BLACK AMERICASummer-Fall 1965

PURPOSEBlack America is the theoretical journal

of RAM- Revolutionary Action Movement,Black Liberation Front of the U.S .A . .

It's purpose is to bring clarity and givedirection in revolutionary struggle . Tohelpbuild revolutionary nationalist leader-ship .

To present a revolutionary program ofnational liberation and self-determinationfor the African captives en-slaved in theracist United States of America,

To forge a revolutionary unity amongpeoples of African decent and to give a newinternational spirit to Pan-Africanism .

To unite Black America with the Bandungworld (Asia, Africa and. Latin America) .

To fight for the liberation of oppressedpeoples everywhere .

Our message of the Black peoples of theworld : UNITE or PERISH-WE WILL WIN.

A rrcROBERT FRANKLIN WILLIAMS-

chairman-in-Exile of the RevolutionaryAction Movement; Premier of the African-american government-in-exile .CONTENTS

3

The African-american War . . . . . . . . . . .5

Unity, Dedicated. Discipline=, . Descisive . .7

New Philosophy for a New Age9

Statement of Race Terror in the U.S .11

The Relationship of the RevolutionaryAfro-american Movement to theBandung Revolution

1"3

Black Nationalism on the Right16

Destiny of the Afro-american .

BAM & MALCOLA X

Babu's speech in Harlem is probably one ofthe most significant steps ever taken by an Africanrevolutionary toward greater connection between,and understanding of, African revolution and thedeveloping black revolution . Therefore, Babu situ-ating himself in Harlem where his entire audiencewas black, is a gesture that extends both backwardsand forwards in time . It goes back to Garvey and theessential relationship between Drubois' Pan-African-ism as Afro-American's first envisaged it ; its for-ward tendency lies in the fact that the oppressedpeoples (colonial peoples), or what we call the"Bandung" world are beginning to link up inter-nationally, to unite against the white slavemasters .

Babu and Malcolm spoke on the same programthat night . INe feel that Malcolm's assessment of theinternational situation lead him to the correct conclusions : In the international revolution now goingon in the world, that Afro-Americans are an integralpart of that revolution . That we must "international-ize our struggle," gaining strength in the processand uniting with our natural allies - our brothersand sisters in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.This was Malcolm's great theme reiterated againand again in varying situations . Some "civil rites"leaders, James Farmer of CORE, in particular, tryto assert that brother Malcolm was moving closer to.the "mainstream" of the "civil rights" movement.Any such evaluation of Malcolm's political andstrategical thought is hopelessly erroneous. Mal-colm condemned U.S. imperialism in the Congo andVietnam (see section Philosophies and Opinions ofMalcolm X in Afro-World), while often reminding hisblack audiences that millions of Chinese supportedus in our struggle for liberation .

Malcolm gave brother Babu a warm soulfulintroduction . He spoke very briefly about the natureof real revolutionary action and what it meant. Hepraised the Zanzibar revolution as an example ofreal struggle against the forces of imperialism . Hespoke briefly and was more interested in the peopleof .Harlem learning from Babu than hogging the showhimself.

Babu is a revolutionary; as was Malcolm . Andas such both are essentially selfless . Revolutionsdo not grow out of bourgeois competition among thevarious organizations, but instead, out of the im-plied unity and cooperation of the revolutionarygroups . Malcolm knew this . But obviously the whiteruling class and-Us instruments of terror and oppres-sion (F.B.I . and C.I.A.), also knew it .

Editorial Committee

"loop on Paehln' . . Change in gonna come"

1E,A,RkA~AM, ERICM4,

or NATI

ON THE NATURE OF THE LIBERATIONWAR

For five years now the Afroamericanhas been in the streets demanding "Free-dom Now" and singing "We Shall Overcome .What have we overcome ?

We see thatwehaven't achieved freedom yet, After fiveyears of so-called revolution we find we arealmost where we started .

We are still thelast hired and. firstfired, we are still beat-en and shot in the streets . Realizing thiswe must ask ourselves, where do we go ,in1465? With the climax of a race war brew -ingour people must develope a newphiloso-phy for a new age .

But before we can de-velop a new philosophy we mustbecome fa -milar with two basic universal laws : "Knowyour self and knd*your enemy." Ifwe knowour enemy we will win .

WHO ARE OUR ENEMIES AND FRIENDSThe western white man has proven to be

our enemy. He has built his system of cap-italism of slavery of us and continously ex-'loits us after a hundred years of so-calledfreedom .

He constantly attacks our bru-talized and abused nation-Black America .The western white man has the nature of abeast.

He is a slimy, sick sadist and re -presents evil on the earth . We must under-stand he is a sneaky cheat and a unscrupu-lous liar, who hates blackpeople . We mustsee this beast as our enemy.

We must un-derstand that his enemies are ourfriendsandhis friends are our enemies . We there-fore must oppose everything he supportsand support everything he opposes . Ouralliance must be with our bandung bloodbrothers (Asia, Africa and Latin America).Knowing who are our -enemies. and friendswe can begin to develop a new philosophyfor black liberation.

REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM-PHILOSOPHY FOR THE AFROAMERICAN

Black people mustrealize that they areatwar with the white world .

The white manhas distorted. history and everything else tofit his needs to stay in power .

The whiteman is an international white nationalistthinking of the white race, first, foremostand only.

As Mrs . Amy J. Garvey statedin Garveyand Garveyism, "The only groundon which white people are really united israce * neither language, religion, nor po-litical system . . divide them . "(1) In orderfor blackpeople to survive in a white,hos-tile, evil, reactionary world they mustunite to destroy the universal slavemastez-Our philosophy mustbe that no black per -son is free until all black people are free .We mustunite ina universal black libera-tionmovement to strike the universal slave-master at one time, one blow, one war-the war of armageddon.

We must haveone purpose, one aim, one destiny .

Onepurpose meaning-to be free black peoplefrom the universal slavemaster (slang forcapitalistoppression), one aim-to developblack people through struggle to the high-est attainment possible, one destiny-tofollow in the spritof black revolutionariessuch as Gabriel Prosser, Toussaint L'Overture, Demark Vesey, Nat Turner,Sojurner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Fred-erick Douglass, Marcus Garvey, Dr . Du-Bois, Patrice Lumumba, Robert Williams,and. Brother Malcolm, to create a newworld free of colonialism, racism, imper-ialism, exploitation, and national oppres-sion . When we state to free black peoplefrom capitalist oppression it means thedestruction of capitalism .

When we state .to create a new world free of colonialism,racism, imperialism, exploitation and na-

tional oppression, we mean the destructionof the world order ruled by the racist cap-italistandthe establishment of a newworldorder. Once knowing our philosophy-rev-olutionary nationalism-black internation-alism, we must become familar with thehistorical nature of our struggle .

THE HISTORICAL NATURE OF THEAFRICAN-AMERICAN REVOLUTION

"The botigeois revolution of the westwas founded . . . maintained . . . on. . . nation-al and international color injustice ." (2)The nature of capitalist developement andexpansion was developed on the super ex-ploitation of dark skinned peoples . Know-ing this we see that Dr . DuBois"s originalthesis,

"the problem of the 20th centuryisthe problem of the color line" . . . (3) is cor-rect. If we face history realistically, wewill see thatracism is inherent~i capitalistexpansion, especially on the North Amer-ican continent.

As previous revolutions begin to degen-erate and become more reactionary, theworld revolution takes on a more racialcharacter whether we like it or not.

Wesee here in racist America with the whitecommunity becoming more reactionary thenature of the American revolution will bedrawn on racial lines . "During the lasthundred years the great majority of work-ing people in the, exploiting imperialist coun-tries have been cutin on a share of the sur -pluses wrung from the labor of the exploitedraces and therefore have a stake in pre-serving the- sysiemrof exploitation." (4)Therefore the "subproletariat" (exploitedraces) not the proletariat has becomethevanguardof the world revolution .

"To wishfor a world revolution which does notpitcolored against white and which makes noappeals to the pasthistoryand revolutionarysolidarity of the colored peoples is exactlythe same thing as wishing for no revolutionat all." (5)

The historical reality is that the "sub-proletariat", not the proletariat, have cre-ated revolutions, are leaders of the worldrevolution, vanguard and dictator ship of thenew world. The nature of the world revo-lution will be drawn on racial lines bythe

;rery nature of history.

This does notmeanthe world revolution will adopt the capital-ist doctrine of racism but it does mean,that itwillmake appeals to the pasthistoryand revolutionary solidarity of the coloredpeoples of the world.

Upon knowing the na-ture of our struggle we must know the con-ditions that our people live and must knowthe ghetto psychology.

