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African Electrification Initiative
Practitioner Workshop
Rural Electrification
Bangladesh Experience
Presented by :
MD. NAZMUL HOSSAIN CHOWDHURY
MEMBER (ENGINEERING)
Rural Electrification Board
Bangladesh.
Rural Electrification Program in
Bangladesh
BANGLADESH
PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF
BANGLADESH
Total Area: 147570 Sq. Km
Population: 140.6 million(2006)
Population Density: 953/Km2
GDP per capita : 554 (current US$)
GDP growth : 6.21%
Per Capita Income: 599 US$
District : 64
Upazilla : 460
Total Number of Village : 84,320
80% of the total population living in
rural area
82% of the total rural area is covered
by the ACRE program
Power Sector of Bangladesh
GOB
MPEMR BERC
Power Flow Link
PGCB(An enterprise of BPDB)
DESCO
Administrative Link
IPP
DPDC
REB (DISTRIBUTION)
BPDB(Generation)
BPDB(Single buyer)
BPDB(Distribution)
Power Sector At A GlanceAs on June, 2008
Present Installed Capacity : 5306 MW
Private Sector : 1700 MW
Public Sector : 3606 MW
r Generation Capability (Including IPP) : 4130 MWr Peak Demand : 4800 MW Total Transmission Lines (230 & 132 KV) : 7848 Ckt. KM Grid sub-station Capacity
230/ 132 kV : 12 Nos. 5850 MVA 132/33 kV : 71 Nos. 7526 MVA Distribution Line (Total) : 256143 Km Total Consumers : 10.80 million (on-grid)
: 0.36 million (off-grid)
Access to Electricity of Population : 39% Per Capita Generation : 175 kWh Per Capita consumption : 145 kWh PDB Generation cost : 3.079 US cent. Overall Generation cost ( in/c IPP) : 3.42 US cent Average selling price of all utilities : 5.295 US cent Average selling price of PBSs : 4.920 US cent
In 1977 the NRECA & the Commonwealth Associates Inc.competed feasibility study on REP. The study reportrecommended :-
EMERGENCE OF REB
Bangladesh should begin ACRE program under the
framework of a perspective plan.
Each RE Project area should form a Palli Bidyut Samity (PBS),
based on the principles of consumer’s co-operative.
A central agency of GOB be there to organize, finance, administer, and
monitor the activities of the PBSs.
GOB accepted recommend and established REB through P.O. 1977 with the following target :
Establishment of Palli Bidyut Samity (PBS) based on the principles of Consumer’s Co-operative of USA Model.
FUNCTIONS OF REBMeasures for effective use of electricity .
Surveys and feasibility studies and prepare schemes.
Project proposals to the Govt. for approval and execute the
projects.
Electricity generation, transmission, and distribution system
in rural and semi urban areas of Bangladesh.
Organization & formation of PBS.
Nominate Directors for the first PBS Board.
Lending fund to PBS.
Build distribution network & all infrastructures & hand - over
those to PBS.
Set standards for all activities, materials and construction
methods.
Integration of distribution systems of others and arrange for
rehabilitation.
By-laws, Policy instructions for PBSs, their registration with
REB .
FUNCTIONS OF REB[-------Contd.]
Recommend the electricity tariff on behalf of PBSs to BERC.
Appoint officers and engage consultants, advisors, auditors
and contractors.
Construction of distribution network under ADP Funding.
Technical assistance for O & M activities of the PBSs.
Assist PBSs in its tariff fixation study.
Assist PBS in selection of officers.
Provide training for PBS employees & officers.
Set annual targets in key performance areas of the PBSs.
Monitor PBS activity for achieving Financial Sustainability
through Reduction of System Loss, Improve Collection and Controlling
expenses.
REB BOARD
CHAIRMAN
Member
Engineering
Member
PBS &
Training
Member
Finance
Member
Admin
Part time
Members
1.BPDB
2.BADC
3.BRDB
4.BSCIC
PALLI BIDDYUT SAMITY(PBS)
PBS means Rural Electric Society.
