Rural HouseHold Electrification in West Bengal 2010

8/7/2019 Rural HouseHold Electrification in West Bengal 2010

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Project TimeLine

The Issue at hand

Current statistics on Rural Electrification in India and in West Bengal Understanding current projects on rural electrification in West Bengal

Renewablesources of

Electrification

Future Energy generation and Saving Concepts and Programs The Renewable sources like Solar, Wind, Bio Mass, Water/Hydel

RGGVY

The Key points Key Issues, Improvements and Drawbacks

Future Scope &Work

Renewable Sources Thermal

Primary Market Research on ongoing RGGVY & future projects in West Bengal Propose a Service Model in line of Gujarats Model

Deliverables

A Detailed Report


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The Issue of Rural Electrification

The reasons behind low Electrification in rural India

Geographical adversity

Low population density

Low purchasing power

Low consumption

Payment default

Political Influence

Social Acceptability to renewable and sustainable Technologies


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A Snapshot of the current situation of Rural

Electrification in IndiaReports : Report C-Physical & Financial Progress of RGGVY Projects Under Implementation (State-wise)

S

No.

State/UT Name (Total

No. of DistrictsNo. of DPRs

Project Cost

Sanctioned

(in Rs.Cr.)

Total Amount

Released (in

Rs.Cr.)

Coverage

in No.

Achievement in

No.(%)

Coverage

in No.

Achievement in

No.(%)

Coverage

in No.

Achievement in

No.(%)

Coverage

in No.

Achievement in

No.(%)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 ANDHRA PRADESH 26 840.10 656.62 (78.2 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 27481 21194 (77.1 % ) 3954128 3005171 (76.0 % ) 2592140 2514103 (97.0 % )

2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 16 537.69 504.68 (93.9 % ) 2129 395 (18.6 % ) 1756 344 (19.6 % ) 76407 8225 (10.8 % ) 40810 5066 (12.4 % )3 ASSAM 23 1660.01 1475.41 (88.9 % ) 8525 3426 (40.2 % ) 13330 5278 (39.6 % ) 1414828 427151 (30.2 % ) 991656 427151 (43.1 % )

4 BIHAR 43 2975.90 3239.83 (108.9 % ) 23211 19808 (85.3 % ) 6651 1617 (24.3 % ) 6022036 1421078 (23.6 % ) 2762455 1421078 (51.4 % )

5 CHHATTISGARH 14 1105.22 561.27 (50.8 % ) 1132 100 (8.8 % ) 16333 7097 (43.5 % ) 1285545 411060 (32.0 % ) 777165 340215 (43.8 % )

6 GUJARAT 25 360.44 181.65 (50.4 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 17934 5846 (32.6 % ) 1595853 578774 (36.3 % ) 955150 578774 (60.6 % )

7 HARYANA 18 197.40 135.51 (68.6 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 5985 2139 (35.7 % ) 569686 170138 (29.9 % ) 224073 170138 (75.9 % )

8 HIMACHAL PRADESH 12 205.26 220.00 (107.2 % ) 93 11 (11.8 % ) 10666 1059 (9.9 % ) 36479 2231 (6.1 % ) 12448 680 (5.5 % )

9 JAMMU & KASHMIR 14 635.94 627.09 (98.6 % ) 283 100 (35.3 % ) 6050 1540 (25.5 % ) 295221 25791 (8.7 % ) 136730 25791 (18.9 % )

10 JHARKHAND 22 2662.61 2706.58 (101.7 % ) 19737 14582 (73.9 % ) 7622 4411 (57.9 % ) 2926260 931735 (31.8 % ) 1691797 931735 (55.1 % )

11 KARNATAKA 25 595.32 635.81 (106.8 % ) 132 59 (44.7 % ) 28191 22835 (81.0 % ) 1932797 872528 (45.1 % ) 891939 758033 (85.0 % )

12 KERALA 7 134.33 31.55 (23.5 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 630 37 (5.9 % ) 92736 17238 (18.6 % ) 56351 17238 (30.6 % )

13 MADHYA PRADESH 32 1533.34 931.78 (60.8 % ) 806 172 (21.3 % ) 34094 8151 (23.9 % ) 2653536 334604 (12.6 % ) 1376242 233051 (16.9 % )

14 MAHARASHTRA 34 713.44 481.35 (67.5 % ) 6 0 (0.0 % ) 40292 14693 (36.5 % ) 2633742 895090 (34.0 % ) 1876391 882107 (47.0 % )

