Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution(1900-1905)(1900-1905)

Class 8-7Class 8-7Adrian ChengAdrian ChengJackie CicchiniJackie Cicchini

Robert LeeRobert LeeMichael XieMichael Xie

Describe the land and people of RussiaDescribe the land and people of Russia in the year 1900. in the year 1900.

Russia in the year 1900 was more Russia in the year 1900 was more like a waste land; only 5% of the like a waste land; only 5% of the entire country was used due to entire country was used due to the extremely cold weather. The the extremely cold weather. The cold climate and the cold climate and the mountainous feature made sea mountainous feature made sea trading impossible. Tsar is the trading impossible. Tsar is the ruler of all in Russia; he has ruler of all in Russia; he has more than 125 million people more than 125 million people under his control. Throughout under his control. Throughout Russia, because of Tsar’s poor Russia, because of Tsar’s poor ruling and lack of citizen rights, a ruling and lack of citizen rights, a normal citizen practically owned normal citizen practically owned nothing. The one good thing that nothing. The one good thing that Tsar has done was to build the Tsar has done was to build the Sergi Witte; a successful railway Sergi Witte; a successful railway that runs across Russia from the that runs across Russia from the Trans-Trans-SiberiaSiberia railway connecting railway connecting to the Chinese Eastern Railway, to the Chinese Eastern Railway, making trade possible.making trade possible.

Who was Czar Nicholas II? Who was Czar Nicholas II? Describe his leadership style.Describe his leadership style.

Nicholas II was the Tsar of Russia in the Nicholas II was the Tsar of Russia in the early 1900’s. He and his wife (Tsarina) early 1900’s. He and his wife (Tsarina) Alexandra were the highest of all power. Alexandra were the highest of all power. Nicholas believed in a monarch who does Nicholas believed in a monarch who does not share power, known as an not share power, known as an autocratautocrat. . This let him make his own laws, and do This let him make his own laws, and do whatever he wanted without hesitation. whatever he wanted without hesitation. People claim that he was undereducated People claim that he was undereducated but that never stopped him. He did what he but that never stopped him. He did what he pleased being inconsiderate of others. He pleased being inconsiderate of others. He censored all books and newspapers, sent censored all books and newspapers, sent prisoners to freezing prisoners to freezing SiberiaSiberia, and killed , and killed tons of innocent people with the help of his tons of innocent people with the help of his CossacksCossacks. Nicholas also had a secret . Nicholas also had a secret police, the police, the okhrana. okhrana. Because of this he Because of this he was known as the “Tsar and was known as the “Tsar and autocratautocrat of all of all Russians.” Later on, people grew tired of Russians.” Later on, people grew tired of him, and he decided to give up his throne. him, and he decided to give up his throne. But even after he stepped down, But even after he stepped down, liberals liberals have tried to get him back onto the throne.have tried to get him back onto the throne.

Who was Karl Marx Who was Karl Marx and how did his ideas divide Russians?and how did his ideas divide Russians?

Karl Marx studied Philosophy and History Karl Marx studied Philosophy and History in University, however Karl Marx’s in University, however Karl Marx’s interest turned to politics after comparing interest turned to politics after comparing the living standard of a proletariat the living standard of a proletariat (peasant/worker) to the noble/landowner (peasant/worker) to the noble/landowner classes (and the proletariat living classes (and the proletariat living standard were notorious.) standard were notorious.)

Karl Marx eventually Karl Marx eventually created a set of groups called the created a set of groups called the CommunistCommunist Correspondence Correspondence CommitteeCommittee. Marx also provided a set of . Marx also provided a set of guidelines to be published within the guidelines to be published within the committees called the committees called the CommunistCommunist Manifesto. Manifesto. This describes the objectives This describes the objectives of Communism which would bring the of Communism which would bring the common worker/peasant to power and common worker/peasant to power and divide up the land equally.divide up the land equally.

Marx’s ideas were the Marx’s ideas were the basis of revolutions in cities across the basis of revolutions in cities across the world including world including St. PetersburgSt. Petersburg and and Beijing to name a few. He divided up Beijing to name a few. He divided up Russia into many factions including the Russia into many factions including the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.

How was Russian society divided, in terms of How was Russian society divided, in terms of wealth and power?wealth and power?

