Rulers of Japan

7/24/2019 Rulers of Japan

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I. Mladjov, Page 1/12

JAPAN (NIPPON)

According to tradition, the throne of Japan has remained in the hands of the same dynasty since the 7thcentury BC,

but modern historical analysis suggests that the first traditional monarch, Jinmu, if historical, commenced his reign in the

second half of the 1stcentury BC. Nintoku is considered the first plausibly historical ruler, but dates are not considered

certain until the reign of Kinmei. The early monarchs of the dynasty used various titles designating a great king (e.g.,Yamato-kimiand Wa-), and the traditional title tenn(designating a supreme monarch or emperor) seems to have

come into usage in the reign of Tenmu in the late 8thcentury. The term mikadodesignates the imperial government

rather than the emperor, akin to the use of the Sublime Porte in relation to the Ottoman Empire.

Buddhism was introduced from Korea in 552, and Chinese Confucian social, philosophical, and administrative

models followed in the 7thcentury, especially during the regency of Shtoku Taishi (died 621). Unlike their Chinese

counterparts, however, the rulers of Japan found their power constantly curtailed by powerful lords (the later daimyo)

who vied with each other for influence over the court and were supported by private armies of retainers (the later

samurai). In an effort to find more pliable monarchs, clan politics favored the succession of women and children and

frequently forced the abdication of rulers. During the Nara Period (with the capital at Nara/Heij, 710784, and

Nagaoka, 784794), abdications and succession of minors became a rule, and the court came to be dominated by theFujiwara clan. Retired rulers (who often took Buddhist monastic orders) could continue to exert influence at court, often

with greater freedom than incumbents. This pattern continued during the Heian Period (with capital at Heian/Kyto,

7941185) in which the ascendancy of the Fujiwara became complete by the clans monopoly on the regency (as kanpaku

or chancellors for adult rulers andsesshor regents for minors) from 880. This ascendancy was formally interrupted in

891930, when nosesshor kanpakuwas appointed, but the Fujiwaras held on to their dominant position in the state.

The clans hold on power weakened after 1068, when the tennattempted to reassert some of his control over

government; this development curiously entailed senior retired tenns (known as in, the institution being insei) wielding

considerable political authority in the place of reigning and usually underage tenns. The Fujiwara clan and its five

principal branches (the Konoe, Kuj, Takatsukasa, Nij, and Ichij families) continued to monopolize the now less

politically significant high offices ofsesshand kanpakuuntil 1868.

The suppression of the Hgen Insurrection in 1156 left the warrior clans of Taira and Minamoto supreme, but led to

increasing rivalry between them. The Taira triumphed after the Heiji Rising in 1160, and Taira Kiyomori dominated

Japan as military dictator for over two decades. After his death, however, Minamoto Yoritomo defeated the Taira in the

Genpei War (11801185), became military dictator, and was formally invested assei-i tai-shgun(generalissimo, usually

referenced simply asshgun), assuming control over the administration of Japan from Kamakura, while the emperors

court remained at Heian (Kyto). In various forms and under several different clans theshgunate (bakufu)would

continue to administer Japan until 1868. However, since Minamoto Yoritomos title passed to his underage sons, even the

shguns came under the protection of their own set of regents, theshikken, an office monopolized by the Hj clan 1199

1333. From 1252 to 1338shguns were chosen from among the sons of the tenn, but they did not wield real authority

until after the fall of the Hj clan. The two Mongol attempts to conquer Japan were repelled in 1274 and 1281.

The attempt of the tennGo-Daigo to assert the monarchs power over Japanese society undid the supremacy of theHj in the Genk War of 1333, but gave way to a new hereditaryshgunate founded by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336

1338. This resulted in a division of Japan between the Ashikaga-dominated Northern Court at Heian (Kyto) and Go-

Daigos Southern Court at Sumiyoshi in saka. The Ashikagashgunate (13361573) eliminated the Southern Court in

1392, and maintained closer control over the imperial government from its headquarters at Muromachi in Heian, than its

predecessor had from distant Kamakura. However, after the death of theshgunAshikaga Yoshimitsu in 1408, and

especially after the internecine nin War 14671477, the Ashikagashguns gradually lost effective power over the chief


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daimyoof the country. In this period the Ashikagashguns were largely eclipsed by their own representatives (kanrei)

from the Shiba, Hatakeyama, and especially Hosokawa families.