15 MANIPUR 9 357.80 215.97 (60.4 % ) 882 149 (16.9 % ) 1378 181 (13.1 % ) 192148 7659 (4.0 % ) 107369 6960 (6.5 % )16 MEGHALAYA 7 290.42 164.04 (56.5 % ) 1943 146 (7.5 % ) 3536 893 (25.3 % ) 188648 24070 (12.8 % ) 116447 24070 (20.7 % )

17 MIZORAM 8 104.25 238.24 (228.5 % ) 137 23 (16.8 % ) 570 85 (14.9 % ) 44334 5196 (11.7 % ) 27417 5196 (19.0 % )

18 NAGALAND 11 111.17 123.74 (111.3 % ) 105 43 (41.0 % ) 1152 194 (16.8 % ) 142992 14310 (10.0 % ) 69900 9160 (13.1 % )

19 ORISSA 31 3575.12 2515.30 (70.4 % ) 17895 9378 (52.4 % ) 29222 10491 (35.9 % ) 4858292 1334397 (27.5 % ) 3185863 1334397 (41.9 % )

20 PUNJAB 17 154.37 59.90 (38.8 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 11840 0 (0.0 % ) 405023 33926 (8.4 % ) 148860 33926 (22.8 % )

21 RAJASTHAN 40 1254.49 791.89 (63.1 % ) 4454 3287 (73.8 % ) 34841 22593 (64.8 % ) 2229442 1341089 (60.2 % ) 1750118 818676 (46.8 % )

22 SIKKIM 4 57.11 88.65 (155.2 % ) 25 14 (56.0 % ) 418 150 (35.9 % ) 28166 4937 (17.5 % ) 11458 4708 (41.1 % )

23 TAMIL NADU 26 447.41 275.92 (61.7 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 12416 4071 (32.8 % ) 1692235 497503 (29.4 % ) 545511 497503 (91.2 % )

24 TRIPURA 4 131.65 77.67 (59.0 % ) 160 56 (35.0 % ) 642 164 (25.5 % ) 228759 45533 (19.9 % ) 194730 45533 (23.4 % )

25 UTTAR PRADESH 64 2719.51 3213.09 (118.1 % ) 30802 27752 (90.1 % ) 3287 2747 (83.6 % ) 1694075 869999 (51.4 % ) 1120648 869999 (77.6 % )

26 UTTARAKHAND 13 643.89 664.50 (103.2 % ) 1469 1497 (101.9 % ) 14105 8403 (59.6 % ) 357309 221953 (62.1 % ) 281615 221953 (78.8 % )

27 W EST BENGAL 28 2345.28 1741.29 (74.2 % ) 4573 4145 (90.6 % ) 24775 5530 (22.3 % ) 3974005 825155 (20.8 % ) 2699734 801533 (29.7 % )

TOTAL OF ALL STATES(587) 573 26349.46 22559.32 (85.6 % ) 118499 85143 (71.9 % ) 355197 151743 (42.7 % ) 41524682 14326541 (34.5 % ) 24645017 12978774 (52.7 % )

Reports : State-wise

Electrification of Un-/De-

Electrified villages

Intensive Electrification of


No. of Connections to Rural

Households including BPL

No. of Connections to BPL

Households

Status As On : 15/10/2010


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BPL House Hold Electrification status


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Project at a glance in West Bengal

To provide 3,080,108 BPL household free of costelectricity by June 2011The Plan

Barring 4, out of 19 districts, not more than 20% of the jobundertaken has been completed till July 31, 2010The Execution

Districts of Howrah (0.9 per cent), Cooch Behar (4.7 percent) and South 24 Parganas (5.2 per cent)The Laggards

Paschim Medinipur (including areas affected by Maoistactivities), Purbo Medinipur, Purulia and Murshidabad,undertaken by DVC

The ones doingwell

Channel for loans and all forms of government subsidy Nodal Agency in charge of supervision from concept to

completionRole of REC


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District Wise Reach in West Bengal

Reports : Report D-Physical & Financial Progress of RGGVY Projects Under Implementation (District-wise)

S

No.

Name of the

District

DPR

Code

Date of

Sanction

Sanctioned

Project Cost

(in Rs.

Lakhs)

Awarded

Cost/Revis

ed cost(in

Rs. Lakhs)

Amount

Released

(in Rs.

