­fau, stliJ JT!~!":I~ :,ei.'lg" ~!"\'~bJe witll resred to a fi~ed

55 point on :.1e~r co~:"!jvr: o~~~ ::tis simcll~~C'U!-ly aild c;:mtinl!(1'~~~y ~ a;::erem rc!CS 51:' as 1(1 form a \':rm.::.\ im"ge of c.)ruini.:"":"'iy n.~!l~ ~ of 2!1. obj::.:! a: a s-... tionar:· ~tion m s..ici ~is t.lro=~h a lUOlt:r.i:lClI:.ion ra1'ge of r-~er IJ:., ... : I, and saiJ D:~1-cT> bei.!!t: spaced

GO ap.m a Cl.u:::.:: be,~n J7F1 ::I:ld .47Ft .-hen :he sy5-

1~ prlXiu.:cs leas: rr..a;:r.:lic:r.i.or. anj ~g sp:l::ed 3;T.lrt a disr .. no:e b-::illoee:! 3..5F! aru! 3.f":FJ ""'o:n the 5)'~lem produce~ 1ri~'K'q rna~c:o:tron. !he sp:ce I."!!v'c.:n tbe

Zoom P.,...er I s. E'- object ~ :hz fTC:'!' I!'I~~~ -be\.,,; ccrresrondinglv be-____________ ---' ____ : ____ ~ No'eeI 1.15!'·1 znd 1.55F

1 ",bctl1he Sj"Si.e:n produces as!

l..!.._. _____________ .1 63.3'.; IS.~ ma!=lli.:Ctioll aI!d lc.!'.\·c::n .9OFJ an.) l':OF1 lIo'ben the ., , 81970 401. ~Ji system /i"odnccs ti;e gr:a..tesl IC~~ !f~===-~=.. .. i ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 .• ':oom t~y- of pa-nC:r.Ili: op.ic:IJ sr.'lem as se fcrrLb ~ ... --.·-_·-=:=====:=_::I $l.Il".::" IIG.<J9 in ~inl 1 v.bucin ~d r.~ k:n;, is formed of a

~1.:"'004 :',"'_ .. ~,<~ 70 d b f -,- _. .._ .... , ~.L ______ • _ .• __ .____ 51: :r.·3 '"" ou Ie C;)O.;:;JYe ro;U ~,rnl ... ," a UUI.!."C COr.l'~ !-ear 1..6. _______________ . ...·44!l1 l:!l!.;lI'9 element 3nd furt~ ~~J by lens radii ,.,hidI

Nt--·-----· ~. ~ ill: ~ b2YC nom.ericaJ r..Jucs as p~ ~ )U "'1101, l&i.::n 2..0(Rr R,) <ilr<27(RrtRl)

75 U4(~-7RlJ~+~<UZlRr.-Rll

32

t

\

•

• .-

•

•

. :.:"

-•. ~

8,l~Sl

5 6 lhe radius of the front SUI ~a;:c of sOlid negative ~ :it: 8IImCnIb I 10 , clrsilmlinr til: ~~e cottrpOf!'!nt bel being bel'l~ .. een 1.5 and 2.0 times the radiLl$ at IlK Itm demems DaIIIC'd ill ~ frum the front of Ihe rear surface of SOlid ne~~li\'e member. wherc:i.D RI 10 R. r.stc:D. llJ '" Ra dcDorr * radii. of !be respective cksignale the r~dius of Ihe lees surfaces named in orda' lI:Dsc:!.. \.be I"3IiMI8 R, bting rUa:.cd to a cemcD1ed lenl in-ita the froot lens memb~r. I ~ It io ~ ucnul& the tIIic.knems of tbe sucrt..sive

3. A _zoom type of pancralic optic~l system as SI! ~ elnnmts, S:: ~~ tbe ~ spxe between the fc.rtb ill claim I ..... herein said mcni~us lens is fonn&:d cbject md the fir.-..1Ic:m. aDd S, md Ss ~p!T¥Dt the su\:· of a double conca"C frc::'1 clement and a dou~le COD"a ccssin: :sp:teeS bdv.-eea the IemI:s.. "D repreliCl:U the rc-rear clemeO!. and said rc.,lr member is formed of a !rtml fncDve iDdcx and • ICPiCSLilfS the Abbe number c! :!:.: double conc;.\'e elcmcm ::!!1d a rear ncniscus elelJletlt, th: 10 £lz..cs "' the ~wc !em c:II:mcD1s., :md DI siSoi.fies the

• constructional cala for ~~jd system bc:ng givell i.:I the ma~CD of lhc ~ cable of incq~:lies b .. ~~'elow: "- A ZDQ.11 typt of p;ccntic opti~ system tom-

3.~OFJ< -Rl <4.06F1

):"risiD! a frorulens member 01 pmll.i~c power ar:d a -, ~ar • TJF < +R < 91,. !em me:nber at neptive POOO'C' optically af.{:oed Lhocre-

~3F;<-R~<:9IF; g ..nh. the fnlm member ~g of tl:rec lens clemen.ls I.OF1<+R,<1.28F1 ui die r~ mc .. r.~ ~g.of ''''0 clements, SOlid

• I.3FI<~R~",1.57Fl ~t'I:n btln~ moVl!ble uWIY.s:imuJlar&eOUS1.Y and ~on-1.0F <_~ < 1.2F tiJIucJmIy JWui~e 10 a b.ed pow OIl ~ axiS so as 10

.Y2/<+,)-e <.39/ f':II'JC a 'rinual ima~ of nriable:sizl: at a Sla!iollar)· posi-

.53/ <+R 7< .G7F I !!It tic:: aIc:I:; !he ui, ollJl e~ the co.,SU1lctionaJ d:lla 050): <, <: 061 f' J :!ad'or bci;;g p~eD i!I De cable he'fej,o...!ow ~bcrcin LI

:I5S/</<:190F1

to Ls dcsignale the suu:essive IeDS eJemaJts in order .OS9F:<I:<.110F~ from the frOll1, ~I ~ Rs deDo!e the ndii of tbe lens .OSIF

1<1

4<JI67F

1 ~ Fl.. Wfg:nai&S I.bc foca1lcngta.. II to IS dcnNe

CG5F <I < O~SF. ~ Ihc thict.ue5so of tile len> dements., oS, ~senlS the i.1~F;<SI<·1.'55FI (least m) :W::J S!'lcc be~ecn the ~ &."7 the tirsa len!>, and ~ .90FI <SI< 1.20F, (hi£iJ:~1 m) ar!d S, rer=t the SIIt::eSSl\'C a.'\J:!1 !p;JoC..~ t-c:wecn the .OO~FI<S:<.) IF, kre.:s. ~d Ifn 2.!ld r ~~ 1M r:fractive indeJi and .37FI <Sl<.47F, Ce::st III) ., AI'rllc r.umber ~pc;.t.:"'ejy (If the p:JS' trom whict: !'4ld

3.5F1<!"3<3.64F1 (hi~he~1 m) ;;.0 ckt:lcaIs an: mack.

1.717<no( 1 )<1.723 1.496<110(1) < 1.500 ).5) ~<'ID(3) < 1.519 ).5IS<no(ol) < J.519 1.717<"0(5) <1.723 28.9<.( I) <29.7 66.0<.(2) <68.0 63.5<.(3)<55.5 6L~<.(4 )<fi5.5 28.9<.(5) <29.7

33

I r.L. I ~m.s. I --~---;"I-I

A: __ r.:..a. I -c..i ! tJC:..s

s,{ :!!~ ~ :i1i I

H-· 1.,._.

~--

I.

~

.I:..=--3:'_C'

p.,--53.CS

i ~-"""'4i

+Z'- z 1/-~.1 +=-~' r,-u

I~: l7..'u i .!d

l &0 I 6.._ Q

1.S171 r~z I

~£.oo-a..s 4 __ ~,;,-IiG.."" 4. ___ -___ JIll

1.Sl~ I {,(, ~ 11.~.ll I ::1.3

s. A ZOUIIl opI.ic.U ~cm anon1mg 10 d;um 3 .... here­in lbe lUI" surf;.::e of !hi: front do:.:::le conca,"!: clement,

~ and :U from and r= wrf.::ct5 of tl:e 1I0utolc cor.vcl. dc:mc:tl an ha\'e tile same OOtlS..

Rd"~ C"~ jg Ihc Ii:e of Ihis ."latelll

UNITED STAT.E5 PATE. vrs 58 2).U~ KJcmt lull' 19. 1!;I5S

e •

• •

• •

•

e > .. .~

July 23, 1968 EIICHI T AKANO 3.393,958 CCKPACT ZOOII L[);S ;'W.zCUD CYU! " LA!I~t: RANGE OF IlAvNlFICATIOH

Filed April 15. 1960;

• • I

SHOP-TEST

I:L8

-QOS 0 a.os

FIG. I ..

FIG. 2

-00500.05

2 Sbeets-Sbee1. 1

1.0NGEST

..,---­"

-0.05 0 0.05

SPHERICAL A&RRATlOS a S!NUSOl~ CONO:nON (~)

34

lNVENTDI. ElleHI1i~

tfJ~~ ~·A~r

j i

-::

July 23, t 968

• Filed Apl"'11 1S, 1964

SHORTEST

-a.OS 0 O.OS

SHORTEST

3mm

• -s 0

SHOF\TEST

-001 0 0.01

EIICHI TAKANO 3.J93~58

FIG.3 INTERMEDIATE

\ 3rnm \ \ \

-0.05 0 0.05

ASTIGMATISM (mm)

FIG. 4 INTERMEDIATE

!mm

-5 0 5

DISTORTION ~

FIG.5 INTERMEDiATE

\ 3mm

I I .r,! g-rlnl

c:-line \ I

-0010 0.01

35

2 SI:Iee t..s-Shee t 2

LONGEST 3mm ,

-o..o~ 0 o.os

LCNZT 3~

-50S

\ ,e , \ , I, -lint

~i:\o , , , ,

-001 0 ~

----.-----~---

--'-"~

• .-

~"" ~ :.

•

i· ..•

• --- ~

1 3..m,q~

COMPACT ZOO~ LL"'S CO~[CTED OVER 4 LARGE ~"'Gf. OF MAGSIF1CA1l0~

Eiidn Tabn;). Tokyo, Jap1l:l. ass!;l!Gr to Qmen Camen KabashllJ KaisII3, ToI....,o, Japm, • COlpormon of 5 Japaa

Filed A.pr. 15, 1964, Ses-. No. l'O,nJ Claims priGriIy, applicatioD 1zirm, A.pE. 17.1963,

38/19,678 I CbiaL (a. ~'>

.tlISTRACT OF TEE DlSCLOSL1RE

10

3,393,958 Patented July 23, 1968

2 memben iDdudes a c:emenwi doublet of a negallve a:ld a p®tive L:m. ill whic~ all the sinSi~ posilrve 1en.<oe:S have Abbe m:1rI~ mo~ lh.:u1 55, and :til the sin~le negatM lema = than 30. sa.t.is!yicg the (ollollt"ing conditioas:

!~-+t,,'<0.15:·11 1~1/J!<O.1.Si+J I~UJ!<O.1.Sl+t1

wherein, !he rdr.!;tive power " and shape fadDr X of the t!:ru positive mc::mben are numbered, respectivc]y, by 5IIk..-r.pU in order from tbe front 10 rear, aDd the refractive ~ of til.: whole fim I:Ompolltllt is dr:sig-

15 JLa~ by +t. The shape fac:Dr X is dc.fiDed as

Compact zoom I=s b2Ting a moming ratio as I~ IS 12 and a rela1i?C apern:re as gn%1 as 111.1., the 1m.; heing highly corrected o"rt" a Ia.1!lC rnnge of ca;nilic::a­lion witb linle variation in a.bemltiOll apon zooming op­eration; the lens comrrisir.g iO:Jr =;¢,cnts, a fi~ fixed convcrg~t I:ns ~oup, a ~O!Id axiany mo,·"bie di­vcr~en.t zoon:in; IcllS gro::p, a thir.:I lem group lrIoving !!O ui:l!ly COTTCS;lO:lcfu:g to !he axial mavemCIit of the sec­ond ~DS groli~ 10 avoid lrI~em~1 of the pa.-axi.a.J image point ana a fourth fu:cd and image fOrnlmg 1= group.

This irm:J:~iO!l n:lates to I zoom !em. and more par­ticularly ID a loom lms highl)" ~t.ed CT::" a l::r;e T2!1~ of mag!'i:i:atica" A1J obje::! of the ilrten!.ion is to p:t!vide mL'1il:1.If.zed ZOO!!! lens hi:;b:y corre::ed over a Ia~e range of l!la~:i:2tion.