The richer of the population The richer of the population were all of noble decent, were all of noble decent, and are landowners of the and are landowners of the land. 300,000 landowners land. 300,000 landowners own the same amount of own the same amount of land as 5,000,000 land as 5,000,000 peasants, that’s around 1 peasants, that’s around 1 landowner for every 17 landowner for every 17 peasants. Only 1% of the peasants. Only 1% of the population were of noble population were of noble decent and have a strong decent and have a strong economy, which own 25% economy, which own 25% of all the land. 80% of the of all the land. 80% of the people are peasants who people are peasants who live by farming for the live by farming for the landowners.landowners.AutocratsAutocrats also had most of also had most of the power because as a the power because as a saying goes, “With money, saying goes, “With money, comes power.”comes power.”

GlossaryGlossary St.St. PetersbergPetersberg – An important city located in West Russia. – An important city located in West Russia. SiberiaSiberia – A cold province in Russia where people are sent to exile or for – A cold province in Russia where people are sent to exile or for

imprisonment.imprisonment. AutocratAutocrat – A person in charge of an event. – A person in charge of an event. CossacksCossacks – Traditional community of people living in East Europe and – Traditional community of people living in East Europe and

Asian Russia, well known for their military skills and horsemanship.Asian Russia, well known for their military skills and horsemanship. OkhranaOkhrana – The Czar’s secret police. – The Czar’s secret police. Karl MarxKarl Marx – The philosopher who came up with the idea of communism. – The philosopher who came up with the idea of communism. CommunistsCommunists – People who believe in a government type where there are – People who believe in a government type where there are

no classes, and all people are equal.no classes, and all people are equal. LiberalsLiberals – People who have a political view or social view favoring reform – People who have a political view or social view favoring reform

and progress.and progress.

Works CitedWorks Cited

MSN Encarta – MSN Encarta – msn.encarta.commsn.encarta.com ““Russia In War and RevolutionRussia In War and Revolution” – Josh ” – Josh

BroomanBrooman ““RussiaRussia”” www.geographia.com/www.geographia.com/russiarussia/rushis01.htm /rushis01.htm En.wikipedia.org/wiki/nicholas_IIEn.wikipedia.org/wiki/nicholas_II

By: Ellie, Teresa, Michelle and JoshBy: Ellie, Teresa, Michelle and Josh

8-78-7

What was the Bloody Sunday and What was the Bloody Sunday and why did it a happen?why did it a happen?

Bloody SundayBloody Sunday is the name of the famous massacre that is the name of the famous massacre that occurred on Sunday, January 22, 1905, and marked the official occurred on Sunday, January 22, 1905, and marked the official start of the Russian revolutionary movement. On this day, over start of the Russian revolutionary movement. On this day, over 200,000 workers and peasants peacefully marched to Tsar 200,000 workers and peasants peacefully marched to Tsar Nicholas II’s summer palace in St. Petersburg, to present him Nicholas II’s summer palace in St. Petersburg, to present him with a petition for better conditions and pay, lead by the leader with a petition for better conditions and pay, lead by the leader of the “workers’ organization”, priest Gapon. The vast crowd of of the “workers’ organization”, priest Gapon. The vast crowd of people frightened the authorities and open fire was ordered on people frightened the authorities and open fire was ordered on the mass of people, killing more than 500 and injuring over the mass of people, killing more than 500 and injuring over 1,000. News of this event sparked strikes and revolts among 1,000. News of this event sparked strikes and revolts among peasants across the country.peasants across the country.

What changes in the Tsar’s government What changes in the Tsar’s government followed the Bloody Sunday?followed the Bloody Sunday?

On January 22nd 1905, 20,000 workers joined and On January 22nd 1905, 20,000 workers joined and rebelled against Nicholas II. The workers felt they rebelled against Nicholas II. The workers felt they weren’t treated fairly, and wanted freedom, but the weren’t treated fairly, and wanted freedom, but the Tsar just shot them. This was followed by a period of Tsar just shot them. This was followed by a period of struggles for money and other economic demands. struggles for money and other economic demands. Russia was also in turmoil, and caused revolt through Russia was also in turmoil, and caused revolt through the nation, with many problems facing the Tsar. the nation, with many problems facing the Tsar. Political groups were formed, and there was another Political groups were formed, and there was another massive strike in October. The Tsar finally issued the massive strike in October. The Tsar finally issued the October ManifestoOctober Manifesto (created before), document which (created before), document which grants rights to the people) and the Russians got to grants rights to the people) and the Russians got to elect a elect a DumaDuma. .