THE PARADOX OF THE AFROAMERICAN

Our people live in a dual existence ; be-ing the super exploited "subproletariat" andas long as we collaborate with the racistU .S . government we are helping to exploitour blood brothers in Africa, Asia andLatin America . We are living in a paradoxbeing the exploited and part of the exploiterat the same time . One of the reasons fora lack of political conciousness among ourpeople is that they can get a Cadillac, a tel -evision set and can think of themselves asdoing good when compared to other oppres-sed peoples .

Though very few can affordthis and often these material gains are sh-ortlived they serve as examples to woo ourpeople to sleep . The contradiction for theAfroamerican is that he thinks he has togive up something toget freedom whereasall other peoples seem to gain somethingandhave nothing to lose . But the Afroamer-ican must learn is that he has nothing tolose but his chains . For isn't it better todie standing on your feet like a man than tolive on.your knees like a pig ?

The contra-diction the African-American must face isthat he must tear down the very society hebuiltbut was not allowed. to participate in. .The African-American mustnow chose be-tween the materialism of the west and thehumanism of the east.

The reason why ourstruggle must become anti-imperialist isbecause the contradictions of our existenceare too great.

The only segment of BlackAmerica that has reacted . positively to thisparadox is black youth . Part of this is dueto the new humanistic ideas of the WorldWarII war generation and the dilemma fac-.ing Afro-youth .

THE DILEMMA OF BLACK YOUTH

Con't on P6 . 12

We are all. BLOOD BROTHERS "

Brothers and sisters,tonight to be able to talk to you and tell yousomething about what is happening in Africa .I know the story of Africa is a very longstory and it will be difficult to compress itin a matter of minutes . . . or hours . . . � , it' sa long, long book which our children willwrite, which your children will write andof which we shall all be proud., The rev-olution in Zanzibar was a serious thing . Itwas very serious because Zanzibar was afeudalist society supported, by an imperial-ist power .

We were ruled by a sultan whohad been ruling the islands and indeed thewhole east coast of Africa .

For two cen-they were responsible for the most hideousslave trade that you ever had .

I have nodoubt that quite a number of our friends,our black brothers in the Americas, musthave come throughthe shores of Zanzibar .I have no doubt at all .

The revolution of Zanzibar is significantbecause it summarizes the whole tragichistory of Africa of double deck suppressionof slavery and colonialism .

This justshowsyouthatas Mao Tse-tung said., "the imperi-listare paper tigers'! ,they reallyare papertigers, In four determined hours we toppledthe .whole oppressive apparatus which ruledthe country for two hundred. years in theform of the sultan himself, which enslaved,the people, exported, the people like cattle .We uprotted the whole machinery of imperi-alismwhich was set up there . . . in four so-lid hours .

If this does not show that theimperialists are "paper tigers" , :I don'tknow what else will show it .

What is needed is unity . Unity and dis-cipline .

Unity and discipline and a 'solid,correct leadership,

Leadership which cannever be bought over . Leadership which

D E D I 0 A T I 0 N

. D I S 0 I P L I N 9

D E 0 1 2 1 V I N 9 8 5

a 7MOHAMMED BA BU

HSAMM/

ARLEM XPgO',, 12I'm really honored

does not think of itself.

Leadership whichcould never be isolated from the people .That is the kind of leadership which helpedus to overthrow this double deck system ofoppression. Wherever there is oppressionthis experience will certainlybe a very use-ful contribution . If it is contributed we sh-all be absolutely satisfied . The revolutionwas plotted for nearly'six months, long be-fore independence ; ew had a fake indepen-dence in December and in a littleless thanone month the independent government wasoverthrown and a government of the peopletook over . But for six months before therevolution people organized it; and not justone or t,*o people . . . hundreds and hundredsof people were involved in it . . . .and. notasqueak.

This is the essence of discipline .Not a squeak came out, and when it happen-ed the entire spy ring of the British and theCIA was upset and cables went back andforth from embassies in Zanzibar askingthem, "how is it that this thing has happen-ed we're spending so many millions of dol-lars to get this news ?" Why is it that thisthing has happened and we did not heara word about it?"

It cost some of the toppeople here their jobs and you know we kn-ow it-some of the top people here have losttheir jobs because of lack of rnformatidn ,about Zanzibar . Their job was to forewarnthe imperialist superstructure about whatwas to happen.

Six or seven hundred people kept a sec-ret in a small country-and you know a smallcountry or a small town is the most difficultplace to keep a secret, because . people-feedon rumors . They've nothing else to doNo cinemas, no television, no football mat-ches, nothing exciting but rumors . Talkabout what the Jones next door have done.

and what they are intending to do . In atown like this, if you are able to keep a sec-ret for six months without a squeek-thishas shattered imperialism ; It shows howlittle they understand of the determinationo¬ the African people today in asserting ;their rights in their own country, w1fateverthe consequences . And our people havebeen killed . . . died. . . they've lost their lives .

But they, lost their lives happily because they were setting up a society-

*hick will be for the interest of their off-springs . And. some of them were youngpeople who were not even married, meregirls and boys lost their lives in order tokeep us free, in order to give us theop=portunity

to build a country in which anyoppres sed man could walk free and feel th-at he's living in a free country.

They lackthis understanding . The imperialists mis-understand us comp ;etely . You hear thethe experts .

They write big books . . . bigreports an the Arican Character , the Es -sence of African Revolution or African Po-st Independence .

Research books, studybooks, well learned books . . . you know withRockefeller foundation money.

They dishout money for scholars to write books a-bout the African mind, African Post Inde-pendence, Africa Pre-independence, Af-rica Between Slavery and. Independence ,Africa Pre-slavery .

They write all sorts. of things to understand our mind

and yetthey don't know it.

They don't know it be-cause they have never made an actual ef-fort to view the world from our point ofview .

They are viewing the world from apaternalistic point of view that they wantus to view the world from, and consequen-tly they miss the whole point. And whenthings happen they get surprised ..amazed.How did it happen?

Today, they are shattered. They thoughtby intervention in the Congo (they have st-ooges all over the place, you know-somebodywill get up with a big . robe and a big stickor one of those things-you know-a big chiefa feudal lord from somewhere-would be br-ought here to defend intervention-to defendcivilization against barbarism .) They th-ought that they would intervene and thenleave the country-clear everything ; massa-cre the lot they wanted to massacre ; clear

the country and then come and. fight theircase in the United Nations . This is whatthey thought. And they thought they could"bamboozle" the entire continent of Africaand it would come back here meekly beggingbecause we want aid therefore we won't beable to challenge the treachery which theimperialists are inflicting on our continent.But they are mistaken again. They thought-going by their experience of what they'vedone to the "banana republic' in South America-they thought they were going to introducethe same pattern in Africa . We told therr4"Brother, you've had it."

This is the continent of the oppressedpeople and when they tell you about oppres-sion they know what they mean.

There isno other continent in this earth that has 9uf -feredtheoppression thatAfricahas suffered.There is no other continent that would serveth'6 worldbetter than Africa . Africa under-stands oppression of human beings . Whenthe spokesman of the imperialist stands upthere in the security council of the UnitedNations condemning Africans of racialismhe thought the whole world would tremble,but instead the world laughs at them . Th-ey know it is a lie . . . a "white" lie . Theyknow that this is not the time when theycould conduct massacres in Africa and coverit up .

They know the whole world wouldknow, and we know it because not everywhite man is evil . . . There are some ofthem who couldn't "stick it" and they'vewritten some very useful documents andthey're piling them up .

Some of the mer-cenaries who wentthere as soilders of for -tune - who never had sympaties with theAfricans, but because_ they got sick ofkilling too much killing . . . men, women andchildren, burning them alive . . . . it was toomuch for them ; and they the Tshombe re-gime and went back to England and wrotestories ; and we've the copies . They cannever hide it!

They tried all sorbs of things !Accusing the Africans of going "backto bar-barism, " etc .

And now they're exposingthemselves ; the native hatredof the Africanwhich they've been trying to cover underthe name of "liberalism :'

They're now ex-posing thenselves at the security council,because the statement that Mr . SpaakofBelgium has made only three days ago re-

Can't on r6 . 17

One of the main reasons why Black Americahas not made sufficient progress toward self deter-mination - as witness other colonial peoples inAfrica, Asia and Latin America-- is due to the totallack of a broad and powerful philosophy which isanchored in the realities of the present age.

Black America, unfortunately, is operating, orsemi-operating on philosophies developed or rootedin the latter part of the nineteenth century, and theearly years of the twentieth century. These twoancient philosophies are "Bourgeois Nationalism"(based upon Marcus Garvey's militant improvisionand implementation of Booker Washington's "selfimprovement" theories for the black masses), and"Bourgeois Reformism" (based on Dr . W.E.B . Du-Bois's opposition to "BookerT.-;ism", and initiatedby the then embryonic NAACP) .

"Bourgeois Reformism" and "BourgeoisNationalism", though dynamic and fertile in theirera, do not meet .the current needs and realities ofblack people trapped within the technological bar-barism of White' American civilization .