In 1573 the powerful warlord Oda Nobunaga deposed the last Ashikagashgunand, continuing to defeat recalcitrant

daimyo, dominated the land as great chancellor (daij-daijin)until his death in 1582. One of Oda Nobunagas retainers,

Toyotomi Hideyoshi completed the reunification of Japan as regent (kanpaku)in 1590, and Tokugawa Ieyasu established

himself as the first Tokugawashgunin 1603. This last development inaugurated the Edo Period (with theshgunscapital at Edo/Tky, 16031868), which at first brought considerable peace and prosperity to Japan, though it was

dominated by political conservatism and xenophobia. Decline set in during the 18thcentury, and Japan gradually and

reluctantly opened up to western trade initiatives in the 19thcentury, especially after 1854. Internal problems, dissention,

and external embarrassment undermined the prestige of the Tokugawashguns, while that of the tennincreased. Under

pressure from the daimyo, the last Tokugawashgunresigned and the tennassumed direct control of Japan, moving his

residence from Kyto to Tky.

In spite of the concentration of symbolic authority in the hands of the tenn, his power remained far from absolute.

The feudal system was abolished in 1871 and thesamuraiwere suppressed in 18761877. In spite of this Japan

embarked upon a program of rapid industrialization and modernization. In 1889 Japan acquired a constitution and a

bicameral parliament along western lines and in 1890 new civil, commercial, and criminal law codes were put into effect.In 1895 Japan defeated Qing China in Korea, and in 1905 it defeated Russia on both land and sea, effectively establishing

a protectorate over the Korean Peninsula (a formal protectorate was declared in 1907, followed by annexation in 1910).

In World War I Japan supplied the Allies with munitions and supplanted German commerce in East Asia. In 1931 Japan

occupied Manchuria and in 1932 set up a puppet state there under the last Qing emperor of China. In 1939 Japan joined

Germany and Italy in the Tripartite Pact, and during World War II it overran much of the Pacific and Indian Oceans,

until defeated by the United States in 1945. Shwa (Hirohito) publicly disclaimed the tenns traditional divinity in

1946, and a new, more liberal constitution came into effect in 1947.

Japanese monarchs are known by their posthumous names; beginning with the death of Meiji (Mutsuhito) in 1912,

the posthumous name is always the same as the era name used by the tennduring his life (in earlier periods the era

names had changed at intervals, often within a single reign). In the list below emperors are listed by the years of their

reign (not era), posthumous names (even if shared with an era name), and personal names (where known).

Monarchs

Yamato Period 40BCAD710

c.4010 BC Jinmu son of Hikonagisa, son of Hikohohodemi, son of Ninigi, son of Ame, son of the sun-goddess

Amaterasu

c.10 BCAD20 Suizei son of Jinmu

c.2050 Annei son of Suizei

c.5080 Itoku son of Annei

c.80110 Ksh son of Itoku

c.110140 Kan son of Ksh

c.140170 Krei son of Kan

c.170200 Kgen son of Krei

c.200230 Kaika son of Kgen

230258 Sujin son of Kaika


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258290 Suinin son of Sujin

290322 Keik son of Suinin

322355 Seimu son of Keik

355362 Chai son of Yamatotakeru, son of Keik

362394 jin posthumous son of Chai; mother Jing regent

394427 Nintoku son of jin

427432 Rich son of Nintoku

432437 Hanzei son of Nintoku

437454 Ingy son of Nintoku

454457 Ank son of Ingy

457489 Yryaku son of Ingy

489494 Seinei son of Yryaku

494497 Kenz son of Iwasaka, son of Rich

497504 Ninken brother of Kenz

504510 Buretsu son of Ninken510527 Keitai (do)1 son of Hikonushi, son of Ohi, son of Ohohodo, son of Wakanuke, son of jin

527535 Ankan son of Keitai

535539 Senka son of Keitai

539571 Kinmei son of Keitai by Tashiraka, daughter of Ninken

571585 Bidatsu son of Kinmei

585587 Ymei (Tachibana) son of Kinmei

587592 Sushun (Hatsusebe) son of Kinmei

592628 Suiko (Nukatabe) daughter of Kinmei; widow of Bidatsu; regency of Shtoku Taishi

628641 Jomei (Tamura) son of Oshisaka Hikohito, son of Bidatsu641645 Kgyoku (Takara) daughter of Chinu, brother of Jomei; widow of Jomei; abdicated