What were the causes of the Feb/March What were the causes of the Feb/March Revolution?Revolution?

The Feb/March Revolution took place in 1917, when the The Feb/March Revolution took place in 1917, when the Tsar [Emperor Nicholas II] was forced to Tsar [Emperor Nicholas II] was forced to abdicateabdicate. On . On February 28th, people in St. Petersburg went on strike. February 28th, people in St. Petersburg went on strike. They were dissatisfied with the Tsar, especially his They were dissatisfied with the Tsar, especially his inability to direct Russia in the WWI. People were upset inability to direct Russia in the WWI. People were upset that the Tsar ignored the poor, and made false that the Tsar ignored the poor, and made false promises to the public. Blood Sunday and increase promises to the public. Blood Sunday and increase mutiny sparked people to revolt. The Tsar and his mutiny sparked people to revolt. The Tsar and his troops were forced to surrender. This marked the end troops were forced to surrender. This marked the end of the Tsar’s autocracy, and the beginning of of the Tsar’s autocracy, and the beginning of Vladimir Vladimir Lenin’sLenin’s power. power.

How did World War I affect Russia How did World War I affect Russia and the Tsar? and the Tsar?

World War I was one of the most dreadful wars that World War I was one of the most dreadful wars that occurred. Russia was especially affected, because occurred. Russia was especially affected, because 150,00 people died from the Battle of Masurian Lakes 150,00 people died from the Battle of Masurian Lakes and Tannenberg. Russia suffered great losses, which and Tannenberg. Russia suffered great losses, which were ignored by the Tsar. were ignored by the Tsar.

Then 1917, the Russians turned their forces to Tsar. The Then 1917, the Russians turned their forces to Tsar. The citizens of Russia began to rebel against the emperor, citizens of Russia began to rebel against the emperor, Tsar Nicholas. Many of them joined the Bolsheviks’ Tsar Nicholas. Many of them joined the Bolsheviks’ party. As a result, he became unpopular and got party. As a result, he became unpopular and got kicked out of Russia . kicked out of Russia .

GlossaryGlossary Bloody SundayBloody Sunday

– A day when a large massacre of workers that were A day when a large massacre of workers that were petitioning against the Tsar happenedpetitioning against the Tsar happened

Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin– A Russian revolutionary leaderA Russian revolutionary leader

BolsheviksBolsheviks– The communists who represented the workers, and The communists who represented the workers, and

supported Leninsupported Lenin AbdicateAbdicate

– To formally step down from powerTo formally step down from power October ManifestoOctober Manifesto

– The document that granted civil liberties and rights to The document that granted civil liberties and rights to the Russiansthe Russians

DumaDuma– An elected parliament to aid the Tsar in governingAn elected parliament to aid the Tsar in governing

Works CitedWorks CitedInformation

http://encarta.msn.com

http://en.internationalism.org/ir/120_1905-i.html

http://www.thenagain.info/Webchron/EastEurope/1905Rev.html

Leaders of the Russian Revolution [Book]

Russia in War and Revolution [Book]

Pictures

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Bloody-Sunday-(1905)

www.smfc.k12.ca.us

http://libcom.org/history/1905-the-russian-revolution

Russian Russian RevolutionRevolution (1917-1918)(1917-1918)

Class: 8-7Class: 8-7

By: Walter CollierBy: Walter CollierAdrian PangAdrian PangJeremy WongJeremy Wong

Jaslyn TeoJaslyn Teo

Who was Alexander Kerensky and what Who was Alexander Kerensky and what problems did his Provisional Government problems did his Provisional Government

face?face?Alexander Kerensky was the Alexander Kerensky was the

Prime Minister of the Prime Minister of the Provisional Government Provisional Government when the Czar was kicked when the Czar was kicked out of Russia. However, he out of Russia. However, he didn’t have the support of didn’t have the support of the Russian people. There the Russian people. There were some powerful rebels were some powerful rebels and Kerensky allowed the and Kerensky allowed the Bolsheviks to set up a Bolsheviks to set up a defense force called the defense force called the Red Guards, which he Red Guards, which he became the Minister of became the Minister of War. Later, the Bolsheviks War. Later, the Bolsheviks wanted to take over the wanted to take over the weakened Provisional weakened Provisional Government and Government and encouraged riots and encouraged riots and strikes to go to Kerensky.strikes to go to Kerensky.