Each PBS has separate entity registered with REB.
PBS is basically a electric supply utility Cooperative.
Present numbers of consumer of PBSs varies from 35 to 270 thousand.
PBS runs under co-operative principle.
PBS BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Board comprises of a maximum of 15 Members - each representing an Elaka of the PBS.
Office bearer of Political Parties, Public/Local Bodies can’t be a Board Director.
Board Directors are elected directly by the consumer members.
Tenure is 3 years - rotating elections to maintain continuity.
Elections conducted by REB designated Election Commission
One member one vote
Women’s participation in PBS management ensured through nomination of Lady Directors Max. 3 in a PBS– they also can be elected as Directors
Board meeting is held monthly – Takes decisions and sets policy.
General Meeting of Members held annually and Board reports to members on Board accountability
FUNCTIONS OF PBS
Purchase & sale of electricity.
Sub-station & line maintenance.
Consumer complaint handling.
Line extension / Consumer connection.
Motivate people for safe use of electricity.
Tariff setting in consultation with REB.
PBSs purchase power in bulk at 33 kv mainly from
BPDB, some PBSS purchase power from SIPP
synchronized with BPDB system at 33 kv.
• No. of PBSs : 70
• Upazillas Covered : 433 out of 482
• No. of Electrified Village : 47,084 out of 84,320
• Line Constructed : 2,18,357 KM. *
• Line Energized : 2,15,300 KM.
• Integration of PDB/DESA
lines : 29,494 KM
• Total Consumer : 75,79,505 Nos.**
• Domestic : 64,51,189 Nos.
• Commercial : 7,60,933 Nos.
• Industry : 1,23,899 Nos.
• Irrigation : 2,30,353 Nos.
• Others : 13,133 Nos.
• Average Bill Collection : 99.59 %
• System Loss : Sub-station = 11.60 %
• Grid Meter = 14.97 %
• Month Outstanding 1.86
• Peak Demand : 2311 MW
• Installed Total Capacity of SIPP on BOO basis Is 193 MW In Eight PBSs.
* 85% Country’s total dist. lines.
** 70% Country’s total consumers.
ACHIEVEMENT (April, 2009)
Standardizations
a. Construction Design Standardized
b. Construction Method Standardized
c. Construction Material Standardized
d. Standardization- Key to success
623
1345
2291
2302
2821 3
167
2742
2711
3099
1570
926
364
1491
3399
3463
2606
1518
627
600
2057
883
1302
1295
1341
548
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1983-8
4
1984-8
5
1985-8
6
1986-8
7
1987-8
8
1988-8
9
1989-9
0
1990-9
1
1991-9
2
1992-9
3
1993-9
4
1994-9
5
1995-9
6
1996-9
7
1997-9
8
1998-9
9
1999-0
0
2000-0
1
2001-0
2
2002-0
3
2003--
04
2004-0
5
2005-0
6
2006-0
7
2007-0
8
Financial Year
(No
. o
f V
illa
ge E
lectr
ifie
d)
YEAR WISE VILLAGE ELECTRIFICATION
(FY 2007-2008)
Do
me
sti
c
85
.98
%
Co
mm
erc
ial
10
.26
%
Ind
us
try
1.6
5%
Irri
ga
tio
n
1.9
3%
Oth
ers
0.1
8%
Domestic Commercial Industry Irrigation Others
CATEGORY WISE CONSUMER
(FY 2007-2008)
Commercial
7.81%
Industry
10.03%
Irrigation
32.59%
Others
0.18%
Domestic
49.40%
Domestic Commercial Industry Irrigation Others
CATEGORY WISE POWER CONSUMPTION (MWH)
US$ 1338.27 Million4
13
.47
21
0.9
6
12
3.7
3
92
.58
79
.98
74
.71
58
.00
49
.70
29
.21
25
.50
23
.60
23
.02
20
.00
19
.00
5.7
3
1.0
8
20
.00 68
.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
IDA
USAID
ADB
JBIC
KFA
ED
Net
herla
ndsC
IDA
NO
RAD
IDB
SFD
OPEC
FINLAN
DS
Chin
a Bart
er
JDRG
SAUD
I Govt.