Lakhs)

Coverage

in No.

Achievement in

No.(%)

Coverage

in No.

Achievement in

No.(%)

Coverage

in No.

Achievement in

No.(%)

Coverage

in No.

Achievement in

No.(%)

1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1 BANKURA 1920 29-12-2004 3403.66 3701.57 3429.53 451 368 (81.6 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 12114 8372 (69.1 % ) 12114 8372 (69.1 % )

2 BARDDHAM 1915 28-03-2008 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 (0.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % )

1929 04-04-2008 18218.52 20650.36 10201.34 0 0 (0.0 % ) 2437 597 (24.5 % ) 333993 61163 (18.3 % ) 257702 61123 (23.7 % )

BARDDHAM 18218.52 20650.36 10201.34 0 0 (0.0 % ) 2437 597 (24.5 % ) 333993 61163 (18.3 % ) 257702 61123 (23.7 % )

3 BIRBHUM 1914 04-04-2008 15170.27 114.81 8563.82 0 0 (0.0 % ) 2088 222 (10.6 % ) 242692 19078 (7.9 % ) 212528 19078 (9.0 % )

1915 28-03-2008 99.65 117.15 105.43 13 13 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 489 353 (72.2 % ) 156 284 (182.1 % )

BIRBHUM 15269.92 231.96 8669.25 13 13 (100.0 % ) 2088 222 (10.6 % ) 243181 19431 (8.0 % ) 212684 19362 (9.1 % )

4 DAKSHIN 1908 31-01-2005 1545.17 1906.32 1714.23 185 185 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 7361 5870 (79.7 % ) 2208 4113 (186.3 % )1909 28-03-2008 8843.68 10505.97 5241.51 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1279 365 (28.5 % ) 167661 16168 (9.6 % ) 106569 16168 (15.2 % )

DAKSHIN

DINAJPUR 10388.85 12412.29 6955.74 185 185 (100.0 % ) 1279 365 (28.5 % ) 175022 22038 (12.6 % ) 108777 20281 (18.6 % )

5 DARJILING 1903 1878.10 2185.13 1097.12 0 0 (0.0 % ) 285 82 (28.8 % ) 26043 4252 (16.3 % ) 18718 4252 (22.7 % )

1901 18-03-2005 29.81 30.93 26.05 3 3 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 115 187 (162.6 % ) 15 45 (300.0 % )

DARJILING 1907.91 2216.06 1123.17 3 3 (100.0 % ) 285 82 (28.8 % ) 26158 4439 (17.0 % ) 18733 4297 (22.9 % )

6 HAORA 1926 04-04-2008 5605.92 6765.55 2203.10 0 0 (0.0 % ) 776 29 (3.7 % ) 81981 2394 (2.9 % ) 66962 2394 (3.6 % )

7 HUGLI 1919 04-04-2008 7694.07 8751.24 4472.10 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1416 125 (8.8 % ) 114231 6083 (5.3 % ) 30103 6083 (20.2 % )

8 KOCH BIHAR 1905 04-04-2008 10851.57 12635.12 6144.55 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1110 43 (3.9 % ) 282687 11436 (4.0 % ) 204713 11436 (5.6 % )

9 MALDAH 1910 31-01-2005 79.02 94.54 85.08 11 11 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 223 507 (227.4 % ) 66 339 (513.6 % )

1911 04-04-2008 10638.66 12593.50 6284.39 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1552 165 (10.6 % ) 386829 30420 (7.9 % ) 126087 30420 (24.1 % )

MALDAH 10717.68 12688.04 6369.47 11 11 (100.0 % ) 1552 165 (10.6 % ) 387052 30927 (8.0 % ) 126153 30759 (24.4 % )

10 MEDINIPUR 1930 21-02-2005 7771.43 7771.44 6994.19 807 784 (97.1 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 34069 26396 (77.5 % ) 22696 8897 (39.2 % )

1924 18-03-2005 16555.73 23733.03 20516.26 1876 1620 (86.4 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 65044 43898 (67.5 % ) 44629 43898 (98.4 % )

1925 04-04-2008 1839.48 2331.60 2098.44 0 0 (0.0 % ) 332 236 (71.1 % ) 34591 12101 (35.0 % ) 12055 12101 (100.4 % )

1932 21-02-2005 2029.92 2888.28 2598.94 225 225 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 6452 5170 (80.1 % ) 4952 5170 (104.4 % )

