RSA Project No. 2017 · Surface water will be coHected in the laboratory jar by direct immersion if practicable. Otherwise, water will be collected in a wide-mouth, glass container

RoMMigarten. Smith & A.S.SOC iatcs. Imli.vhnii.Ml I .;r. !r. m^.'ni.il M.n: luc'iivm

RSA Project No. 2017

SOMSDocID 2081160

CORRECTIVE ACTIONSITE INVESTIGATION WORK PLAN

GENERAL ELECTRIC RAILCAR REPAIR SERVICES FACILITYTRIUMPH INDUSTRIAL PARK

ELKTON, CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND

Augusta, 2001

AR101025

Rosengarten, Smith & Associates, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SITE INVESTIGATION 1

Sediment and Surface Water Sampling 2

Surficial Soil Sampling 2

Monitor Well Installations 2

FIELD PROCEDURES 3

Sediment Sampling Procedures 3

Surface Water Sampling Procedures 3

Surface Soil Sampling Procedures 3

Subsurface Soil Sampling Procedures 4

Boring Abandonment and Spoils Management 4

Monitor Well Installation Methods 5

Monitor Well Development 5

Groundwater Sampling Methods 5

Sample Testing, Handling, and Documentation 6

Decontamination Procedures 6

Transportation and Disposal 7

Surveying 7

Schedule 7

TABLE 1 - Proposed Schedule for Field Work and Report Submission

FIGURE 1 - Proposed Monitor Well and Sediment/Water Sampling Locations

APPENDIX - GROUNDWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN

AR101026


SITE INVESTIGATION

This document presents the work plan to conduct a Site Investigation (SI) at the GeneralElectric Railcar Repair Services (GERRS) facility located in Elkton, Cecil County, Maryland(Figure 1). The purpose of the SI is to provide data to complete an Environmental Indicator(El) determination pursuant to the EPA's results-based Corrective Action (CA) guidelines.EPA currently determines two Els by the following two questions: "1) Are current humanexposures under control?, and 2) Is migration of contaminated groundwater under control?"

The work scope presented herein has been designed to provide additional information sothat both Els can be further addressed. Since the site is currently inactive, access to thesite has been restricted, and former waste management units have been closed, directexposure, if any, of humans to contaminants remaining at the facility would be via surfacewater flowing from the Central Drainage Ditch and direct exposure to potentiallycontaminated surface soils. Therefore, to address El No. 1 sediment and water sampleswill be collected from the Central Drainage Ditch, and surficial soil samples will be collectedat selected locations within the facility to determine if contaminants are present that couldimpact surface water or threaten humans through direct exposure.

Previous investigations indicated presence of contaminated groundwater in the northeastportion of the facility. Therefore, additional monitor wells will be installed in this area tofurther define whether and to what extent there may be contaminated groundwater to aidin the El No. 2 determination. In addition, a site-wide monitor well network will be installedin accordance with EPA's results-based CA guidelines. These wells will be located toprovide contaminant and hydrologic data of the shallowest water-bearing zone throughoutthe site, including areas believed to be down hydraulic gradient from former Solid WasteManagement Units. The presence or absence of contaminants in groundwater samplesfrom the monitor well network will help determine if on-site or off-site contaminant migrationis occurring.

At the conclusion of the SI, a report will be generated which will address the key Elelements of human exposure and groundwater migration. Contaminant concentrations,if any, will be compared to the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) CleanupStandards for Soil and Groundwater, Interim Final Guidance, December 2000, todetermine if additional investigations and/or if interim corrective action is warranted.Potential exposure pathways will be summarized and a qualitative risk assessment will bemade of the potential forfuture human exposure or contaminant migration via groundwater.The EPA's El forms for the site will also be completed and included in the report.

Field work will be conducted in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedures(SOPs) included in the "Quality Assurance Project Plan" (QAPP) prepared for this project.The SOPs include methods for soil and groundwater sampling, logging, anddecontamination. Specific groundwater sampling methods are presented in the"Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan" prepared for this project.

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Sediment and Surface Water Sampling

ejitcfisurfacewateamDes will be collected from the Central Drainage

itch (CDD) and anyzeorvo ia t i ieorganic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organiccompounds (SVOCs), and Priority Pollutant Metals (PPM) by U.S. EPA Methods 8240 or8260, Method 8270 and Series 6000/7000 or equivalent, respectively. The locations of thesampling points are shown on Figure 1. The northernmost sample point is at the originof the drainage ditch and the second sample location is adjacent to the cleaning racktrench system and down gradient of the NPDES outfall. The third sediment/surface watersampling point is adjacent to the paint shop building and down gradient of the drainagepipe emanating from the Main Repair Shop. The fourth sampling point will be locatedwithin the basin just prior to the ditch turning to the southeast, and the southernmostsampling point is at the intersection of the CDD and the property boundary.

Surficial Soil Sampling

Sixteensurfacesoil samples will be collected from the approximate locations shown inflgTJRfTT^fflHSrialyzed for VOCs, SVOCs, and PPMs. Twelve of the samples will becollected adjacent to the cleaning rack trench system, two samples will be collected fromthe sand blast area, and two samples will be collected from the east side of the MiddleWarehouse, where the transformer was formerly stored.

Monitor Well Installations

be installed in the Potomac Group sediments at thein Figure 1 (folded map). Six additional wells will be

completed in the underlying weathered Saprolite. The locations of the Potomac groupwells were selected based on previous investigations at the site, on proximity to formeroperating units, and in areas to characterize hydrologic conditions at the site. Wells MW-9through MW-22 are located to determine whether, and to what extent, there is groundwatercontamination emanating from the Galaxy Still Bottom Disposal Area. The remainingPotomac Group wells are located to determine if groundwater has been impacted by facilityoperations in other areas.

