ТЕРНОПІЛЬНАВЧАЛЬНА КНИГА — БОГДАН2019

АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА7-й рік навчаннярівень стандарту

ПІДРУЧНИК ДЛЯ 11 КЛАСУ ЗАКЛАДIВ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ

ENGLISHYear 7

standard level

A TEXTBOOK FOR THE 11TH FORM OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Рекомендовано Міністерством освіти і науки України

Марія КучмаІрина Задорожна

Мariia KuchmaІryna Zadorozhna

Кучма М. О.К 88 Англійська мова. 7-й рік навчання [рівень стандарту] :

підручник для 11 кл. закладів загальн. серед. освіти ; English. Year 7 [standard level] : a textbook for the 11th form of secondary schools / М. О. Кучма, І. П. Задорожна. — Тернопіль : Навчальна книга – Богдан, 2019. — 208 с. : іл.

ISBN 978-966-10-5784-4УДК 811.111(075.3)

© Кучма М. О., Задорожна І. П., 2019© Навчальна книга – Богдан, 2019

УДК 811.111(075.3) К 88

ISBN 978-966-10-5784-4

Охороняється законом про авторське право.Жодна частина цього видання не може бути відтворена

в будь-якому вигляді без дозволу видавництва.

Рекомендовано Міністерством освіти і науки України (наказ Міністерства освіти і науки України від 12.04.2019 №472)

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УМОВНІ ПОЗНАЧЕННЯ

Grammar!Listen!

Interactive Exercises

Дорогі друзі!

Розпочинається ваш сьомий рік вивчення однієї з найпопуляр-ніших мов світу. За попередні роки ви навчилися розповідати анг-лійською мовою про свою зовнішність, сім’ю, друзів, шкільне життя, улюблені види мистецтва, прочитали та прослухали цікаві тексти про Велику Британію, США та Україну тощо. Переконані, що ви розуміє-те важливість вивчення іноземної мови у сучасному світі, а тому ще з більшим ентузіазмом поглиб люватимете свої знання з англійської мови.

Цього року ви почерпнете багато цікавої та пізнавальної інформа-ції про Велику Британію та Україну, стиль життя людей різних країн. У книжці на вас також чекають тексти про музику, живопис, митців та їхні твори, професії тощо. Завдяки їм ви й самі зможете розповідати про улюблені книги, фільми, картини, теле- та радіопередачі, свою школу, майбутню професію тощо. Підручник допоможе поглибити знання з граматики англійської мови та значно розширити словнико-вий запас.

Тож бажаємо вам успіхів у навчанні та захоплюючої праці з книж-кою, сторінки якої ви гортатимете упродовж року!

Авторський колектив

Home Assignment

Revi

sion

1. Look at the pictures. Work in two groups. Ask and answer the questions as in the model. Use the words and word combinations given below.

Model: A: Which items does your teacher use in Chemistry lesson?

B: He/she uses hand lens, balance, goggles, pipet, burner and others.

Words flashcards,videos,top-qualityon-lineand word resources, containers, thermometer, combinations: dynamometer, forcepts, beaker, test tubes.

Lesson 1 School Life

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Lesson 12. Work in pairs. Compare and contrast school system in Ukraine and Great

Britain. Use the phrases given below.Describing Similarities Describing Differences

• to be rather like • to be nothing like• to appear similar to • to be totallydifferentfrom•toseemlike •tovarygreatlyfrom•toresemble •tohaveverylittleincommonwith• to remind me of • to be quiteunlike•tohavealotincommonwith •tobearlittleresemblanceto• to be pretty much thesameas •todifferdramaticallyfrom• to be comparable to

3. Look at the pictures. Say which extra-curricular activities you would take up. Give your reasons.

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4. a) Read about the academic staff in one of the British schools.Theacademicstaffoftheschooliscomprisedofhighlyskillededucators.Theyare

anopen-mindedgroupofprofessionalswhowanttheirstudentstoachievesuccess.Theirprimaryaimistoencourageallsecondaryschoolstudentstodevelopintellectualcuriosity,totakeacriticallookattheworldaroundthemandalsotostarttakingmoreresponsibilityfortheirownlearning.

b) Write down about how similar/different the academic staff in your school is. Use the phrases given below. Comparing and Contrasting•Themain/greatest/mostimportant/mostsignificantdifferencebetweenthe...isthat...•Themoststriking/obvioussimilarityisthat...

5. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form (Present/Past/Future Simple, Present Perfect) and Voice (Active/Passive).1. My daughter (to have)verygoodexam results.2. Interesting experiments (to make) at the Physics lesson yesterday.3. In2005an11-yearschoolsystem(to introduce) in Ukraine.4. My mother already (to buy) me a school uniform.5. The school uniform already (to buy). 6. Students (to punish) if they break the rules.7. The headmaster (to punish) the students if they break rules.8. Soon he (to take)theElevenplusexam.

6. Look at the mind map. Write as many sentences as you can about your school life. Be ready to present them to class.

examinations and assessment

school timetable

activities atdifferentlessons

teaching staff

school system

importance of school subject

teaching aids used at the lessons

favourite subject(s)

after school activities

School Life

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Lesson 2Lesson 2 Library

1. Read about the famous libraries.Peopledon’tuselibrariesasmuchastheycouldbecauseoftheInternet.However,

librariescanbewonderfulplaces.Theyarefullofstories,nice,quietandfreeforeveryone.1. The Admont Library, Austria It is located near the Alps, and is the second largest

monasterylibraryintheworld.Itisverybeautifulwithfrescoeson the ceiling and beautiful sculptures in the library hall.

The library contains nearly 200,000 volumes. The most valuabletreasuresarethemorethan1,400manuscripts(theearliest from the 8th century).

2. Musashino Art University Library, Tokyo, Japan Whatmakesalibrary?Books,shelves,light,andbeautiful

places.MusashinoArtUniversityLibrary,whichwasopenedin2010,offersallthistothevisitors.

Itisthesimplestlibraryintheworldasitswallsaremadefrombookshelves,andareinterruptedbyreadingareas.Halfofthe 200,000 titles are placed in the open access area. Reading areas are connected to each other by small bridges.

3. New York Public Library, New York, USANew York Public Library was founded in 1895. It has

nearly 55 million items, and is the third largest library in the world. It serves more than 17 million people a year, andmillions more online.

TheNewYork Public Library historical collections holdsuch treasures as Columbus’ 1493 letter announcing hisdiscoveryoftheNewWorld,GeorgeWashington’soriginalFarewellAddress.

TheNewYorkPublicLibraryprovidespeoplewithusefulonlinetoolstohelpthemdiscoverits resourcesandservices,downloade-books,viewmore than700,000 items fromDigital Collections. There are morethan300,000freee-bookswhichvisitorsmayborrow.

4. Trinity College Library: Dublin, IrelandIt is old, but not boring!TheTrinityCollegeLibraryinDublinistheoldestlibraryin

Irelandasitwasfoundedin1592byQueenElizabethI.It looks impressive and is famous for the Long Room

whichis65metresinlengthandcontainsmorethan200,000of the library’s oldest books.

One of the most famous manuscripts is The Book of Kells: Turning Darkness into Light, whichattractsmorethan500,000visitorsayear.

AverysimilarlibraryturnedupinStarWars:EpisodeII:AttackoftheClones.

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2. Work in small groups. Discuss which of the famous libraries you would like to visit. Use the following phrases. I’dliketovisit... I think that I can... Iwouldliketosee... What I like about the library is ...

3. Read about the secondary school library.LIBRARY RULES

The library is open to students during the school day for research, reading, study, and otheractivities.Yourstudentcardisyourlibrarycard.Whenborrowingmaterials,pleasepresent your student card to a librarian.