1934 28-03-2008 34269.88 34269.18 26340.59 0 0 (0.0 % ) 5367 2045 (38.1 % ) 501373 131000 (26.1 % ) 278360 131000 (47.1 % )

MEDINIPUR 62466.44 70993.53 58548.42 2908 2629 (90.4 % ) 5699 2281 (40.0 % ) 641529 218565 (34.1 % ) 362692 201066 (55.4 % )11 MURSHIDAB 1913 04-04-2008 23559.19 23559.19 19972.41 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1898 654 (34.5 % ) 481439 257984 (53.6 % ) 458220 257984 (56.3 % )

1912 31-01-2005 226.97 194.19 174.80 32 32 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 566 998 (176.3 % ) 186 654 (351.6 % )

MURSHIDAB 23786.16 23753.38 20147.21 32 32 (100.0 % ) 1898 654 (34.5 % ) 482005 258982 (53.7 % ) 458406 258638 (56.4 % )

12 NADIA 1916 28-03-2008 12245.83 13593.55 6462.12 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1222 67 (5.5 % ) 236244 20303 (8.6 % ) 236244 20303 (8.6 % )

13 NORTH 1935 31-01-2005 497.96 498.00 448.20 51 51 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 3195 3938 (123.3 % ) 944 2518 (266.7 % )

14 PURULIYA 1922 04-04-2008 17869.14 5616.15 12312.05 290 238 (82.1 % ) 1723 348 (20.2 % ) 375263 73767 (19.7 % ) 174105 73767 (42.4 % )

1923 29-12-2004 4710.76 17869.14 5110.68 467 455 (97.4 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 9088 14045 (154.5 % ) 7575 14045 (185.4 % )

PURULIYA 22579.90 23485.29 17422.73 757 693 (91.5 % ) 1723 348 (20.2 % ) 384351 87812 (22.8 % ) 181680 87812 (48.3 % )

15

SOUTH

TWENTY 1927 31-01-2005 849.20 1021.97 918.93 82 80 (97.6 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 2899 2105 (72.6 % ) 883 1137 (128.8 % )

1928 28-03-2010 16345.47 18969.90 9286.27 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1948 228 (11.7 % ) 345374 27568 (8.0 % ) 279817 27568 (9.9 % )

SOUTH

TWENTY 17194.67 19991.87 10205.20 82 80 (97.6 % ) 1948 228 (11.7 % ) 348273 29673 (8.5 % ) 280700 28705 (10.2 % )

16 UTTAR 1907 04-02-2010 10930.81 10930.81 10481.11 0 0 (0.0 % ) 1342 324 (24.1 % ) 217686 36126 (16.6 % ) 139704 36126 (25.9 % )

1906 31-01-2005 767.70 940.26 846.19 80 80 (100.0 % ) 0 0 (0.0 % ) 4303 3473 (80.7 % ) 1423 2258 (158.7 % )

UTTAR 11698.51 11871.07 11327.30 80 80 (100.0 % ) 1342 324 (24.1 % ) 221989 39599 (17.8 % ) 141127 38384 (27.2 % )

Others 0.00 0 0 0 0Total 234527.57 244238.88 174129.43 4573 4145 (90.6 % ) 24775 5530 (22.3 % ) 3974005 825155 (20.8 % ) 2699734 801533 (29.7 % )

Status As On : 15/10/2010

Electrification of Un-/De-


Intensive Electrification of


No. of Connections to Rural

Households including BPL

No. of Connections to BPL

Households

State : WEST BENGAL


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Future Electricity Generation and Savings -

Concepts and Programs

Zero Energy Concept - Electricity Sufficiency

Green Energy Concept

Eco City

Wireless Power Transmission way to save Electricity(27% loss)

Off Grid Solutions


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Electrification via Renewable Energy Sources

Solar Energy

Wind Energy

Bio Mass Gassifiers

Tidal Energy

Micro Water/Hydro Plants

Shale gas , algae biofuel, jatropha bio fuel , geo thermalenergy, gas hydrate , power from garbage


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Electricity Generation - Renewable Energy - Solar

On an average West Bengal receives 1600kWh/m2 of Solar energy per year.