645654 Ktoku (Karu) brother of Kgyoku

654661 Saimei (Takara) restored (previously Kgyoku)

661672 Tenji (Naka) son of Jomei and Saimei

672 Kbun (tomo) son of Tenji

672686 Tenmu (ama) son of Jomei, and Saimei; first to employ title tenn

686697 Jit (Unonosarara) daughter of Tenji; widow of Tenmu; abdicated, died 703

697707 Monmu (Karu) son of Genmei (below), by Kusakabe, son of Tenmu and Jit

Nara Period 710794

707715 Genmei (Ahe) daughter of Tenji; mother of Monmu; abdicated, died 721

715724 Gensh (Hitaka) sister of Monmu; abdicated, died 748

724749 Shmu (Obito) son of Monmu; abdicated, died 756

749758 Kken (Abe) daughter of Shmu; abdicated

758764 Junnin2(i) son of Toneri, son of Tenmu; deposed, died 765

1Husband of Tashiraka, daughter of Ninken.


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764770 Shtoku (Abe) restored (previously Kken)

770781 Knin (Shirakabe) son of Shiki, son of Tenji; abdicated, died 782

Heian Period 7941185

781806 Kanmu (Yamabe) son of Knin

806809 Heizei (Ote) son of Kanmu; abdicated, died 824

809823 Saga (Kamino) son of Kanmu; abdicated, died 842

823833 Junna3(tomo) son of Kanmu; abdicated, died 840

833850 Ninmy (Masara) son of Saga; abdicated, died 850

850858 Montoku (Michiyasu) son of Ninmy

858879 Seiwa4(Korehito) son of Montoku; abdicated, died 880

879884 Yzei (Sadaakira) son of Seiwa; deposed, died 949

884887 Kk5(Tokiyasu) son of Ninmy

887897 Uda (Sadami) son of Kk; abdicated, died 931

897930 Daigo (Atsuhito) son of Uda; abdicated, died 930

930946 Suzaku (Yutaakira) son of Daigo; abdicated, died 952946967 Murakami (Nariakira) son of Daigo

967969 Reizei (Norihira) son of Murakami; abdicated, died 1011

969984 En'y (Morihira) son of Murakami; abdicated, died 991

984986 Kazan (Morosada) son of Reizei; abdicated, died 1008

9861011 Ichij (Yasuhito) son of En'y

10111016 Sanj (Okisada) son of Reizei; abdicated, died 1017

10161036 Go-Ichij (Atsuhira) son of Ichij

10361045 Go-Suzaku (Atsunaga) son of Ichij; abdicated, died 1045

10451068 Go-Reizei (Chikahito) son of Go-Suzaku10681073 Go-Sanj (Takahito) son of Go-Suzaku by Sadako, daughter of Sanj; abdicated, died 1073

10731087 Shirakawa (Sadahito) son of Go-Sanj; abdicated (in10871129), died 1129

10871107 Horikawa (Taruhito) son of Shirakawa

11071123 Toba (Munehito) son of Horikawa; abdicated (in11291156), died 1156

11231142 Sutoku (Akihito) son of Toba; abdicated, died 1164

11421155 Konoe (Narihito) son of Toba

11551158 Go-Shirakawa (Masahito) son of Toba; abdicated (in11581192), died 1192

11581165 Nij (Morihito) son of Go-Shirakawa; abdicated, died 1165

11651168 Rokuj (Nobuhito) son of Nij; abdicated, died 1176

11681180 Takakura (Norihito) son of Go-Shirakawa; abdicated, died 1181

11801185 Antoku (Tokihito) son of Takakura

2Also known as Haitei.3Also known as Sai.4Also known as Mizunoo.5Also known as Komatsu.