^Te jh^ejl jfi cnmnletedii he weathered Saprolite are located in the area of known^roundwatercontaminatioriir^raer to determine if downward migration of contaminantsfrom the Potomac Group has occurred and to determine the extent of hydraulic connectionbetween the two units. Hydrologic characteristics of the weathered Saprolite will also bedetermined by completion of aquifer tests on each of these wells.

Once installed, each new well and the existing eight monitor wells will be sampledaccording to the procedures presented in the following sections and in the GroundwaterSampling and Analysis Plan prepared for this investigation. The wells will also besubjected to hydraulic testing in order to develop an "order-of magnitude" permeability ofthe water-bearing unit in the vicinity of each well. Groundwater samples collected from

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each well will be analyzed for VOCs, SVOCs, and PPMs. Approximately three months !after the initial sampling event, all wells will be sampled again for comparison.

Monitor-well pilothole completion, soil sampling, and monitorwell construction activities willbe conducted in accordance with the SOPS in the QAPP and in accordance with practicesand procedures outlined in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency document titled"RCP\A Ground Water Monitoring Technical Enforcement Guidance Document,"September, 1986, or the document entitled RCRA Ground-Water Monitoring: DraftTechnical Guidance , November 1992

FIELD PROCEDURES

Sediment Sampling Procedures

Sediment samples will be collected for laboratory analyses from the CDD by use of a smalldiameter (1-inch) stainless steel hand-auger. At each sampling location, the auger will be

Advanced by hand fronrrthe surface to a depth of approximately eight inches. The uppertwo inches wjllbe^discarded and the remaining samplej/yiH bejDlacedjrii thelaboratoryjar.The sample will "be transferred tolfie'jar immediately upon retrieval To minimizevolatilization of organic compounds. The sample will then be labeled and placed on ice fortransport. Chain of Custody (COC) forms will be completed with pertinent informationincluding the required analyses. The hand auger will be decontaminated prior to thecollection of each sample by decontamination methods presented in this document andin the SOPs included in the QAPP.

Surface Water Sampling Procedures

Surface water will be coHected in the laboratory jar by direct immersion if practicable.Otherwise, water will be collected in a wide-mouth, glass container with a built-in pourspout and then carefully poured into the appropriate laboratory container. The sample willthen be labeled and placed on ice for transport. Chain of Custody (COC) forms will becompleted with pertinent information including the required analyses.

Surficial Soil Sampling Procedures

Surficial soil samples will be collected for laboratory analyses by use of a small diameter(1-inch) stainless steel hand-auger. At each sampling location, the auger will be advancedby hand from the surface to a <jepth_gf approximately eight innfaes The upper two inches

^willbejiLscaided and the remaining sample will be placed in the laboratory jar' The samplewill be transferred to the jar immediately upon retrieval to minimize volatilization of organiccompounds. The sample will then be labeled and placed on ice for transport. Chain ofCustody (COC) forms will be completed with pertinent information including the requiredanalyses. The hand auger will be decontaminated prior to the collection of each sampleby decontamination methods presented in this document and in the SOPs included in the

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QAPP.

Subsurface Soil Sampling Procedures

Soil samples will be collected using either a truck-mounted, hollow-stem auger-rig with acore-barrel or by air rotary drilling methods, utilizing a split-spoon. These boreholes willthen be converted to monitor wells. Methods for collection of soil samples are presentedin the SOPs included in the QAPP.

All boreholes/monitor well pilot holes will be sampled continuously until the weatheredSaprolite is first encountered (approximately 30 feet below ground surface (bgs)). Thetotal depths of the shallow borings and subsequent Potomac Group monitor wells willcoincide with the contact between base of the shallow water-bearing unit and theunderlying Saprolite identified during the previous subsurface investigations.

Borings to be completed in the upper weathered Saprolite will be continuously sampledonce the surface casing has been installed and drilling continues. Total depth of theSaprolite borings and wells will be eleven feet below the contact with the overlyingPotomac Group (approximately 41 feet bgs). Drilling and logging of each boring will becompleted under the on-site supervision of a qualified RSA geologist.

Upon recovering the sampler from the boring, a portion of the sample will be placedimmediately into a clean, resealable, plastic bag. A clean, stainless-steel implement willbe used to place the soil in the bag. After allowing the bag to sit for a minimum of tenminutes, the headspace in the bag will be measured with a Flame lonization Detector andthe concentration recorded on the boring log.

The remainder of the soil sample will be divided with the clean implement to inspect forsedimentological content and evidence of contamination. This information will be recordedon a field boring log by the supervising geologist.

The sampling personnel will wear OSHA Level D personal protective equipment (PPE),including clean, disposable nitrile® gloves when conducting any sampling activities. Thesampling team will have access to Level C PPE should work conditions warrant theupgrade as outlined in the site Health and Safety Plan (HASP). The HASP will bedeveloped before starting the sampling activities.

Boring Abandonment and Spoils Management

After completing the soil collection activities at each location, any boring not converted toa monitoring well will be backfilled with bentonite chips and hydrated. A concrete plug willbe placed in the upper foot of any boring completed within a paved area. Cuttings andspoils generated during drilling and sampling activities will be placed in clean, 55-gallonsteel drums. Each drum will be labeled as to content and start/end dates of accumulation.The drums will be staged near the utility building. Transportation and disposal companies

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will be determined based upon analytical results.