Average number of Sunny days in a year: 250days

Number of partial Sunny days in a year: 60days

Total overcast days in a year: 55 days

Highest ambient Temperature inSummer: 400 C

Highest ambient Temperature in winter: 270

C Lowest Temperature in winter: 80 C

Cost of Per Unit generation is Rs17.8 as fixedby GoI recently (Tender News)

Price settled at Rs. 12 for first 5 years forconsumers and Rs 8 for next 12 years


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Status of Electrification via Solar Energy in West Bengal

400 villages out of the 2000 villages where conventional linecannot be extended have already been electrified by Solar PVroute

Total Solar PV installed capacity in has exceeded 1 MW recently

More than 15 Stand Alone type Power Plants in Sundarabanarea operating for about last 5 years

80,000 Micro Level entrepreneurs maintaining solar homelightning systems

10,000 solar consumers being added every year

200 SPV Power Plants of capacity 25 kW to 100 kW forelectrification of entire Sundarban Islands, which has uniqueeco-system in the whole world

Solar Street lights in different remote areas, particularly in

Jetties and Forest areas numbers crossed 2000


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Power Generation via Wind Energy - Projects in West Bengal

The total installation is just 1.10 MW

Only some coastal areas of West Bengal aresuitable for wind power generation.

The two most prospective wind Farm sites of West

Bengal are (1) Frazergunj and (2) Sagar Island,which are located in southern part of West Bengal

The average annual wind speed exceeds 18km/hour

WBREDA in association with MNES, Govt. of India has set up its first wind farm project of capacity 1 MW at Frazergunj area of West Bengal

The country's first Wind Diesel Hybrid Project ofcapacity about 0.5 MW has been set up at Sagar

Island of South 24 Parganas District


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Water/Hydro

Perennial streams with adequate discharges in thehilly regions of Coochbehar and the Sub-Himalayanregion of West Bengal

Small capacity Hydro power "Run of Riverschemes

The total composite capacity of small hydro powerstations in the state of West Bengal has beenestimated as 150 MW

WBREDA has taken 12 projects estimating 40 MW

Heritage Project - Sidrapong Power Plant of capacity 600 kW is oldest hydro power plant in thecountry

Renovation and Modernisation are required andis being undertaken

RK3


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Slide 13

RK3 Price and Cost - in West Bengal and Comparison across CountryRohitKhandelwal, 11/12/2010


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Bio Gas Energy

A 2 m3 Biogas Plant can produce enough gas formeeting the cooking need of a family comprising of 4members Trained masons, Minimum 4 nos. of cowsare required

Estimated cost of a two Cum Biogas Plant - Rs.9000.00 - out, of which a subsidy amounting to Rs.2500.00 is given by government

Set up Cost of an Improved Chulha - Rs. 180.00 SelfEmployed Workers

WBREDA - set up Service for Biogas Plants andImproved Chulhas

Creating Social Capital for Sustainability - launched aspecial programme for the women entrepreneurs forsetting up of Service Centres of Renewable Energy

systems in the rural areas


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Husk Bio Mass Gassifiers

Using Rice Husk, (in turbine or gasifier route) electricity can be generated forcaptive use or for grid. Government subsidy is available

Programme Components:

Biomass Gasifier based Distributed / Off-grid power programme for RuralAreas: limited to 250 kW installed capacity, which have surplus biomass

resources and unmet demand of electricity for internal lighting, waterpumping and micro enterprises including telecom towers - a cluster approach.

Biomass gasifier based captive power generation in Rice Mills and otherindustries

Biomass Gasifier based Grid Connected Power Programme:

Biomass gasifier based MW level grid connected power plants with 100%producer gas engines will be supported

Besides, biomass based grid connected Boiler-Turbine-Generator (BTG)projects, preferably at tail end of the grid and having a decentralizeddistribution component would also be supported.

The maximum installed capacity of each such project would be 2 MW.


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Tidal Energy

Some parts of Sundarbans in WestBengal

The country's first Tidal Power Planthas been proposed to be set up in

Durgaduani Creek of Sundarbans

The 3.6 MW project will cost Rs. 40crores


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RGGVY a Government Initiative

Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) waslaunched in April-05 by merging all ongoing schemes.

Under the programme 90% grant is provided by Govt. ofIndia and 10% as loan by REC to the State Governments.

REC is the nodal agency for the programme.

RGGVY

Electrifying all villages and habitations as per newdefinition

Providing access to electricity to all rural households Providing electricity Connection to Below Poverty Line

(BPL) families free of charge

The RGGVYaims at:

Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone (REDB) with 33/11 KV (or66/11 KV) sub-station of adequate capacity in blocks where these donot exist.