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Kamakura Period 11851333

11851198 Go-Toba (Takahira) son of Takakura; rival since 1183; abdicated (in 11981221), died 1239

11981210 Tsuchimikado (Tanehito) son of Go-Toba; abdicated, died 1231

12101221 Juntoku (Morinari) son of Go-Toba; abdicated, died 1242

1221 Chky6(Kanenari) son of Juntoku; deposed, died 1234

12211232 Go-Horikawa (Yutahito) son of Morisada (Go-Takakura,7in12211223), son of Takakura;

abdicated, died 1234

12321242 Shij (Mitsuhito) son of Go-Horikawa

12421246 Go-Saga (Kunihito) son of Tsuchimikado; abdicated (in12461272), died 1272

12461260 Go-Fukakusa (Hisahito) son of Go-Saga; abdicated (in12871289), died 1304

12601274 Kameyama (Tsunehito) son of Go-Saga; abdicated (in12741287), died 1305

12741287 Go-Uda (Yohito) son of Kameyama; abdicated (in13011308 and 13181321), died 1324

12871298 Fushimi (Hirohito) son of Go-Fukakusa; abdicated (in12981301 and 13081313), died 1317

12981301 Go-Fushimi (Tanehito) son of Fushimi; abdicated (in13131318), died 1336

13011308 Go-Nij (Kuniharu) son of Go-Uda13081318 Hanazono (Tomihito) son of Fushimi; abdicated, died 1348

13181331 Go-Daigo (Takaharu) son of Go-Uda; deposed

13311333 Kgon (Kazuhito) son of Go-Fushimi; deposed (inin North 13481351), died 1364

Kenmu Restoration 13331336 and Southern Court 13361392

13331339 Go-Daigo (Takaharu) restored; retreated to Sumiyoshi as ruler of the Southern Court

13391368 Go-Murakami (Noriyoshi) son of Go-Daigo

13681383 Chkei (Yutanari) son of Go-Murakami; abdicated, died 1394

13831392 Go-Kameyama (Hironari) son of Go-Murakami; abdicated, died 1424

Northern Court 13361392 and Muromachi Period 13921573

13361348 Kmy (Yutahito) son of Go-Fushimi; ruled from Heian; abdicated, died 1380

13481351 Suk (Okihito8) son of Kgon; captured by the Southern Court, died 1398

13521371 Go-Kgon (Iyahito) son of Kgon; abdicated (in13711374), died 1374

13711382 Go-En'y (Ohito) son of Go-Kgon; abdicated (in 13821393), died 1393

13821412 Go-Komatsu (Motohito) son of Go-En'y; empire reunited 1392; abdicated (in14121433),

died 1433

14121428 Shko (Mihito) son of Go-Komatsu

14281464 Go-Hanazono (Hikohito9) son of Sadafusa (Go-Suk), son of Yoshihito, son of Suk; abdicated

(in14641471), died 1471

14641500 Go-Tsuchimikado (Naruhito) son of Go-Hanazono15001526 Go-Kashiwabara (Katsuhito) son of Go-Tsuchimikado

15261557 Go-Nara (Tomohito) son of Go-Kashiwabara

6Also known as Go-Haitei.7Go-Takakura had never reigned as tenn, but was named inby theshgunate.8Originally Masuhito.9Adopted by either Go-Komatsu or Shko.


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Azuchi-Momoyama Period 15731603

15571586 gimachi (Michihito) son of Go-Nara; abdicated, died 1593

Edo Period 16031868

15861611 Go-Yzei (Katahito10) son of Masahito, son of gimachi; abdicated, died 1617

16111629 Go-Mizunoo (Kotohito) son of Go-Yzei; abdicated (in 16291643), died 1680

16291643 Meish (Okiko) daughter of Go-Mizunoo; abdicated, died 1696

16431654 Go-Kmy (Tsuguhito) son of Go-Mizunoo

16541663 Go-Sai (Nagahito) son of Go-Mizunoo; abdicated, died 1685

16631687 Reigen (Satohito11) son of Go-Mizunoo; abdicated (in16871709 and 17101713), died 1732

16871709 Higashiyama (Asahito) son of Reigen; abdicated (in17091710), died 1710

17091735 Nakamikado (Yasuhito) son of Higashiyama; abdicated, died 1737

17351747 Sakuramachi (Teruhito) son of Nakamikado; abdicated, died 1750

17471762 Momozono (Thito) son of Sakuramachi

17621771 Go-Sakuramachi (Toshiko) daughter of Sakuramachi; abdicated, died 1813

17711779 Go-Momozono (Hidehito) son of Momozono17791817 Kkaku (Tomohito12) son of Sukehito, son of Naohito, son of Higashiyama; abdicated, died 1840

18171846 Nink (Ayahito) son of Kkaku

18461867 Komei (Osahito) son of Nink

Modern Period 1868

18671912 Meiji (Mutsuhito) son of Komei

19121926 Taish (Yoshihito) son of Meiji

19261989 Shwa (Hirohito) son of Taish; regent since 1921

1989 Heisei13(Akihito) son of Shwa

Civilian and Military Dictators (regents,shguns, and chancellors)

Fujiwara regents (sessh) and chancellors (kanpaku) in the Heian and Kamakura Periods

858872 Fujiwara Yoshifusa son of Fujiwara Fuyutsugu;sessh

872890 Fujiwara Mototsune son of Nagayoshi, brother of Yoshifusa;sessh872, kanpaku880; retired, died 891

891909 Fujiwara Tokihira son of Mototsune; posthumouslysessh909

909930 (no Fujiwara regents, chancellors, or imperial inspectors)

930949 Fujiwara Tadahira son of Mototsune;sessh930, kanpaku941

949970 Fujiwara Saneyori son of Tadahira; kanpaku967,sessh969

970972 Fujiwara Koretada son of Morosuke, brother of Saneyori;sessh

972977 Fujiwara Kanemichi brother of Koretada; kanpaku; retired, died 977

977986 Fujiwara Yoritada son of Saneyori; kanpaku; retired, died 989

10Originally Kazuhito.11Adopted by Go-Kmy.12Originally Morohito; adopted by Go-Momozono; husband of Yoshiko daughter of Go-Momozono.13During the emperors lifetime, this is only the era name, but it becomes the posthumous name after his death.