Ano:!:cr o':-;~.:t of the rnvrnri~ ~ to pro;ide a cornpa::t ine:\~i'"~ 7"O:Il I~s hil!~h· COrreded over a ma2:1ifica-liJn cf ~ lea.;: tc. It' CT.le:- . -

X. lIr. + 111'\ l/r.-I/r_

~ '. and T~ denote ~?C::tive!y t.'le radii of Cll!Va­

turc of tbe rar md front surfaces of the kos =~. The detinitio:1 ;md the meanir.g of the s.bape factor is dis-closed in ·Wave Tn~ry of Aobenticrn" by H. H. Ho~ kin, poi>!is~d ~ Oxford at the Cl=:!o!l Press, 19so, pages 119 through 121.

!.5 (2) The seamd component composed of thne nec:a-bve mel!lbe~ including a cemen:ed doub~l of De:"­ti'"C and positi,c 1=. in which ill the Drc:.ivc l~!.e..s ~= Aboe 1Il.UII~~ of more th2n 50. aod ~I ~ f'OSi­tro"C lCll.<eS of Ies.s t~ 30. sati5ties lbe fc!Jowll:ft COli-

30 diticms: ..

_"nc,~er o:'";~:t oi t.~ i:tventio!l :5 to provide SO'::J a IIDd

!".-t:::~<C.1 :¢.! !"';_~'7I<O"':¢o/ 1 .. ",- ~;.!<o.l.~i

mom )en~ 'I1.hi;iI is of ~::>le fOn:l aDd oi a comtruc- 3S lion suit2~:e for CC01'Iomi;:al ~.:-trre 2nd "l("!:i:b ro ca.:.t.!e of 5'~~:iJr peric!1II2D:e ,.."he:lil5e-d rl!: photo- .. h:rei.~ t",e refra:lj\'e !'Ov.'er " and w;-e fador X of ,r .. phi: o:.;~\.:s Ca\ing a rcL;.uvc ,,~e AS pat as t~e tl-:~er" :"!1c:-:-::,~~s are n,;;:-:!lerd, m~:ti1."e!y. ~. 5Ilb-II 1.8. s.:;i~5 iu 0;:; trc:n tiom ~ :-:::, ~"":::! :!:: :-efr.:::cth-e

Further objects me:! adVZ!lt.ig:s wiIl ~ apra:ent in 41) pD9-":r of the wbol~ second C()t:lpon~: is dc:ne:l by .,. the detAils of constr:ict".oo anG arra::~ of ~~.s ::.s FIG" I sh~ one cmrodirncnt <!':cord.:n.; to the ~ described in lite specifi~cm lae.ilio" ~ IOgelhu C!I! mvem:CT.l, wherein (1), (IJ), (Ii1) an::! (IV) ckna'.!: wiTh the drav::ng, ill 1I"J:::ll.: the cam~;]CJts cozr:prising tbe wbo;( ry~I=, 1. 1, a.I:d

flG. 1 is 2.ZI opti::al ~ of ODe if1cmativ~ form 3 t!te me!T.~rs Ct.'c::p~:.; ~ CC'rr.PO~;:Dt (J), cd 4-of zoom lens cODSlrud.ed 2:ar.dir.~ to tl:e invention; 45 5 zr..d 6 thoo;: =~::; cc:=?C!lc':l! rD).

flG. 2 dCpK-L5 the ~pb5 ~ti..,~ the correction H a ZOO::l le!:5 system is miI:i:r.:.-'..z..-i! ~ci1e ~ for :q:!lerie:J a~..lio::s l!Dc! l!le ~iatian in tb~ sine ing its l:!..~ moming ratio, the foa..l h:n~.1!s of every condi:io:! of t.~ ZDO:!I Iet:s shaw"D in FIG. I a1 !.be wide, CDIIlpcmc:nt .. "OU.!d nl:c~ly bave 10 be s..'lo;t.e:led, me ... , and te;':p:'oto ~.:ms.; w.be-ICy $0= de:.eriorati~!l in the col7e!:tic.!! of ~

FIG. 3 cie;-oi:Ls tbe ~~~5 ~~'1ting the ClJ.Tection 50 aberrcJ.io~ ,..'Ou!d be cause:!.. As a cour.~e7.~z.sure ~l!St for 2S1ig:!!l2.!:~!11 and imag~ cu..,~tnre of the zoom leD! th!!, mere!o[e. it is ne,~ry teo tee;: tbesc icr..a.i kng'.!%! ar I~ .... ;,,k. !!!~~'! 2!!!! t::!e;::~~ p;ni;;~ 1oD~ by wit!er.iJ;g :!Ie movi=g space of t.'lc movabie

F1G. 4 d:;i-='.s ~ g:r~ph5 ~ting the coTTection compoJlC!t ~ me axial t1;icknes~s of bot..i:l said moY-for di!;lortion of L'>e zoom km 21 tbc wide, mean ami ~ ~=;:O='.s, with tbose at tbe frot.1 aDd a1 the back tele rhoto ~: ion; and 6:i of dle 2!J;e a.< tlli:l as possihle. Oa the other lwld, 10

flG. 5 d::-.:cts the pa~ re~'ing f!le carrection mi:ti:::::iz: yaririon in chromatic aberrati:ms, eadl cam-for tra:nsv= ctrro=tic aberra:iom at the "'ide, meaD JIC:l=nt s!:ouJd separa.l:ly be acbro::la±·.j wbich ac-and lekphOio J."'5iti~ annpanil:! a sbort ra.ciiU5 oi cnrvaru.'"'e of tbe cemcuied

It is to be mI~I"S"'..ood 1lIZ1 the tI:Ims ~ aDd ~ ~ ZJIci an i.aaease in SAid axial tbi;J;nesses of the as us..-d bercin2i"LC./' mer 10 the enc!s or thI: zoom Ic:ns eo ~lS. lbo::gh thi$ inause of the axial thlc.b:II:ss ~pectivcJy nca...-er the la:.~ ad s!wrtu CD!lj~ cm:tndidS!be abol·: mDltio:Ie.d CD\.IDte~ Db-thereof. ~ of tbc A.b:,e numbm mentioned i:I w abo¥c

The ~t:lrized zoam 1e:cs S'tT.= in ~ with ar.u!"tiam SJ~tu!lv etUliD.!leS these ~:cs the ;:resell! i!lvCltioa c:a::ilits. at fear CDml'--'"'1:!~: a am:! ~y .ves the aberratkrl COrred.iaa. bed ccrnv~~t t"Ol:lp.mm m. Z!:i axially mo\":;bie I!i- IS AbcrTatiO!l Tariatioos chl.riDg ZOO:IlU%g ~ m: ve:~t ZOC!!1in~ ("=;ocd (TI). a co:nponez::t !!)(n.ing mostly c:w..0.:1 by t.~ first aDd seco:ld components, aDd ulally CDrre<;?On~ to the uial IJIOVC1lleTIt 01 said 10 Jc!c:J sncb nriaticns, the rr:siaua.I abencticms of ba"JI ~r.d ~:::roaent 10 lIvoid mmcnc:nt of the paruial I:D!I1po11CU3 m1iSI. c:ll!SWltly be lep! ~ eqtW b!ll una;;.: JIOUll, an": a fue:! a.!!.d ~ fOTl:ling co:npa::ol of the opposi!c,jp].. ar.d, moneover. 10 decrasc ~ (~~). The im'.am 5)"SIeID SItiUJcs t.IIr: foDov.iD; two COD- 7t' ill Jrig:l:u order ;ileJTa1ions.. which is ,..,.:;;;:! t.y iiIe CQOo ditio!:s: binatia:I OZ tile lhird ~ aben1io:lS CGS.:d by t!=

(1) 'Ibc mst anu;:onczt corn;nsa' cf Ihrce p:lSitM 1binI~..nh axupolldltS 15 abo by the first ADd sr:r:.-

36 ---- =

• -;:

.;

•

:

.~

3,893,958 4 . 3

O!!d =OlTlI<~·lU'n:s. each of The ft~ and second eomponcnts should be se;:::rately well cc~r-ed. In sueb a zooming ~ys!:m !l3\in;: 11:11 only a zoc;ni~!: r:.tio as lar~e as 12 trul also a Large arerlUft n~o. lhe incidenl POiDI of LIle refrac:th'c ;ruifa:es of 1!It margi'lal r:lv and the p~cipal ray is ~n::llly changed during zooming oper.:lion, and thererore lhe abo'it mcntioneo! t.qledie:1:.s are parti:clarly impon::.nl for SoIlch a sys:c:x:. For su:n :I zoom lells sy!!em baving a lar~ zooming ratjo i: i~ gcnually desired t.'lal ""hen it i5 se! at wide f'O!oition. di5lonion and aslism2!is~, which ::!rc conspicuous ill tbe eC!;C of !he ima~ field, ar.:! Vo'ben it is set at felep" ... ..,~ ~"'S:!ion, sl'hcrical a.cd chro­matic abeTrations.,·,hi;h an ,ign.if..:;;:.t in !he center of the image field. I!n: sutstar.!:a!ly hi~hly corrcclc:d: the presenl jD\-en:j~e sysLelll ba"i,g lhe fiN and second com­ponents respec:th·tly composc.J of thne members., tacb of "'hi:b bas rololoer and sh3~ ~=I~rs as defined in l;,e abo~e condiliom •• ~tisiXUlr'';j' ft:.!!1ils SlKb essential aBd SeIler21 requiremc!'Js..

A pre~crred eum;-le of tilt zoom Icr..s fO!!Ding a ~pe­cifi~ embodi~enl o! Ihe in'it":'!.ion. and h::!\ing a rr.2gnifi. c:allon r:ang~ of 30cul nr.·l:he to one. is consuu=ted in co::!or.::ity v .. i:.': the fono~iI:~ :rIc ... ·h~rc.o dir.:en!ions are in terms of miilirnctcn, and :be re!:aai\'e indices fur L": sodium D-li..'1~ ar;.j tht Abt.c di:::.frcfSiviJ UUIlIlx:l;:' iUC

res;>ccli-ely d~pa.led at n and v, the I"2.dii T. lhick­DCI.SCS d, spaces s, cffec:t..ive fo;.;l length F, 2IId "j)C:-:ure l':I:io f. a;r n;]:c'.~Ted, re5peco\tl!" by sukcripts in ordcr from h:onl 10 rur.

y o-lS I l-U

r-~'~ ,.-u .:-L~ .,-=~ '" -61.66

~. 111"6.7 .~ -L';J3 PI -Sl.9 " --"I.!.~

., _D 1 r el!~.4.l d. _lJl .. a LE:!J.il PI -60..3 ~, -.

I, -0.1

r-65·~ " -3.4 .. cL&:Zr.u .. -6)..3 " -J';S.~~1

,~ _l_J~'L~.~~

r-~'"-~'5 d,-U ., cl.805lS .. -=~ " --K..tJ7

II, -0.6 .... U'~.45 II -.5Q.6 ""c3(I.O

.. -L7

r"~ III .. 2,0 .., -l.BOSUI Po -25." 'u---t.3.8

.:, -c..& .~-l.~ .. -50.' ru-3C.::I

•• -u t'--3ol.<3 fI, -0.& ... -L6:!Oll II -&0.3 ,;a-ii..:.$.~

., - ~l.l!l~'.I!lJ-LJ!IIi r"'" .. _24.4.1ill i d,,-o.G ._-UHl!3 ... -..x 'IJ~1!.._~

d"clA -1:1- L.5.12S6 11,-46.0 ru"-2.;J(,.~

" =l.(>-f--_LI r .... -4JI.~ ,1;:=1..3 ~,,-l..SHSl 7,-[2-9 r_-:lS..3J " -OJ to:S·J3 ~ .. -U agsl.!Q ... -u..O

~..37 .. -OJ

t~17~ 414 -%.S tllt-J-mD ... -~..3 ,,.-54.,,7

cluoo4.6 ~!-L':'&472 ",-2:1.7 .-n.w

.-u

E'· ",.-a.GS ..,,-u:= ... -4.5.0 'f'%:'--2!.C6

11117"6.5 D:-LIBI!l6 ",-10.0 91 411-g.1 1 ..... 20."" d'11-U ..-Ll:DO ... -~

_gs.12 .. ,_Ill

t:-~ ... -1.8 _LDIO ..-c.a ---B.ar ...... ~

FlOS, 2. 3, 4, and 5 sh~ r~"dy the l~tiOI1 en rves r or the splle icaJ ahcrra:IOr>S. as-.igm ~ ism, 65-IOrtion, and chro=.!ic 3be=tions zL~rteSL16..s mm')j;inlennedi::te (30 mm.)_~:Ung;st (i5 mm.)

I lOci I _Ill'lb:s. ~ !he a!ic5Ve ~:iO!"..ed ~bodimalL wbich providc$ aD cx=ellent qlIalilJ at wom kns s)'stal .:;­cor din g to this mveIltiau..

