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INDEX

AAbkhazia(n), 1, 86, 102, 115n32,

115n45, 131, 144, 161, 174, 178,179, 181, 182, 185, 186, 191,194, 196–198, 200, 205n51,206n63, 209n111, 253, 257

Adjaria, 182Adriatic Coast, 98Afghanistan, 116n56, 172, 175Africa, 26, 69, 219, 264Albania/Albanian, 47, 51, 153Alexander I, 57, 66Amsterdam, 102, 173, 146Armenia, 47, 86, 90, 100, 102, 103,

221, 240, 260Ashton, Catherine, 224, 232Ashword, Nicolas, 91Asia, 12, 26, 47, 69, 73, 236Assyria, 47, 76n30Athens, 215–216Austerlitz, 57Austria, 14, 54, 57, 63, 73, 78n62, 87,

89, 94, 133Austrian Empire, 14Austro-Hungarian Empire, 97Austro-Hungary, 68, 78n62, 103Azerbaijan, 103, 123n129Azov Sea, 51

BBaghdad, 87Balkans, 4–8, 13, 33, 34, 38n70,

44–49, 52–53, 55, 57–59, 63, 65,67, 81–125, 127–129, 131–139,141–143, 147, 149, 151,154–156, 169–172, 175, 176,182, 228, 239, 249, 251–257,262, 264

Baltic, 12, 15, 44, 49–51, 86, 89, 252,254

Baltic States, 103, 123n135, 165n70,171, 232

Baluevskiy, Yury, 171Barnier, Michel, 171Barroso, José Manuel, 223Bavaria, 14Bayazet, fortress, 59Bay of Chesme, 52Belarus, 35n22, 54, 88, 220, 260Belgrade, 87, 88, 98–102, 121n105,

121n106, 135–136, 138,141–143, 163n50

Berezovskaya, Yulia, 153, 154Berlin, 9n4, 51, 133,

205n52, 233Bezler, Igor, 229Bezsmertny, Roman, 236

© The Author(s) 2017V. Samokhvalov, Russian-European Relations in the Balkansand Black Sea Region, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52078-0

283

Black Sea, 1–7, 9n8, 13, 15, 33, 34,43–53, 55, 57–61, 63, 68, 71–73,75n11, 77n53, 81, 83–88, 93, 98,103, 109–111, 113n10, 114n24,115n46, 127–129, 132–133,139–141, 143–145, 150, 156–159,162n33, 169, 172, 176–178, 180,181, 189, 193, 195, 199, 205n52,211, 216, 221, 222, 228, 234, 243,244n11, 249, 251–257, 260, 262

The Black Sea Straights, 133Bocharov Ruchei, 177Bosnia, 7, 19, 78n67, 87, 104,

135–138, 141, 142, 149, 158, 174Bosporus, 51Botev, Hristo, 58, 78n68Bovin, Alexandr, 90, 92, 96, 120n92,

165n70Britain, 14, 15, 18, 54, 63–68, 73,

78n62, 109, 122n122, 124n154,146, 151, 227

Brezack, General, 59Brussels, 8, 75n11, 95, 147–149, 151,

173, 174, 176, 178, 183, 184,194, 199, 204n43, 215,221–223, 226, 230, 238, 254

Budapest, 141, 144Byzantine Empire, 47, 48, 161n12Byzantium, 48, 106

CCappadocia, 47Castlereagh, Lord, 13Catherine the Great, 15, 45, 52, 77n47Caucasus, 8, 34n1, 45, 46, 48, 49, 55,

58, 60, 61, 67, 68, 70, 86, 88,101, 115n45, 144, 152, 162n31,176, 178, 183, 185, 187, 190,200, 202n24, 215, 253

Caucasian, 43, 47, 50, 88, 139, 144,252, 255

Caucasian highlanders, 65, 88,114n26, 115n45, 115n46

Central African Republic, 219Central Europe, 114n11Chad, 176, 219Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 14Chechnya, 143, 144, 151–152,

156, 255Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 138, 171,

249, 251Chernyaev, 70China, 15, 77n43, 99, 131Chisinau, 143, 180, 181, 184, 191Churchill, Winston, 263Churkin, Vitaly, 135, 136, 149Circassians, 88, 115n45Clinton, Bill, 137Colonel Patsevich, 59, 60Columbus, 85Commonwealth of Independent States