LOAN Regularloanperiodsarethreeweeks.DVD/videomaterialloansareforoneweek.Studentsareresponsibleforreturningallmaterialsbytherequireddate.Fineis$10

per school day per item.Students must pay for lost library materials. Studentsmustclearupalltheirfinesbeforetheycanwritetheexams.NetbooksandiPadsareavaiableforovernightborrowing.

COMPUTER ACCESSThecomputersintheschoollibraryareconnectedtotheschool-widenetwork.Wirelessaccessisavailableinthecafeteriaandtheschoollibrary.

PRINTING FROM COMPUTERSEachstudentreceives50freeprintcreditsatthestartoftheschoolyear.Additional

print creditsmay be bought in the school library. Theminimum purchase is $1.00 for20credits.Wenolongeroffercolourprintinginthelibrary.

SCHOOL LIBRARY WEB PAGEOurlibrarysiteprovidesaccesstoawiderangeofelectronicresourcesforresearch

and study. These resources may be used at school or at home.FOOD AND BEVERAGES

Foodandbeveragesarenotpermittedinthelibrary.Pleaseusethecafeteriaarea.4. Discuss how different or similar your school library rules are.

Similarities: is/arelike..., is/aresimilarto...,have/hasalot incommonwith..., is/aremuch the same as... .

Differences: is/arenothinglike..., is/aretotallydifferentfrom..., is/arequiteunlike...,differ(s)from....5. Work in pairs. Make up and role-play a dialogue about your favourite

British/Ukrainian writer.6. Choose the correct item.

1. TheTrinityCollegeLibraryinDublinistheoldestlibraryinIrelandasit...in1592byQueenElizabethI.

a)hasbeenfounded c)wasfounded b) has founded d) founded

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Lesson 22. He says that the library ... to students during the holidays for research, reading,

study,andotheractivities. a)wouldbeopen c)willbeopen b)willopen d)wouldopen3. The headmaster said that wireless access ... in the cafeteria and the school

library soon. a)willbeavailable c)willavailable b)wouldbeavailable d)isavailable4. I am glad to inform you that the book ... already. a)havebeenpublished c)haspublished b)hasbeenpublished d)waspublished5. AsfarasIknowthebookseries...into38languages. a)havetranslated c)hastranslated b)havebeentranslated d)hasbeentranslated

7. Look at the mind map. Write as many sentences as you can about libraries. Be ready to present them to class.

book week

famous libraries

yourfavourite writer

types ofwriting

book review

role of books

yourfavourite bookLibrary

8. Read and enjoy the jokes about libraries.

1. A:What’sthelongestwordinthedictionary? B:Smiles.Becausethereisamilebetweeneach“s”.2. Aboycallsthelibrarianandsays,“WhendoestheLibraryopen?” Andthelibrariansays,“Atnineo’clockandwhyareyoucallingmeatmignightto

getin?” Theboysays,“Idon’twanttogetin,Iwanttogetout”.

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Lesson 3 Mass Media (Press)1. Read the text. Give the definitions of the words in bold.

NewspapersNewspapers and the journalists/reporterswhowritearticles for them are called

the press. The editordecideswhatisprinted.Qualitynewspapersdealwiththenewsinaseriousway.Tabloidsaresmallerinsize

andsomeofthemhavesensational stories and gossip columns.Photographerswhofollowfamouspeopleinordertotakephotographsofthemarecalledpaparazzi.Youcanbuy newspapers and magazines at the newsagent’soryoumighthavethemdeliveredto your house by a paper boy or paper girl. (from Oxford Wordpower Dictionary)

2. Look at the pictures. Are they from quality newspapers or tabloids? Explain why you think so.

3. Read the text. Write down and then tell the class why tabloids have so many devoted readers.

TabloidsTodaymorethantwiceasmanytabloidsaresoldastheso-called’qualitypress’.Originally,theword’tabloid’referredtothesizeandformat.Buttoday,formostpeople,

theword ’tabloid’hasnothing todowithshapeandsize.The tabloids followaspecialformula: scandals,murdersanddisastersareall described in detail.Tabloidsdedicatemost of their pages to stories about celebrities. This involves photographing them inembarrassingsituations,gossipingabout theirprivate livesandgenerallymaking themlook a bit silly.