Monitor Well Installation Methods

Monitor wells will be constructed of 2-inch ID, PVC, Schedule 40, threaded, flush-jointedcasing and screens. All well-screen slot width will be 0.010-inch. The sand pack will beinstalled around the entire screened interval to a level approximately one to two feet abovethe top of the screen. The sand pack will be poured down the annulus of the shallow wells.The sand pack will be sounded continuously with a weighted measuring tape to ensureaccurate placement. A bentonite-chip seal, at least 2-feet thick, will be installedimmediately above the completed sand pack. A bentonite-Portland cement slurry will betremmied into the boring. Monitor wells will be completed with above-grade covers andanchored in concrete pads with locking well caps.

Wells completed in the weathered Saprolite will be installed in the same manner as thePotomac Group wells described above, except that each of these six wells will be casedand cemented from the surface to the base of the Potomac Group sediments. Casing willconsist of either stainless steel or PVC blanks inserted in the annular space of a largediameter borehole and grouted in place. After the grout has set, drilling will continue foreleven feet. A ten feet long screen will be inserted and then sand-packed to one footabove the screened interval. The well will then be completed as described above. Theuse of the surface casing will minimize the risk of downward migration of contaminantsfrom the Potomac Group to the weathered Saprolite during drilling and after the well iscompleted.

Monitor Well Development

The new monitor wells and the previously installed monitor wells will be developed prior tosampling. Methods used for well development will vary depending on the total depth of thewell, amount of sediment accumulation in the well, and the rate of groundwater rechargeto the well. Well development methods will include manual bailing, air surging, or pumping,or other procedures outlined in the SOPs. Field parameters of pH, temperature, specificconductance (conductivity) and turbidity will be monitored during this process. Wells willbe developed until conductivity and turbidity measurements stabilize and groundwaterappears clear.

Groundwater Sampling Methods

Groundwater samples will be collected from existing wells (MW-1 through MW-8) and thewells installed during this investigation (MW-9 through MW-42 and S-1 through S-6). Thedocument titled "Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan" describes in detail thegroundwater sampling protocol that will be followed during the investigation. Prior tocollecting groundwater samples, each well will be purged by using micro-purgingtechniques. Sampling personnel will wear clean, disposable gloves during each phase ofsampling.

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General field parameters consisting of temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity, dissolvedoxygen, and redox will be recorded during purging and sampling activities to aid in ensuringthe effectiveness of purging, and for comparison with later sampling events. The meterswill be calibrated during each sampling day to ensure accurate measurement results.

Sample Testing, Handling, and Documentation

After the groundwater samples are collected, containerized, and labeled, they will be storedin a chilled, ice chest. The sample labels will include time and date of collection andsample location. This information will be transferred onto a chain-of-custody and request-for-analysis form. The coolers will then be transported to the selected analytical laboratory.

Soil and groundwater samples submitted for testing will be analyzed by Test Method 8240or 8260 for VOCs, Method 8270 for SVOCs, and Method Series 6000/7000 for total PPMsas outlined in the U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response documenttitled "SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes."

For QA/QC purposes, duplicate groundwater samples (5 % or a minimum of three) will besubmitted to a different analytical laboratory. The trip blank (prepared by the laboratorywith lab-grade deionized water) will be analyzed for VOCs, and the field blank(s), preparedby sampling team with deionized lab-grade water per day of groundwater sampling, willalso be analyzed for VOCs.

Decontamination Procedures

Sediment and surficial soil sampling equipment will be decontaminated by the followingprocedures.

1. Wash equipment with a non-phosphatic soap.2. Rinse with tap water.3. Rinse with isopropanol.4. Rinse with tap water.5. Rinse with 5% hydrochloric acid solution.6. Rinse with deionized water.

Isopropanol will be used to rinse organics from the equipment, and the dilute hydrochloricacid solution will be used to remove metals prior to the final rinse.

Subsurface drilling and sampling equipment will be decontaminated by use of a high-pressure steam-cleaner to thoroughly clean the sampling tools, drill rods, and augers aftercompleting each monitor well pilothole. Soil-inspection tools will be decontaminated witha solution of Liquinox® or Alconox® and distilled water and then rinsed with clean, distilledwater after each direct-push boring is completed. A temporary decontamination area willbe constructed for equipment washing activities. The rinsate will be transferred to 55-gallonsteel drums for disposition.

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Transportation and Disposal

Soil and fluids generated during this investigation will be staged in DOT-approved, 55-gallon, steel drums. Labels will be affixed to each drum describing the content (i.e.,development water, purge water, cuttings, etc.). The drums containing soil will besegregated by drilling location. The disposal facility type, i.e., hazardous vs. non-hazardous, and location will be determined after evaluating analytical test results.

Surveying

Upon completion of all monitor wells, each new and existing well will be surveyed by alicensed professional surveyor and will be located on a scale map of the facility. The northside of the top of the PVC casing of each well will be surveyed to the nearest 0.01 feet, andthe natural ground elevation at each well will be surveyed to the nearest 0.1 feet. Thesurveyor will also survey the site locating the perimeter boundaries, the former buildingfoundations, fences, the existing utility building, the trench system, and other immovablefeatures. A map will be prepared depicting these features along with the monitor wells.

Schedule

As shown in Table 1, field work will commence with the selection of final locations for themonitor wells, followed by site clearing and road maintenance. It is anticipated that drillingwill start the fourth week after receipt of approval of the work plan. The wells will becompleted in another five weeks. After completion and development of the wells,groundwater sampling will begin and will require at least six days. Samples will be picked-up at the site at least every other day, so all groundwater samples will be in the laboratoryby the end of the ninth week from authorization to proceed.

Surface soil, sediment, and surface water samples will be collected and submitted to thelaboratory when drilling commences the fourth week. This will allow five more weeks tocollect surface water samples in the event the CDD is dry during the scheduled samplingevent.