Causes of the Russian RevolutionCauses of the Russian Revolution

March 7, 1917, March 7, 1917, managers of a factory managers of a factory fired their workers when fired their workers when they asked for more pay. they asked for more pay. Over 20,000 people were Over 20,000 people were jobless and angry, the jobless and angry, the protests began. As the protests began. As the days went by, the number days went by, the number of workers in the protest of workers in the protest increased.increased.

March 8, Woman’s March 8, Woman’s International Day. International Day. Peasants, mostly Peasants, mostly woman paraded down woman paraded down the streets demanding the streets demanding peace, liberty and peace, liberty and bread. bread. The main reason for the

protests was not because of the job losses or because of the inflation caused by the war. It was also because the peasants felt that their voices were not being heard by the Tsar, Tsarina and the upper classmen. They wanted justice and rights.

Protests marching down the streets of Petrograd

WWhho o IIs s LLeenniinn??

HHoow w hhee ccaamme e tto o ppoowweerr

Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov, or Lenin as he later became, was bore in a small city of Simbrisk, located in central European Russia. Lenin had five brothers and sisters. In 1898 Lenin married to a woman named Nadezhda Krupskaya. They had no children together.

From 1899 to 1902 Lenin wrote many serious items, including books, pamphlets, and a newspaper. In a meeting in 1903 Lenin lead a group of radicals called the Bolsheviks, who opposed the Mensheviks; another group of radicals led by Martov, Lenin’s rival. In 1905 Russia went to war with Japan which resulted in many demonstrations and strikes, including Bloody Sunday. In 1914 the emperor abdicated and the Russian monarchy collapsed. Leaving Lenin in power.

Lenin's brothers and sisters.

Lenin during his arrest in connection with the case of the St. Petersburg "League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class."

What immediate actions did Lenin What immediate actions did Lenin following after the Oct/Nov revolution?following after the Oct/Nov revolution?

After the Oct/Nov After the Oct/Nov revolution, Vladimir revolution, Vladimir Lenin set up a Lenin set up a government called government called Sovnarkom. He Sovnarkom. He immediately issued immediately issued decrees on the decrees on the people of Russia. A people of Russia. A few important ones few important ones were decrees on work were decrees on work time and worker’s time and worker’s control. control.

Adrian Pang 8-7

He also wanted peace immediately, so he signed a peace treaty with Germany

under any condition.

Lenin took power and land away from the nobles, the Tsar, the churches and other landlords, and divide the land among the peasants. He also wanted peace immediately, so he signed a peace treaty with Germany under any

condition.

GlossaryGlossaryWordWord DefinitionDefinition

Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin A communist revolutionary leader of A communist revolutionary leader of Russian history Russian history

Alexander Alexander KerenskyKerensky

Provisional Provisional Having temporary power Having temporary power

PetrogradPetrograd Another name for St. PetersburgAnother name for St. Petersburg

Red GuardsRed Guards The army of the BolsheviksThe army of the Bolsheviks

TreatyTreaty An agreement of peace or allianceAn agreement of peace or alliance

Works CitedWorks Cited

InformationInformation www.encarat.comwww.encarat.com

Leaders of the Russian Leaders of the Russian Revolution (package)Revolution (package)

Stalin and the Soviet Stalin and the Soviet union (package)union (package)

From Tsar to Stalin From Tsar to Stalin (film)(film)

PicturesPictures images.google.comimages.google.com

Picsearch.comPicsearch.com

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution1918-19241918-1924

Class 8-7Class 8-7

Candice, Helena, and SophiaCandice, Helena, and Sophia

What opposition did Lenin face What opposition did Lenin face during the Civil War? How did he during the Civil War? How did he

win the war?win the war? The main opponents Lenin The main opponents Lenin

faced were that of revolutionary faced were that of revolutionary groups, such as the Mensheviks, groups, such as the Mensheviks, Socialists (the Socialists (the whiteswhites), ), anarchists and the Provisional anarchists and the Provisional government. government.