The question giving reasons why the blackintelligentsia, and bourgeois leadership has notoverhauled these two philosophies, or invented"new" philosophies geared towards liberating theirpeople . The answer -a tribute to American "educa-tion" and the "'American Way of Life" - is that af-tet, being. "Processed" and channeled through the"freak Factories" known as "Negro Colleges " ,they are only fit for the inferior roles of inferiorpeople produced by these institutions . These mon-strosities (actually glorified high schools) stunt,deform and drain every ounce of creativity out oftheir minds and souls.

On the other hand, the White American col.leges are - in their conformist decadence - gearedtowards producing only one creature : the WhiteAmerican, middle-class male or female, cog for thewheel of imperialism. So, in essence, that's whatour youth who attend these institutions become:White American, middle-class males or females whohappen to be black in complexion and despise them-

N

We will win . .ORY any means nesessary.

AEW Philosophy f4Ws~ NEW A6E

selves and their whole race because o f this fact .So how - I ask you - can one expect any-

thing from people who've been so maimed andtwisted? This . systematic mis-education and aliena-tion has resulted=- for almost half a century - inthe stagnation and castration of original, blackpolitical thought, -and serves as a partial explarnation of why we haven't produced any noteworthypolitical theorists.

I will attempt to examine and analyze bothphilosophies and to explain why they are inade-quate and obsolete in these times, beginning withBOURGEOIS REFORMISM .

Bourgeois Reformism

"Bourgeois Reformism" or Civil Rights, asit's popularly known, is that philosophy whichstates that black people are "second class" citizens, -or citizens -"denied their full rights," and sobeing, have a definite stake within the social &political framework of White American society. Itsadherents feel that these "first class rights andprivileges" can be obtained by legal action in thecourts, and by "direct action" with massive non-violent demonstrations of protest throughout the

country; especially of the racist domain of thesouth.

They rely upon the strategy - advocated andimplemented by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr . - of,appealing to the "conscience" of the White American system . .The movement relies upon the aid andsupport - morally and financially - of the whiteliberal element, i.e . "good white folks", it hasbeen the most highly publicized and dramatized"black" movement in American History. As for itsgeneral effectiveness: it has served to awaken cer-tain segments of Black America - namely certainstudents, Christian congregations and clergymen.it has been able to bring to public light the greatareas of oppression, hopelessness, and degradationsmoldering within White America. It also has ex-posed the latent hypocrisy of the white liberal, .

radical element-The latter is caused by the with-drawal of "liberal" economic support when blackdemonstrations get "out of hand" .

But its overall weaknesses are: 1) the factthat with the exception of the church-people, minis-ters, and a few students, it has no mass support;because non-violence is unacceptable to the jus-tifiably hostile temperaments of the angry, exploitedmasses. 2) in its appeal to the conscience of thesociety, it overlooks the hard facts that White Americais a power-operated system feeding upon human ex-ploitation that functions without a conscience.3) The leaders, -strategists, and adherents fail torecognize power relations within modern societyand, therefore, -spend their energies and resourcesupon such shallow goals as integrated movies, li-braribs,, restaurants, ~ churches, beaches, schools,etc. (although, recently, there have been moves byrebel elements towards fighting for better housingand jobs, using methods of social dislocation anddisruption to achieve these goals. .The New YorkWorld's Hair "stall-in" incident is a good example.4) By depending upon white sympathy and economicaid, the leaders are vulnerable to the whims of thewhite liberals, -and have developed the false atti-tude that blacks are "unable to make real progresswithout white aid or participation."

Also : there are the more recent cases of theseorganizations being "infiltrated" by a "fifth col-umn" o¬ white "radicals" who form blocs withinthe organizations and eventually obtain control ofthe offices and policy-making bodies through in-trigue- and seduction.'. These "radicals" tend toplay a reactionary role - a growing tendency of"of ay" left - by seeking control of the blackmasses; by using them to "hammer" the racistpower structure (the black masses being the mostdynamic force in America today) ; -and by cynically .experimenting with their lives. These "radicals"generally; tend to follow a line of forcing "change"(reform) within the existing structure" ; a kind of"domestic" peaceful co-existence with White Amer-ica. Usually, when indigenous (black) revolution-aries appear and attempt to steer the people in amore militant direction, -these "ofay" radicals be-come reactionary and clash with the indigenousrevolutionaries.' Needless to say, ~ the infiltrationof these "radicals" into "key" positions com-pletely neutralikes any-remaining militancy that thereformist brganizatibn might muster up .

Bourgeois Nationalism"Bourgeois Nationalism", or militant

".Booker T."ism" (self improvement) states that

NEW PHILOSOPHY

black people should . strive to control the areas ofthe black ghettos and communities, substitutingblack-owned businesses and establishments for thewhite-owned businesses. The "radical" wing of"Bourgeois Nationalism" seeks to separate theblack people from White America by either acquiringseparate states within this nation, or being allowedto establish a repatriation program back to Africa,to help develop . it into an economic power, Themore moderate wing seeks to develop black pal-itical power by forming an independent politicalparty within the current structure; thereby electingcongressmen, assemblymen, -and other, officials, tooffice

- responsible to said party. . . . "'BourgeoisNationalism" identifies with the "winds of change"sweeping the African continent, and endeavors tore-educate black people toward the African past byinitiating programs dealing with African history andculture.

As for its general effectiveness: "Bour-geois Nationalism" attempts to move in a positivedirection through its messages of racial pride andracial "self-improvement" . Unfortunately, due toits policy of inversion ("black" capitalism for"white" capitalism), -it does not get to the core ofthe black situation: the question of the eliminationof "exploitation." Unconsciously - relying uponits western values of middle class "scorn" for themasses; - it merely changes their "masters". . .. .."Bourgeois Nationalism" is incapable of makingthe "internal revolution" or "revolution of thepsyche" essential (to all revolutionaries) to de-velop "soul", or the embodiment of the aspirationsand longings of the masses of the people. It alsotends - especially in its "radical" or "separatist"'wing - to develop into exclusive "cliques" sepa-rated from the "grass-roots" (masses) and any milt- .tant action that clashes against the racist powerstructure.

,As time goes by, - "Bourgeois Nationalism"

becomes increasingly conservative - losing itsmilitant stance and potential initiative ; emphasizing "culture" and "economics" instead of politics .To proceed even deeper into this philosophy . is todiscover its childish attitude towards White Amer-ica. Numbered below are some of the faults andcontradictions which seriously mar the effective-ness of this philosophy .

1) .

While

America

who

-

operating . inter-nationally as a wing of Western Imperialism - hasbeen oppressing not only Black America, but threequarters of. mankind, is going to "give" "Bour-geois Nationalists" separate states, is going to

can't on Pi. .10

HAVANA, CUBA -- JUI,Y 23, 1964. Human decency demands that the cavil.ized people of all the world vehemently, condemn racist America's campaign ofgenocide against her citizens of African descent. Imperialist America's traditionof racist terror and violence against colored humanity has become more than jesta natural reaction, emanating from a desire to perpetuate her cast system inherentin the "American way of life", it is now an elaborately contrived plan to system-al:cally exterminate. that portion of American society which is nonwhite. All overracist America defenseless colored women and children are being. savagely gun-nod down for no other crime than having been born black in the so-called "freeworld of representative .democracy." Churches and homes are being bombed,burned to the ground and fired into . In barbaric America, the- land that proposesto bring white supremacy justice to a mull:racial world, by force of arms, theracist government gives aid and comfort to facist terrorists while the blood ofAfioamericetna, begging for police protection, flows -through the streets.

Afroamer~cans have long pleaded to President Johnson for protection fromracist terrorists to no avail. The President has responded to the pitiful cries ofmercy by championing the rights of the oppressor to be secure in his acts of brutaloppression . He has ordered the press to suppress and conceal facts of the truenature and the vast extent to which terror and death are being visited upon blackAmericans . He has ordered the racist and reactionary federal Bureau of Investiga-tion to ruthlessly crush 'the feeble Negro self-defense elements in order to renderAfroamer:cans more susceptible to extermination. He has ordered an investigationof those desperately struggling for human rights instead of those fascist elementsthat have sworn to eliminate black people from the American scene. PresidentJohnson has ordered the Negro-hating F.B .I . to take ruthloSs action against theperennial victims of terror and oppression rather than against those who havelong practiced it in the name of Christian white supremacy.

Jesse B. Stoner, national Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan .and vice-presi-dential candidate of the National States Rights Party, is openly campaigning for"the

Christian white people of America" to

"eliminate' African savages fromAmerica." These rightist forces have sworn to make America a white only country.They have already openly formed fascist armies armed with machine guns, lightar4lleery, bombs and other light weapons of modern warfare currently used bythe U.S . Armed Forces. Local police forces and National Guard units are workinghand in hand with terrorist groups . Racist judges and their courts are racist instru-ments of the Ku Klux Klan . Black freedom f ghfers are helpless in legally 'defend-ing themselves in these kangaroo courts serving as the legal arm of terror=st groups .