It is expected that laboratory data will be received five weeks after submission of the lastsample, and that one week will be required to verify the data and review laboratory QA/QCdata. During this period, the new wells will be surveyed and added to the site base map.RSA will also commence report preparations and review of field activities. It is expectedthat the final survey will be received by the end of the twelfth week. At that time, maps andcross-sections can begin to be prepared. The report will be completed by the end Week17 for internal review by GE personnel. After comments and modifications are made, thereport should be submitted to the EPA and MDE by the end of Week 20.

The sampling event scheduled for the three months after initial sampling event will beconducted during week 21. It will require approximately 12 more weeks to complete andsubmit the second report.

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TABLE 1

SCHEDULE FOR FIELD WORK & REPORT SUBMISSIONGE RAILCAR, ELKTON, MD

Weeks after Receipt of Work Plan Approval

PROJECT MILESTONE

Final Well Location Selection Based on Site SurveySite Clearing & RoadsMonitor Well InstallationsGroundwater SamplingSurficial Soil, Sediment & Surface Water SamplingReceipt of Surface Sample Lab DataVerifcation of Surface Lab DataWell Surveying & MappingReceipt of Laboratory DataVerifcation of Groundwater Lab DataReport PreparationInternal Report ReviewSubmission of Report to EPA & MDE

Second Groundwater Sampling Event

2 3 4

xx

x

x

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

xx

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APPENDIX

Groundwater Sampling and Analysis PlanGeneral Electric Railcar Repair Services Facility

Triumph Industrial ParkElkton, Cecil County, Maryland

August 9, 2001

AR101035


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page No.

1.0. INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 COORDINATION OF SAMPLING EVENTS 2

3.0 WATER LEVEL DATA 2

3.1 GROUNDWATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT 2

3.2 AIR MONITORING IN WELLS 3

3.3 DETECTION OF IMMISCIBLE LAYERS IN MONITORING WELLS ... 3

3.4 MONITORING WELL DEPTH MEASUREMENT 3

3.5 FIELD RECORDS 4

4.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION 4

4.1 LOW-FLOW/MICRO-PURGING 5

4.2 WELL SAMPLING 6

4.2.1 Sample Containers 6

4.2.2 Measurement of Field Parameters 6

4.2.3 Collection of Samples for Laboratory Analysis 6

4.3 FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC) 7

4.3.1 Trip Blank 7

4.3.2 Field Blank 7

5.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND HANDLING 8

6.0 SAMPLE DOCUMENTATION 8

6.1 SAMPLE LABELS 9

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Section

TABLE OF CONTENTS(CONCLUDED)

Page No.

6.2 SAMPLE SEALS 9

6.3 FIELD LOG BOOK and PURGING/SAMPLING INFORMATIONFORM 9

6.4 CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY RECORD 10

7.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 11

8.0 LABORATORY QA/QC 11

9.0 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES 11

10.0 EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST 12

11.0 REFERENCES 13

Figures 1 Site Location Map2 Purging/Sampling Information Form

AR101037


1.0. INTRODUCTION

This sampling and analysis plan (SAAP) presents the procedures for collecting andanalyzing groundwater sampling events at the General Electric Railcar Repair Services(GERRS) facility located in the Triumph Industrial Park, city of Elkton, Cecil County,Maryland. The groundwatersampling events are part of the Site Investigation (SI) activitiesundertaken by GERRS.

This document details purging and sampling activities utilizing the "minimum aerationmethod," or "low-flow micro-purging" methods to collect groundwater samples frommonitoring wells located at the GERRS facility.

This document contains procedures for:

* measuring static water levels in groundwater monitoring wells;

*• collecting groundwater samples from facility monitoring wells for field andlaboratory measurements;

*• preservation and handling of groundwater samples collected for laboratoryanalyses;

> analytical procedures;

> methods of sample documentation, including chain-of-custody protocol; and

>• field and laboratory quality assurance/quality control.

The sampling activities presented in this plan were developed using various U.S. EPA andindustry articles and publications. Selected articles published in Groundwater Monitoring& Remediation. Environmental Trade Fair Proceedings, 1996, Principles and Practices -Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater Seminar. 1997. USEPAGround Water Sampling Workshop, 1993 and USEPA Office of Research andDevelopment have been used to develop this SAAP. Selected references are provided atthe end of this SAAP. The U.S. EPA Groundwater Monitoring Technical EnforcementGuidance Document (TEGD), September 1986, U.S. EPA Test Methods for EvaluatingSolid Waste (SW-846), and the RCRA Ground-Water Monitoring: Draft TechnicalGuidance , November 1992, were used as guidance for developing the qualityassurance/quality control (QA/QC), analytical procedures and decontamination protocoldescribed herein. Other documents used for guidance in developing these procedures arenoted in the text as appropriate. This plan will be updated as necessary to reflect currentsampling and analysis procedures employed at the GERRS facility.

Additional information regarding sampling and analyses may be found in the QualityAssurance Project Plan (QAPP) prepared for the CAS I. This plan includes information on

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project management and project objectives, as well Standard Operating Procedures to beemployed during this investigation.

Deviations from the procedures discussed in this document may be required due tocircumstances arising during the course of a given sampling event. Deviations from thespecified program and the purpose for deviation will be clearly documented in the field.The deviations will be evaluated as soon as possible after the sampling event to evaluatethe validity of the results and determine if resampling is necessary.

2.0 COORDINATION OF SAMPLING EVENTS

Once an appropriate date for sampling has been set, the sampling event coordinator willnotify GERRS and Maryland Department of the Environmental (MDE), and US EPA Region3 representatives to provide the agencies the opportunity to observe sampling proceduresand/or split groundwater samples collected at the facility.