(CIS), 140, 141, 147, 156,203n34, 217

Constantinople, 51, 58, 75n6,77n40, 78n69

Copenhagen, 147, 165n75Corfu, 49, 68, 148–149Cossacks, 48, 86, 88, 90, 226Crespo, Enrique Barón, 95, 119n88Crimea, 1, 4, 46, 47, 52, 86, 144,

220–229, 234, 238, 241–243,255, 261

Crimean War, 51, 53, 59, 65,77n43, 106

Croatia, 102, 103, 149Cyprus, 22, 36n41, 216Czechoslovakia, 64, 69

DDagomys (Agreement), 179Dalmatia, 98Danube, 15, 85, 87, 88, 105

284 INDEX

Dardanelles, 51Dayton, 136, 142, 158Debaltsevo, 235de Gaulle, Charles, 130Delors, Jacques, 92–93Dmitrijevic, Dragutin, 87, 99Dnepr, 49Donbas, 228, 234–239Drvar, 104Dubrovnik, 98Dugin, Alexandr, 220, 243n1

EEastern Europe, 29, 68,

93–94, 122n122, 173,205n52, 215

Eastern Partnership, 216, 224, 262England, 57, 65, 67, 103Erzurum, 71Estonia, 102EUBAM (EU Border Assistance

Mission), 184, 191, 200Eurasia, 208n92, 221Eurasian Economic Union, 212, 217,

259–260Eurocorps, 155Europe, 41–79, 81–125, 143–150,

169–209, 211–247European Economic Community

(EEC), 92–96, 103, 111, 146,255, 256

The European NeighbourhoodPolicy, 215, 261

European Union, 2, 9n2, 9n8, 11,21, 93, 95, 119n88, 128, 141,148, 151–154, 159, 171,173–174, 187, 199, 204n43,211, 212, 216, 217, 220–221,240–242, 244n9, 257, 259,260, 262

EU-Russia, 11

FFranz Ferdinand, Archduke, 101Finland, 85, 94, 119n91France, 14, 15, 54, 57, 63–68, 73,

78n62, 90, 95, 103, 119n85,124n154, 130, 151, 176, 182,186, 219, 224, 225, 227, 232,235, 258

FYROM, 149

GGagauzia, 86, 102Galvin, John, 91Garibaldi, 69Geneva, 2, 181, 195–198, 200, 219,

231, 232, 236Genghis Khan, 51, 76n30Georgia, 2, 9n2, 9n6, 47, 102, 144,

147, 157, 178, 179, 181, 182,185, 186, 188, 189, 193–198,200, 211, 212, 219, 222, 225,226, 235–237, 240, 242, 255,257, 258, 260–262, 264

Gerasimov, Valery, 221, 260German Empire, 51Germany, 54, 68, 87, 89–91, 109,

117n63, 149, 189, 220, 224,225, 231, 232, 235, 237,238, 258

Gestapo, 44Girkin, Igor, 229Gorbachev, Mikhail, 82, 85, 86,

90–93, 95, 98, 101, 107, 109,119n90, 120n99, 120n100,121n104, 122n109, 134, 252

Great Britain, 14, 63, 65–68, 109,122n122

Great powerGryzlov, Boris, 236Gudauta, 181Gurko, losif, General, 70

INDEX 285

HHabsburg Empire, 14Helsinki, 9n4, 95, 140, 151, 156Hill, William H., 143Hitler, Adolf, 86Hollande, François, 232–233, 235Hong Kong, 152Howe, Geoffrey, 91, 111Hungary, 94, 99Hurd, Douglas, 118n78, 131

IIberia, 47Ingushetia, 144, 162n31, 255the Ionian Islands, 59, 68Iran, 172Iraq, 172, 175, 225Isaev, Maksim, 43Istanbul, 156, 181Italy, 49, 63, 69, 78n62, 90, 93, 103,