White supported and Government approved Negro leaders are being forcedto denounce outside support as possible interference in America's internal affairs.These Negro mercenaries are ,being ordered to proclaim themselves impartial andobjective while proposing to lead a partisan struggle . The racist slaughter of help-less black Americans in America is as much the affair of the civilized worldas South Africa and Portugal. America has no special writ from God to be exemptfrom norms of civilized conduct and international law. The U.S .A . stands arrogantly:n contempt and violation of the Human Rights Charter of the United Nations.It is time for justminded peoples of the world to brand her as a barbaric, un-civilized, outlaw nation.

As exiled leader of the Revolutionary Action Movement, I beseech the decentand civilized peoples o¬ the world to support the Afro-American in has desperate'struggle for survival . We ask for support from all the civilized world in our.just struggle for human rights, in America, and when possible, we ask that moral

t

support be supplemented' by more tangible aid. The preSent situation is so des-perate that armed self-deense is becoming mandatory, if our savagely bessigedpeople are to survive, we also need finantial and arms aid. We call upon alldecent minded peoples to aid us through those who will soon be personallysolicitng aid abroad .

Robert I' . William, Exiled leader ofThe Revolutionary Action Movement

AND STATEMENT 011 RACE' TERROR -IN USA

"allow" them to return ro Africa (which WesternImperialism is exploiting for all it is worth), to stir

up trouble for the West and its lackeys!

Since White America operates internationallyas a wing of Western Imperialism oppressing theBandung or non-white world, Black America's free-

dom struggle now becomes a part of the world

struggle against the "universal Slavemaster",Western Imperialism . Therefore political organiza-tions operating within this structure are in the longrun, inadequate (except as organs of mass-educa-tion through struggle for immediate gains ; at best atemporary solution) - because in order for BlackAmerica, Africa, Asia and Latin 'America to obtainuniversal self-determination : the present economicand political structure of White America - citadel

of Western Imperialism must be totally changed .

.2) . "Bourgeois Nationalism's inversion of

community control leads to the "capitalist out-

look", i.e . exploitation - economic and political

along with the attitude of businessmen (profits be-

fore loyalty), and materialistic hedonism which is

rampant in the West. As to the idea of black con-

gressmen, assemblymen, and other officials : to re-iterate : this is at best a temporary solution . The

main power within the structure will still be wield-

ed by whites: furthermore, White America lives by

the "law" which states that "might makes right"

Even if we elect these officials, they can be neu-

tralized by the armed might of white military forces

within the country (as witness Reconstructiontimes after the Civil War) . What Black America

needs in the long run, is not black businessmen,

congressmen, or bourgeois leaders and officials,

but militant, revolutionary leadership rooted in the

masses of the people, articulating and implementingtheir highest aspirations .

A New Philosophy

The new philosophy is "Revolutionary BlackNationalism", or more specifically, "RevolutionaryBlack Internationalism" . It states that the world isdivided by two nationalisms : "white" and "black" .

"White" nationalism dealing with the 'Europe tLn ;orWestern nations with their policies of coloniansm,Capitalism, White Supremacy, or racism which hasled to the oppression - economic and political --

of three quarters of mankind : i.e. the "black" or

red, yellow and brown peoples .(Russia and her eastern European supporters

are drifting closer and closer to the West i- theirideological war with China. In following the strate-

NEW PHILOSOPHYgy of "peaceful co-existence", - they neglect .thecolonial revolutions - championed by China -which rock the "co-existence' boat ; and emphasizethe building of socialist societies, into propagandashowplaces of "peaceful" competition).

So we see, from this description, thatblack and white "nationalism ' 1 is reallyinternationalism .

" Revolutionary BlackInternationalism " also refutes the "Bour-geois Reformist" theory that Black Ameri-cans are "citizens denied their rights" . Itgoes on to state that Black Americans arecolonial ]2eople , and that the United Statescontains two distinct nations :White America-citadel of Western Imperialism - and thecaptive nation, colonial Black America .It states that White America following theEuropean colonization of Africa -also de-veloped its colony - internally - within theslave - holding south instead of the Africanhomeland. Thus began Black America' sfreedom struggle ; lasting more than three,hundred years .

Black America's fight for self-determinationis tied up with the colonial revolutions of Africa,Asia and Latin America, Thus, we are involved ina new age, an age of Universal or Planetary Revo-lution : three quarters of mankind against the Uni-versal Slave-master ; and the blazing voice of"Revolutionary Black Internationalism" marksBlack America's entry upon the revolutionary stageof history - linking up with her colonial brothers .Furthermore : as an oppressed, colonial nation,

Black America is justified in using every methodthat other peoples use to obtain self-determination. . ...In so doing, "Revolutionary Black Internation-alism" repudiates the narrow, cowardly, . latentlymasochistic philosophy of non-violence in the faceof racist terrorism carried on by sadistic beasts.

Though approving of, and advocating racialpride and racial elevation, "Revolutionary BlackInternationalism" repudiates the outmoded and contradictory philosophy of "Bourgeois Nationalism"by-totally rejecting Western Capitalism and its . sickvalues in favor of the humane principles of Pan-African or "Bandung" socialism with its inherentphilosophy of class destruction and peoples dem-ocracy (true democracy ; rule by and for the peoplethrough their able revolutionary parties and leader-ship) ; and also rejects . the clique of "separatism"(from militant action by the black'masses) by total"locking with" the oppressor's racist system inevery feasible way.

10 Con't on ?g. 20

THE RIELATIONSHIP ,APREVOLUTIONARY AFRO-AMERICAN MOVEMENT TO- THE

"The Black Revolution's Relationship to theBandung World" was the point of ideological depar-ture for the second Afro-American Student Movement(ASM) Conference . This conference preoccupied it-self with . the consolidation' of eAsting revolutionaryAfro-American Youth potentialities and the develop-ment of a revolutionary Black Youth Movement, indepth, that can initiate and sustain revolutionary .action .

The nature and essence of the RevolutionaryAfro-American Movement's ideology was delineatedby veteran Black Revolutionists. In these presenta-tions, the anti-imperialist rather than bourgeoisreformist character of the Black American's strugglevas emphasized .The goal of the Black American Revolution is thebiternational eradication of "Yanqui" (U.S. &NATO) imperialism, not integration within this de-cadent imperialist framework . Therefore these Afro-American radicals denounced neutralism in the bi-polar struggle between capitalist and, socialistforces, and demanded global polarization of anti-imperialists and capitalist imperialism . They as-serted that the Afro-American revolutionists have avanguard role in this historic task, by virtue oftheif unique four hundred year endurance of "Char-lie's inhumanism" and their strategic domesticbondage within his "belly"

The critical problems confronting the AfricanRevolution, especially the Congo, and Asia andLatin America were analyzed. The hypocriticalstance of bourgeois African nationalist leaders whovia neutralism have abandoned anti-imperialistAfrican revolutionists such as the Congolese underGbenye, was condemned. The lack of an -uncom-promising commitment to anti-imperialism has rele-gated the Organization for African Ututy to thestatus of a medium for "neocolonial subversion"of the African people's free,;,-m: Thus genui1nerevolutionists are forced to align thems&ves withChina. China, ^Cuba and Zanzibar comprise thevanguard of the Bandung Revolution now pervasivein the non-Western World, North Vietnam, Indonesia,and Algeria are also responding positively to thesebi-polar conflicts . The Revolutionary Afro-AmericanMovement pledges solidarity with the BandungRevolution and ,regards itself as the North AmericanVanguard of this "emerging World of the Future."

BANDUNG REVOLUTION

The second ASM conference defined the goal of theBandung Revolution as the eradication of "Yanqui"inhuman imperialism and the establishment of a newworld -based on the humane socialist values of"Bandung Humanism," the humane aspirations ofthe Bandung Revolution .

"Pandung Humanism" constitutes a revolu-tionary revision of Western or traditional Marxism torelate revolutionary ideology adequately to the unprecedented political, socio-economic, technolo-gical, psycho-cultural developments occurring inthe post World War II era. The failure of Marxism to .revolutionize Western Europe and the United State,especially in the depression era of the 'thirties, hasforced committed Afro-American revolutionists toformulate "Bandung Humanism" or RevolutionaryBlack Internationalism . This ideology was initiallyproclaimed at the first or May conference of theAfro-American Student Movement. "Bandung Hu-manism" envisions a "dialectical eschatology" orapocalyptic culmination of the conflict between theinhuman "Yanqui" imperialist thesis and the anti-imperialist humanist Bandung antithesis . The hu-manist synthesis of this dialectical "Armageddon"is a socialist "classless" world democracy pre-dicated upon the total demise of "Man's inhumanityto . Man" in terms of war, socio-economic exploita-tion, and moral decadence and psychosis .