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986990 Fujiwara Kaneie brother of Kanemichi;sessh986, kanpaku990; retired, died 990

990995 Fujiwara Michitaka son of Kaneie; kanpaku990,sessh990, kanpaku993; retired, died 995

995 Fujiwara Michikane son of Kaneie; kanpaku

9951017 Fujiwara Michinaga son of Kaneie;sessh1016; retired, died 1028

10171068 Fujiwara Yorimichi son of Michinaga;sessh1017, kanpaku1020; retired, died 1074

10681075 Fujiwara Norimichi son of Michinaga; kanpaku

10751094 Fujiwara Morozane son of Yorimichi; kanpaku1075,sessh1086, kanpaku1090; retired, died 1101

10941099 Fujiwara Moromichi son of Morozane; kanpaku

10991121 Fujiwara Tadazane son of Moromichi; kanpaku1105,sessh1107, kanpaku1113; resigned, died 1162

11211158 Fujiwara Tadamichi son of Tadazane; kanpaku1121,sessh1123, kanpaku1129,sessh1141,

kanpaku1150; resigned, died 1164

11581166 Konoe Motozane son of Fujiwara Tadamichi; kanpaku1158,sessh1165

11661179 Fujiwara Motofusa son of Fujiwara Tadamichi;sessh1166, kanpaku1172; retired, died 1230

11791183 Konoe Motomichi son of Konoe Motozane; kanpaku1179,sessh1180, deposed

11831184 Matsudono Moroie son of Fujiwara Motofusa;sessh; deposed, died 123811841186 Konoe Motomichi restored assessh, deposed

11861196 Kuj Kanezane son of Fujiwara Tadamichi;sessh1186, kanpaku1191; replaced, died 1207

11961202 Konoe Motomichi restored as kanpaku1196,sessh1198; resigned, died 1233

12021206 Kuj Yoshitsune son of Kuj Kanezane;sessh

12061221 Konoe Iezane son of Konoe Motomichi;sessh1206, kanpaku1206; replaced

1221 Kuj Michiie son of Kuj Yoshitsune;sessh; replaced

12211228 Konoe Iezane restored assessh1221, kanpaku1223; retired, died 1242

12281231 Kuj Michiie restored as kanpaku; replaced

12311235 Kuj Norizane son of Kuj Michiie; kanpaku1231,sessh123212351237 Kuj Michiie restored assessh; replaced, died 1252

12371242 Konoe Kanetsune son of Konoe Iezane;sessh1237, kanpaku1242; replaced

12421246 Nij Yoshizane son of Kuj Michiie; kanpaku; replaced

12461247 Ichij Sanetsune son of Kuj Michiie; kanpaku1246,sessh1246

12471252 Konoe Kanetsune restored assessh; replaced, died 1259

12521261 Takatsukasa Kanehira son of Konoe Iezane;sessh1252; kanpaku1254

12611265 Nij Yoshizane restored as kanpaku; replaced, died 1270

12651267 Ichij Sanetsune restored as kanpaku; replaced, died 1284

12671268 Konoe Motohira son of Konoe Kanetsune; kanpaku

12681273 Takatsukasa Mototada son of Takatsukasa Kanehira; kanpaku; replaced, died 1313

12731274 Kuj Tadaie son of Kuj Norizane; kanpaku1273,sessh1274; replaced, died 1275

12741275 Ichij Ietsune son of Ichij Sanetsune;sessh; replaced, died 1293

12751287 Takatsukasa Kanehira restored assessh1275; kanpaku1278; retired, died 1294

12871289 Nij Morotada son of Nij Yoshizane; kanpaku; replaced, died 1341

12891291 Konoe Iemoto son of Konoe Motohira; kanpaku; replaced


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12911293 Kuj Tadanori son of Kuj Tadaie; kanpaku; replaced, died 1332