V,1:iie the mvenlUm is thas ~ i% i& no! ~i!ed t()A!he pr:cR nh'~ ben. ar.y chan~ mal' ke ~c!!l)'

)0 made without de!73~ truro lhc spin: of "It ievenriol1. What I e1aitil is: • 1. A 1.uUm lens compririDg fo:Ir cocpoaer.:S: II firs!

convergent CO!:'punenl, II ~ uiAIly m0T2.ble cfe'~­gen: zooming co:nponc:m. II third component mO\i;1g

lS ax~aIlj' corresponding 10 tbc ~ 1DQV:.:r...'"tIl oi tbe sercnd co,n;xJ'l'le:ll to avoid mOYCDe'llt of the pa1"..l:ia! i!::.J: e point wd a fourtb fiud anJ ima;: !om;bS COI!1po:J~nt, the le:.s bei:J~ ~ i:J SI.lbw..cti:'~ ~I=lian=e lEitb the foliowi:!:g WIle 1\'bere the ~:~ ~ given ill ci!!i-

20 melers, 2Ld proceeding tr= !be frO!l! to the: rear '1 to r: dC5i~i'1ale the: rad;j of Q1rT~t;:r: of t!:e s;rrfa;e, "I 10 Cu the aXai thic\;De'jses, s. tC' s •• th.: uia] separ..';ons. fI: to "1~ the indices o! !he indi:C'S of rrr...:t:o:'\ for tbe: soe:t:lD D-Ih:e: an:i VI 10 V!9 t.'le Abbe: dispe~'"tI nu.'!;be~ the

£.j =::~=-=.::! ~':''= ::! ~ ~ =,d s., re;r.:s=r::, ~r--~.i ... c.!j", t1e sr.~g; ~'ee:l the fil>t, !.C:o::d, Lhird, ~d !O'.l.-'~ CO!!'.;;oT1er.LS [0: three po;LtiOIl.5 of !.be movable: cc::r rc~ents as tbey are mo"'~ t:l r-rcYi:l~ u 1ea."1 ::::;~u:::::. intc..'TDedi4te.. and ~wn ~gni5a.uous..

30 F U-:-S 1 1:1.8

", .. u I .. -L7:Z " -%7.5 :.~ .. , . f:-W-~

" -11M "'~ .. k i t, -t..1 .. -Lna .. -su P'J-~

35 .... Q.1

r-~4.5 , /". IC .,~G ~-!..~ I II:"!£!~

:o"1~

.... QJ

r-6f··~ ... -.3.4 .. -I.1t'I:>n "~.J > > c

40 ,,-1~!31 e -1.1S2-aw£1 &.m

II, -:.9 .. -l!lal',J .. -~ ~r (.

•

, •

f-~~ " _.-...4F ... 07 ~r~"jl 7 fl. ROo. ..-L~ .. -s:L& .. I.~O

.. -LT

45 r-~ ,F:" .-:.1 ., -lJIII!l!i I': .. ::u ,..--4..8 III ... 0.1 .. -css= .-.!O.e ::- ~) ~~

ra-&.~

I --

... -1..1

f"-";;';'" " -0.& .. -1.C{l .. -1iD.J 60 'lI-ltl...s:;J

" .. Sl..59~7.111HJ!1r. r--Zl

.

4S too-a.. ..-I..:lCZ ...-6U

... -1!.i:I '" - " .1,-1.1 .u-'L.!iZ!:15 ..,-4t..O ".--~.s....,.

S5 II R I.o-II.:'I-LI t..--!l!..:!i ~. i 4U'a:~ -LDoIQ ...-c..» - ~..:-__ 3I>.J:I

" -o.J

W -").~ .. ', ~"' , t;.;,:U _l.B ",~U,J

- ' 60 .. -U

f-r~ ;, r. .. 1

.... -2..5 _l...lOm ... _.3 ,..--.54-Si

.... -0.1 ... -L¥2 __ :..7

SF /,' ~

...-u 6.) 8

4 1>... ~11-111,,-4.&1 ..-z.a= ,....c.I..' r:--=..O!

k-U _lAiIiII ..,.aI 5'::') 1

-.,-U

f-:C'~ 4.,-,.1 _J.£IIIl _1il.J ~ t: . .: 70 ___ !12

.. _-al

{:~LI ~ ..-4U ~f\' 6 :a.:t~

--------------~------~~------7S 37

•

1... :. ~ ~ , ~ . . '. - ~

-

• •

• .. •

• "

,.

•

,-

• --

5

•• .-

•

JI.ehnBas Dei FORElGN PATENTS

~,417 lID163 Framz.

DA vm H. Jt'CBIN. Primttr1 ~. J. K. CORBIN, A~ Fzmrrirrcr •

38

6

.----

• APPENDIX B

RAY PAli PLOTS

•

• 39

•

•

•

OR~G~'\lAl PAG11E 'U~ Olf pQOIR QUAUn

\

TftNfEWTIft.

1..00 ().reooo<l

'>\ -"':"'~...o:!!-==--_-+-_~~"",=:--1.a

IIr

0.7':) o .f.E.O(rOO

{'.-:>::' Q • t.6tO:'o<J

31 JUL'(. erG.1 .

--I

-- .0

40

51'1GITTAl

--:"""'4

•

•

•

T~IIjjlK..

1..00 ().~¢<IOIJ

ORIG!-NAl PAGtE ·u\iJ'" OFIPOOR QUAUl'V

5f'6ITTm.

---::.-~- .Q «---- -Dr

tI.7':l Q .($.,0000

(>.0Ct

Q.CJ5~rO'J

JULY 31. CFG,2 .

41

1->

r c-_ - -- ~'

•

•

•

TI'INtEnll't..

1.(»)

.). ot:rOo:tOG

----."..._'-'!Ii::i;,,;;::~_.J..Q

JULY, 31.

1 ':>·00 .~OOOO

erG,3 .

42

5ftbL II tiL

- -c

..... >-c <

-. --.-..

• T"N{~)" , b'I..

~ .. 0

• _ oa::z ~

=

JULY 31. CFG,4.

• 43

•

•

•

APPEBDIX C

COKPAHY IHFORKATIOB

Information was requested from the following companies:

1. Rank Precision Industries, Inc. 411 East Jarvis Avenue Des Planes. Illinois 60018

2. Celestron International 2835 Columbia Street Torrance, California 90503

3. Fuji Optical Systems Inc. 4855 Atherton Avenue

4 •

San Jose, California 95130

Arriflex 25-20 Brooklyn-Queens Expressway West Woodside. New York 11377

5. Angenieux 7700 N. Kendall Drive Miami, Florida 33156

6. Canon U. S. A. One Canon Plaza Lake Success, New York 11042

7. Zoomar Optical Systems 55 Sea Clift Ave. Glen Cove, New York 11542

44

•

•

•

Angenieux 7700 N. Kendall Drive Miami, Florida 33156

Dear Sirs,

TYPICAL LETTEI.

1 am looking for what is. available, or modifiable, for a zoom lens to be used in a space mission. Could you please send any information, including optical sys tem layout if possible, on any sys tem which would come close to meeting the following specifications:

Variable focal length Image size (on vidicon) Flnumber Spectral range Volume Back focal length Front focal distance

Thank you.

45

20 to 200 cm 18.6x18.6 mm F/8 400 to 1000 nm 30 x30 x70 cm 9 cm or more 10 m to infinity

Sincerely,

Douglas W. Ricks

- . ANGENIEUX INC.

• angenleux 120 Derry Road, P.O. Box 7 Hudson, New Hampshire 03051 Telephone: (603) 889-2116 Telex: 94-3469

•

•

16 July 1984

UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA Attn: Mr. Douglas W. Ricks Optical Sciences Center Tucson, Arizona 85721

Dear Mr. Ricks:

Mr. Juergen Schwinzer of Arrif1ex has forwarded your request for information on a zoom lens to be used in a space mission to my attention.

Angenieux quality lens systems can very well meet your optical requirements. Enclosed please find dossier techniques and literature on the Angenieux 42X zoom lens for 1" and 1!:i" tube formats .

If additional information is required, please do not hesitate to contact us. We welcome your continued interest in Angenieux products.

Sincerely,

ANGENIEUX"": INC. Henry A. Peterson EO Technical Sales

HAP/ps

Enc •

46

• '.

• )

•

~" .' c. c., " C' R _ . . J....) __ . _ I

OR~G~\\!fo\l I?~G~. 'rr~;i' Of. POOR QUALITY

-; =-:-- ~ ~.: . 0 ~ J~ I :-- "-'" I I ,''' '...;>I _ ""'-

- '-"'0· • .. ' v' 1 ,\I, - , . 4 2 :x. 32

47

- ------ -- -- ---- ---- -- --- ---- ---I c'l

---,-/.'

" .• --~ ,. '

•

~ ,

~~~ ~ 'H~~ ~~.F _N),~E u X-

;J , .-

'",:-::-:,:-,. :...~-. -

-,

... -' ...

, --.ORIG{f~A!L' pP\GiE~S~ ",.. ':m::: 'POOR QUAUTY

, , ~' ,

..:. ....

- '

4 2~"· X' 3 2 " ' ... .. ~- -... -'

'J- .~.'!'.:....... . j.. -.

".,. -, ~ > l :-~."" ',: ~ !". ,..-:"1. ;. ~~ :- ~ ,J. _ .'t

" . .:' I _

... " ,. .... - .' -.... -t&: ... : " . .-- -." .-- :" : -.

~ . . '. -.

- -,.

POSITION eOURTE FOCRLE

~ '-

N~ -1 0 2-2.7Q) A ;~-~~: :--' ", -': ' , ,_ -~:,',--,,:,:; ,,~~< ~ T?-~:'~<~:':~" ",:

-~

ou ZOOM :1

Ell .. ~. '-.

f-_

-.;

,'.- -;-~: . I .. - . ... - .... _. ~ .... .;.

- ':~:!-~,,;<,- ",,", -: ,:., 'I ':., ~ -;.;' :: ~ ~. .' . - -~ :':'. '-:

.. , ....

. ,:~~', .\'..:~:: :'-.. - - -' - .""/ -_ "t'~ .. :r.' r - ~ -~~. 'J

-:,.-.

" >~' • -"f,- _"I , ' . ,,- - ~: r

,- '

~. . ~~,-.- i , "

, ,,- ~

- . ~ ..... -

" , .. i

, ,~

'- -

~~~~~~~~'~ ~ -<,'.,

..::: -

• , 48

POSITION LONGUE FOCRLE

,"

.--------~--:...----, 1

--- ~- - "---- --,-". --, ...... -.-.-~'.-.:...-'-~-~ .'- ~ --- ----- ... -.. ~ -.. ~ . __ .. __ ... - ........ _-- ..... _- .-

!..~~.,~,- .,'- .AT' ~ -;:""NIEUX :r.~. ;,.?:- u - .

·N° 102284 A

~~-------------------------_A--N_~_ZE_N_X_IE-32-U-~-.-Z-lO-1-0_M----~--------

•

•

RENSEIGNEMENTS TECHNIQUES (suite) TECHNISCHE DATEN. {Folge)

". 'TECHNICAL DATA (Cot;'tinuation) ,- ~ - - --

- ,1

Diametre de la'lentille avant .. - , Freier Durehm'esser'der nnse

. ersten

Clear aperture front glass

Diametre de la lentil1e arriere Freier Durchmesser der let zen Ii nse Clear aperture rear glass

DiaJTIetre exterieur IT'aximal Gros ster' Aus s endur ehme s seT ?--1aximum overall diameter

Rotati on des. bagues de eommande -

Stell ring -

Total angular -rotation 1 ) Mis~au point - Schade - Focus 2) Zoom .. 3) Iris - B lende - Iris

Couple n"\axirna 1 axe horiZontal ~l axima lc r e!";n; am ent ~,axim '.lm tor ~ple

1 ) \iise au poi nt - Schade - Focus 2) Zoom (prise de mouvement) 3) Iris - Blende. - Iris

Poids Gewicht WeilZht

Monture neutre Neutral fassung Neutral mount

Centre de gravite

par rapport au plan image dans 1 'air,

49

'.

. .. '.

180 x 160 mm

28 mm

220 x 190 mrn

Deplacement 24 mm 188 0

95·

.,

-0,7 cm kg O,~ em kg

0,5 em kg

15 kg en version manueD.e avec capot, avec platine sane pare - ~ s'oleil

, . ~,

450 mm environ

O~~G~~\~.ti\l .iPA~~ ui O~ fOOR QUA-Un

~' J"-

,i .. :~.:··,~E:!'>:IEL"X ORIG~NAl .PtJiGE·WS' N°.1 02283 A . /.-_______________________________________ O~F~P~O~O~R~Q~U=A~6~ftYV~·-· ______ -. / I. ANGENIEUX ZOOM I .• RE!\SEIGNEMEN~S

• I

I'

1 I

•

TECHNIOUES - TECH?"ISCHE DATEN - TECHKICAL DATA

42·x 32 E 11 . . .