The Afro-American corollary to this "dialec-tical eschatology" is that the historic destiny ofAfro-America has, through its four hundred yeartravail, created the socio-economic, cultural founda-tions of the dominant imperialist thesis and as a re-suk of "Charlie's" inhuman oppression becomesinternal humanist anti-thesis, the "Samson" of thedecadent "Yanqui" imperialist social order and the"David" of the humanistic Bandung World or Syn-thesis of the Future . `This prophetic mission is im-plicit in the Afro-American music of modernistssuch as Bird, Miles, 'Trane, etc. The task of theRevolutionary Afro-American Movement is to ex-press via political action the dynamism embodied inAfro-American music. The invincible optimism mani-fest in the second Afro-American Student MovementConference is evident in its adoption of the mottoof the Cuban Revolutioe:

Venceremosli (We Will Winll)

"The automation revolution in Americanindustry is . . . "fast" . . . sweeping away theeconomic gains of Negroes made during twoworld wars . "(6)

The segment of the blackcommunity that is affected by this the mostis black working class youth .

The Afro-american World War II war baby generationis faced with a new dilemma . They arefaced with the fact that this system so high-ly developed no longer needs them . Theparadox the Afroamerican must face is thathe built this country off his sweat, blood,slave and semi-slave labor only to be com-pletely shut out of it (the society) when hewas bestprepared to be assimilated in it. .This contradiction polarizes forblackyouthsince theyare the generation thatwouldhaveemergedas the assimilatedpetty bourgeoi-sie of the Afroamerican . But since Americais both a racist caste and class society thisis impossible . Black youth are now facedwith nowhere to go but to the streets . Blackyouth are being forced by this society intobecoming an unemployed mobile force in thewake of economic stability for white Amer-icans .

Due to the tighting of the automa-tized clamp Afro-youth have no alternativebut to revolt. The questionmay arise, "Nowthat we know this, what about unity amongour people? "UNITE OR PERISH THE ALTERNATIVEFOR BLACK AMERICA

The population in the U .S . will unifyout of necessity. This necessity will bebrought about both.!from inside and outsideof its ranks . As the struggle becomes moreintense, a Mau-Mau of apolitical form willprobably have political ambitions which thehouse niggers, (uncle toms) and the publicracist will be unable to fulfill . It will pro-bably assassinate racist leaders and houseniggers who don'tfollow its line . The cryin the black community will be "Liberationor Death t"

Oti the other hand the greaterthe black community struggles, the uncon.trollable ultra right (John Birch Society,KKK, Nazi's, etc . ) and the controlled right(CIA, FBI, Secret Servive, etc .) will stepup their programs of black extermination .The black community will unite for humansurvival _or perish .

The question most ofus get hung up on is, "Can we win?"

CAN WE WIN

Yes, we can win .

In the fall 1964 is sueof Black America in the article, "We canivin", it described how we will win. Wewill win because our struggle is just, andbecause our forces will have superior wills,minds, armies, strategy and tactics . His -torywil.l absolve us and dissolve the enemy.Just because our analysis defies the "holytrinity" of the ofay left,

does not doom usto defeat, extermination or hell.

The onlyabsolute we know is change and change wewill . . . the history of the world.

We canand will win !

When blacks talk about win-ning, racial solidarity, repudiating westernvalues, not waiting for or giving a dammabout the white racist working class andwhat it thinks, ofay so-called radicals sc-ream "RACIST" and say our analysis is un-scientific, shows bougeois tendencies andhas contradictions .

WHY WHITE AMERICANS FEARBLACK NATIONALISM

Mostwhite Americans either don'tunder-stand-or fear nationalism among black am -ericans because they usually have paranoidtendencies concerning the racial situationin the U .S . and around the world .

Thiscorms from their guilt complex and is us-ually covered by paternalism . White Ame-rica know# what their ancestors have doneto the Afroamerican and they usually feelthat one day they will have to pay for theirdeeds . Whenblacks start talking about kill-ing whites and destroying the U.S . so-calledwhite radicals say that we are not talkingabout "real" revolution.WHAT IS "REAL" REVOLUTION?

"Political power comes from the bar-rel of a gun." (7) "Real" revolution isapolitical economic war that is, a war withpolitical objectives wagedby theoppressed

to destroy the oppressox's power over them .When white radicals talk about revolution

without destroying the existing Americansociety they- are not talking about "real"revolution. What they fail to understandis htat you have to destroy the old societyin order toccreate a new one . TheyfAil tounderstand that the racist ruling class ol-igarchy stays in power because of it's ma-

1:8,on Pg.- 8,

During the past two years there has, arisenacross the country, - a reactionary sort of so-called"black-nationalism" which has confused the concept of Black Nationalism, and in particular, theconcept of Revolutionary Black Nationalism . In itspresent article this phenomenon which we . are ten-tatively describing as "cufl-ud nationalism" will beanalyzed; -in a future article an alternative to BlackOpportunism will be offered.

"Black nationalism on the right" has itsroots in the post-slavery program of Booker T.Washington . The greatest difference between Washington and his modern-day counterparts, however, isthe stronger identification of these "nationalists"with Mother Africa and also, their seeming militancy(which can only be interpreted as "loud-mouth"conservatism), - when it comes to speaking out gn"Black" issues.'Just as Washington had thoughtsof establisting trade with Africa during his time,' . 'nationalists" today are often heard spouting theirschemes of ''trade" between the Afro-AmericanCommunity and- developing African nations. Whatkind of trade proposed is left vague, but one isgiven the impression that this "trade" centers uponAfrican art imports to the U.S . (which -we will pur-chase with our $20 billion, naturally:).

In order to establish a .stronger identificationwith Africa it is customary for "cullud nationalists"to take on African names; this is seemingly a militant position (and can be), inasmuch as it is "radi-cal" for Black people in the context of the "Ameri-can way of thinking." However, when we considerthe opportunistic policies that those "nationalists"pursue, ~it can only be concluded that .their namesshould be relegated to the class of the Tubmans;Kasavubus, Mobutus and Tshombes, all o¬ the re-actionary, African "leader.''

The seeming militancy of reactionary "nation-alism" arises when we consider the manner inwhich these "nationalist" groups vociferously de-nounce both the so-called "black bourgeoisie" andthe present "Civil Rites" movement. It is certainlytrue that the bourgeois elements within the Black

BLACK NATIONALISM ON THE RIGHT

community should be denounced; it is equally truethat :the- "Civil Rites" program is leading itself up a"blind alley" to the extent that it depends on theFederal Government to step in at the point where themovement has,reached a "dead end", or where itrelies upon .the morality of WHITEY to bring abouta solution to the multitude of contradictions inher-ent in the Black man's presence in America. Thus,criticism of the "Civil Rites" movement is indeedjustified in many cases.

The greatest contradictions of reactionary"black nationalism", however, present themselveswhen we examine the "nationalist" program for thesolution of the dilemma of the Afro-American; what

. most of our "cullud nationalists" propose is somesort of ambiguous "self-help" program, completewith befuddled slogans as "each one teach. orte,""Pride and Dignity", etc., as if "self-help" byitself were going to solve the basic problems ofAfro-Americans (let alone slogans) . It is our beliefthat these "nationalists" expect "Pride and Dig-nity" to arise from a vacuum, especially when, weconsider that self-hatred among Afro-Americans willdisappear only when Black people either establishsome sort of control, over the white-oriented massmedia or at least have the power to project a satis=factory black Image to the masses. Our position on"self-help" as advocated by these reactionary"nationalists", is that their program has not de-veloped to such a point that it might benefit themasses of Black people in the racist U.S. In fact,"Pride", "Dignity", and "self-help" alone cannotand will not accomplish the arduous task of BlackLiberation, a point upon which we shall elaborate1 ater .

One, implication ~f the "self-help" programis that Afro-Americans ought to pursue the samepath that virtually every minority group in the U.S.has followed, at one `time pr another, during itshistory, in the raeist quagmire ; that is, by rejuven-ating, the ghettos in which they live (in terms ofimprovement of buildings and of stimulating greatereconomic activity in the Black community), going

through the "bootstrap scene", and eventually be-coming an integral part of the so-called "affluentsociety", Now, all of this above nonsense wouldmake prolific material for a very interesting HoratioAlger novel (as applied to the "success story" of amass of people), but in terms of economic realitiesit is strictly not on the case. First point: during thetime which minority groups made their "debut intothe mainstream", the U.S . Economy was in a stateof expansion therefore affording the members ofthese groups ample opportunity for "upward mobil-ity" . Today we find U.S . capitalism in its higheststage of development (that of Imperialism) and to-tally inadequate in providing a sufficient numberof jobs for white workers, let alone black workers.