12931296 Konoe Iemoto restored as kanpaku

12961298 Takatsukasa Kanetada son of Takatsukasa Kanehira; kanpaku1296,sessh1298; retired, died 1301

12981305 Nij Kanemoto son of Nij Yoshizane; adopted by Morotada;sessh1298, kanpaku1300; replaced,

died 1334

13051308 Kuj Moronori son of Kuj Tadanori; kanpaku1305;sessh1308; replaced, died 1320

13081313 Takatsukasa Fuyuhira son of Takatsukasa Kanetada; adopted by Mototada;sessh1308, kanpaku

1311; replaced

13131315 Konoe Iehira son of Konoe Iemoto; kanpaku; replaced, died 1324

13151316 Takatsukasa Fuyuhira restored as kanpaku; replaced

13161318 Nij Michihira son of Nij Kanemoto; kanpaku; replaced

13181323 Ichij Uchitsune son of Ichij Uchisane, son of Ichij Ietsune; kanpaku; replaced, died 1325

13231324 Kuj Fusazane son of Kuj Tadanori; adopted by Moronori; kanpaku; replaced, died 1327

13241327 Takatsukasa Fuyuhira restored as kanpaku

13271330 Nij Michihira restored as kanpaku; replaced, died 13351330 Konoe Tsunetada son of Konoe Iehira; kanpaku; replaced, died 1352

13301333 Takatsukasa Fuyunori son of Takatsukasa Mototada; adopted by Fuyuhira; kanpaku; replaced,

died 1337

Taira dictators

11601181 Taira Kiyomori son of Taira Tadamori, son of Masamori, son of Masahira, son of Masanori, son of

Korehira, son of Sadamori, son of Kunika, son of Takamochi, son of Takami, son of Katsurabara,

son of Kanmu-tenn; daij-daijin11671169

11811185 Taira Munemori son of Kiyomori; captured, executed 1185

Kamakura Shgunate (Bakufu)

11851199 Minamoto Yoritomo son of Minamoto Yoshitomo, son of Tameyoshi, son of Yoshichika, son of

Yoshiie, son of Yoriyoshi, son of Yorinobu, son of Mitsunaka, son of Tsunemoto, son of

Sadazumi, son of Seiwa-tenn;shgun (sei-i tai-shgun)1192

11991203 Minamoto Yoriie son of Minamoto Yoritomo; installed 1202; deposed, died 1204

12031219 Minamoto Sanetomo son of Minamoto Yoritomo

12191244 Kuj Yoritsune14 son of thesesshKuj Michiie; installed 1226; resigned, died 1256

12441252 Kuj Yoritsugu son of Kuj Yoritsune; deposed, died 1256

12521266 Munetaka son of Go-Saga-tenn; deposed, died 127412661289 Koreyasu son of Munetaka; deposed, died 1326

12891308 Hisaaki son of Go-Fukakusa-tenn; deposed, died 1328

13081333 Morikuni son of Hisaaki; deposed, died 1333

14Husband of Take Gosho, daughter of Minamoto Yoriie.


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Hj regents of the Kamakura Shgunate

11991205 Hj Tokimasa15 son of Hj Tokiie;shikkenfor theshguns; resigned, died 1215

12051224 Hj Yoshitoki son of Tokimasa

12241242 Hj Yasutoki son of Yoshitoki

12421246 Hj Tsunetoki son of Tokiuji, son of Yasutoki

12461256 Hj Tokiyori brother of Tsunetoki; deposed, died 1263

12561264 Hj Nagatoki son of Shigetoki, son of Yoshitoki

12641268 Hj Masamura son of Yoshitoki; resigned, died 1273

12681284 Hj Tokimune son of Tokiyori

12841301 Hj Sadatoki son of Tokimune; resigned, died 1311

13011311 Hj Morotoki son of Munemasa, son of Tokiyori

13111312 Hj Munenobu son of Nobutoki, son of Tomonao, son of Tokifusa, son of Tokimasa

13121315 Hj Hirotoki son of Tametoki, son of Tokimura, son of Masamura

13151316 Hj Mototoki son of Tokinari, son of Naritoki, son of Shigetoki; resigned, died 1333

13161326 Hj Takatoki son of Sadatoki; resigned, died 13331326 Hj Sadaaki son of Akitoki, son of Sanetoki, son of Saneyasu, son of Yoshitoki; resigned, died 1333

13271333 Hj Moritoki son of Hisatoki, son of Yoshimune, son of Nagatoki

Kenmu Shgunate (Bakufu)