Lenin won the war by leading Lenin won the war by leading his revolutionary group, the his revolutionary group, the Bolsheviks, or known as the Bolsheviks, or known as the red red armyarmy, to rebel against the , to rebel against the capital. Once Lenin got power capital. Once Lenin got power over congress and the capital over congress and the capital he announced that a new he announced that a new government was to be set up.government was to be set up.

Lenin

Lenin with his armyThe Red Army

How did Lenin try to fix Russia’s How did Lenin try to fix Russia’s problems following the Civil War?problems following the Civil War?

Lenin was the Russia's Lenin was the Russia's revolutionary leader. To fix revolutionary leader. To fix Russia's problems following the Russia's problems following the civil war Lenin helped the civil war Lenin helped the peasants by allowing them to peasants by allowing them to pay less tax, some factories pay less tax, some factories were given back to there owner, were given back to there owner, and people could start using and people could start using money and didn’t have to barter money and didn’t have to barter anymore but since many of them anymore but since many of them still protested, he came up with still protested, he came up with the the NEPNEP to stop them. He also to stop them. He also made a peace treaty with the made a peace treaty with the Germans. This peace treaty was Germans. This peace treaty was to get out of the war with the to get out of the war with the Germans. Also to help, Lenin Germans. Also to help, Lenin introduced introduced War CommunismWar Communism to to Russia.Russia.

Lenin

Two pages of the peace treaty with the Germans

Who was Joseph Stalin and how Who was Joseph Stalin and how did he differ from Leon Trotsky?did he differ from Leon Trotsky?

Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky both started off on the same both started off on the same side but had different theories side but had different theories on what to do with Russia. At on what to do with Russia. At one point, they were both one point, they were both running to be leaders of the running to be leaders of the USSRUSSR. Trotsky lost and as a . Trotsky lost and as a result, he stepped down and result, he stepped down and Stalin took power. Even Stalin took power. Even though both Stalin and Trotsky though both Stalin and Trotsky helped make the helped make the Red ArmyRed Army stronger, they both wanted to stronger, they both wanted to use the army in different use the army in different ways. When Stalin had ways. When Stalin had complete power, he banished complete power, he banished Trotsky from Russia, but since Trotsky from Russia, but since he refused to be quite, Stalin he refused to be quite, Stalin had the secret police (had the secret police (ChekaCheka) ) murder him in Mexico and murder him in Mexico and Stalin ended the Russian Stalin ended the Russian Revolution.Revolution.

Leon Trotsky

Pages from Stalin’s book

Joseph Stalin

GlossaryGlossaryWordWord DefinitionDefinition

RedsReds Russian Army; Communist ArmyRussian Army; Communist Army

WhitesWhites RRussian Army; Socialists Armyussian Army; Socialists Army

ChekaCheka The state secret police organization (GPU) The state secret police organization (GPU)

Red TerrorRed Terror Where the Bolsheviks committed mass arrests Where the Bolsheviks committed mass arrests and executionsand executions

War CommunismWar Communism An economic system that was introduced to An economic system that was introduced to russia during the civil war. It combined russia during the civil war. It combined emergency measures and socialists dogma.emergency measures and socialists dogma.

New Economic New Economic Policy (NEP) Policy (NEP)

TTo temporarily abandon the socialist economics o temporarily abandon the socialist economics systems.systems.

USSR USSR LLeaders of the communist partyeaders of the communist party

Works CitedWorks Cited

Information:Information: http://www.encarta.comhttp://www.encarta.com Russia in War and RevolutionRussia in War and Revolution Leaders of the Russian RevolutionLeaders of the Russian Revolution Stalin and the Soviet Union Stalin and the Soviet Union www.dictionary.comwww.dictionary.com www.reference.com www.reference.com