FRA
NCE
EDCF (K
orea)
DFID
DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS
Mill
ion
US
$DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS SUPPORT IN RE PROGRAM
FINANCING OF REB
Grants made by the Government
Loans obtained from the Government
Grants and loans obtained from any sourceoutside Bangladesh with the sanction of theGovernment
1% service charge obtained from PBSs.
FINANCING OF REB
Signing Loan Agreement with GOB.
Funding from GOB to REB
Local Currency
Foreign Currency
Uniform On-Lending Term (U.O.L.T)
GOB portion as Grant.
Foreign Fund as Loan.
Re-Payment of Loan
Total Period of 33 years including 8 years of
Grace Period.
Rate of Interest : 2%
Contd. …...
[-----Contd.]
FINANCING OF THE PBSs
Registered with REB.
Legal Entity.
Loan Contract with REB.
Initial Infra-structure development & energization takes 2 to 3 years.
Operating Cash Loan of 9 to 10 Millions Taka during this period.
Rest of the loan given in kind.
Subsidy to the PBSs from GOB against operational deficit.
RATE STRUCTURE OF THE PBSs
PBS & REB Board approve Tariff Structure of the PBSs.
Factors considered for Tariff Structure
Cost of Service
Cost of Power Purchase
O & M Expense
Depreciation & Interest Expense
FINANCIAL VIABILITY(With BST of 01-01-2004)
• Out of 67 PBSs, 54 have crossed the subsidy/
grace period and DSL has been due.
• 17 PBS have reached Break-Even Point.
• These are Industrial consumer based PBSs.
• The more industrial Consumers, the earlier
financial viability.
(Textile,Ceramic,Pharma,Steel,Cold
Storage,Garments,Agro,Poultry,Fisheries,
Cottage & etc. are main industries)
GOB SUBSIDYDue to insufficient
• Number of Consumers per K.M.
• KWH consumption per K.M.
• Consumer mix
• Low Tariff rate
• Remoteness and Backwardness of the service area
GOB Subsidy in following Forms
• Subsidy in Financing
• Subsidy in Cash : On Operating loss (Difference between Operating Expense and Operating Revenue) during initial 5/6 years from Commercial Operation of the PBSs
• Lower BST
KEY FACTORS
RELATED TO SUCCESS (CONT’D.)
• Decisions based on Policies & Procedures
• Revenue Criteria for Line Extensions
• Management Audit :• Management Audit held bi-annually in the presence
of Chief Executive along with high officials of REB.
• Performance Target Agreement between REB & PBS.
• System Loss Reduction Initiatives.
• MIS report and 550 form.
• PBS Instruction Series.
• One Point Service to attend the Consumers.
KEY FACTORS
RELATED TO SUCCESS - CONT’D.
REB negotiates Performance Targeting for
the PBSs:
• GOAL– Improve performance of each PBS.
– Improve quality of Service.
– Ensure accountability.
– Provide future guidance.
• PTA OPERATIONAL PLAN– Grouping on Equity and Age.
– Targets on Key areas.
– Key targets: System loss and Accounts Receivable.
• Evaluation:– Bonus/ Penalty.
SUCCESS OF RE PROGRAM IN BANGLADESH
Low System Loss
Revenue collection - approx (98%)
A/C receivable 1.81 months (standard level -2 eq. months)
Reliability of service
Accountability & Transparency
Line construction = 42 KM / day
Village Electrified = 5 villages / day
Consumer Connected = 2000 consumer / day
Introduced a new management & accounts practices, new standard of construction and distribution engineering and above all a model of a decentralized electrical distribution systems in Bangladesh.