TV PUMBICON 1 " )/4 . '

"

Dlstances Focales 32

B rennwei ten - ' 1344 mm -

1.26" Focal lengths - - 53 " Ouverture

i/2.3 Offnung -7.6' - f/26 , -Aperture .. ..

Diametre du champ imag~ 21.4 mm Bi1dfeld Durchmes ser ..

Image field diameter 0,845 II

Tirage optigue (dans l' air) 64.7 mm Schnittweite(in luft) F.ack focal leneth {in air) 2,55 II

Facteur photomefrique ,

Photometrischer f~X:tor I , 31 Photometric factor Champ a.ngulaire objet Diagonal Bildfeld winket I Horizontal 28· 52 a 46' Obiec't angular field I. ~I:tical 2.2° a 34 1

?\·1ise au point minim ale 4 ·m. ~ahpunkt

Shortest focus i ng distance ... 13 it

Avec bonnettes on- 1 .. "

Mit vorsatzlinsen ·n~ 2

,\I.,'ith close-up lenses n" 3 -,'. _~_ ~,o

Plus petit champ objet I . 37,4 x 49.6 mm

Fleinstes bildfeld

Sma ll~st object field 1 • 47" x 1.95 II

Avec bonnettes n° 1 ;

Mit vorsatzlinsen n- 2

With close -up lenses n° 3 ..

50

I

I j I I

I

0 4 :

0 0.-- ,.

0_' .

•

_~~;r-~-G--~-~~-~JS~--j~:-~!~-- --- ::::' J-'~:-- J-"- ~_.c-:. ____ .,-_ fOCALES~E'/nlt~-

.; - - .