Pictures:Pictures: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/

leon_trotsky.htmleon_trotsky.htm http://www.flickr.comhttp://www.flickr.com http://radeonator.blogdrive.com/http://radeonator.blogdrive.com/

archive/5.htmlarchive/5.html http://www.outlawnet.com/~oclass/http://www.outlawnet.com/~oclass/

client client http://www.vor.ru/English/homeland/http://www.vor.ru/English/homeland/

home_031.htmlhome_031.html http://www.gpc.edu/~proseman/http://www.gpc.edu/~proseman/

RussRev.htm RussRev.htm

StalinStalinClass 8-7Class 8-7

Krista SagerKrista SagerVictor LiuVictor Liu Theo GaoTheo Gao

Annie WangAnnie Wang

1924-1941

What impact did Stalin have on What impact did Stalin have on agriculture and Russia’s farmers?agriculture and Russia’s farmers?

During the 1920s, peasants were During the 1920s, peasants were taxed due to lack of money while taxed due to lack of money while

building railways, factories, mines & building railways, factories, mines & power stations. Peasants decided to power stations. Peasants decided to

keep grain reserved for workers, keep grain reserved for workers, because they received so little. To because they received so little. To

solve this problem, there were police solve this problem, there were police raids & strict food rationing.raids & strict food rationing.

In 1929, peasants were sent to In 1929, peasants were sent to collectivecollective farms, or kolkhoz. farms, or kolkhoz. KulaksKulaks

were the richest peasants. In were the richest peasants. In December 1929, kulaks were divided December 1929, kulaks were divided

into 3 groups. Actively hostile into 3 groups. Actively hostile peasants were deported to Siberia, peasants were deported to Siberia,

the wealthiest kulaks were deported the wealthiest kulaks were deported to other parts of Russia, and the least to other parts of Russia, and the least

harmful of kulaks were allowed to harmful of kulaks were allowed to stay, but given the worst land. stay, but given the worst land.

Peasants had to fight starvation, Peasants had to fight starvation, disease, and the cold. Peasants hated disease, and the cold. Peasants hated collectivization, so in February 1930, collectivization, so in February 1930,

they killed livestock, & destroyed they killed livestock, & destroyed crops, tools & buildings. This dropped crops, tools & buildings. This dropped Russia’s food production, and started Russia’s food production, and started

a a faminefamine. .

A Kulak family at home before being deported

Peasants harvesting potatoes on a collective farm

Peasants eating on a collective farm

What impact did Stalin have on industry What impact did Stalin have on industry and Russia’s industrial workers?and Russia’s industrial workers?

The The Five-Year PlanFive-Year Plan was to improve was to improve Russia’s economy. The three Five-Russia’s economy. The three Five-Year Plans spanned from 1929 to Year Plans spanned from 1929 to

1941. Goals were set for the 1941. Goals were set for the workers and they had to achieve workers and they had to achieve them under a limited amount of them under a limited amount of time. Workers who failed were time. Workers who failed were punished. The workers became punished. The workers became

tired because they worked tired because they worked everyday. However, some liked it everyday. However, some liked it

and obeyed. These workers and obeyed. These workers received higher pay and better received higher pay and better

housing. Stalin continued making housing. Stalin continued making goals more impossible to achieve, goals more impossible to achieve, some tasks were so big there were some tasks were so big there were

not enough workers. Prisons not enough workers. Prisons became labor camps, and the became labor camps, and the

prisoners or zeks worked there. The prisoners or zeks worked there. The GulagGulag was a special department was a special department

that ran the labor camps. Problems that ran the labor camps. Problems of industrialization included of industrialization included

increased amount of peasants, increased amount of peasants, harsh discipline and bad conditions. harsh discipline and bad conditions. However, the good thing was that However, the good thing was that The Five-Year Plan worked and the The Five-Year Plan worked and the economy improved. Nobody was economy improved. Nobody was

unemployed.unemployed.

People dying in a labor camp

Mining coal

How did Stalin deal with opposition to him How did Stalin deal with opposition to him or his leadership?or his leadership?

Stalin aptly fits his pseudonym Stalin aptly fits his pseudonym “man of steel”. He was a cruel “man of steel”. He was a cruel and autocratic ruler. He used and autocratic ruler. He used

his power as General Secretary his power as General Secretary to control party members and to control party members and

know everything that was know everything that was happening, which allowed him happening, which allowed him to build alliances, isolate his to build alliances, isolate his

rivals and destroy them. Later, rivals and destroy them. Later, when he rose to power, he when he rose to power, he

began the began the purgespurges: systematic : systematic elimination of his enemies. elimination of his enemies.