3.0 WATER LEVEL DATA

All monitoring wells located on the GERRS facility associated will the site investigation areto be measured during each groundwater sampling event (e.g. initial, quarterly or annual).These wells include MW-1 through MW-8 and the additional 40 monitor wells (MW-9

through MW-42 and S-1 through S-6) that will be installed as part of the CASI (Figure 1).Data measurement discussed in this section will be recorded on the Purging/SamplingInformation Form (Figure 2).

Each of the activities described below in Sections 3.1 through 3.5 will occur the day beforepurging and sampling to allow sediment to settle that may have been disturbed during themeasurement process.

3.1 GROUNDWATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT

Previous investigations and sampling events have identified noticeable "back-pressure"when removing the well caps; thus, the existing wells will be vented prior to the samplingevent to allow the water table/potentiometric surface to equilibrate prior to collecting andrecording depth measurements. Each of the new wells will be vented.

The static water levels will be measured in each facility monitoring well prior to purging andsampling water from the wells. The water levels will be measured with an electronic-probewater level sensor (E-line) or equivalent measuring device. The probe will be cleaned priorto use at each well as described in Section 10 Decontamination Procedures before eachuse so that it will not introduce potential contaminants into the well. The E-line will belowered down the well until the meter indicates the probe has contacted the water surface.The depth to water measurement will be referenced to the surveyed top of the well casing.The water levels will be measured to the nearest 0.01 foot.

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3.2 AIR MONITORING IN WELLS

The TEGD recommends that air space in each well head space be measured for organicvapors. Previous investigations at the GERRS facility identified organic vapors in the headspace of various monitoring wells in addition to contaminated groundwater. Therefore, allwells will be measured for organic vapors. The air space in the well casing will be sampledprior to commencing water-level measurements, well purging, or water sampling. The airin each wellhead will be sampled using a flame ionization detector (FID) or similarinstrument. Organic vapors will be measured by inserting the FID probe into the well assoon as the well cap has been removed. Organic vapor concentration levels detected inthe well will be recorded in the field log book in units of parts per million (ppm).

3.3 DETECTION OF IMMISCIBLE LAYERS IN MONITORING WELLS

Previous investigations have identified compounds, dissolved in the groundwater, withdensities lighter and heavier than water; therefore, an interface probe will be used todetermine the presence and measure the thickness of any immiscible, non-aqueous phaseliquid (NAPL) in each well. Because it is imperative to minimize mixing or disturbance ofthe water column, NAPL detection measurements will be conducted during the water-levelmeasurement activities rather than during the purging and sampling activities. The probewill be lowered to the bottom of each well to carefully identify the depth and thickness ofthe immiscible layer (if present). The depth to liquid measurements will be referenced fromthe top of casing.

If a NAPL is identified in a well (dense or "sinker"; light or "floater") a bailer with a bottomcheck valve will be used to collect a sample. Once the sample has been collected, it willbe analyzed for selected organic chemical parameters based on previous analytical testresults.

3.4 MONITORING WELL DEPTH MEASUREMENT

After completion and development (new wells) or purging (existing wells), and during eachsubsequent sampling event, the depth to the bottom of each well casing will be measured,to determine if an appreciable amount of sediment has settled in the bottom of the well,thereby affecting general water quality or obstructing the lower portion of the screenedinterval of the well. Because it is imperative to minimize mixing or disturbance of the watercolumn, total depth measurements will be conducted during the initial water-levelmeasurement activities.

The depth of the well will be measured using the E-line. The depth measurement will bereferenced to the top of the well casing. The measured depth will be compared to theoriginal depth documented on the well completion log and/or the previous sampling eventPurging/Sampling Information Form (Figure 2). If a significant difference is identified (e.g.,

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> 0.25 feet), the sediments will be removed from the well in order to provide representativesampling results.

The sediments may be removed by bailing or pumping the well. Water removed from thewell will be staged in containers, i.e., 55-gallon drums, so that an estimate of the amountof sediment and a description of the material can be made and recorded. Bailing orpumping will be repeated until the sediments are removed. Purged water will be stagedin a secured area (i.e., utility building) and disposed once an appreciable volume of purgedwater has been accumulated. Disposal (and transportation) documents will be includedin the appropriate project report.

3.5 FIELD RECORDS

All fluid, total depth and sediment (if present) level measurements will be recorded twice:1) the field log book and 2) well-specific Purging/Sampling Information Form. Particularcare will be taken to accurately record units of measurement and the reference points fromwhich the measurements were made. Field measurements of water levels will be used tocalculate groundwater elevations.

4.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION

The following sections describe procedures to collect groundwater samples from the facilitymonitoring wells. Each of the eight existing monitoring wells (MW-1 through MW-8) andthe CASI wells (MW-9 through MW-42 and S-1 through S-6) will be sampled twice. Thefirst sampling event will be conducted after the CASI wells have been constructed anddeveloped. A follow-up sampling event will be completed three months later.

Each day's events will be recorded on the well-specific Purging/Sampling Information Formby the sampling team. All pertinent information will be recorded including: condition of wellpad and stick-up; well evacuation volumes; time and date of sample collection, etc.

In addition, a number of duplicate samples equivalent to 5% of the total number of wellswill be collected per event. At a minimum, three duplicate samples will be collected.

4.1 LOW-FLOW/MICRO-PURGING

Selected articles have been used to develop the low-flow/micro-purging procedures usedfor this SAAP. These references are cited in the Reference Section of this report. Project-specific well evacuation procedures for this SAAP are presented below.