---~- ------r -~- -'--'-jr--.... --- --- MISE AU POiNT AIL'lNfINI.L- '.-- -1----'---,,;-4-: 1.L. __ -----+-- -__ ...:...J.. ...... :~I.,j ,; ~-:--·-:---~~.-.--.-.,------;---.-I----:---.--- ---'-.---,-:','1' ,;; :~~~' ; - I: , - -~-I- I-~--i-- - --1-~-'1' -- 1-_ '--- -" '--r~ -., --~- ------1 '-'----- -. ~-. ---H----·l--r- .--~--- -~. -:- : -:- -.... ~ '~- I r- ~ - -.J -- - :.1 :-- ~ -4 L -'- ~+---; -t--- - I -:- 'j-.- _~_J._ -,-l.-t- I-~:-: ''1" r--I r--, -'~I--;-"--+-;-:-+ :-r~----,,-J- - ---s ---- --- -, ---~--- __ ~L -- L -~ _-l __ .. _ _ __ .L( _____ "I . ~,-- _.---, --~ -J-L!. -;-f - - L I ' .L.

~~~;~jF~t~~ ~ ~~,-J __ . t:; :_i~ ~ ~ -~I-~L.:A ~~- ~--,I 1=~~~~ ;c~-i;~ -t:<J~~~{C;,~~~~ _l_' __ t----':~ I~-'C- ! - _::,-;J: ~--:-!-- .----- .', -;- DIMENSIONS IMAGE- -,-~-~--.-.I-,-,J.:,-:-,-;'-',~-%, ~,I~: : t.:C;j:;-=-:~r C-~~ ~_ •. - '1 :,~;: ~: f _-:c f=;c ri!-i:i.-::;:Y-: C. - ~c:~--_ ic.'-:: ;~:fL_! :-~~ , 'T -, - - q---:-- r ~ . - -, -. -- .- -- ~- , . -; - -; ~- -- -- ;--- ----1--- ,1-----,... --'-- PET I1l C01£= - ,- 12. SIt[ - MM ~ --- - -', -1--1 -~-

:i:l~~~.:{~~. r~j~l~~t-0}1r:+2;~~r"·oti:hl:r:r'_~lj:!t1't~~t~f -f- -.... - - .. - ,L - ,- -. - ", L - ~ --_J.- _____ ~-- ---- '.- _.,J". - -I_.+-'--'~,- ----L-~T,-~--

~L~.~ __ ---i ~~0:-_-_~~~J---,-____ ._~ __ : ~~~} I-,-~-~':L- -:.- :~t~~-_:.! -~ ;~~-:~~~~~~~~-{j'j !:~~-'lri==~l~J.{~_~~~~-i~~=t;ti~:-: ~-,- :- -!--,...: '--i -- :----:~--1·-;----'-:t[--23/9-:J.76'-"-'-

- ,; --~-:-~ i- ~--~: -r r-- : L.:~ - --~- - .;-L:--~~~ .=~-: T:TLC,:c- i- ~~-t~:i~~---__ I. .-.: -+

)<

.. /

•

•

..... ~ .- . '._---- -~---~=-:::.-~--::::-:--~-::--:-~-::::- ~.----- --:- . "" " .. _-- -. -': ~-;;:- eIANG£Nl EllxC:-:-~:T~~::2~F:T" :::J~TX7mT7~:T0S-N-~-~62?7iA:~0;1

, .. ~; -":-'~; -~. ,-: ::. - 1. : "'i.~_~:: :::L'::~:<~·L~. __ l.~~~~~~:::i·:~j~·~':~;::~:~~~~~·~:j~-:~~~~~~r:~~~:~·~L~~~f· __ j~:~_~~~~ .~r;~~~

".: ::j:-!,:;, COURSE DE'::: IR~NSM.ls5\6~seEc.IRAL.E~_··:_·:~ , . '. ,. . : I. : ' . ' . j. . i .' I •• • • •• -;: .' • ~ - .: : •• - - j . : . • .. I ' • - • ,

: .: . , .. : -~. __ ~i_~~_.~ ___ . __ . --:--.-----.----~-. ---7---:-:---,. -:--, --:---,: -_.--~.~.-:-: :: ~:: .. ! . l. _ - ....

: '. " ZOO.M_42.._x32. E11' ": -", i .:':-::'~ .: ::--:.~_::-_~, _' '.:..:..:....~_.::....,; ::_~ ___ .L___:...:---:.:..~..:_.....: ___ .. "_". ' .. . . : : .. : .;:',;. ,".~ :. ,- ! : .. -_ .• 1 .- ._,.- •• '. . .--.~-------.:~~-:. - ~ --+-~~~-~~~r~--~~~~~-±~~,.Ji ~: _::'-.!. ___ -:;~..:::: :';.:'. --. -- 1_ •• - -. '-. _ •• 1

:···<~:::I·:::::Yj:'~<:·::::~:c~~~.~~i: ::::J:~~;~-_~-T~~---~---::!-, .i::t,:~: ::!:-::::1 I ..... ,- •••• '" - -. -, ••• - .1 -j -- ••••• ';--'-' -! --·-·-r·--·-~;----~~- ~ ... --I i ··:::::~.:::::~:::_L:::::~::i· .. 1 - -~'.' i':-.!:- - ::!~. . r" -; ___ ': . - - -; ".~_": -I .;'. :; .. ·.·~:·:;1

: : -::: ~::~-: .:::.- ~-: .. ::: : 'j j. - I ... ,. ::L.~_~~~~~~ ___ ... ~_._~_~J_~jL~_~l_,·_j:.~~j~~J~·:~::~.i~:.:;~~:J.·~~i:-J :"':-:~,:, _ '-7.-~:~~. ',! ---~--=--: --_. --~" --.----: T., ---'C---'C

... : :: I : ...

.. _ : 1 :. :: - 1. _ T:....;.:..:.:.:.:-~~-:-:--~.;_:__:7:__7_.--:......:.:.;_~=7:_:_'~+_'_:.:.:_:_:..:.:T.:.:..:..;.::_.:..!.:...:...=,.:-.:_,_:.:.~..:..:.:.,_

~'~-=·-+l,i~:-ci--H~=r=-~-~r--" . -; ..... --·]J,·:'-t-·· ..--:=r-=i :> •..•... f"·:lH~J~c~ +~ii·:=J="T-~~ .•..... ! _ .. U_.',: •... - ·r~ ~_~~-~.--(-,.~ : ..., ". 'J 'I I" .. ,. II ' I, . --1"-;--"1 '-~:~-:--·~"!~t-;--~I'-:'~:~".c-:'·-:~C:'.~"-:-:--'- I ---- -- ' I .:1 .. ~--j a,: ---:---:-;-, -I-~---:--+--f-l-- ,-, ---1--- -:--;-·1'-"-':+ -:..--1

. : j' ,., II ." 1 -' :1' I'" I

"5~·::'---1-FL~~-J ••• r··, . ~; •. ··~-F.~ -"---It--.: 0,4--- .- - --- .. -,- _____ ~:LJ---'::--~-;:--IT--:--} ~ "! 1- -T'~---; 1 -i-~-~--~- -:- -, -~ -'1--:- '~~j

1- . ~--,J---~:--.--]--".--~--. -. _~.1.. -.--~~~-----J-:~~-. ~;t~.:.~ __ --,-- -I-t~-~=-I a,~ .---:--",:-'. L____I ~ : :1' _...:J. .. :/' .. , ... n .1 . '- ;, __ . ~

n,~ _. ~-_ ... ___ ~j~ -~;Q~ ••• i~ •. ~ .• ~_l ••• ~-~· •• ·~~~~ ~ ...• !.~_~;:~+~~=,c--.·:_~_ll :--~.-- ,,-:-:-:-~,:~-~,,:,,::-- -:-r -.J ,- .-- --:1 ---J-c----.~----'.--- .. ---.::-L-:---:-:-.. ~j

-~--:-~--'~.--~---~.-;.;-- ~ $" .-.. . :t. -- '- ~.....~. -c,uuiD --~ -----~-'---g-,:~>J ._-'--'--~ ______ Ifl _____ -..-I1 _______ t(). ______ . ______ ~ _

_ ,- ---~~,-~---- ---: .. _ . _ -. ------ ---'. j-' , . . .- -.:--~~-. : ... !~.:::/j .-------.- -- -. --..:-- Lon...sue.ur_ d-onde..·--r n m)._.:.: .---~ -:c·.. . '-:": :::c_:j

__ .. .___ __ __ ... _. ____ . __ :.. __ .....: ____ ._-_ . .c.:..., __ ~:...:.::..=:..:j -'--,-- ------- .. :: <!;::;~~

j.- ........ - •.. .;

. . ..,,' '., . . , '" .... ;:::: -:1 ---------- -:---.----- ---.~;----------.. ---:--"'7".--- .... - .------ ... -- .--------- ----.. -----.---. -. ~~;-:~

-' -: ~ __ • _. _' _._' _-_. _ B OO_..nm . . f'c-- =_, 0,,45_ .-,---'---'---'----'--___ ~.:...C'--_"__'_~ __ . _ In ~r.a rou.se..--- __ ... ....: .... _._ :_,. _. _. :_ • _ _ •.. -. __ ':..";_,_~_: _ :-': -: -:----.----.- -_, . _______ iOOO_ n m~ _______ ft. _= 0, '2.2 -----------'~--'

.• ::'j .------- - --

. , ,

.. - - - - --. - ---:~ . .:..-.--:...-~ --.~-.-.--'-. .:.:.~ - ••..•• _.. 1 W

. - -- -- - .. - -- -

_._~u_lumlere . bl.anc'he.( liluminanr- A")

. 52

:J ,-:-:--:---'-.:..:....:.~-. Z

<

-17 - 3 . 77 -<:

---.-4,....

•

•

•

• _ _. '._ _._ ._ •••• ____ ~.-.- .: ••••. ____ . ___ , ._. ' _J ...• _.. _ .. _ •. _ ..

" ~-ANJ::rENtE.U.X· .: . ":j":, ; .: .: .. :.: ~.~1o.2.27.1._A--, : .: : ':: :. ,. • ! : . ~ j ': .-: .. 1 I" • • r .

:----".-.. u·-·--:·~.COU·RBEs~~-j)E~RE~ARj,jl0NL»'E~~1R£MENT~:~';-~~-~

,

----I 30 ., ---" .. _._. , r : • I .' • .' , ., i

. " -~-, --;----... -.-------.--:., -.. ,--. -_-... -_ .. -.:-.. -.-... ,- _ ... ,-.·-.·;;.Z.-.·-,c.\~. me ~~.·-~.·.·m.-. :--.-...... _ .. - .. -- i ~-_--·:~.~_-·_·~~=~_-.j~~~;o·-·---·1' 2. 6 7 8 '?J if=l r -- -1

___ . _____ ~_. _,20 __ .

. i 'SO ' - - -_ - . ---. I -...: .-.~.--.---~-- -.' - --- -,--- --_.-:------;-' ... - - ...... -....., .. ---.,--,-----. . '---'1 .! . ! ~ l-~'-- ': . ........ ...... : . . i

_._. __ . _______ 80._. _:..-.:....-___ -'-.. ---'------' , . ..!,' j

.70 .-- -- .-... ---~-- , __ ..:.;._..c __ :~._ --.-~.-.-.'---: .-- --,----- -'1 _ E:: 60 ___ . __ :60 __ . ' ---'--~_~._!......_~_'__ _.:...... __ !_:_~_' _'_: ~_.c...j

~ ". • • I • • -- ~ • • l 50 ____ . :.. __ . , __ -' _____ j . ____ ,. __ . __ .,_ , ___ :. _. -'---' ___ :_...:

_.40

30 ... . ________ .2.0_

:"' __ , . __ ~ __ ._~oo.% __ .:. .: _ .90 ..

____ · ____ B~

1

: : -- : I -----_._._------------ ---.--- - _._---------- ___ A ___ _

. __ . '_' ____ ' __ .. ___ -' . ...:c:..J , '

3 4 5 6 7

i I

- .-_._----- -~

-. -:.-~ ~Y2. -~~m-p ~.;;- ;"m~ ~'-_-=:~_J 8. .9 10 _....:_:_ J

--I ., , I

-- .. - .-.- ---"'-1

! ---__ u· ____ .__ -. ~:::

--------' . ______________ .__ 70, _______ ... ___ ... ., ___ c---'_._. __ .,_' ___ . ___ . _____ .. _________ ., . ___ .'

__ F-=..400_'" _ .. 60_. I' _. _I . . _. __ . __ 50. __ .: ____ L_~ __ I ~: .. _~ ___ ---'--___ ~ __ ! _____ .. ___ , __ . '.~~~L~_' .. -.-~--J ---------.4O-f "" :': ., . ,'<i i . :: :::;~,~i 1.1 ,:1

~ , ~ , '-' . - - ,-- . I

--~ _..?~~~n~=-_~~n __ ~~~ ~~ -~~~,~:_ ~~ ~--__ yz_~=;:_~~_=~=LJ , 2. 3 4- 5 6 7 8 9 '\Q . i-: -----. -~-. ___ -.. :~·~r._.-__ +-,_-.2.~-_-._+: -_~-_-=_:_=f_:..=. __ =,--:::j..;=--=c~:::.~,.--=:=-:!::-=.--=-~._=_ ~.=.:-;-;-_~:, ~_-:-': -.. :.:--c.~.~~ ..•. _. _______ ,_._ eO-. "'. ,

.. . ~70 ...

_. £"=1344 ____ 60 __ _

50 : _____ . _______ 40 ___

:'0

_'20

. ... .::1 ---------- .. _-_ .. _----._-----_ .. ,-

-------'-.- -------_ .. )-_._- -~----'----'-- ._-!

.--- ------._-----'---------._--

.. '-z <

~

______ .:~.- Ouve.rrure. maXl . _____ . __ ' _______ ..:._____ ~

< .' . . -- - - _ ... _- -._--, ... ---.

,'VIz,s ~7· a .77

. -'-'--_." VI 4- ,-----.---.-----.------<

so.. .....(20, ------_--~-~ =: ~"t---------. ;----."--'-----r----'----.. - -

I -- ---- t- --1--- ;-- ---". , .

.. ! , ------ j-------:---­

,

; ----- ~

I , i

-I -----;-------,--.- -, ---;----1----

i

.. , , . .' - I ',,_1,, ___ ,_ - ... -.. -- ... - - -- :----.. ------r---.. !-

: --;-:---.. ::-.-=- ---~-.-... --... ;.--'. .. .:... .. 1-.. ------'----+--,--;----,--'- .~--- !-'-'--"-

j' ,i

---:...,~--.-;-·~4~~~ .. ~~ .. ~~-:~~ ::-f-i~ "- I! -- : .--: ~~~t ·~· .. r---~: I"~:" .. , i--~ .. ---

--. ~ : -....:.-:­

'-"-:---.-p ! -_.

--.-~! • ___ 1 __ _ ,

•• _-.-.. -!----- ; i __ .... ____ --'-_____ -_ .. ---_-_._- _ .. ___ .. -_ .. ..;.... -_--_-~. __ ,i_.:....--:-_____ -_ .. ·_-_--+ .. ·_--__ I~' ~~;;~ ------;;~;tf~~~-~ .. I~ .. !

so eo o

I I

'2

i' .. ; , --. /- .. ----- ;----.----~.-- "--1---' ..

490 ________________ l...,e "'7· ~ .. 77

~fj6.'-· t - ..,. r ..... lj.i~

.......;- ,---:

-ff-a:~ .

-: ~ :.: , 1--' I

11~~'I~~~-c~-4~~r--7~-7~~~~r-~~~~~--~~~~~--~~~~~~-r~~~. ~~~: ".: _~.~ ~~~.'J~':~' ~ t . ... . ~;:,... .. ~r--" I ..... -' J ..

--I'~' ~:N~~'F:-~~~~~ >. " . +'·\-~-'-'~"';::-C.-I""'-:-'-''''''-;''~-:-:-''''''''-'''';--:--~