Even if racial discrimination in the U.S . wereto be abolished, Afro-Americans would be in fewareas of the economy `.in which they could expand(besides those decadent, economic waste lands ofreal estate, mortuaries, and drinking establish-ments.) Second point: Jews, - Italians, Poles, Ger-mans, and others who came to this country of theirown volition have always had a group which theycould exploit economically in order to "make it" onthe 'American scene, that group was the Afro-Amer-ican community . Presently, the only group whichAfro-Americans can exploit LA themselves (who elseis on the bottom?) This does in fact, occur, andthus arise the internal class contradictions within.the captive nation of Afro-America, with the resultof further entrenchment, economically, of the "blackbourgeoisie" into "WHITEY'S" economy (and therelative economic downfall of the 431ack masses.)

It is characteristic of these reactionary,"nationalists" to spout cliches about a. non-ex-istent, American "free-enterprise; if our brothershad done their reading on economics faithfully, theywould perhaps realize that "free-enterprise" wasdead in Europe in the late 1800's and was on thedecline in the U.S . during the early 1900's (alongwith the formation of the first billion-dollar trust inhistory, United States Steel.) The free-enterprise isspoken of as if it were still a reality in the racistU.S.A . It just doesn't exist any more, and in actu-ality exerted itself only for a short period of timeduring the Industrial Revolution in the U.S .

Let's "bring it down front" : "self-help" forbrutalized Afro-Americans at the present stage (ofdevelopment) of "WHITEY'S" economic system is anecessary but not sufficient condition for BlackLiberation . Evidently, some Afro-Americans feelthat Black people need only pool their financial"resources," establish Black-owned and controlled"

BLACK NATIONALISM ON THE RIGHT

14

banks, ahd from this dream (and it is a dream) createa vast network of Black businesses on the spirit ofthe "American Ethic," which is an ethic of dema-goguery and "tricknology ." All are myths.

In the first place, we lack the surplus capitalwith which to invest in the dubious undertaking out-lined above. Oftentimes the figure of approximately20 billion dollars is offered as being the purchasingpower of Black people in the U.S . This is quite animpressive sum, especially when we consider thefact that it is at present greater than the GrossNational Product of Canada. But where does this$20 billion go? The ans-wer is that this�sum is dis- .sipated in the " Afro-American's expenditures forbasic necessities. This "purchasing power" merelygoes toward maintaining Black people on .a subsist-ence level : that is, the majority -of the $20' billionpays for an often inadequate supply of food for theBlack family, rent payments (which on the averageare higher than those for white families,) and for thecost of utilities. In 1959, according to the latestBureau of the Census Report, the median income ofnon-white households (.families and unrelated indi-viduals) was $2,520 or 49 .5% of the median forwhite households (which was $5,08$) . This dis-parity is shocking, but the brutal reality of theBlack man's position in the "wilderness of NorthAmerica" is even more startling when we considerthat, economically speaking, Afro-Americans are invirtually the same position that they were ten yearsago; "The previous Census (of 1950) didn't collectsimilar figures by color. But the Census did conducta comparable sample survey. It showed for 1949, amedian of $1,.533 for non-white households, or 48.9%of the $3,138 for white households . No matter howone measures it, Negro incomes are still less thanhalf those of whites, and have not made any signifi-cant gains in narrowing the margin during the pastdecade . When allowance was made for the largersize of the average Negro household, it turns outthat the median per capita income of non-whites isonly around 44% by a first approximation of thatof whites . The effective difference is also in-creased by the fact that Negroes generally have topay more for poorer quality goods and services, andby -other considerations . In order to substantiate ourour position further that "self-help" is a necessarybut not sufficient condition for Black Liberation,.let us for a moment examine the situation of Afro-Americans in that jungle known as Mississippi. Theper capita income of Mississippi is $1,173, ; thelowest per capita income of any state in the union.If, -however, -you are a Negro living in one of five or

BLACK onsix counties studied by the U.S . Commission onCivil Rights, you may have an income of only $531a year. In the last 77 years there have been 578lynchings of which 538 were of Negroes.

If you have children in one of the 151 schooldistricts (none desegregated) the state will expend$174 a year on your child - less than any otherstate . . Federal funds for the Negro Public Schoolsamounted to 42% of $193,061. "If you are a NegrowQm.m n and had a child in 19$9 .and .the-child died atbirth, it was one o£ 51.3% per 1,000 Negro infantswho digd that year in Mississippi .

Finally, if we consider that from approximate-ly June to October of 1964, 34 churches were eitherbombed or set fire to by white racists, we can wellimagine what might occur if any appreciable numberof "self-help" businesses were estabhshed-by AfroAmericans in the "deep" South .

How in hell could a program of "self-help"function under the conditions of such a decadentsociety as this, unless one is speaking of "help-ing-self" to bazookas, cannons, and mortars? These'facts underline the bankruptcy of the "culled na-tionalist's" program which is out of touch with eco-nomic realities in the North and completely impotentin the South.

It's been pointed out previously that "Whitey"has found himself in a "trick bag" relative to theprospects of continually expanding the U.S . Economy (at least with respect to the present job situa-tion) ; - U.S . Imperialism is suffering more and moreeach day as a result of the head-whipping it is re-ceiving in Southeast Asia.

At . o reaent con~wence of non-aligned nationsin Cairo, "Whitey" was denounced for his involve-ment in the . Congo fiasco . Now, - the Beast needsmarkets and cheap sources of labor and naturalresources in order to insure his continued realiza-zation of super-profits, but because of his pasttrickery he finds that many nations now close theirdoors when they see him coming. What is the solu-tion to his problem? At least with regard to Africa,Whitey is attempting to gain a greater economicfoothold through the "patriotic" acts of "culled,"bourgeois mercenaries (including such Negro Mythol-ogists as publisher John H. . Johnson of Ebony Mag-azine and Uncle Ralph Bunche, Carl T. Rowan,Emerson Player, etc.) "Big Charlie" is not particu-lar which Afro-American lackey he sends abroad aslong as this lackey "brings home the ham hock."He would logically, therefore, be willing to sendreactionary nationalists to Africa as well as UncleToms in order to do his bidding; as a matter of fact,

the RIGHTthis has already occurred .

Now, we realize that the American black bour-geoisie would like very much to reap the economicgoodies from the Motherland, but let us not overlookanother important fact : it is precisely the markets ofAfrica, also upon which our "nationalists" focusintense interest . Thus, concomitant with their"self-help program they wish to help themselves toAfrica's magnificent source of wealth; their desireto explout our Blood Brothers and Blood Sisters inthe Motherland in order to raise their own economiclevel in the U .S . takes on the characteristics ofreactionary, "culled" opportunism .

Brother James Lacy, an Afro-Americanpresently in Accra, Ghana, had this to sayin an unpublished paper : "Why should Afri-cans help a segment of the largest capital-istcountry in the world, even a Black seg-ment, to strengthen its position and in thateconomy? Doesn't their entrenched economic interests represent another source bywhich Africans will be exploited ? Doesn'tthe strengthening of the Black man's econo-mic position in America imply that Ameri-can government action in Cuba, South Viet-nam, the Congo, South Africa, and LatinAmerica have to be supported by all whohave interests in the American Economy?"

Let us keep in mind, that the racist U.S .didnotbecome a "have" nation and the vast,Black World-Africa, Asia, Latin Americabecome a group of "have not" nations sim-ply because "Whitey" worked, diligentlywhile the rest of the world set back on . itshindquarters ; the role of U .S . "tricknology"and imperialism with respect to the Blackworld is well documented, and need not bebelabored here . However, the point whichwe have made in preceding paragraphs isnot irrelevant to our present discussion .

Afro-Americans will definitly find itnecessary to procure support for their st-ruggle from peoples through out the world,particularly the Black World .

In order toacheive this support it is imperative thatAfro-Ame ricans not only denounce, but boy-cott (among other things )the system whichseeks to destroy humanity . Any other po-sition taken by Afro-America offers only areactionary mythic solution to its problems ;a "solution" which, because of other reali-ties, is destined . to fail .

Can't- Next Issue

DIALECTICAL ESCHATOLOGYDESTINY OF AFRO-AMERICA

by El Mahdi

Alienation is the plague affilicting Manin the contemporary world, Man's responseto this pervasive condition determines hisdestiny, because according to existentialismexistence precedes essence .

The burdenof creating freedom or enduring slaveryrests on modern man's shoulders-is totallyhis responsibility ; the oppressed. must lib-erate themselves . Revolution is not onlythe American Black Man's responsibility,it is his redemption . Only total revolutioncan resolve the pathological contradictionsengendered by the Afro-American's utteralination in the United . States .