1) Subject to future revisions, on the day that field measurements areconducted as described above, a small, low -flow, submersible or bladderpump with clean low-density polyethylene tubing will be inserted to the mid-section of the screened interval (if fully saturated) or mid-section of the water

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2)

column (if less than screen length). Prior to installing, the equipment shallbe triple-rinsed with either distilled or deionized water. The pump and tubingshall be installed in such a manner as to minimize disturbance or mixing ofthe stagnant water column. After the pump has been placed at the properdepth, ample time (i.e, a minimum of one hour) will be allowed for thegroundwater system to equilibrate. Another depth-to-water measurement willconfirm equilibration.

A minimum of one volume of the water column within the downhole tubingshall be purged prior to commencing field parameter measurements;measurements shall be recorded every three to five minutes untilstabilization criteria have been met.

Field Parameters

Dissolved Oxygen

Turbidity

Conductivity

pH

Temperature

Eh / Redox

Drawdown

Stabilization Criteria

±10%

±10%NTU

3% of Full Scale Range

0.10 pH unit

0.2 °C; 0.36 °F

±10%

< 1 0% of Screen Length

3) The micro-purging rate shall not exceed a flow rate that causes the water-level/potentiometric surface to drop more than 10% of the screen length (i.e.,<0.9 feet, or 10.8 inches, for a screen 9-feet long). Optimal micro-purgingrate should range between 0.1 liters per minute (L/minute) to 0.5 L/minute.Flow rate shall be measured by either an in-line/flow-through meter or acalibrated container and timer. It is important to note that the optimal flowrate for each well should be recorded for future sampling events.

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4.2 WELL SAMPLING

The facility monitoring wells will be sampled immediately after field parametermeasurements have stabilized within the appropriate ranges shown above. Samplingpersonnel will use dedicated, disposable latex or nitrile gloves during each phase ofsampling.

4.2.1 Sample Containers

Containers used to transport groundwater samples for laboratory analyses will be providedby the laboratory performing the analyses. The bottles will be prepared by the laboratoryaccording to U.S. EPA specifications for environmental sampling as described in "TestMethods for Evaluating Solid Waste," EPA SW-846. The bottles will not be opened untilthey are to be filled with the groundwater sample. The samples will be analyzed for volatileorganic compounds (VOCs), semivolatile compounds (SVOCs), and total Priority PollutantMetals (PPMs) by method 8240 or 8260, 8270, Series 6000/7000, respectively.

The following table lists the containers, preservatives, and holding times for groundwatersamples.

Analvtes Container Preservative Holding TimeVOCs 2-40 ml glass vials HCL to pH<2/cool 4C 14 daysSVOCs 1 liter amber glass cool 4C extract in 7 daysMetals 250 ml plastic HNO3 pH < 2/cool 4C 6 months (28 days

for mercury)

4.2.2 Measurement of Field Parameters

The conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxygen reduction potential (Redox) meter,and turbidity meter(s) will be calibrated daily during each sampling event, using themanufacturer's procedure.

The final measurements of temperature, specific conductance, pH, DO, Redox, andturbidity of the groundwater in each well will be measured in the field immediately aftercollecting samples for laboratory analysis. Any sample odor and color of water will also benoted. The field parameter measurements will be recorded on the well-specificPurging/Sampling Information Form.

4.2.3 Collection of Samples for Laboratory Analysis

The samples collected during this project will be analyzed for VOCs, SVOCs, and totalPPMs, thus the sample containers will be filled with unfiltered water. Containers will notbe rinsed. Water will be collected from the well by using the same low-flow/micro-purgeequipment utilized to purge the monitoring well. The sampling flow rate shall not exceed

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AR101043


the purging flow rate. The sampling flow shall not exceed 0.25 L/minute. Bottles will befilled by slowly directing the water discharge onto the interior sidewall of the samplecontainer until a convex meniscus forms above the lip of the bottle. Once capped, thebottles containing groundwater for VOC analysis will be checked for air bubbles by turningthe bottle upside down, tapping the cap of the inverted bottle and visually inspecting thebottle for occurrence of air bubbles. If air bubbles are identified, the cap will be removedand the above process repeated until no air bubbles are noted in the bottle.

4.3 FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC)

The field QA/QC program includes collecting field and trip blanks. One trip blank will becollected during each sampling event. One field blank will be collected during each dayof the sampling event. Methods for collecting each blank are listed below.

4.3.1 Trip Blank

The trip blank will be used to detect and quantify potential organic chemical artifactsoccurring in the groundwater sample which originate from shipping and handling the bottlesets. One bottle set for VOCs will be filled with deionized water by the laboratory prior tofield mobilization. These bottles will be transported to the sampling location and returnedto the laboratory with the bottle sets used to transport groundwater samples. Theconcentration levels of any artifact found in the trip blank will be noted and compared tothe groundwater sample results.

4.3.2 Field Blank

One field blank shall be collected to detect and quantify potential organic chemical artifactsthat may be introduced to the sample during the sample collection process. The blank willbe collected by filling two, 40-milliliter, glass vials with deionized water. Deionized waterwill be supplied by the analytical laboratory performing the analyses. The field blank willbe analyzed for VOCs. The concentration levels of any artifacts found in the field blank willbe noted and compared to the groundwater sample results.

5.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND HANDLING

Sample preservation is intended to (1) retard biological action, (2) reduce absorptioneffects, and (3) retard volatilization. Methods which will be used to preserve and handlegroundwater samples collected at the GERRS facility will include refrigeration, storage instationary containers, protection from light, and laboratory added acids, i.e., HCL or HNO3.

After the sample bottles have been filled to capacity and securely capped, they will beplaced in resealable plastic bags and an insulated ice chest containing ice immediatelyafter collection. The samples will be transported to the on-site field office and stored untilthey are transported to the selected analytical laboratory.