13331334 Morinaga son of Go-Daigo-tenn; captured by the Ashikaga, died 1335

13341338 Narinaga brother of Morinaga; deposed, died 1338

Muromachi or Ashikaga Shgunate (Bakufu)

13381358 Ashikaga Takauji son of Ashikaga Sadauji, son of Ietoki, son of Yoriuji, son of Yasuuji, son ofYoshiuji, son of Yoshikane, son of Yoshiyasu, son of Yoshikuni, son of Yoshiie, son of Yoriyoshi,

son of Yorinobu, son of Mitsunaka, son of Tsunemoto, son of Sadazumi, son of Seiwa-tenn

13581367 Ashikaga Yoshiakira son of Takauji

13671394 Ashikaga Yoshimitsu son of Yoshiakira; installed 1368; resigned, died 1408

13941423 Ashikaga Yoshimochi son of Yoshimitsu; resigned

14231425 Ashikaga Yoshikazu son of Yoshimochi

14251428 Ashikaga Yoshimochi restored (de facto)

14281441 Ashikaga Yoshinori son of Yoshimitsu; installed 1429

14411443 Ashikaga Yoshikatsu son of Yoshinori; installed 1442

14431473 Ashikaga Yoshimasa son of Yoshinori; installed 1449; resigned, died 149014731489 Ashikaga Yoshihisa son of Yoshimasa

14891493 Ashikaga Yoshitane son of Yoshimi, son of Yoshinori; installed 1490; deposed

14931508 Ashikaga Yoshizumi son of Masatomo, son of Yoshinori; installed 1494; deposed, died 1511

15081521 Ashikaga Yoshitane restored; deposed, died 1523

15Brother of Hj Masako, widow of Minamoto Yoritomo and mother of Minamoto Yoriie and Minamoto Sanetomo.


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15211546 Ashikaga Yoshiharu son of Yoshizumi; resigned, died 1550

15461565 Ashikaga Yoshiteru son of Yoshiharu

15651568 Ashikaga Yoshihide son of Yoshitsuna, son of Yoshizumi; installed 1568; deposed, died 1568

15681573 Ashikaga Yoshiaki son of Yoshiharu; deposed, died 1597

Kanrei of the Muromachi Shgunate

13621366 Shiba Yoshimasa son of Shiba Takatsune; kanrei; replaced

13671379 Hosokawa Yoriyuki son of Hosokawa Yoriharu; replaced, died 1392

13791391 Shiba Yoshimasa restored; replaced

13911393 Hosokawa Yorimoto adopted son of Hosokawa Yoriyuki; brother of Yoriyuki; replaced, died 1397

13931398 Shiba Yoshimasa restored; replaced, died 1410

13981405 Hatakeyama Motokuni son of Hatakeyama Yoshit; replaced, died 1406

14051409 Shiba Yoshishige son of Shiba Yoshimasa; replaced, died 1418

14091410 Shiba Yoshiatsu son of Shiba Yoshishige; replaced

14101412 Hatakeyama Mitsuie son of Hatakeyama Motokuni; replaced14121421 Hosokawa Mitsumoto son of Hosokawa Yorimoto; replaced, died 1426

14211429 Hatakeyama Mitsuie restored; replaced, died 1433

14291432 Shiba Yoshiatsu restored; replaced, died 1434

14321442 Hosokawa Mochiyuki son of Hosokawa Mitsumoto

14421445 Hatakeyama Mochikuni son of Hatakeyama Mitsuie; replaced

14451449 Hosokawa Katsumoto son of Hosokawa Mochiyuki; replaced

14491452 Hatakeyama Mochikuni restored; replaced, died 1455

14521464 Hosokawa Katsumoto restored; replaced

14641467 Hatakeyama Masanaga adopted son of Hatakeyama Mochikuni; son of Hatakeyama Mochitomi,son of Hatakeyama Mitsuie; replaced

14671468 Shiba Yoshikado son of Shibukawa Yoshikane, son of Shibukawa Mitsuyori by daughter of Shiba

Yoshimasa; replaced, died 1480

14681473 Hosokawa Katsumoto restored

14731486 Hatakeyama Masanaga restored 1473 and 1478; replaced

1486 Hosokawa Masamoto son of Hosokawa Katsumoto; replaced

14861487 Hatakeyama Masanaga restored; replaced, died 1493

14871507 Hosokawa Masamoto restored 1487, 1490, 1494

1507 Hosokawa Sumiyuki adopted son of Hosokawa Masamoto; son of Kuj Masamoto, son of Mitsuie,

son of Tsunenori, son of Michinori, son of the kanpakuKuj Moronori15071508 Hosokawa Sumimoto adopted son of Hosokawa Masamoto; son of Hosokawa Yoshiharu, son of