The revolutionary implications of theAfro-American's fate have become increas-ingly more manifest in his music-jazz . Thework of Bird, Diz, Monk, and co . initiallyappeared so perplexing because it repre-sented an abrupt, revolutionary developmentbeyond traditional Afro,.American music -spirituals, blues, and swing . Aestheticallyit expressed, the Afro-American's rebelliousbut more sophisticated posture toward. hisalienation in post World. WarII America .

A fundamental "ennui"-spiritual paraly-sis besets the Western world .

The "bohe-mianism" of the European and Americanintellectual embodies a romantic posturetoward their "spiritual wasteland " ;but todayromanticism is anti-dialectical or counter-revolutionary'because it is decadent anddegenerate . Nineteenth century romanticismwas a critique of the materialistic, anti -humanistic character of the bourgeois so-cial order produced by the industrial rev-olution .

However, Marx emphasized thatartistic and sociological criticism must beoriented toward transforming society .

TheNietzchian assertion that " God. is dead." inbourgeois society, compels man to resur -rect God. via revolution . The failure of ro-manticists and Marxists to revolutionize theWest condemned them to a permanent "ennui"which is apparent in contemporary Western- sequent dehumanization in terms of poverty,

racism, chavinism, psychosis and"ennui" .The nature of Afro-America's problem

is international, therefore its solution mustbe international . . creation of the "Bandung

art, literature, and music .

Only the Afro -American has not completely capitulated tothis "spiritual pathology", this is percep-tible in the perennial vitality of his music .

Dr . W.E .B . DuBois . theoretica l fatherof the reformist civil rights movement,ultimately realized that such a decadent,"sick" society "cannot reform itself;anysociety that enslaves you, cannot free you,"and he repudiated his "baby'%

The Afro-American revolutionist's basic indictmentof Martin Luther King, Jr . and the otherbourgeois reformists is their desire to as-similate or integrate Black People into the"polluted" American mainstream of exploi-tationandinhurnanity, which is now under-going its final stages of decay and collapse .Only a movement which embodies the aspi-rations and emotions expressed in the Afro-American's music can captivate and galva-nize Black America . Marcus Garvey'snationalism elicited unprecedented Afro-American attention, but Awas dialecticallyor historically premature . Never-the-lessonly an idelogy which incorporates the anti-imperialism of Garvey and DuBois can lib-erate Afro-America .

Such an Afro-Ame-rican anti-imperialist movement, unitedwith those of the Bandung World, can rev-olutionize the globe .

The consumnate historical irony of theAfro-American's "travail's in the UnitedStates is the revlation that it has been hashis propheticm'islionviahislabor, tobuild,the economic foundations of the most deca.dent imperialist empire, produce its onlycultural contributions to the world., and ulti-,matelyto annihilate the "imperialist beast"that its toil created . In essence, the Afro-American produced the "imperialist" thesis(United States), and its oppression in theUnited States has ultimately forged itintothe anti-imperialist humanistic antithesis.Thus the emerging Afro-American Revolu .tion is an aspect of modern "dialecticaleschatology"-Armageddon, the ultimate,final confrontation of the inhuman West andthe humanistic Bandung World-Asia, AfricaLatin and. Afro-America . The resultanthumanistic "Bandung Synthesis" will createa World devoid of imperialistic contradic.tions-Man's inhumanity to Man and the con-

veals the entire thinking of the NATO powersand western imperialist. . . what they thinkof the Africans, because' were shattered forthe first time in the history of the UnitedNations . The African : nations came togethercollectively and told the United States, " youare an imperialist power!" Thiswas neversaid before .

Never, never said before .Because each of our leaders, perhaps, se-ared that Wall street might withdraw its

your aid and couldn't be worse ." We havesuffered long enough and we'll struggleon our own effort and build our own country,if we have to do it .

They misjudge the activities of Africabut we always come forward with new sto-ries . . . with new activities .

For the firsttime in the history of the world, a continenthas come together and formed a continentalunion in the form of the Organization ofAfrican Unity .

No other continent in theworld . has done this .

You hear about theOrganization of American States but we kn-ow it is not an organization of Americanstates ; it is an organization against Cuba .We know it.

And we know also, that it isnot an organization of equal or free .people ;it is an organization of master and slaves .But the organization of African Unity is an-other matter . For the first time in the his -tory of this world, people are prepared tosacrifice their sovereignity inorder to br-ing a new unity on earth, and that is theAfrican Unity,

African Unity is so vital ;it is not merely a racial unity.

It is anAfrican Unity to safeguard our interests,because we know what these people havedone to us .

We know the treacheries ofimperialism . . We don't have to go throughthem . . . we don't have to repeat them .We know what they have done . . . millions

of people have been killed in order to servethe imperialist role ; in order to build . bigcities and countries . . . to traizsport themfrom one corner of the world to the other. . . .and under horrible conditions and we .know thatif you're notalive and you're notunited the same sortof thing will corne .back.We know it .

That's why they are trying to shoot theCongolese people . Theyare testing . Theyare testing our position on this questionofthe Congo .

It is a serious test because iftoday they can prop up a Tshombe---thatrenegade who can sell his own brother andsisters (the Tshombes are the same typewho sold their brothers and sisters two cen-turie s ago), and if they can keep that rene -gade then we are weak. To whatextentwill

will be the United Arab Republic, it will beall of Africa .

And so we say, we stand united on thisissue . The whole of Africa is standing un-ited and I can guarantee you, if there areany renegades among the African leaderswho are prepared to be soldout on this par-ticulat issue of the Congo, the African peo-ple in their countries will be the answer .Tomorrow you will hear a verybig line froma very inportant man. You'll see in yourpapers tomorrow; (I'm sure the imperialistswill make full, use of it. ) This man-we callhim the "Voice of America"- this man isshamelessly talking against his own folkand kin-supportingmassacres in the Congo.He'll get a very big line-splashed all over.A bank balance .

A hugh bank balance . I'veno doubt about it.

But in Africa there willbe activities .

These people can stand andact shamelessly on the behalf of imperial.ism-supporting massacres in Africa as ifwe haven't suffered enough!

As ifwe mustrepeat history all over again.

These arethe very people who want to enslave us asthey fatten their coffers .

But we tell themAfrica of today is not the Africa of yester -day. There are five million of us .

We sh-all all fight and fight until we keep Africafree . And it shall remain free . UHURU!BLACK AMERICABox 359New York, N.Y.Enter my subscription to BLACK AMERICA .Please send

copies .I want to contribute to BLACK AMERICA .Enclosed money order or check, $ ,25~ a copy, 1 .00 a year, bundles of ormore, 15~ each.

investments or the donor countries would the people of Africa resist him ? Iftodaywithdraw their aid. But today we Is°ay we they succeed in the Congo, tomorrow itcouldn't be worse, "you can go away with will be Mozambique, it will be Kenya, it

chine . This machine controls all of the in -stitutions of American society.

If one isserious about "real" revolution he will re-alize that American society as it existsmust be destroyed.

Blood flows in "real!'revolution.

Millions of¬Americans . , bloodwill flow-both white and black in the coma ngrevolution. This description is built onrealism not utopianism .

It is built on theconcept of two different ways of life clash-ing, essentially two different nations-whiteAmerica vs . Black America .

Our conceptof revolutionis notdesigned,to frighten offpunks, spineless and gutless people.

It isimportant for us to know what "real" rev-olution means .

Once knowing what "real"revolution is we can estimate who will beon our side and who will be against us . Todo this we mustknow what ha s been the re-lation between BlackAmerica and white Am-erica .

THE HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN WHITE AMERICAAND BLACK AMERICA

The American white working class hasbenefited for over one hundred years fromthh super exploitationof the Afroamerican.The white working claashas been those whohave led lynch parties and castrations a-gainst us . The only time the white work-ing class has ever united with the Blackman, (something the ofay left Always bragsabout)is when it could use the black man toattain a higher status in American society.Ever since the African-American was stol-en from Africa this has been happening .Whether the movements were sucessful orwt, the African-American never gainedfrom his alliance and still remained. an out-cast,

During the revolutionary war, the Blackman was . promised freedom from chattel,slavery if he foughton the side of the American patriots . This promise was left unful-filled . In fact so blatant was the racism ofthe American patriots that theyclassifiedthe African-American as 3/8human to jus-tify their continued enslavement of him intheir newly found constitution of the UnitedStates of America . The U .S .A . governmentof the people, for the people and by the peo-

ple ;that is . . .white people . During the ci-vil war the African-Americanwas promis-ed. if he fought on the side of the union hewould get, "forty acres and a mule" . Againthe promise was broken . Historians saythat there were clashes between the Blackswho seized the landand federal(union)troopsafter the war .

So it goes on and on .

ThePopulist movernent"united" withthe African-American as small farmer movementbutwhen it's bid for power was defeated. i tturned racist again.