Increase GDP, Food Security.
OFF- GRIDRenewable Energy
Rural Electrification Board● GOB aims at providing electricity to entire rural population by 2020.
● Connecting more than 700,000 consumers every year, it would take morethan 20 years to provide access to all.
● To achieve the target a two track approach is required:
(i) expand the electricity distribution grid and
(ii) support renewable energy options to provide electricity in areas notreached by the grid by making solar home systems (SHS) available tohouseholds through PBSs
SOLAR HOME SYSTEM PROGRAM
• A total of 13,000 SHS has been installed
• Training of personnel
• Installation guideline
• Billing and bill collection procedures
• Monitoring
OFF-GRIDSOLAR HOME SYSTEM PROGRAM
• A total of 13,000 SHS has been
installed
• Training of personnel
• Installation guideline
• Billing and bill collection procedures
• Monitoring
C1
C5
C2
C9C10
C6
C8
C4
C3
C7
Chittagong Division
C1 Brahmanbaria PBS
C2 Chandpur PBS
C3 Chittagong PBS-1
C4 Chittagong PBS-2
C5 Comilla PBS-1
C6 Comilla PBS-2
C7 Cox’s Bazar PBS
C8 Feni PBS
C9 Laxmipur PBS
C10 Noakhali PBS
D18D11 D15
D9
D19D10
D14
D6
D1D1
D8
D2
D13
D16
D3
D4
D7 D17
D5
Dhaka Division
D1 Dhaka PBS-1
D2 Dhaka PBS-2
D3 Faridpur PBS
D4 Gopalganj PBS
D5 Jamalpur PBS
D6 Kishoreganj PBS
D7 Madaripur PBS
D8 Manikganj PBS
D9 Mymensingh PBS-1
D10 Mymensingh PBS-2
D11 Mymensingh PBS-3
D12 Munshiganj PBS
D13 Narsingdi PBS-1
D14 Narsingdi PBS-2
D15 Netrokona PBS
D16 Rajbari PBS
D17 Sariatpur PBS
D18 Sherpur PBS
D19 Tangail PBS
R12
R13
R18
R11
R16R2
R3R15
R6
R4R5
R1R7
R10
R14R8
R9
R17
Rajshahi Division
R1 Bogra PBS
R2 Dinajpur PBS-1
R3 Dinajpur PBS-2
R4 Gaibandha PBS
R5 Joypurhat PBS
R6 Kurigram-Lalmonirhat
PBS
R7 Naogaon PBS
R8 Natore PBS-1
R9 Natore PBS-2
R10 Nawabganj PBS
R11 Nilphamari PBS
R12 Pabna PBS-1
R13 Pabna PBS-2
R14 Rajshahi PBS
R 15 Rangpur PBS-1
R16 Rangpur PBS-2
R17 Sirajganj PBS
R18 Thakurgaon PBS
S5S4
S3
S2S1
Sylhet Division
S1 Hobiganj PBS
S2 Moulabibazar PBS
S3 Sylhet PBS-1
S4 Sylhet PBS-2
S5 Sunamganj PBS
B6
B5
B2
B1
B3
B4
Barisal Division
B1 Barisal PBS-1
B2 Barisal PBS-2
B3 Bhola PBS
B4 Jhalakhathi PBS
B5 Patuakhali PBS
B6 Pirojpur PBS
K5
K8
K4
K2
K7
K3
K9
K6
K1
Khulna Division
K1 Bagerhat PBS
K2 Jessore PBS-1
K3 Jessore PBS-2
K4 Jhenaidah PBS
K5 Kushtia PBS
K6 Khulna PBS
K7 Magura PBS
K8 Meherpur PBS
K9 Satkhira PBS
LOCATION OF THE PBSs ALL OVER BANGLADESH