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AR101044


Upon receipt of the samples, authorized laboratory personnel will store and/or prepare thesamples for analysis, taking into consideration sample holding times for the analyticalparameter of interest.

6.0 SAMPLE DOCUMENTATION

A sample documentation program will be implemented to track possession and handlingof water samples from the time of field collection through laboratory analysis. The programwill include:

> sample labels which clearly identify samples;

* sample ice chest seal to preserve the integrity of the sample from the timeit was collected until it is opened in the laboratory;

>• field log book and Purging/Sampling Information form to record informationabout each sample collection during each sampling event; and

> chain-of-custody and request-for-analysis form(s) to establish samplepossession from time of collection to analysis and serve as officialcommunication to the laboratory of the particular analysis required for eachsample.

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AR101045


6.1 SAMPLE LABELS

To prevent misidentification of samples, legible labels will be affixed to each samplecontainer. The labels will contain the following information:

facility/project identification numbersampling point identification name and/or numbername or initials of collectordate and time of collectionanalysis required (if space is available on label).

6.2 SAMPLE SEALS

In cases where samples are to be shipped off-site by commercial carrier, a security sealwill be affixed to the shipping container (i.e., ice chest) to aid in preventing the openingand/or disturbing the sample containers.

6.3 FIELD LOG BOOK and PURGING/SAMPLING INFORMATION FORM

A field log book and sampling information forms (Figure 2) will be maintained for allcollection activities, i.e., well purging, sample collection, and measuring field parameters.The following specific data will be documented where applicable:

name of collector(s)identification of sampling pointwell head space measurementdepth to water in wells (referenced from top of casing)well total depthwell yield characteristicswell evacuation methodpurge volumemethod of measuring immiscible layerthickness of immiscible layersample withdrawal procedurestype of sample containers usedpreservatives usedclimatic conditions including air temperaturesequence and time of field activities conductedresults of field parameter measurementsfield observations (broken lock, cracked casing, etc.)sample observations (color, odor, etc.)sediment thickness, if any.

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AR101046


6.4 CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY RECORD

The ability to demonstrate that the samples were obtained from the locations stated andreached the laboratory without alteration is important. Evidence of collection, shipment,laboratory receipt, and laboratory custody until completion of analyses must bedocumented. This documentation shall be evidenced on a Chain-of Custody (COC) formby the signatures of the individuals collecting, shipping, and receiving each sample. Theforms shall be provided by the selected laboratory.

A sample is considered to be in custody if it is:

>• in a person's possession;•> in view, after being in physical possession;» sealed so that no one can tamper with it, after having been in physical

custody; and*• in a secured area, restricted to authorized personnel.

COC forms will be used by all personnel to record collection and shipment of all samples.The COC procedure will be as follows:

*• The COC for all water samples and blanks shall be initiated in the field by theperson collecting the sample or blank. The names of the sampling team willbe listed on the form. Each sample will be assigned a unique identificationnumber that is entered on the form. Samples can be grouped for shipmentor transportation on a common form.

> A COC will be initiated in the field and will accompany each set of samplestransported or shipped to the laboratory.

> If the samples are shipped by commercial carrier, the COC will be sealed ina watertight container or bag, placed in the shipping container, and theshipping container sealed prior to giving it to the carrier. The carrier waybillshall serve as extension of the form between final field custodian and receiptin the laboratory.

> Upon receipt in the laboratory, a designated individual shall open theshipping containers, compare the contents with the completed form, and signand date the form. Any discrepancies shall be noted on the form.

> If discrepancies occur, the samples in question shall be segregated fromnormal sample storage, and the field personnel notified for clarification.

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AR101047


7.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

The analytical parameters, the test method for each parameter, and the test methoddetection limits applied to the groundwater samples and blanks collected at the GERRSfacility will be provided on the laboratory data sheets. The samples will be analyzed forvolatile organic compounds listed on the hazardous substance list in "EPA Test Methodsfor Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846." The selectedlaboratory will use the procedures described in this document for either Method 8240 orMethod 8260, Method 8270, and Series 6000/7000.

Any deviation from EPA-approved methods will be adequately justified to ensure that thequality of the test results meets the performance specification of the reference method.The method used must be fully documented to show that the method is accurate,reproducible, free of interference, and sensitive. The limit of detection for the methodshould also be established with both clean standards and by spiking samples to determinethe effect of the sample matrix.

8.0 LABORATORY QA/QC

The laboratory selected to analyze groundwater and blank samples collected at theGERRS facility will maintain a written QA/QC program which conforms, as a minimumstandard, with QA/QC protocol set forth in U.S. EPA's: Test Methods for Evaluating SolidWaste: Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846. A copy of the selected analyticallaboratory's QA/QC manual is included in the QAPP for this project.

9.0 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES

All sampling and measuring equipment, except water quality meters, will bedecontaminated by the following procedures. The equipment includes interphase probes,depth-to-water meters, and bladder pumps and tubing. Electronic meters will be cleanedwith a non-phosphatic soap and triple rinsed with deionized water only.

1. Wash equipment with a non-phosphatic soap.2. Rinse with tap water.3. Rinse with isopropanol.4. Rinse with tap water.5. Rinse with 5% hydrochloric acid solution.6. Rinse with deionized water.

Isopropanol will be used to rinse organics from the equipment, and the dilute hydrochloricacid solution will be used to remove metals prior to the final rinse.

