Upload
mitch-speeder
View
223
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
1/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
(a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve riskof collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows:
(i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the
wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other;
(ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to
windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward;
(iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward andcannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind
on the port or on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the
other.
(b) For the purpose of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the
side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a
square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.
1
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
2/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsTall ships
tallships.org 2
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
3/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Sailing yachts
mellowdolphin.com3
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
4/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Sailing yachts
mellowdolphin.com
4
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
5/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
General
Factors to consider if risk of collision exists:
!The point of sailing (the tack)
!The windward and leeward side
!The windward and leeward vessel
5
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
6/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsPoint of sailing
Side on which a vessel catches the wind
cruise-charter.net
6
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
7/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsMain points of sailingPort tack: the wind is on the port side and the sails are over the starboard
side
Starboard tack:the wind is on the starboard side and the sails are over
the port side
7
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
8/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsPort tack
bluecruiseyachtcharters.com 8
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
9/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Starboard tack
cyrg.com 9
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
10/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Main points of sailing
A sailing vessel can be on port tack and sail:
! clause hauled
! clause reaching
! beam reaching
! broad reaching! running
The same applies to starboard tack
10
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
11/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Close hauled
freespace.virgin.ne 11
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
12/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsClose reaching
macgregor26.com 12
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
13/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
morebutter.com
Close reaching
13
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
14/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Beam reaching
sailing.about.com 14
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
15/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsBroad reaching
sailing.about.com
15
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
16/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Running
macgregor26.com
16
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
17/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
General
freepages genealogy
Main types of rigging
17
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
18/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
General
freepages genealogy
Main types of rigging
18
l l l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
19/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Main sail and jib
Main types of rigging
boatnorth.com 19
l 2 S l l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
20/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Main sail and genoa
Main types of rigging
boatnorth.com 20
R l 12 S ili l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
21/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Mizen
Main types of rigging
cheoylee41.com 21
R l 12 S ili l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
22/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Spinnaker sailing
spinnaker-sailing 01
Main types of rigging
22
R l 12 S ili l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
23/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Windward and leeward side of vessel
Windward side: the side exposed to the windLeeward side: side opposite to the side exposed to the wind
Windward side
Leeward side
The windward side is also defined as the side opposite to the main sail side
23
R l 12 S ili l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
24/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Windward and leeward vessel
Windward vessel
Leeward vessel 24
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
25/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsThe port and starboard tack rule Rule 12 (a) (i)
25
R l 12 S ili l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
26/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsThe port and starboard tack rule Rule 12 (a) (i)
Both vessels have the wind on a different sideVessel A, which has the wind on her port side (the port tack vessel)
must keep out of the way of vessel B (the starboard tack vessel)
A B
Vessel A can alter course to starboard or to port, dependent on the wind direction
Vessel A shall take early and substantial action. Vessel B keeps her course andspeed
If vessel A passes on the port side of vessel B she shall pass at a rather largedistance not to fall without wind when abeam of B
Rule 14, Head-on situation does not apply to sailing ships 26
l 2 S l l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
27/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsThe port and starboard tack rule Rule 12 (a) (i)
27
R l 12 S ili l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
28/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsThe windward and leeward rule Rule 12 (a) (ii)
A
B
Both vessels have the wind on the
same side (Both are port tack vessels)
Vessel A is the windward vessel andmust take avoiding action if there is risk
of collision
Vessel A must take early and substantial
action
Vessel A shall avoid crossing vessel Bs
course and also avoid to cut her wind
28
R l 12 S ili l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
29/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsThe windward and leeward rule Rule 12 (a) (ii)
29
R l 12 S ili l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
30/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
The port tack rule for doubtful cases Rule 12 (a) (iii)
B
A
Vessel A has the wind on the
port side and sees vessel B to
windward.
Vessel A cannot see withcertainty whether vessel B has
the wind on the port or on the
starboard side.
Vessel A shall, according to Rule12 (a) (iii), keep out of the way
of vessel B
30
R l 12 S ili l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
31/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vesselsSailing vessels overtaking Rule 13 (a)
In accordance with Rule 13, any vessel overtaking another vesselmust keep clear of the other vessel.
Hence, a sailing vessel overtaking another sailing vessel must keep
clear of the other sailing vessel.
Rule 13 overrides Rule 12
A
B
Although both vessels are on port tack, vessel A is faster than vessel B and thusovertaking vessel B. Besides, vessel A is in the overtaking sector of vessel B
Conclusion: vessel A must keep clear of vessel B 31
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
32/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
! Windward side according to par. 12(b)
Side opposite to mainsail OR
For square-rigged vessel: side opposite to largestfore-and-aft sail
! Windward vessel
Vessel from which the wind is blowing
! Leeward vessel
Vessel toward which the wind is blowing
Summary
32
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
33/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
! Port and starboard tack rule
The port tack vessel keeps out of the way of
the starboard tack vessel
! Windward and leeward rule
The vessel to windward shall keep out of the
way of the vessel which is to leeward
! Port tack rule in case of doubt
The port tack vessel shall keep out of the way
Summary
33
R l 12 S ili l
7/24/2019 Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels
34/34
Rule 12 - Sailing vessels
Additional literature
More details can be found in the following textbook:
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions atSea by Capt. Pierre Deseck, Master mariner, M.Sc., FNI
The textbook can be bought online at the following address:
http://maritimeknowhow.com. Just click on books for details
34