Village Electrification Infrastructure (VEI) with provision ofdistribution transformer of appropriate capacity in

villages/habitations. Decentralized Distributed Generation (DDG) Systems based on

conventional & non conventional energy sources where grid supply isnot feasible or cost-effective.

Infrastructureunder RGGVY :


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RGGVY Risks, Key Issues, Improvements and

Drawbacks

Political Support, abandonment of earlier programs due to instabilityFinancial - $3.8 bn for rural electrification fund availability and fund useLegal & Regulatory risks - issues of consumer protection, prevention of misuse ofmonopoly power and protection of investment for the supplier

Issue of Trade UnionsFranchisee Selection, Scope of work, CapabilitiesManagement of Program resource planning and Implementation issues

NationalLevel

FinancialGovernanceInstitutional,Regulatory and legal,Planning

StateLevel

EconomicCommercialTechnicalOrganisationalDesignProcurement and implementationSocial

SiteLevel


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State Level Risks Identification West Bengal

Financial

Subsidy funding

Loan guarantee

Governance

Law and order situation

Corruption Political support

Institutional

Inability to engage a franchisee

Difficulty in bulk supply tariff setting

Inability to ensure adequate supply

Regulatory and legal Tariff-related risk

Competition with captive local supplies

Planning

Inability to identify and formulate projects

Non-acceptance of state identified projects by Central Government agencies


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Site Level Risks Identification West Bengal

Economic Volume risk

Rate risk

Consumer risk

Commercial

Payment risk

Theft

Collection risk

Technical

Power availability risk

Metering difficulties

Organisational

Lack of skill

HR Problems

Design Inaccurate sizing

Inaccurate Estimation

Procurement and implementation

Contracting delays and Delivery delays

Delays in clearance & Implementation

Social

Acceptability to off grid solutions


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Future Scope and work

State and Site Level Risk s Mitigation

Electricity Generation via Non Renewable sources Thermal

Comparison of Renewable and Non Renewable sources in terms of Penetration,Reach, Social and Financial feasibility

Collect Primary Data about various renewable projects from WBREDA office atBikalpa shakti Bhavan, J-1/10, EP & GP Block, Sector-V, Salt Lake, KOLKATA -700 091

Collect Primary Data about current issuesbeing faced during implementation ofRGGVY from REC office at Alipore, Kolkata

Propose a service model to overcome the drawbacks of current governmentinitiatives like one being implemented by Mr. Modi in Rann of Kachh, Gujarat


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References

http://www.wbreda.org

http://rggvy.gov.in/rggvy/rggvyportal/index.html

www.cea.nic.in

Shaping a sustainable Energy future for India: Management Challenges, Received 11 October 2009 Accepted 18March 2010 Available online 10 April 2010 , Subhes C Bhattacharyya

Rural Electrification Industry Overview, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION CORPORATION LIMITED - INDUSTRYOVERVIEW DRAFT 4

Managing risk in a large rural electrification programme in India March 2007,Subhes C Bhattacharyya andPrasantaK Dey

Power sector Highlights Aug 2010, Government of India, Ministry of Power, CEA Universal electrification: will the new electrification programme succeed in India? June 2006 , Subhes C.

Bhattacharyya, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Hydro Performance Review (Summary) 07-08 2008, Government of India, Ministry of Power, CEA

All India Electricity Statistics March 2006, Government of India, Ministry of Power, CEA

BPL household electrification 2010 report from RGGVY

http://www.hindu.com/2010/08/07/stories/2010080758760300.htm

http://www.accommodationtimes.com/research/providing-electricity-to-rural-households/

http://www.dvcindia.org/activitiesruralelectrification.htm

http://www.livemint.com/2009/11/01223116/Bengal-launches-rural-electrif.html

http://projectsmonitor.com/MISC/west-bengal-accelerates-rural-electrification

http://www.districtsofindia.com/westbengal/alldistricts/infrastructure/index.aspx

http://www.westbengalstat.com/power/26/electrification/84/stats.aspx

http://www.wwindea.org/technology/ch05/en/5_3_X.html

http://www.sciencedirect.com/s

http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Electricity-to-rural-areas-CAG-pulls-up-state-for-poor-show/290861/

Documents

Rural HouseHold Electrification in West Bengal 2010