135, 218Ithaca, 10n14, 49Ivanov, Igor, 163n50, 173,

175, 182Ivanov, Sergei, 175Ivanov, Vitaly, 218, 244n17Ivan the Terrible, 52, 89

JJapan, 93, 131Juarez, Diego, 69–71, 254

KKalashnikov, 249, 251, 256, 265Kandel, Pavel, 173, 202n15Kant, Immanuel, 140Kapodistria, Ioannis, 188Karabanov, Lieutenant, 58, 59, 61Karadzic, Radovan, 136, 142

Karavelov, Petko, 78n66Kazakhstan, 220, 260Kent, Bruce, 90Kharkov, 230Khasbulatov, Ruslan, 103, 124n137Khios, 52Khristenko, Viktor, 221Kiev/Kyiv, 50, 174, 191, 223, 226,

229, 231, 234, 237, 238Kievan Rus, 15, 46, 48, 51, 53Kiev Principality, 48Kingdom of Colchis, 47Kingdom of Urartu, 47, 50King Obrenovic, 87, 99Kinnock, Neil, 90Kohl, Helmut, 91Kondrashov, Stansislav, 91, 117n65,

118n82, 119n91, 160n2Kosachev, Konstantin, 173, 201n12,

202n17, 202n18, 218, 244n16Kosovo, 1, 4, 7, 85, 97, 101–103,

122n109, 124n136, 137, 138,141, 142, 150–156, 159,162n30, 165n70, 169–171, 174,256, 262

Kozak, Dmitriy, 180, 183, 235Kozyrev, Andrei, 129–131, 135, 139,

141, 143, 145, 160n3, 175,253, 260

Kremlin, 8, 139, 142, 219, 220, 228,230, 235, 236, 241, 242, 263

Kuchma, Leonid, 234, 236Kuchner, Bernard, 195Kulmukhametov, Azamat, 236Kutuzov, Mikhail, 55, 57Kyrgyzstan, 221, 240, 260

LLafont, Charles de, 64Lagarp, Fridrikh-Tsezar, 57, 69Latin America, 85

286 INDEX

Latvia, 102, 123n135Latynina, Yulia, 177Lavrov, Sergei, 184, 185, 188, 216Lenin, Vladimir, 82Lermontov, Mikhail, 43Lisbon, 149Lithuania, 102London, 64, 68, 141, 226Loshchinin, Valery, 181Louis XIV, 15Lubibratic, General, 58Luchterhandt, Otto, 188–189Luhansk, 229–232, 235,

236, 243Lukin, Vladmir, 229

MMaastricht, 146Macedonia, 104, 149, 173, 180Major, John, 131, 146, 165n69Markovich, Ante, 99, 100Marx, Karl, 82Maximilian I of Austria, 14Mediterranean, 48, 52, 53, 59, 88Medvedev, Dmitriy, 181, 186, 188,

192, 236Merkel, Angela, 227, 232, 235, 237,

258Meseberg, 189Milosevic, Slobodan, 100, 122n109,

136, 138, 142–143, 153, 158Mitterrand, François, 90Mizsei, Kalman, 193Mladic, Ratco, 136Moldova, 86, 143–144, 157,

178–180, 184, 189, 191, 192,200, 211, 212, 222, 237, 240,242, 255, 257, 260–262

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 109Montenegro, 78n65, 104Morrel, Pierre, 197

Moscow, 1–5, 8, 16, 21, 22, 26, 27,42, 49, 53, 64, 75n3, 81,83–84, 89, 90, 92–95, 98, 99,105, 120n93, 121n108,135–137, 139–145, 148–150,155, 169, 172–173, 175,177–187, 189–197, 212,214–227, 229, 231–235, 237,238, 249, 251, 253–262,264, 265

Mostar, 148Munich, 69, 153Muscovy, 15

NNapoleon, 57, 68Naryshkin, Sergey, 226NATO, 11, 18, 29, 51, 90, 91, 93,

95, 117n63, 118n83, 137,138, 140, 141, 142, 150, 154,162n30, 165n70, 170, 171,176, 199

Nekrasov, Captain, 55, 58, 66–67,78n60

Nesterushkin, Valery, 183, 192Netherlands, 15Nevsky, Prince Alexander, 50New Soviet Russia, 128–132, 141,