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AR101048


10.0 EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST

Field Log Book

Binder with Purging/Sampling Information Forms, completed from previous events andblank ones for current event

2 water-level meters and/or interphase probes

2 pH/conductivity/temp meters

dissolved oxygen/oxygen reduction potential meter(s)

2 turbidity meters

1 FID

2 calibrated buckets/containers (metric and U.S. units)

stopwatch and/or watch with second hand

calculator

2 low-flow pumps (bladder or submersible)

appropriately sized polyethylene and tygon® tubing for purging and sampling pumps

sample containers, labels, chain-of-custody/sample-analysis-request forms, ice, andcoolers

packing supplies (zip-lock baggies, tape, bubble wrap)

decontamination supplies (Alconox®, Liquinox®, isopropanol, distilled water, buckets,brushes)

paper towels, trash bags, water jug, and ice chest (gatorade)

Tyvek® coveralls, disposable gloves (nitrile or latex) and work gloves, safety glasses,hearing protection, respirators with VOC cartridges, and steel-toed work boots

tool box with appropriate wrenches to remove well protector cover.

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11.0 REFERENCES

Council, Todd, 1996 . Guidelines for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling at Municipal SolidWaste Landfills in Texas, Groundwater Sampling Techniques. Texas Natural ResourceConservation Commission Environmental Trade Fair May 1996, Volume II.

Kearl, Peter M., Korte, Nic E., Stites, Mike, and Baker Joe, Fall 1994. Field Comparisonof Micropurging vs. Traditional Groundwater Sampling. Groundwater Monitoring &Remediation. Volume XIV, No. 4, pp 183-190.

Puls, Robert W., 1993. Use of Low-flow or Passive Sampling Techniques for SamplingGroundwater. EPA -Groundwater Sampling - A Workshop Summary, Dallas, Texas,November 30 - December 2, 1993. EPA/600/R-94/205. Robert S. Kerr EnvironmentalResearch Laboratory.

Puls, Robert W., Barcelona, MichaelJ., April 1996 Low-flow (Minimal Drawdown) Ground-Water Sampling Procedures. EPA - Ground Water Issue. EPA/540/S-95/504. Office ofSolid Waste and Emergency Response. Office of research and Development.

Sevee, John E., White, Carol A., and Maher David J., Spring 2000. An Analysis of Low-Flow Ground Water Sampling Methodology. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation.Volume XX. No. 2, pp 87-93.

Shanklin, D.E., Sidle, W.C., and Ferguson, M.E., Summer 1995. Micro-Purge Low-FlowSampling of Uranium-Contaminated Ground Water at the Fernald EnvironmentalManagement Project. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation. Volume XV, No. 3, pp 168-176.

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AR101050

PURGING/SAMPLING INFORMATION FORM

Site

GENERAL INFORMATION

Purging/Sampling Point ID (Well No.)

General Wellhead Condition Top of Casing Elev. (msl / re)

Project No.

ft. Weather

Static Water Level (ft btoc).

Sediment Thickness

FLUID LEVEL/WELL DEPTH MEASUREMENTS

TD (ft btoc) Previous TD (ft btoc) Static Water Level Elev. (msl / re) ft.

Top of Screen (ft btoc)

Measured By

. ft. Sediment Description.

Screen Length

Sediment Removal Method Obstructed: Yes / No

(ft.) x 0.10.

Well TD - Static Water Level

Well Headspace Reading (ppm or %)

PURGE DATA

Macro Volume Calculations

. = Water Column ft. x 0.17 (2 in.) or 0.66 (4 in.).

. maximum drawdown during micropurging

Date/Time

x 3 gallons or . x 5 gallons

Well TD - Static Water Level = Water Column

Micro Volume Calculation

ft. x 0.00118 = _ gallons x 3.785 liters to remove prior to first parameter measurement

Turbidity /pH/Color/ OdorStart Stop Volume SpecificDate Time Time (Gallons/liters) Conductance

Purae Volume 1

Purge Volume 2

Purae Volume 3

Purae Volume 4

Purae Volume 5

Purae Volume 6

Purae Volume 7

Purae Volume 8

Purae Volume 9

Total Volume

Dissolved Oxygen/ TemperatureRedox (C°/F°)

Sample ID No. Date/Time Sampled By.

SAMPLING DATA

Method Preservative .Filtered: yes / no

Time Temperature

FIELD PARAMETERS (After Sample Collection)

(' C / °F) Specific Conductance. (umhos/cm) PH. . (std units)

Rosengarten, Smith & Associates. Increvised 7/01

AR101051

PURGING/SAMPLING INFORMATION FORM(continued)

Interface Measurements From

a) Air-light liquid

b) Light liquid water

c) Dense liquid

d)TD

e) Thickness of light liquid (b - a)

f) Thickness of dense liquid (d - c)

ftbtoc

NAPL MEASUREMENTS

Elevation ( msl / re ) ft.

.ft.

ft.

Comments

COMMENTS

Abbreviations

btoc = Below Top of Casing

re = Elevation relative to site-specific datum

msl = Elevation relative to mean sea level

TD = Total Depth in. = inch ft = feet / foot

Field Parameters

Dissolved Oxygen

Conductivity

PH

Turbidity

Temperature

Eh / Redox

Drawdown

Stabilization Criteria

±10% (if measuring)

3% of Full Scale Range

0.10 Standard Units

10N.T.U.

0.2 "C

Not Applicable

< 10% of Screen Length

Notes:

Purge/Sample Methods-

Teflon/PVC/HDPE Bailer & ID (in.)

Submersible/Diaphragm/Peristaltic Pump

Rosenganen. Smith & Associates. Inc 11/97

AR101052

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AR101053

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RSA Project No. 2017 · Surface water will be coHected in the laboratory jar by direct immersion if practicable. Otherwise, water will be collected in a wide-mouth, glass container