However, the tabloids are not simply an irritation for celebrities; the tabloids areavehicleforself-promotion,ameansforgainingpopularity.

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Lesson 3Thoughtheyhavemillionsofdevotedreaders,tabloidsarealsowidelycriticized.They

areaccusedofbeingsensationalist, inbadtaste,andofhavingnoethicalstandardsintheir reporting methods.

Theyfollowpeopleonholiday,andevenbreakintotheirhousesinordertogetastory.Whencriticizedfortheiractions,thetabloidsstatethatthepublichasarighttoknowaboutanythingandeverything,butcelebritieshavenorightstoprivacyatall.

Tabloidsarenotactuallyaboutnewsatall;tabloidsarejustaboutgossip.Andweallknowthatwhenitcomestogossip,whatmattersisnotwhatistrueorwhatiskind,butwhatis entertaining and funny. The more in bad taste a story is, the funnier it seems.

4. Work in pairs. Exchange your ideas about ethical standards of tabloids and paparazzi.

5. Read four sections for writing true stories. Put them into a logical order. a) Moral (the lesson of the story).b) Problem.c) Setting (characters, place, time).d) Solution.

6. Write a true story for a magazine. Keep to the sections in exercise 5. Give your story a good title.

7. Rewrite the sentences in Indirect Speech.1.Theboysaid,“Ihavebeenpaintingalldaylong”.2.Thegirlsaid,“Hehasbeensellingnewspapersfortwohoursalready”.3.Tomsaid,“Ihavebeenclimbingthemountains”.4.Marysaid,“Ihavebeenplayingtennis”.5.Johnsaid,“Theyhavebeenmakingtheirwaythroughthejungle”.6.Petersaid,“Theyhavebeenrelaxing”.7.Janesaid,“Shehasbeenswimmingintheocean”.

8. Look at the mind map. Write as many sentences as you can about mass media. Be ready to present them to class.

titlesandcover linestabloids

headlinesradio

newspapers

television magazines

Mass Media

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Lesson 4 Lifestyle1. Explain the quotation in your own words.

“Lifeislikeridingabicycle;youdon’tfalloffunlessyoustoppedaling”. (Claude Pepper)

2. List as many hobbies as you can. Say which of them you prefer.

3. Work in pairs. Discuss your hobbies. Say which similar hobbies you both enjoy.

4. a) Work in pairs. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give reasons and examples to support your point of view.

Hobbies1.Hobbiesare the recreationactivities.2.Hobbiesareasvariousas theworldof

humaninterestsandexperience.3.Hobbiesincludeanelementofexplorationthatgivesthehobbyistachancetodiscovertheworldandhis/herabilities.4.Hobbiesprovideuswithmeansofexpressingemotionsandoffermanyopportunitiestocreateanewworldofentertainment.5.Theysatisfyourwishforlearning.

b) Form groups with another pair and exchange your ideas.

5. Make up a list of extra-curricular activities which are encouraged in your school. Say which of them you take up.music making, amateur drama, hobbies, clubs, school societies, discussing societies,

schooltourstolocalplacesofinterest,naturalisticsocieties,stageperformances,out-of-dooractivities(football,camping,swimming,climbing,cycling,educationalvisits,careofpets and other animals, school competitions, hiking)6. Study the layout of an informal letter.

Your addressThe date

GreetingHi..., / Dear...

IntroductionAskyourfriendsomeintroductoryquestions.How are you? Hope everything is OK.

Main Body1.Givethereasonsforwriting.I’m writing to let you know that...2. Describe the subject of the letter.