Shigeyuki, son of Kyy, son of Mitsuhisa, son of Mitsushi, brother of Hosokawa Yorimoto;

replaced, died 1520

15081525 Hosokawa Takakuni adopted son of Hosokawa Masamoto; son of Hosokawa Masaharu, son of

Kyharu, son of Mochiharu, son of Mitsukuni, son of Hosokawa Yorimoto; replaced

1525 Hosokawa Tanekuni son of Hosokara Takakuni


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1526 Hatakeyama Yoshitaka son of Hatakeyama Yoshihide, son of Yoshitoyo, son of Yoshinari, son of

Hatakeyama Mochikuni; replaced, died 1532

15261531 Hosokawa Takakuni restored; in exile from 1527

15321552 Hosokawa Harumoto son of Hosokawa Sumimoto; rival since 1527; installed 1536; in exile from

1549; replaced, died 1563

15521563 Hosokawa Ujitsuna adopted son of Hosokawa Takakuni; son of Hosokawa Tadakata, son of

Masakata, son of Masakuni, son of Mochiharu, son of Mitsukuni, son of Hosokawa Yorimoto;

replaced, died 1564

Azuchi and Momoyama Hegemony

15731582 Oda Nobunaga son of Oda Nobuhide; daij-daijin

1582 Akechi Mitsuhide son of Akechi Mitsukuni

15821585 Oda Hidenobu son of Nobutaka, son of Nobunaga; deposed, died 1602

15851592 Toyotomi Hideyoshi son of Nakamura Yanosuke; kanpaku; resigned

15921595 Toyotomi Hidetsugu adopted son of Hideyoshi16

15951598 Toyotomi Hideyoshi restored

15981603 Toyotomi Hideyori son of Hideyoshi; deposed, died 1615

Edo or Tokugawa Shgunate (Bakufu)

16031605 Tokugawa Ieyasu son of Matsudaira Hirotada, son of Kiyoyasu, son of Nobutada, son of

Nagachika, son of Chikatada, son of Nobimutsu, son of Yasuchika, son of Chikauji, son of

Arichika, son of Chikasue, son of Masayoshi, son of Mitsuyoshi, son of Ietoki, son of Noriuji, son

of Yoriuji, son of Yoshisue, son of Yoshishige, son of Yoshikuni, son of Yoshiie, son of Yoriyoshi,

son of Yorinobu, son of Mitsunaka, son of Tsunemoto, son of Sadazumi, son of Seiwa-tenn;

resigned, died 161616051623 Tokugawa Hidetada son of Ieyasu; resigned, died 1632

16231651 Tokugawa Iemitsu son of Hidetada

16511680 Tokugawa Ietsuna son of Iemitsu

16801709 Tokugawa Tsunayoshi son of Iemitsu

17091712 Tokugawa Ienobu son of Tsunashige, son of Iemitsu

17121716 Tokugawa Ietsugu son of Ienobu

17161745 Tokugawa Yoshimune son of Mitsusada, son of Yorinobu, son of Ieyasu; resigned, died 1751

17451760 Tokugawa Ieshige son of Yoshimune; resigned, died 1761

17601786 Tokugawa Ieharu son of Ieshige

17861837 Tokugawa Ienari son of Harusada, son of Munetada, son of Yoshimune; resigned, died 1841

18371853 Tokugawa Ieyoshi son of Ienari

18531858 Tokugawa Iesada son of Ieyoshi

18581866 Tokugawa Iemochi son of Nariyori, son of Ienari

16Son of Miyoshi Yoshifusa by Zuiry, sister of Toyotomi Hideyoshi.


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18661868 Tokugawa Yoshinobu son of Nariaki, son of Harutoshi, son of Harumori, son of Munemoto, son

of Munetaka, son of Yoritoyo, son of Yorishige, son of Yorifusa, son of Ieyasu; resigned, died 1913

BASIC BIBLIOGRAPHY:

M.E. BERRY, The Culture of Civil War in Kyoto, Berkeley 1994

E. PAPINOT,A Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan, Tokyo 1948

G. SANSOM,A History of Japan to 1334, Stanford 1958

G. SANSOM,A History of Japan, 13341615, Stanford 1961

G. SANSOM,A History of Japan, 16151867, Stanford 1963

I. TITSINGH,Nipon o da itsi ran ou Annales des empereurs du Japon, Paris 1834

Documents

Rulers of Japan