150, 154, 230New Western Russia, 128–140, 150,

157, 158Nicolas I, 60Nino, Saint of Cappadocia, 47Nordic, 46Normandy, 232–233, 238North Korea, 172North Ossetia, 144, 179Norway, 86Novgorod, 50, 98NovoRossiya, 228–235Nox, Captain, 107

INDEX 287

OOccheto, Achille, 90Odessa, 53, 86, 98, 176Ohrid, 180Oleg, Kievan Prince, 43, 78n69Oladiev, General, 83, 85, 97,

101–103, 106, 107Orlov, Alexey, Count Chesmenkiy, 52Organisation of the Black Sea

Economic Cooperation(BSEC), 216

Organisation for Security andCooperation in Europe(OSCE), 2, 3, 93, 140–145, 147,149, 150, 153, 155–159,162n33, 179, 181, 183, 184,190, 191, 198, 199, 231–232,234, 236, 254–256, 261–262

Ottoman Empire, 15, 53, 55, 63, 65,67, 71, 87, 102, 103, 225,228, 252

Owen, David, 136, 147–148

PPatten, Chris, 151–152, 254Paul I, 59, 60Pavlovic, Peko, 58, 78n65Peter the Great, 15, 50, 51, 52, 63,

77n40, 89, 106Pikul, Valentin, 44–45, 55, 56, 58–60,

64, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 82–85,87–89, 97, 99, 101, 103–108,113n9, 115n46, 146, 172, 186,187, 192, 225, 251, 260

Plavsic, Biliana, 142Pleven, 87Poland, 54, 63–65, 68, 73, 94, 99,

224, 225, 232, 242Poliakov, Leonid, 213Poliakov, Maksim Ambassador, 236Portugal, 14, 93

Potemkin, Grigoriy PrinceTavricheskiy, 52

Prigorodny Rayon, 144Prikhodko, Sergei, 188Primakov, Evgenii, 138, 139,

143, 179Pristina, 138, 139, 162n31, 171Prokhanov, Alexander, 138–139Promised Land, 45–53, 58, 60,

61, 84–86, 87, 172, 176,199, 252

Prussia, 14, 54, 57, 59–60, 63, 73,89, 97

Pushkin, Alexander, 43Putin, Vladimir, 2, 8, 27, 156,

169–209, 211–215, 217, 218,219–220, 222, 223, 226, 228,231, 233, 235, 237, 258, 259,261, 264

QQueen Elizabeth II, 1

RRambouillet, 138Riga, 87Romania, 51, 55, 143Rome, 48, 84, 148Rumiantsev, Pyotr, 52, 55, 68, 106,

124n145Rumiantsev, Petr, Count Zadunaiskiy

(Transdanubian), 52, 55Russia, 1–10, 41–79, 81–125,

127–168, 169–209, 220–228Russian Empire, 7, 14, 15, 43, 48, 49,

51, 52, 88, 108, 115n46, 213,220, 225, 228

Ryabov, Nikolai, 191, 192Ryurik, 50Ryzhkov, Nikolay, 93, 95, 117n70

288 INDEX

SSaakhashvili, Mikheil, 182, 186–187,

192, 193–194Saint Malo, 151Saint Petersburg, 49, 68Sanjak, 141Sarajevo, 139, 141, 162n31Sarkozy, Nicolas, 186, 194–196, 233Sazonov, Sergei, 133Scheffer, Jaap de Hoop, 171Schmidt, Helmut, 90Schmidt, Pyotr, Captain, 49Schroeder, Gerhardt, 217Schwarzenberg, Karel, 216Scythians, 51, 84Sebastopol, 49, 53, 177Semneby, Peter, 185Serbia, 38n70, 68, 85, 96, 97, 99,

100–102, 103, 133–136, 138,142, 143, 157, 165n70, 170,178, 252, 256

Serb(s), 85, 87, 88, 97, 98, 99, 100,101, 102, 104, 105, 110,114n16, 121n105, 121n107,133, 135, 136, 137, 141, 142,143, 149, 157, 158, 159,253, 262

Seville, 175Shanin, Teodor, 90Shemiatenkov, Vladimir,

Ambassador, 93Sherr, James, 92, 111, 254Shevardnadze, Eduard, 94, 181, 182Shipka, 87Sikorski, Radoslav, 225Skobelev, Mikhail, General, 70Slovenia, 102, 103, 149Smirnov, Igor, 180–182, 192, 193Sochi, 177, 179, 181Sokolov, Maksim, 173Solana, Javier, 174, 183, 254, 262Somalia, 131, 176