Through the Through the NKVDNKVD-the secret -the secret police-he crushed all opposition, police-he crushed all opposition,

be it friend or foe. He even be it friend or foe. He even went as far as to erase certain went as far as to erase certain enemies, such as Trotsky, from enemies, such as Trotsky, from

history, and eventually history, and eventually arranged for him to be arranged for him to be

assassinated in his home in assassinated in his home in Mexico.Mexico.

Leon Trotsky; Stalin’s

opposition

How did Stalin promote himself and How did Stalin promote himself and maintain popularity with the Russian maintain popularity with the Russian

people?people?Stalin used censorship and Stalin used censorship and propagandapropaganda to promote and to promote and

maintain popularity. He made maintain popularity. He made sure he was recognized as sure he was recognized as leader; his face was found leader; his face was found

throughout cities, and landmarks throughout cities, and landmarks were christened after him. were christened after him. People would applause at People would applause at

mention of his name, and to the mention of his name, and to the public he was known as public he was known as

Universal Genius and Shining Universal Genius and Shining Sun of Humanity. Worship of Sun of Humanity. Worship of

Stalin was strongly encouraged, Stalin was strongly encouraged, and propaganda was created to and propaganda was created to turn people away from religion. turn people away from religion. Creative work was only allowed Creative work was only allowed to be based on his life or show to be based on his life or show the progress of communism. the progress of communism.

Stalin Stalin purgedpurged those he thought those he thought were enemies, resulting with were enemies, resulting with

officials loyal only to him.officials loyal only to him.

“Under the Leadership of the Great Stalin—Forward to Communism!”

“Beloved Stalin—a fortune of the nation!”

GlossaryGlossaryWordWord DefinitionDefinition

CollectivesCollectives Farms where peasants were sent to Farms where peasants were sent to to workto work

KulaksKulaks The richest peasantsThe richest peasants

FamineFamine A period when there is a lack of A period when there is a lack of foodfood

Five-Year Five-Year PlanPlan

A plan to improve economy A plan to improve economy and industrialization of USSRand industrialization of USSR

GulagGulag People in charge of the labor People in charge of the labor campscamps

PurgesPurges Systematic elimination of Systematic elimination of enemiesenemies

NKVDNKVD The secret policeThe secret police

PropagandaPropaganda Information given out in large Information given out in large numbers to influence the massesnumbers to influence the masses

BibliographyBibliography

ContentContentLongman: 20Longman: 20thth Century Century

History Series: Stalin and History Series: Stalin and the Soviet Union – The the Soviet Union – The USSR 1924-53USSR 1924-53

(booklet)(booklet)

Russia and the USSR Empire Russia and the USSR Empire of Revolution (book)of Revolution (book)

PicturesPictureshttp://corbis.com http://corbis.com

http://www.images.search.yahoo.com http://www.images.search.yahoo.com

http://students.umf.maine.edu/~talbotca/http://students.umf.maine.edu/~talbotca/page3.htmlpage3.html

http://www.answers.com/topic/joseph-stalinhttp://www.answers.com/topic/joseph-stalin

1939-19531939-1953

Alex, Jocelyn, GeorgeAlex, Jocelyn, George

Russia’s Relationship with other Russia’s Relationship with other countries During WWIIcountries During WWII

For a long time, Russia’s For a long time, Russia’s relationship with other relationship with other

countries in WW II has been countries in WW II has been unstable. unstable.

Russia tried to join the Russia tried to join the European Union but was European Union but was

rejected. Later, when world rejected. Later, when world war two started, Stalin war two started, Stalin

signed a peace treaty with signed a peace treaty with Germany to ensure the Germany to ensure the

safety of Russia. Later, when safety of Russia. Later, when Russia took over two Russia took over two

countries that weren’t countries that weren’t agreed in the treaty, Hitler agreed in the treaty, Hitler declared war on Russia. declared war on Russia.

Because Japan and Germany were allied, Stalin, in order to prevent Japan in joining in the fighting, signed a treaty with

Japan. Later, Russia was attacked by 3.1 million German forces, but was saved by the

United States of America.