The labor movementdeveloped. along similar lines and the Amer-communist movement which evenpromisedthe African-American a "Negro nation" end-ed up selling out to the Roosevelt machine .

The present .day leftpromises the Afro-american everything from racial, economicand political equality(integration)in a soc -ialistAmerica to the right of self-determi-nation ("Negro''nationhood in southern sta-tes) and the right to separate(one or morestates as a nation). The relationship of un-ity even in, radical ranks has been of as ex-ploitative nature; to use the African in Am-erica as a propaganda tool to get it's (ofayleft) program across.

THE OFAY LEFT"The ofay left refuses to recognize that

America is a caste and class society. Thenature of the American caste is racial ;therefore, any revolution in racist Americawill be on racial lines . "(8) The only organ-ized force in the white community capableof attempting to sieze power is the ultra-right. If the ofay left sees this developmentthen it's historical role is to go into thewhite community, organize it for revolutionand. fight the facist. The American left haslost it's roots in the white community . Itis broken into a hundred different pieceswasting time debating among itself while theultra-right continues to gain power . Theofay :left which spends most of it's time tell-ing us what to do ahould. shut up for a while,until it gets itself together and then talk tothose white working class bastards thatlynch, castrate,rape, murder and brutalizeda ily .

78con' t on Fg . 19

THE NATURE OF OUR STRUGGLEAs the Afroamerican war baby genera-

tion attempts to fightfor integration(an im-possible goal under the racist capitalistsystem)and becomes frustrated from such,it will begin to repudiate white America'svalue and lean towards nationalism . By thenature of oppression and struggle they willrealize that they must seize, control andmaintain state power before achieving anygoal (integration, separation, migrationback to Africa, black nationhiid, assimila-tion, ect. ) .

The faster the African-Ameri-can struggles for assimilation in racistAmerica, the faster he will become dis-couraged about integration a s a goal a scounter-revolution (so called white back-lash)grows inwhite America . As the south- .ern Afroamerican pushes for the righttovote, raising the question of self-determi-nation ;he will recieve more resistance fromthe southern state apparatus and it will beeasier to show him ti is to his advantage toieze state power,

ON INTERNA'1'IONAL SUPPORTSince America is the citadel of imperi-

alism, ( twentieth century Rome ) and it(America) can temporarily bring the worldrevolution to a stalemate, it is to the ad-vantage of all revolutionaries to come to aid.with,political, economic and physical supportin the course of a revolutionary war insidethe racist U . S . A . . . Latin American rev-olutionaries especiailyplaya strategic rolein thisbecause theyare in aposition ofim-med.iate physical support . A young BlackRevolutionary was told. recently that FALN,the Armed Forces of National Liberation ofVenezuela, had.blown up one of Rockefeller'simperialist investment in Venezuela in sup-portof our struggle . This - incident, it wasstated ., occured concerning the bombing ofthe six Black children in Birmingham .

When revolutionary war breaks out inthe U .S .A . it would be to the advantage ofLatin American revolutionaries towage waragainst their reactionary regimes who arelackeys of U .S . imperialism because theU.S . would be unable to come to their aid .The seizure of and or destruction of the im-perialistproperty would.create a major cri-

19

sis for the racist U.S.oligarchy . An ex-ample ofa limited effect of this was theF . L . N .liberation fighters of South Vietnam .With racist America having to cope with arevolutionary war within her borders andpressured from the outside by anti-imper -ialist forces, it Nf~°ould suffer a political andeconomic collapse . It would be to the ad-vantage of every revolutionary to wage waragainst the U .S . and it's lackeys in everyway possible during this crisis because itwill be the weakest period. for world imper-ialism . The Afroamerican revolutionarywould. become therefore the- pivotal,f)oint forthe destruction of world imperialism .THE RESPONSIBILITY ANDTHEORETICAL POSITION OFTHE AFROAMERICAN REVOLUTIONThe Afroamerican revolutionary being

inside the citadel of world. imperialism and.being the Vanguardagainst the most highlydeveloped. capitalist complex has problemsno other revolutionary has had . His posi-tion is so strategic that victory means thedownfall of the archenemy of the oppressed(U .S . imperialism)and the beginning of thebirth of a new world.

The African-American revolutionaryawaits the day when Black humanism willprevail over white decadent materialism ;for on that day the oppressed will see thesunrise again, the redeemers will walk theearth, Hir arr : shall awaken and. the meekshall inherit the earth! Up you mighty rev-olutionaries, you can accomplish what youw ill !

REFERENCES1 . Mrs . Amy Garvey- Garvey and GarveyismL . Editorial- Monthly Review, "The colonialWar at Home", May 64-page 6 paragraph, 1 .3 . Dubois- The Souls of Black Folk .4 . Editorial-Monthly Review, " The Colonialwar atHome ", May64-pages8, 9 ;paragraphl,5 . Editorial- Monthly Review , "The ColonialWar at Home", May64-page8 ; paragraph 1 .H . H . Edwards-M . R . Nov, 64, "The ColonialWar at Home", except for the word "fast"replace the word "first"-author's addition .7 . Mao Tse-tung quoted, in Mao Tse-tungOn Guerrilla Warfare , translation by Samuelb, Griffith .8 . From Black youth conference ; The BlackRevolution's Relationship to the Band.ungWorld .

DIALECTICAL ESCHATOLOGY con'tSynthesis", a new Lumanistic world order .As a result, the Afro-American revolution-ist is an international outlaw, the "NorthAmerican Vanguard" of the Bandung Rev -olution .

His "Blood Brothers" are anti-imperialists of the world, the balance con-sists of actual or potential enemies ; therecan be no neutralism .

Thus the BlackAmerican radical and China are the para-mount polarizers of the globe, dedicated toprecipitating Armageddon, "Dialectical Es .chatology", or the final showdown between"Yanqui" Inhumanism and Bandung Human-ism .

The Afro-American revolutionist isthe Humanist of the furture whose life isconsecrated to the obliterating of U .S . andNATQ- (Yanq.ui) Inhumanism,

To him nationalism is an anachronism,"no anti-imperialist nation chabe an islandunto itself"- ; the liberation of all BandungPeoples is predicated . upon their unity andcollective consecration to total war againstthe "Yanqui" oligarchy . Nonalignment is _be-trayal because it subordinates internationalfreedom (humanism) to national neo-colo -nialism .

The intent of Western economicaid is to perpetuate "neo - imperialism",not bury it .

The dialectical progression of modernhistory has conferred a crucial role uponthe Afro-American revolutionist becauseof his strategic position within the nationalboundaries of the prime imperialist, theU .S .A . . Only the Afro-American can de-vastate the "North American Collossus"internally.Thus all genuine Bandung revolutionaries

must unequivocally support the RevolutionaryAfro-American Movement . The Black Am-erican radical is a redeemer who must res-urrect a colonial people who suffered cen-turies of spiritual and psychological geno-cide, and who acknowledge but one history-slavery . Consequently, before the Afro-American can revolutionize the world, hemust revolutionize himself ; he must rejectthe decadent, bourgeois syndrome of ma-terialism, hedonism and egoism, and createnew humanistic values for himself, his people, and the world.

The Afro-Americanrevolutionary is the humanistic antithesisof the inhuman West,

Central to the im-

potence fo Maxism irrthe West is the absenceof this total humanistic conception of social-ist proletarian revolution . Socio-economicchange alone cannot regenerate an inhumanbourgeois order, societies must be revolu-tionized culturally and spritually in orderto establish a genuine world socialist demo-cracy. It is imperative that all socialistsrealize that humanism, not industrializationis the essence of socialism ; otherwise allrevolutions will suffer betrayal . The taskof the Afro-American revolutionist is firstto fashion a humanistic ideology which em-bodies politicallythe humanistic dynamismof the Afro-American music creativity ofBird, Monk, Miles, 'Trane, etc . andthroughanti-imperialist revolutionary struggle, de-molish the American oligarchy and its globallackeys - the personification of Satan onEarth ."

BLACK AMERICAPublished quarterly by FRAM,

Plack Liberation Front of the U.S.A .

In Sumsary :A New PhilosophyWe now witness the emergence of a new

philosophy for Black America - sfemming from theuniversality of Dr. DuBois, and the militant, massoriented action of Marcus Garvey linked with theanti-imperialism of the Bandung world. . It is onewith this age of Universal or-Planetary Revolutionagainst the Universal Slavemaster, Western Imper-ialism, it is pushed forward by a new generation ofblack men and women dedicated to the total liber-ation of Black America - and, i.e . the Bandungworld - by all forms of revolutionary struggle . Weof Black America - the captive nation of NorthAmerica - join hands with our brothers throughoutthe world, as we march from the crumbling bastionsof this Spiritual Dark Age - four hundred years ofuniversal servitude - into the blazing, -gloriousvalleys of the long awaited SUNRISE!