_ 4 ! I'. ~, .:"- j ,

•

-'7J;" ~ I r,:

: j-;·t-~~~.1-t-!··I· ··,i.-"-,Jf' -.'JI-,-'-'-: .. 11,-;-;;-iT,--+1'- ... ·~r-: ...... ;,~-· ,-l~' .'- ' __ L.~.,-·~_., ;':""-I~~~;..r;+-'~q·r; ~-- - -r·l- . - -j .... li.- --_._-- ............... -- .-. ......... 1·r--- '-r---. -, .. -:-1 ! - I 'I:· .. · I - --...:c.:..-" - .. ..,. .. "1-; ... _ .• l'--r-

:i~:-'~jf~tr~~: 1~~(~!~-tI~~n~Ip~r;~f=5~' .. :. =-. c J~ =. ;;~' .. <l}~Wl_~/jf;'~~; 1Y; r- ., .... ~ ... : .. i., .-:. '-,- ;:-:.1":::.-[-:-.- ,'. L·; j-: -li-,~ J. ~~:~.~~:-, ,,~~~'-~-'" .-, ~~~~-

linieuxl

.ne 5th, 1984

CORPORATION OF AMERICA 7700 N. Kendall Drive - Suite 303 Miami. Florida 33156 Telephone: (305) 595-1144 Telex: 80-8425

le University of Arizona tical Sciences Center ~son, Arizona 85721

tn: Mr. Douglas W. Ricks : Zoom Lens for Space Mission

.ar Sir:

ORIGiIN~l fP~G\'EY~ OF !POOR QUA;l~n

:ter consulting with our factory in France in regards to your letter : May 22nd, we would like to propose the following lens.

,om 10x18 T2 lens which would cover the 21.4 mm format but back Ical length will be 50 mm. To r'each 90 mm back focal length, we .,.be using a 10x40 Tl Zoom F /1.5.' In this condition, the exact

> ocal distance would be 87.7 mm and the format 40 mm. Is this ::ceptable?

~ find that 18.6 x 18.6 mm is excessive in vidicon tubes.

lease advise us with reference to the above. Thank you for your 1terest in Angenieux optics.

i.ncerely,

)seph A. Martinez Lce President

\M: drl

• 56

--~i

• APPEIIDIX D

PRELIKlBAIY REFRACTIVE DESICB

•

PRECEDING £AGE BLANK NOT FILMED

• 58

• • • =·~<::i T, PE 2 ..

f,i-=1'3 I C LEnS [IH T H '3URF RD TH t1E[J I UI1 Rtf DF

0 0.000000 0.100(100E 12 AlP

1 45.14028~ 4.283954 SCHOTT SV16 1.620.:111 -0.057 -, -37.669434 2 . .:1':'0121 HIP c

3 -29.271128 0.673914 SCHOTT -::,F2 I.E476:39 8. :370 4 84.446780 5. E78E,'38 AIR

c: =:6.291188 3.83236'3 SCHOTT 51'16 1 .620411 -0.057 .J

6 -360.673864 31.987545 AIR

7 11.473718 0.632647 SCHOTT SL16 1.620411 -0.057 I.JI 8 3.262.:179 0.008024 AIR \0

9 3.337721 1. 150'309 SCHuT T O:;F2 1.647689 0.870 10 5.672495 0.67328;::: AlP

11 -12.20'3494 1.331681 9':HOTT ~,I 16 1.620411 -0.057 12 207.674109 4.474065 AIR

13 10.4247'::,8 1.973770 SCHI)TT SI.lt. 1.620~11 -0.057 14 -6.9233-13 1.245396 AIR

15 -4.51'5431 0.500000 SCHOTT SF2 1.647689 0.870 16 13.814128 1. ·108239 AIR

17 8.034839 2.000000 SCHOTT SLI6 1.620411 -0.057 18 -13.730680 3.715300 AIR

19 -3.269180 0.500289 SCHOTT 51<16 1.620411 -0.057

0' o

• • 19 -3.269180 0.500289 SCHOTT SI'16 20 1.685510 0.689543 AIR

21 -21.562267 0.546426 SCHOTT SF2 22 -11.652065 0.533502 AIR

23 et.3988b0 0.500000 SCHOTT 5116 24 -'3.33'3125 '3.000000 AIk' -,I:' L....-..J 0.000000 0.000000 AIR

REFRA(T IVE HlDICES

SURF til 112 N3 114 1 1.620411 1.b38527 1.608929 1.000000 3 1.647689 1.684065 1.628939 1.000000 L 1.620411 1.638527 1.608929 1.000000 J

7 1. 620411 1.638527 1.608929 1.000000 9 1.647689 1.684065 1.628939 1.000000

11 1. 620411 1.638527 1.608929 1.000000 13 1. 620-11 1 1 . 6·38~·27 1.608929 1.000000 1 S· 1 . ':',4 i 6:3'3 1.684065 1.628939 1.000000 17 1. 620-H 1 1. b-38527 1.608929 1.000000 19 1.620411 1. b -38527 1.608929 1.000000 21 1. 6et 768'3 1.68406::· 1.628939 1.000000 23 1.620411 1.638527 1.608929 1.000000

CC AND ASPHERIC DATA

SURF CC 2 2.95328E-Ol 8 -6.73870E-02

13 -3.50.168E-Ol

AD AE

• 1.620411 -0.057

1.647689 0.870

1.620411 -0.057

115 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.0(10000 1.000000 1.(100000 1.000000 1.000000

AF HG

0'> ......

• 1':1 -1.03876E 01

PEF OBI HT 0.657999E 09 I

EFL 199.0144

0.38 DG)

BF '3.0000

LEIIS IS CUPPEllll'i' III eFG 1

AL TERtlATE COIIF I ';URAT 1')11':'

PARAt'IETEF' ':,UPF

eFG 2: ':;A'r' 1 PUC," 11 P-' . I '.-

- I 1 TH 12 TH 1 ,-,

(J

TH b

eFG 3: 1

PUC,' 0 P,= '{ 1 TH 12 TH 18 TH t.

CFG 4: SA,' 1 PUC,' 0

• PEF AP HT

2.03541

F/tlBR 7.96

CURRENT VALUE

7.000000 0.011743 0.000000 5.696891

11.874881 22.585569

3.937500 0.020876 0.000000

11.661 :'89 11.3'36253 17. 1000_ 1

2.250000 0.036533

OBJ SURF PEF SUF'F IMG SURF 11 13 25

LErIGTH 69.9996

GIH 1.3124

•

C1\ N

• (FG 4:

eFG 5:

';H'( PUC,\' PC'( TH TH TH

'3A'I' PlY'" PCI' TH TH TH

I,IAVL liSP 1,IAVELHIGTH SPECTRAL 1,IT

1 ()

1 12 18

6

1 o 1

12 18

6

1 0.58756

1.0000

APERTURE STOP AT SURF 13

LENS UNITS ARE eM

EVALUAT I Ot~ H(I[lE I S FOCAL

COtlTROL UAVELEtiG TH IS 1

2.250000 0.036533 0.000000

18.610517 10.17'3426 11 . 3683'39

1.250000 O.0t.589~

0.000000 27.4673013

9.024772 3.666300

2 0.40000

1.0000

•

3 1.130000

1.0000

PRIMARY CHROMATIC WAVELENGTHS ARE 2 - 3

SECONDARY CHROMATIC WAVELENGTHS ARE 2 - 1

.:I 0.00000

1.0000

c .J

0.013000 1.0000

•

• a.. 0 .., ." . ., I--

I--a:: z: 0 ~

I--a: a:::

~ :=J

~ (,!J

~I ( J

~

L....

;J ~I:l It) z: 0

( ") (.J

() I I ~. .J

,..., 1: 1:

~ ~ ~ C\J --,

• ! . .,' J: I--(.!)

z: W ....J

....J a: (-!

I' 0 L....

I--U1 W (,!J z: 0 ....J

, r "

+ (J'l

.... '

~ U -I--Il..

<;-~ 0

31 gl ~1 ~1 w >

.:> .....

[~ 0 <:t .::J I--

( ) t:I t:I o:::t o:::t U

~-." .. L~· LJ1 LIl a:

a::: L.... w

I a:.

• 63

•

•

•

r' I

-"""1""""---4-----

I -------i--_ ..... -.... -~,'

---_.--

\::>L~~·~-------'- o-f ~_+_.....J------~-----:::..-"

64

:I: l-I.!) z: W .....J

.....J a: u

~l 0 '-'-I-rJ1 W I~

::::: .:,. .-J

•

/

• z: 0 ..... ~ a: a:: =:l (.!J ..... L.... z: 0 r..J

:::r: ~ (.!J z: W .-J

...J cr r..J 0 L....

~ I-(J1

W ~ a::: Q :l: In

• 65

•

•

•

\ 1 \

1,.1

.,.

-"

, ", .. "

, '" "

Q Q ""T

:I: I-(~

z: L..J .....J

.....J a:: '-' 0 ~

= z:: 0 0 c::J "J

(J"J r~ ...... I-a.. 0

L..J > -I-(-1 a:: et: ~ W 0:.

1)1 I-0

"1.1 .....J a..

L.J a.. :> ,....

'I s: ~

8 N :,-

'J: et:

66

•

•

•

;"·f··'-',I ,I ,

I,

,~ 1\

I r' .' -

\i~

I;'

67

l .. ·

\i ~

~".' I

1,1

~

'\J UJ CI. >-,... s: 8 N

,...)

U1 ... W ...J a: (...)

U1

~

o ...J a..

-

(fJ

'-' ...... ~

0... '-:)

W :> ...... ~ , I -'J: LI:. L.... L..J u..:

•

• ,- A:.

I ,..

) "I ..J

'1

a:::

~ ta a::: 11"1

~

..J

~ <:I Q ~ 0

,-, .~ Q

,,". '-' .. 1.:'J

S ':: ~ ~ .~ .-~ f-

~~ ,~ ,~

./ ::-":.:.,

•

,- - .. .•. ~.

'/ ~

r:: I

'I ~ )

1

S

,.'

,:,' .~ .. :; .... ,

68

'=' ,::. Q I;~ •• ~ ':.4

,~ Ji !:.'

'tI W ~ ~

~

~

8 r'.

lI)

W -l cr: I...)

U)

rJ"] , I -...... I-a.. -~

W :> -I-'-" -1: fr: b .. W CL

\

69

I, '

1'1

--l:::::: '~.I r'l r '.I r'J r.J r".! r,) r,.) r'l) r<1 r·) ~ .......................... ~ ........ 1--1" ........ ~ ." I I ,., 1 CI 1,(1 CO -~ cr, 1 • .I'l .L;;. tJ.:' r,-, >- C, 'J:' 0:' -,J cn C'1 .!.;. LL' ru >- C, 1.(' 0:, - .. J cr, 1 .• '1 .L... LL' r ,-' ..... 0 "D 11 .. ~

f'T1 ..:; , -u OQQQQQOOQOOOQCOQOOQOQQQOOQOOOOQ0f'T1~

~ 1-'

OOOQOQQOOOQQOQQOCQQQQQOQOCOQQO-

o 1::1 0 r'J Q >- .... 0 C' 0- 0 r·-, C' .............. G) - C, C, 0, C' ,_,_, CI - r,-, c, 0 ,_,-, is' Q .:5 - J - J C' (.1'1 r,-, r,.! C:;I (.1'1 .L;;. cr, 'J:' -.. J CO .... cr, c, cu '_L.' ' . .I'l CO A >- r' . .1 U_' ,:r, -,J .... r,.J W.1 J::. CS:' C" OJ r'J J- -"J \.D Q J::. rLJ - CO 0:' A G:' C'1 C:;, C'1 G:I >- .... rL) .!.;. -',J 'J1 -',J r, . .! ee, .... -J .... r\.l c::. "'T1

(..I..l ':.' t:;1 1-1

C C"' Lli

~ ~ ...... ~~ ~ .............. ~ ~~ ...... ~

1 co 1 co 1 1 1 CO W 1 1 co co 1 1 W 1 W co 1 co 1 1 co 0:, 1 1 CO ""(1 OOOOOQOQOQOQOOOOOQQQQCOOQOOOQQOI

:1:) o QOQC,G:, G:' C, C' CI C' C, 0 1 C' 0' C, C, 0 C, C' C, C' 01 0' C' C' 0' C' 0 Q Q

'AJLn~n() ~OOdJ !:l10 o.~B. OO\li7dl 'WM-5i~O

.....

• "

11",

• '--I,

•

• APPJUIDU E

PRELIMINARY CATADIOPTRIC DESIGN

•

• 70 .

-...J I-'

• • :iI;;PljP :=: :'!'1 I.JITH FIEL[' FUiTTEllER

B!=r3IC LEII; [lATA ';UPF P[I TH f'IE [J I Uf'f

HIR CI 0.000000 0.100000E 12

1 9'31'3. 116000 c - =:'32·~. 6C1269~

3

.:l

c: 6

"7 f

8

9 10

11 12

13 14

15 1 t,

17 18

-'30.411:'66

C:"7 t=,QCI562 - _! I • __ _

10.669782 47.410182

136.672961 -1--1.01077:'

-7. '3317'37 -11.157716

9.910903 -80.350031

-'3.022872 6.972849

8.382768 -9.188521

12.414S8.:t -12.376881

0.840201 2'3.979709

-2'3.97'370'3

29. '379709

0.799447 12.039217

0.735270 0.200286

0.3355'33 0.000000

SCHOTT BV7 AlP

PEFL

PEFL

'3(HC)TT LAI<8 AlP

SCHOTT SI16 AIR

'3CHOTT '3F 4 AIR

13. 947291 ~,(HOTT LAI'3 0.123377 AIR

0.337031 SCHOTT F2 0.100838 AIR

0.605227 SCHOTT LAV8 22.225798 AIR

0.416382 SCHOTT LAK8 0.057877 AIR

Pfl [IF

1 . ':·1 t·:300 0.311

1 . 7 13IJO~: -0.006

1.620411 -0.025

1.75:'201 0.981

1.69100~: -0.000

1 .620041 0.935

1.713083 -0.006

1.713003 -0.006

•

00 ~:o 't; ~ <"'3

-:2 Oll> ~F

r'O~ C~ l>'@ t: 16']

~~d

-...J N

• 1':;1 - 1 3 . 3 1 :3 'j 80 20 8.8:38'j44

21 -2.8'35609 -, -,

0.000000

23 0.000000

PEFRHCTI\/E III[II(E'=,

'3URF 1

.C:: 7 I

9 11 13 15 17 1'3 21

111 1.516800 1.713003 1.620411 1.755201 1.691003 1.620041 1.713003 1.713003 1.548141 1.548141

• 0.256452 SCHOTT LLFI 8.7(10000 HIR

0.300000 SCHOTT LLF1 0.000000 HIR

0.000000 AlP

lIZ 1.526685 1.729437 1.633122 1.791202 1.706673 1.642015 1.729437 1.729437 1.563323 1.563323