Emblem of Japan’s Imperial Army, the Rising Sun

Adolf Hitler, Leader of the Nazi Party

Joseph Stalin, leader of the

USSR

What impact did world war two have on Stalin’s What impact did world war two have on Stalin’s power?power?

After World War 2, Stalin After World War 2, Stalin desperately tried to regain desperately tried to regain control and rebuild communist control and rebuild communist Russia. Sadly after the war Russia. Sadly after the war Stalin’s mental health was Stalin’s mental health was becoming really messed up. He becoming really messed up. He was becoming more unstable, was becoming more unstable, and started madly trying to and started madly trying to catch up with the United States catch up with the United States in the arms battle of creating in the arms battle of creating more efficient nuclear more efficient nuclear weapons. During this time, the weapons. During this time, the Russians started distrusting Russians started distrusting Stalin, but he kept control of Stalin, but he kept control of the country, until he died. Then the country, until he died. Then Stalin’s mental problems Stalin’s mental problems started taking hold and he started taking hold and he became sick. On March, 5 of became sick. On March, 5 of 1953 Stalin died as a result of a 1953 Stalin died as a result of a stroke. He lived for 72 years.stroke. He lived for 72 years.

Stalin

Map of Russia after world war 2

What actions did Stalin take What actions did Stalin take following World War II to following World War II to

rebuild and extend Russia’s rebuild and extend Russia’s power?power?

After world war II ended in 1945, the After world war II ended in 1945, the Japanese finally surrendered, letting Japanese finally surrendered, letting Europe be free for grabs. Stalin noticed Europe be free for grabs. Stalin noticed and placed an iron-curtain between East and placed an iron-curtain between East and West Europe, controlling who goes in and West Europe, controlling who goes in and who goes out. He wanted to control and who goes out. He wanted to control Europe, putting him in a position of power. Europe, putting him in a position of power. In 1947, the communist governments got In 1947, the communist governments got together and the Soviets formed together and the Soviets formed Cominform (Communist Information Cominform (Communist Information Bureau), a group of communist leaders, to Bureau), a group of communist leaders, to make sure that everyone followed the make sure that everyone followed the model of communism that the Soviets set. model of communism that the Soviets set. The Soviets were in control, and Stalin The Soviets were in control, and Stalin had the power to stop any communist had the power to stop any communist party that did not follow the model. Stalin party that did not follow the model. Stalin also wanted possession of the atomic also wanted possession of the atomic bomb, a very powerful war weapon, and it bomb, a very powerful war weapon, and it was developed on August 1953, after his was developed on August 1953, after his death. death.

The Iron curtain=red Line between east and west europe.

Stalin after world war 2.

Glossary Glossary 1.1. CominternComintern: A group of communist parties : A group of communist parties

formed by Lenin in 1919 that ended in 1943. formed by Lenin in 1919 that ended in 1943. 2.2. Nazi-Soviet Pact:Nazi-Soviet Pact: Peace treaty signed by the Peace treaty signed by the

Nazi party and the USSR promising half of Poland Nazi party and the USSR promising half of Poland in return. in return.

3.3. Neutrality Pact:Neutrality Pact: Pact between Soviet Union and Pact between Soviet Union and Japan, formed after the war between the Soviets Japan, formed after the war between the Soviets and Japanese in 1939.and Japanese in 1939.

4.4. Scorched Earth Policy:Scorched Earth Policy: In the event the red In the event the red army betrays the country. All rolling stock must army betrays the country. All rolling stock must be evacuated. All valuable stock must be be evacuated. All valuable stock must be destroyed or turned over to the government. destroyed or turned over to the government.

5.5. Reconstruction:Reconstruction: To rebuild something that has To rebuild something that has been damaged or destroyed. been damaged or destroyed.

6.6. Iron Curtain:Iron Curtain: A border separating east Europe A border separating east Europe and west Europe from each other.and west Europe from each other.

Work CitedWork Cited

www.ukraine.org/maps.htmlwww.ukraine.org/maps.html Film: From Tzar to StalinFilm: From Tzar to Stalin Booklet: Stalin and the Soviet Booklet: Stalin and the Soviet

UnionUnion www.encarta.msn.comwww.encarta.msn.com