South Ossetia, 1, 2, 9n2, 144, 174,178–179, 182, 185–188, 188,191, 192, 194, 195–198,200, 257

Soviet Union, 7, 26, 42–44, 47, 51,64, 84, 85, 90–92, 97–102, 108,109, 117n70, 122n122,127–130, 134, 139, 145,213, 252

Spain, 14, 78n62, 117n63, 134,161n14, 227

Spiridov, Grigoriy, Admiral, 52Split, 90, 98Steinmeier, Frank-Walter, 185Stirlitz, 43Sudan, 219Sukhumi, 181, 194, 196Surkov, Viacheslav, 236Surkov, Vyacheslav, 218, 236Suvorov, Alexander Marshall

Rymnikskiy, 52, 55, 59, 66Svyatoslav, Kievan Prince, 52, 53, 105Sweden, 14, 15, 50, 54, 65, 78n62Switzerland, 57, 78n62, 93, 188,

207n75, 236Szeged, A. Jakobovits de, 183

TTagliavini, Heidi, 188, 234, 236Tajikistan, 131Tatars, 51, 77n40, 77n51, 120n93Teutonic Knights, 50Tiraspol, 179–180, 193Tito, Josip Broz, 100, 134Tolstoy, Leo, 43Trans-Carpathia, 85Transcaucasia, 46, 47, 49, 67, 86Trans-Danubian, 52Transnistria, 1, 2, 5, 8, 143, 178–184,

189, 190–193, 200, 235, 236,257, 258

INDEX 289

Tsargrad, 43Tskhinvali, 194, 196Turchinov, Olexandr, 226Turkey, 51, 63, 67, 68, 70, 73, 77n51,

78n65, 86, 115n46Tyrzhckevych, Andrzej, 198

UUkraine, 3, 4, 12, 47, 54, 85–87, 143,

178–180, 183, 191, 211–247,253, 260, 261, 262, 265, 266

United Kingdom (UK), 18, 90,118n78, 152

United States (US), 2, 11, 17–19, 25,27, 90, 91, 98, 103, 112, 129,131, 137, 142–145, 149, 154,155, 158, 159, 162n30, 165n70,171, 181, 183–185, 192, 193,225, 227, 231, 232, 258

(Upper) Don, 85USA, 51, 93, 109, 122n122Ushakov, Fyodr, Admiral, 48, 59, 69Ushakov, Yuri, 145USSR, 6, 42, 81–83, 91, 93, 94,

96–105, 109, 123n122,123n123, 131, 144, 146, 148,225, 253

VVance, Cyrus, 147Varangians, 49, 84Vaziani, 181Venice, 63Verdun, 68Vernimmen, Willy, 94Vienna, 13, 14, 95, 102Vilnius, 224Vladimir, Prince of Kiev, 177Vogel, Hans-Jochen, 90

Vogt, Karsten, 90Vojvodina, 141Volga, 47Voronin, Vladimir, 180, 192, 193Voskoboinikov, Dmitry, 186

WWarren, Kitty, 70, 192, 254Webber, Mark, 9n8West, 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 18, 21, 22, 26, 27,

43, 90, 92, 94, 111, 128, 129,132, 135–138, 142, 158,165n70, 171, 180, 192, 194,218, 241, 259, 263

Western European Union (WEU), 93,95, 140, 141, 148

YYakovenko, Alexander, 190Yakovlev, 96, 108, 109Yalta, 98Yanukovych, Viktor, 222, 223, 224,

240, 261Yastrebchak, Vladmir, 193Yeltsin, Boris, 133–135, 137, 138,

141, 142, 147–149, 156, 158Yevkurov, Yunus-bek, 139, 162n31Yugoslavia, 38n70, 51, 84, 85,

96–105, 110, 120n99, 122n109,134, 136, 141, 147, 157, 170,171, 252, 253, 262

ZZakharov, Mark, 132–133Zavarzin, Valery General, 138Zubkov, Viktor, 183Zurabov, Mikhail, 234, 236

290 INDEX