113 1.51289.:1 1.706678 l.t,15479 1.742997 1.684977 1.612268 1.70667B 1.706678 1.542563 1.5..::12563

11-1 1 . ~ 2 2 .~; ~~ 7 1.722220 1 . .:. 2 7 c c.::- .-. - -' -".=. 1.774680 1.69979-1 1.632083 1.722220 1.722220 1.556546 1.556546

ll. AND ASPHER I C DATA

SURF CC -b. 350·:11 E 04

3 -5. 162b-lE-01 -I 1.51502E 00

17 -1. 1859..jE 00

A[J

CLEAR APERTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

HE AF

1.548141

1.5...J81--11

115 1.51..::1323 1.708975 1. t.17273 1.7472 137 1.687163 1.615033 1.708975 1.708975 1.544566 1.544566

0.973

0.973

AG

OC 'TI;JO \JGJ Oz OJ;:> Al r" 0"\.1 C't<> ",(;) C~ =U =.' ~ is0

•

" I..V

• ~UPF T'IPE

2 • OB) CIRCLE 3 iOB) CIRCLE 4 CIRCLE L CIRCLE -' .; CIRCLE

PI':VUP';

'3URF rr'PE J 3 TH --:'

L-

.:1 TH -, L-

REF OBJ HT -0.657597E 09 l

EFL -196.1110

• (A\' CAl.

4.3500 3.4::£1£1 4.3500 3.4500 3.4500

H B -1.0000 0.000000

1.0000 0.000000

0.38 DG) REF AP HT

12.43083 OBJ '::;UFF

o

BF 0.0000

F"t-IBR -7.84

LEHGTH 7'3.0000

LUIS IS CURREtHL '( Itl eFG 1

HL TERtlATE CI)tIF I GURHT IOtlS

PARAt'lETER ';URF CURREtH VALUE

eFG 2: SHY 1 7.:380'100 PUC..- 0 0.011743 pe( 1 0.800000 TH b 4.726286 TH 10 14.380409 TH 16 15.158346

FEF '::,URF :' -'

GIH -1.3152

HIG '3URF 23

'.

-...J

"'"

• eFG 3:

CFG .:1:

SH'( PUC( PCi TH TH TH

'=.H'--.-' PUC'I' P, 1- ':~'

- I

TH TH TH

I,IA\!L IIBR 1,IA\I'ELEtV; TH '3PECTRAL In

1

1 0 1 b

10 1t.

1 (I

1 t,

10 16

0.SE:7S6 1.0000

APERTURE STOP AT SURF 3

LEt'IS UII I T5 ARE Ul

EVALUATION MODE IS FOCAL

CI)tHPOL 1,IAVELEtIGTH IS 1

5.680000 0.020876 0.000000 8.24'3708

18.300768 7.71.:1~25

4.7:30000 D. [I ~:t.5 ::3 0.000000

27.49'3.:107 4.767b07 1.9'38033

-, ~ . ....

0.435B4 1.0000

•

:3 0.70652

1.0000

PRIMARY CHROMATIC WAVELENGTHS ARE 2 - 3

SECONDARY CHROMATIC WAVELENGTHS ARE 2 - 1

.:j

0.48613 1.0000

c: j

O -C--?~ .. bJb ..... (

1.0000

•

•

a.. 0 ~

~ rJ:

z: 0 !-< ~ .::! a::: :=l (!) ...... L... ..... -0 U • ::I: ~ r.!) Z W ....J

,,,,-- .".~ ...... - - ....J a:: (.J 0 L...

z: "-

I::l 0 I::J r·J

z: 0 0 r·.,J

r.J -81 ~I 8[ ~I

a::: ~

.-:>

~ .':) a..

g ,:, .:> (:J <:l '='

0 <:l 0:0 -U"l '"' '"' -

Co. <I: ~

'"1: '-'

• 75

•

•

• 76

( 1

.:=:.

o o o r·.J

..:... o o r-,j

•

I I I I

I I / ±

0 ..... I

~ i a: a:: ! :::J (..!) ..... • L.... z: 0 (~

.~

~I z:: z:: II

['.. II '.D (Tl

'-'

::I: I-(..!) z: W .-J

-l I cr '_J 1111/ 0 t....

~l ~ \ \ trJ W ~ a:: (= .. ::I:

I tJ1

• 77

•

• ex ~ :;: I.U

~ .,.j 10.. .,. .,.j

~ 10..

: ~ .... :J:

9 N

ex = c:. ~ ::

• 78

z: u

W ......J '.J: U Ul

~ o ....J a..

Z 0 .-. ~

'J: il:. :=J l..9 ..... u... Z 0 (.J

=: ::: 0 ,'::) ,:::I ,"J

•

:;: (-' If) I::J

W -I 'J: U U1

I-• 0 -I c..

I' . , I' z: : , 0 -...I jl' I-

a:: a:: ~ a::: ta r ~ a:: C.!) U"I ....

L...

~ ex z:

~ c: ... 0 Z (-' I.LI

11, i~ , ~ J: Ii '; I III ...I I-

...I L.. (~

~ 1.,1 ..,. z: ...I W :: ~

~ c:> c:o r:> ...J Q Q 0=. L..

i LI Q ;(~~ ~, I;~

~ .,) ... ' ... % ...J

"" '.0 15 .:: ~ ~ 0.:: e .... a:: .-Iv ... I~

::I (..J ':' ':' ... 0

I,. S L... N

'. ( I ex I: III, e I: ~

CI:

I ~ r::l ::: f\J

-< ....

• 79

•

•

I ...J

~ I I

:;: I

~ I "

~ ~

•

ac .... z u.o

~ ~ L... ~ ~

c:> .::.

~ L...

~-. ~-..

~ -=~ ~~

::c ,... .... ::

~

8 N

cr: c::::I cr:

~

80

W ....J a: (.-I U1

~ o ....J CL

z: '=' ...... ~

a: a:: :::J r..!) ...... ~ z: 0 I...J

::I: ~ r,9 z: W ....J

....J a: , -' (~

~

:::::: ::::::

U) .,. '.0

•

• 'I i ,

I

...J It:

~ ~

r 0:: U"1

~ '=: ~

• 81

a:: !:! W

~ ~ l-.

::::::: I....)

W ....J a:: u U1

I­o ....J a..

z: ,::) .... I­a:: 0:: :=I ,-, ..... ~ z: o I_, :J: I­,-, z: W ....J

....J 'J: '-' ,~

u...

r:o .j)

,"

00 N

• ,;UlllETPI': IJTF:

THRGET: FREI')

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 ~.O

5.0 6.0 7.0 B.O 9.0

10.0 11. 0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 ':5.0 26.0 27.0 28.0 29.0 30.0

F·>=dS -0.054000

r'II~1 [I

1.0(10 0.'3'31 (1. '36-1 O. '3213 o. :::::t=.1 [1.7'31 0.712 0.62:3 0.5~3

0.461 0.383 0.314 0.255 0.208 0.174 0.151 0.140 0.139 [1.145 [1.157 0.172 0.188 0.2131 0.210 0.21-1 0.211 0.200 0.182 0.157 0.126 0.091

3C Dr; PHH

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

-0.0 -O.D -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

• ("'- i.:.clluJ T {. <..

I

J-Uf..,)"- l ."",11

t:l ,I "t 1< I S

<..J !' 5 t ~ 1-'1\

(U/I r/''j"t'" t,,-~Il

00 .. "lIlI :;;r:)

~~ °2 O~ ~F"

O'lg ~~ ~@ F L,j~

,~ff1

•

•

•

•

-t J

,I < .... '" .'.J \l.

~ "-.", .:-.,. "- ~

'" ~

• .J

. -.j

. -\. ."" .,.. OR~G~Al PAGE ·U~"

~ "' ~

'1 ...... r

\J

.. , 01: POOR QUALITY

. , '\l

~

~~ {"' .~

~ ~

ISl co co I~' .,. I~'" I)", lSi "\j ,. C, j IT, L.r, l{) I)"·' I:;:' l() [.- M ,)"., ' . .0 I~ "7 .... "7 O"l (T) lO ~ (T) Ln (I I a Q .... C', 1.0 •. ' CO .... '.£1 CI "'1" I)"·, "7 .,., CO ""T I~ C'l u"' [ ... - 0::0 .... 'JJ C'1 I"'j '::I 'JJ -1 "7 OJ ""T i'1 0.. I I I I I ..-4..-4 I",j ("'j '".'j C'"I ...,. ..,. u·"·, '.£1 '.£1 '.£1 '.£1 '.£I [" - [ ... - co IT, l::;:l Q .... _ .... ('.j ",

~') I I I I I I I I I I I I I I '" -1 ............ ___ ..-4

~ I I I I I

~ cr,

I:J u·... '.JJ '.JJ "7 en 1"'"1 .,. CI .,. C '.j '.0 u", 1::;1 C··- .... ['.- I)", '.£0 cr, u·) lSI I··'.j ,~ I.~ L() i'1 r·- O"l O"l i'1 Co lSi t'- Q lSI en co CI .,. __ I]", ':r, IT, lSI I.' \.J '-1"") u·"·, l.(' .,. I"' j CO "7 1::1 ' . .D C" ..-< IJ) ... - ..,. - ,:n (J, ~ =' t::l 1)1 crl (0 1-'1 l.J ~:I L{ I ry 'I (1-1 '-'-I 1-1-1 ~ ~ '-q' J J -r J ,'"I-I I-I~I ('-I I"! J I"', j 1-) j ~ --t --t --t I~ a

~QQQQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQaoao

~ lJJ I~' I~' '.0 ".'.j I)"·, '.£1 -1 .,. lSi u"! u·", I)", .,. 1:':1 I:;' lSi CO u", I)"·, l::;:l "7 ..-4 Cf""1 CO iT1 iT1.i'1 co [".­'x I 1=:;:1 lSi -1 "'j 1-'"' u·, 'D 0:' CI -I ,-,-, U".' 'T, ...,. .... CO I IT, ''''j u", '.£1 [- u"' ".'J C'- ..-4 (.0 .... ['- ""T "7 0.. I I I I I I· 1 __....... -1 -1 __ ' .. '.j C'~I I."'~I .,. .,. 1.0.") u", u··, U") u··) lJ"") .,. .,. (T) (T) l'oJ l"\J l"\J

~... 1 I , 1 I I 1 I I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I .:::a

~ .... co (T'l 'J:! ....... "7 ....... u", 1'1 ..,. 1'1 en ....... co () .. , 1:;::1 r··- co I.~ "7 U"! O"l CD "j 1:;::1 C'- i:;::I ..,. ~ --~ ~ i:;::I CO llJ ..,. u") 'JJ r- 1::1 "'1" Q ['- 1.0., M CI"") I.;J l"'J M ('.j ....... 1::1 co '.0 "7 (T) (T) iT1 "".j N i:;::I CD Lf) ~ 0 ~ CTl CTl co r·- '.0 u·, lJ""., "7 .,. IT! m (T) cn I~ I~ i'1 I.~ I~ CI"") I-"'j I.-"'J rl.J I"'J l'J r'J ".'J ('J r'j ........ lS)

..,. ""~000000000QoaOQOQ000QOQOQOi:;::lOOO u) Q

Q I QQISlQ I:;' '::I 1:=0 ,=, lSI '::I lSi lSi lSi lSi 'SI 1::;1 1::1 1::;1 '::I lSi lSi 1::1 Q 0 'SI '::I '::I 1::;1 I:JQ Q

\... ... '.I' ~ ~ '-' Q

II IQOQQaOOOQOQaOQ0aOOQQaOOOOQQao~~ Il. I I I 1 1 1 I I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I I 1 1 I I I I 1 , I I I

L~ lSI r--- GI .... '.JJ IXI u .. , .,. CIl '.JJ 1::1 .... Q '.D. ' . .0 'JJ C'J 0::0 l::;:l ..,. ['- oJ', o:n IJ") .... (0 L() L() .... r··- i'1

~ I­o

c. Gl OJ l.(1 I:TJ .... I" '.J I~~ "'1" u·", CO I~' I)"·, r·- ' . .£1 C··- ,)"., ,-, J ..,. r· - ':0 co r·- u·", r\J 0"., .,. a '.0 i'1 0 I)". ,=' '::;:1 0', IJ") 1:0 CO [ ... - '.£1 u"' -r '.""I) I') C'j ".'.j C'J ("'J I"\j ,~ I.~ '.~ 1-'-' ,~'1 'T! '.""I) Cf""1 "'.J ' .. 'J '"'J -1 - .... a

-000000000000000000000000000000

\...' I­HWOGlOQOOQ00000000aoooooooooooaoooo Ll:. ~')w I- Ll... Ll... 0 - '"'J ,II '"'T u", '.D r··- co l:r, 0 .... I"·'j (I"") "7 u·", 'JJ r··- 0::0 I)"", 1::1 .... "'J 'T! -r u") '.0 r·- OJ O"l 0 W '"1: ~ _ ................ ..-< .............. -< -; ".'j ';.J '-'.j r\J ""J ".\J ,"J ('IJ r'j ('J i'1 = ...... t :'

l.J I.!I

83

• • • ';[()11ETRIC (JTF: FlJ(US " -0.050.\000

TARGET: o DG 45 DG 90 [JG FPEQ I'II~ID PHH 110D PHA 1'\1)[1 PHA 0.0 1.(1130 0.0 1.000 0.0 1.1300 0.0 1.0 0.978 -0.0 0.949 -0.9 0.'328 -1.3 2.0 0.915 -0.0 0.818 -3.0 o 7"']'""' -5.2 • I L- (

3.0 0.822 -0.0 0.660 -7~4 0.526 -14.1

(c-.. f .... .I;o.Pt"JL )yS/('hl.. I

---l(;,c7() /111.1 fv(~ I /r'-'.I1 I)l . t

~.:. ;A}1 ~ V'

4.0 0.-;-12 -0.0 0.523 - LL 8 O. ::'37 -26.9 5.0 o. t:.02 -0.0 0.425 -20.5 0.::::6 -36.5 6.0 0.:'06 -0.0 IJ.362 -26.5 I] . ':'3 '3 -41.5 7.0 [1.4::4 -0.0 0.326 _ -:..:. "7 1].2t.'3 -46.7 _'L. I

8.0 0.3'32 -0.0 0.314 -]'3. :3 [1.2--11 -53.2 9.0 13.378 -0.0 0.312 -45.0 0.206 -57.4

10.0 0.386 -0.0 0.296 -4'3.4 0.152 -57.1 11.0 0.406 -0.0 0.258 ~5-3. 7 0.0'35 -54.4 12.0 O. <126 -0.0 0.206 -5:3.5 1].066 -5'3.4

00 13.0 0.4::9 -0.0 0.156 -60.8 0.0:3--1 -67.3 "" 14.0 0.436 -0.0 0.116 -S·1.6 0.120 -63.6

15.0 0.415 -0.8 0.096 -23.9 0.131 -54.b 16.0 0.378 -0.0 0.103 c;:,

1]. 100 -42.2 '_' • c.. 17.0 0.329 -0.0 0.106 19.7 0.052 -2~~:. :3 18.0 0.27--1 -0.0 0.091 18. 1 0.025 _~ ""7

_"'. I

19.0 0.219 -0.0 0.08Z -1. 9 0.035 -21. 6 20.0 0.170 -0.0 0.102 -17.0 0.065 _ ::.-::. -"J

LL.L.-

21.0 O. 131 -0.0 0.128 -14.8 0.071 -14.9 22.0 0.104 -0.0 0.143 -6.2 0.034 -13.1 23.0 0.089 -0.0 0.141 -0.<1 0.032 -140.6 2--1.0 0.085 -0.0 0.127 -3.8 B.086 -134.6 25.0 0.089 -0.0 B.117 -18.3 0.115 -115.5 26.0 0.0'39 -0.0 0.119 -35.5 0.116 -96.5 27.13 0.111 -0.0 0.123 -48.3 (L 094 -84.5 28.0 0.12.:1 -0.0 0.122 -56.9 0.060 -86.2 29.0 0.133 -0.0 0.120 -58.9 0.039 -94.4 30.0 0.137 -0.0 0.120 -50.2 0.033 -61. 5

ex> l.Il

• ~t:,=,I1ETRIC 0TF:

THPGET: FPUl 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 --1.0 ,: .. 0 t,.O -;--.0 B.O 9.0

10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 1--1.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 1'3.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 2.:1.0 25.[1 26.0 27.0 28.0 29.0 ::0. ()

F0CUS 0.047900 90 DG

11,:iD PHH 1.000 0.0 0.995 0.0 0.'379 0.0 0.'35.:1 0.0 0.'31'3 0.0 O.B7E. o. :=:27 0.772 0.712 0.6~1 [I. S:3t: 0.~26

0.--166 0.--109 0.356 0.309 0.267 0.232 0.203 1]. 1 ::::0 [1.163 [1.152 O. 1c.l~,

(1.1.:12 0.1-12 [1.1--15 0.1-19 0.154 0.158 D. 162 0.164

0.0 [I. [I

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 [1.0

0.0 U. i.1

0.0 CL 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0

• (~,~ i,,<c/,i/J r,-, (

/ ~l,/<" ( /-i'/I, f/'"

t.-.i/:>' /}/"I

c" ('\"".':.

00 ."il'i Al "\lG> o 2~ 0 6

-~ ~F

o'"@ C~ ~~ F' u,m ~~ ~ J

•

(Xl 0\

• :;UdiETP Ie ')TF:

-:- riP';ET: FPE(J 0.8 1.8 2.8 3.0 .:t.D 5.0 6.0 7.0 E:. [I

9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 1.:1.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.1] 1'3.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.13 28.0 29.0 30.0

F(JI~US

o Of; ('1('[1 FrlH

1 . 000 ~J. 0 0.'3'35 -0.0 I] . '37'3 - I] . 0 0.'354 -0.0 o . '3 1 '3 - .=1 . 0 0.::::76 -0.0 0.::::26 -0.0 0.771 0.711 0.6.:19 O. ~·86 0.523 0.-162 0.40.:1 0.351 1]. ~:03

0.2t,1 0.226 O. 1 '36 0.17.:.1 0.157 0.1-17 0.1.:.11 0.139 0.141 0.1.:15 0.150 0.155 1].160 0.16 .... O. lD5

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0

8.847988

t10D 1.888 0.992 0.967 0.927 0.874 0.80'3 0.736 0.6:·7 0.575 0.-1'34 0.415 0.342 f'\ ';17-u.,-/b

0.218 0.170 0.133 0.106 0.08'3 0.082 0.080 0.082 0.085 0.1387 0.089 0.089 0.088 0.086 0.082 0.078 0.073 0.068

• 45 DG

PHH 0.0 1.2 2.-1 3 .. tl ...J .. E: 6.1

-, .. -.:'

:::: .. t. '3.8

11. 0 12.0

'12.8 13. 1 12. S· 10.7 6.9 0.8

-7.0 -14.8 -20.1 -22.1 -21.1 -18.0 -13.2

...., --. ..... c:. -0.2

'7 .., , . (

16.3 25.9 3b.2 47.2

"1')0 1.000 0.98'3 I] . '3':·5 0.902 0 .. :=:32' 0.751 O. ":,64 CJ.575 0.-1'31 0 . ..:l15 0.:::53 0.:::08 0.2:=:1 0.271 0.274 1] .. 2:35 O. ::00 o .:::I...J 0.:::22 0.:::24 0.317 0.301 0.277 0.2-15 0.20::::: 0.1 .... 0 0.132 0.099 O.l)72 0.055 0.047

90 01; ,PHH

0.0 1.7 3.3 4.9 6.-1

,- .. .-r-' ~ CI .. (

'3 .. 2 I-I .-,

CI .. CI

7.4 4.4

-0.3 -6.1

-11.'3 -16.5 -1'3.::: -2[1.5 -20 . .:1 -19.6 -18.3 -16.7 -15.2 -13.7 -12.4 -11. ..:I -111.9 -11. ..:I -13.5 -18.2 -25.7 -33.6

• c ...... f~d'(.;· t,l'i c..

6 ,t.5 '/1//1' f'ex.:.:I / r: ~i IJ...

ed7 02..

• • • ;EClrit::TP I;: IJTF: FljCUS = 0.0~7300

THPI;ET: o DI; 45 DG '30 [II; FP[l:j '-I(ID PHH l'lt) [! PHH r 11.1[1 PHH 0.0 1.000 0.0 1.000 0.0 1 . 1~IClB 0.0 1.0 B.995 -0.0 0.986 0.7 O. -377 1.0 2.0 0.979 -rl. [I u. '344 1.4 0, '311 2.0 3.0 0.953 -0.0 G. :378 2.3 1]. :311 3.0 -1. [I 1]. '318 -I]. [I 0.7'33 ~:. 2 o. t,:39 4 . ;) 5.0 0.874 -0.0 0.694 .:t.2 0.:'60 .:I.~ 6.13 0.824 -0.0 [1. :'.:3E: 5.4 D ... U8 .:I. t, 7.0 0.768 -1].0 0.482 t,.6 o. ~:3r5 2.t. 8.0 0.708 -0.0 0.3:31 -:0 .-.

( .0 0.25'3 -::::.0 9.0 0.6.:16 -0.0 0.290 E~. f, [1,21t: -12.9

10.0 0.5:33 -0.0 0.212 8.1 CI.211 -24 . .:t 11. u 13.522 -0.0 0.14'3 4.9 0.230 "J---" .-, --.Jc.o Oc 12.0 0.462 -0.0 U.I03 -~.o 0.258 --:;~ ::.

.G:fI ~=v -' I • ~ ex> 1:3.0 1).406 -U.O 0.077 -21.4 0.285 -38.7 "lJGj .....

0.355 -0.0 -42.0 o. ::::00 -38.5 02 14.0 0.072 OJ; 15.0 1).308 -0.0 0.080 C-c- c- 0.301 -37.0 ::OF - _:'--' ...... "'

16.0 0.26:3 -U.O 0.0:39 -61.1 0.287 -34 . .:1 o "'V 17.0 0.234 -0.0 0.095 -62.1 0.261 -30.4 c: ~:,

~ ~J 18.13 0.206 -0.0 0.0'34 -60.5 0.229 -25.0 F ~~-~

19.0 O. 184 -0.0 0.087 -57.0 0.19'3 - ItL 0 :1 ~j 20.0 0.167 -0.0 0.073 -51.3 0.176 -10.3 21.0 rJ. 155 -0.0 0.0:,4 -41.3 G.1t,;: -4.2 22.0 0.14:3 -0.0 0.034 -18.4 0.154 -1.:::: 23.0 0.143 -B.U 0.026 36.8 O.l .. El -4.0 24.0 o. I·E -0.0 0.042 80.3 O.l·-t7 -10.5 25.0 0.142 -U.O 0.065 137.2 0.148 -19.9 26.0 0.142 -0.0 0.087 105.9 0.150 -30.--1 27.0 13.144 -0.13 0.105 111. 8 0.152 -40.5 28.0 13.144 -0.0 0.118 116 .. 3 0.152 -49.4 29.0 0.144 -0.0 0.125 120.2 0.1-1', -56.4 30.0 0.142 -0.0 0.127 123.6 0.136 -61.1

()O ()O

• ~~':':~TPE I:"TF:

~

THP';ET: FPUI

13.0 1.0 2.13 3.13 .t.O 5.0 e, . 0 7.0 t: . [1

'3.0 10.8 11.13 12.0 13.0 14.13 15.13 It..G 17.0 18.8 19.0 20.0 21.0 ":::":::.0 23.0 24.13 ,25. a 26.13 27.0 28.13 29.13 30.13

F~CUS = O.042S00 '30 DG

'-1':'[1 PHi=! 1.0013 0.0 0.'395 -13.13 0.'382 -0.0 CI.96B -0.0 0.'330 -0.0 0.8'33 -0.0 0.B51 CI.804 0.754 0.703 0.651 O.bOO O. :·50 13.502 O . .tS7 0 . .ct15 0.377 0.341 0.308 8.278 0.250 0.224 0.2013 (1.178 0.158 0.139 13.122 0.107 0.094 lL 083 13.0-;'4

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -13.13 -0.13 -0.0 -0.13 -0.0 -13.13 -0.0 -0.0 -0.13 -0.0 -0.13 -0.0 -0.0 -13.0 -13.0 -13.0 -13.0 -0.0 -13.0

0.13 0.0

• (~ 'v I- jh'J.'/U(

I

~ (, t, IJI jJ\ I UL'" / Je'II? Itt

';',( <, ~I 5

00 ."ft 22 "'(jr,) Q':c. 0 4 Ai~ O"lij C:~ ~ ~:, F [fJ"'l

:affi

•

•

00 \0

;E0METPIC 0TF: T~PGET:

FPE(1 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 .:1.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 :3.0 '3.0

10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 1'3.0 20.0 21. 0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 2~.O

28.0 29.0 30.0

r« Ur:,

WID 1.000 0.'396 0. '383 0.963 0.'335 0.903 O. ::::66 Ct ,-, -:J"7 U.OLI

0.786 0.746 0.706 0. t,69 0.633 0.599 0.5t.7 0.537 0.507 0.478 13 . .:149 0.420 0.390 O.3t.O 0.331 0.302 ,-::, :>"7 c: U.L..I .... l

0.250 0.227 0.207 0.191 0.177 0.167

o DG PHI=! 0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0

• 0.042500

45 DG t10D PHA

1.000 0.0 0.988 1.0 0.954 2.0 0.901 2.9 0.833 ::. c· __ '.IJ

0.756 4.4 0.675, 5.0 0.595 c:- .-,

_.'. ~I

0.521 5.4 0.453 5.4 0.394 5.1 0.343 4 7 • I

0.298 4.1 0.258 3.3 0.222 2.1 0.188 0.3 0.157 -:' c--.:.. . " ... /

0.128 -b.b 0.103 -12.6 0.082 -20.6 0.066 -30.2 0.054 -.:/0.::: 0.044 -4'3.7 0.034 -t:::"7 q

_ f • _"

0.023 -bt,. :=: 0.012 -8f.. t, 0.008 -170. 1 0.020 152. :: 0.03.:1 1.J5.~ 0.047 1.:13 . ~~

0.059 1·.J3.~·

• 90 DG

c", !.:.{.{.(.,(ftl· C 11i) [I PHI=! 1.000 0.0 l b b ;1HII t I I. I'

0.981 1.4 .',. ''''"'l, Jt

O. '327 2.8 cJ'lc 0.844 ..:J.0 0.744 --1.'3 0.638 5.4 0.537 5.4 0.44'3 4.6 0.378 :.' ':,

J.L

[1.325 l.0 0.2:3:3 -1. 5 0.263 -4.3 0.246 ~ J

I • -'

0.234 -10.3 0.227 -13.3 0.224 -15.9 O :;.:>c-

• LL-... ,' -17.5 0.228 -17.8 0.2:33 -16.7 0.238 -14.4 0.242 -1l. 3 0.2--13 -:3.1 0.239 -5.2 0.231 -3.1 0.218 -2.0 0.203 -2.1 0.188 -3.3 0.175 -5.3 0.167 -7.5 0.163 -9.4 0.163 -1(L 7

• • - • ;U.J/'lETR I C OTF: Fe! =us = 0.042500

c~ f. .. Ji v( J/,'C

f- ( / /-c'I/~ }I, TAP(;E T: Cl [II; 45 DG 90 DG 3(,~ mil, .., ~.

FPEO /'1('[1 PHA t10D PHA 110D PHA 0.0 1.u00 0.0 1.000 0.0 1.000 0.0 CO{'II'?" 1.0 0.995 -0.0 0.958 0.5 0.922 0.7 2.0 0. '380 -0.0 0.840 0.8 0.714 1.2 3.0 B.956 -0.0 0.668 0.8 0.442 0.8 4.0 O. '325 -O.B 0.472 o. 1 0.185 -2.4 5.0 0.8'30 -0.0 0.284 -2.0 0.021 -:36.1 6.0 0.852 -0.0 0.129 r. -

(1. 094 -163.B -C'. t. 7.0 0.815 -0.0 0.027

L'-' . __ . - .... )D. L..... 0.108 -165.7

8.0 0.778 -0.0 0.057 -158.7 0.080 -15'3.3 9.0 0.745 -0.0 0.084 -170.0 0.050 -130.7

10.0 0.714 -0.0 0.087 -174.0 0.056 -:34.8 11.0 0.687 -0.0 0.075 -173.2 O.OBI -65.5 12.0 0.663 -0.0 0.057 -163.6 0.0'35 -56.7

\0 13.0 0.641 -0.0 0.045 -137.0 0.089 -47.9 0 14.0 0.619 -0.0 0.048 -100.6 0.062 -3~:::.:3 15.0 0.596 -0.0 0.063 -76.7 0.028 12.3 16.0 0.572 -0.0 0.076 -62.5 0.039 98.6 17.0 0.547 -0.0 0.080 -51. 6 0.063 122.3 18.0 0.520 -0.0 0.073 -40.9 0.064 132.1 1'3.0 0.492 -0.0 0.055 --J~ --:. 0.041 136.6 -c. f • .::..

20.0 0.464 -0.0 0.033 -0.8 0.005 108.4 21.0 0.436 -B.0 0.025 61.1 0,028 -27.8 22.0 0.40'3 -0.0 B.040 102.4 0.040· -30.5 23.0 0.384 -0.0 0.054 115.0 0.029 -36.6 24.0 0.362 -0.0 0.059 117.3 0.008 -87.3 25.0 0.3..t2 -0.0 0.054 112.5 0.021 169.9 26.0 0.324 --0.0 0.042 99.2 0.032 154.1 27.0 0.308 -0.0 0.031 72.2. 0.030 141.2 28.0 0.292 -0.0 0.025 27.9 0.020 131. 8 29.0 0.276 -0.0 0.030 -16.8 0.011 170.8 30.0 0.260 -0.0 0.041 -47.9 0.029 -135.5

•

• \

, , I

...J " iI::

~ \,

t3 \

I::

""

':!

1 , i ..J , 1

~ ,\ "

:0:

I!.l c:> Q

% Q 9 II: .. ' ". t- .1(:1 e ...; .... )

'" " \ I \ " , \

" \

"

OR!G~NAii.. PAG~ ~~' OF fOOR QUAUnt:

'<

'"

'. ", " ,

" " ,',

S

1 " "

, I. " ,

'~

r:t Q '\ 9 ~~ 8 I ',-

!:i ':: ~ . :~

.:' " \. "

" ... '.

\, " ... " I,

" \

91

If)

:z: w ....I

I.i.. 0

J: I-,,!!

Z W ....I

~ U

t.rl CJ

W ...J a:: (,.,)

If)

I-0 ...J 0...

co \

t.rl C!'1

" ,

I, rn " (j)

rn "

, rn I-

~ w I-cr LL

, , -:-"=, Q;:

1 L.... '=' , Q I;~ \ \ '.' ~ c·

1;3 tr :.:: 1:1: I-...

0 m ....I

l.W 0...

Q. ;;::::c >-~ a::z: lC L.... 8 OJ r-,j :- r-

cren Q;: r'J