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Lesson 4Closing Remarks

Well, I must finish... Write back soon.Let me know if you...I hope I’ll see you here soon.

Sign OffSay goodbye and sign your name.All the best / Lots of love / Yours, Ann.

7. Write a letter to a friend. Describe a fair you have attended or would like to attend. Mention:

• place• time• atmosphere•weather

• people• description of the fair• description of celebrations

8. Rewrite the sentences given below in Indirect Speech.1.“Isshereadingareport?”heaskedme.2.“Aretheydiscussingasciencefictionbook?”sheaskedhim.3.“Look,ishelaughingreadingcomics?”sheaskedthem.4.“Wereyoutakingoutbooksfromthelibrary?”theyaskedus.5.“Wasshedeliveringnewspapers?”heaskedme.6.“Haveyoupublishedstripcartoons?”sheaskedus.7.“Hasthenewspaperalreadycomeout?”theyaskedhim.8.“HadtheysubscribedtothenewspaperbyTuesday?”heaskedher.9.“Willyougotothetheatrewithme?”MaryaskedNick.10.“Shevisitsthefaireveryyear”,hesaidtome.

9. Work in pairs. One student says the words that he/she associates with one of the words below. The other student adds his/her associations that haven’t been mentioned. Take turns. 1. hobbies 3. holidays 2. school day 4. sports

10. Look at the mind map. Write as many sentences as you can about your lifestyle. Be ready to present them to class.

clothes and appearance

shopping

holidays and traditions

travelling

working/schoolday

interests

hobbies

Lifestyle

sports and games

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Lesson 5 Music1. a) Read the words and word combinations and match them with the

definitions on the right. There are more words and word combinations than definitions.

1. rap2. rock3.heavymetal4. country andwestern

5. folk6. classical7. opera8.jazz9.techno10. blues11. pop

a) musicofAfrican-Americanorigin,characterizedbytheuseofimprovisation

b) music or song in the traditional style of a countryc)atypeofmodernpopularmusicwithastrongbeat,played

on electric guitars, etc.d)slowsadjazzmusicoriginatedamongblacksinthe

Southern USAe) serious and traditional in style music of the period 1750–1800f)atypeofmusicmadepopularbyAfrican-Americans,

expressing strong emotionsg)atypeofmusicthatderivesfromthefolkmusicofthesouthernandwesternUS

h)aplayinwhichwordsaresungtoamusicalaccompanimenti) modern popular music

2. Make a list of your five favourite singers and groups. Write and then tell about one of them (career, greatest hits, latest albums).

3. Look at the photos. Say:•whatinstrumentsthechildrenareplaying;•whichofthefamouspeoplecanplaytheseinstruments.

Describe one of the photos.

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Lesson 54. Work in small groups. Discuss the following questions.

1. What instruments does a symphony/chamber orchestra consist of?2. Whatarethemostpopularinstrumentsofpopgroups,jazzandrockbands?3. Whyhasaguitarbecomeaverypopularinstrumentinrecentyears?4. Doyoupreferperformanceswithanentireorchestraorsimplywithaguitar?Why?5. Can you play any musical instrument? Does it help you understand music?6. Whatdoyouknowaboutvideoclips?Howdotheyaffectmusic?

5. a) Listen to the melodies. Guess which musical instruments are playing. b) Say which feelings and emotions each melody has evoked in you. relaxation embarrassment deppression excitement boredom enthusiasm

6. Read the sentences below. For questions (1–3) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).1. “Wherehaveyouspentthismorning?”sheaskedme. ASheaskedmewhereIspentthatmorning. BSheaskedmewhereIhadspentthatmorning. CSheaskedmewhereIhadspentthismorning. DSheaskedmewherehadIspentthatmorning.2. “Doesyourfriendliketolistentojazz?”heaskedher. AHeaskedherifherfriendlikedtolistentojazz. BHeaskedherdidherfriendliketolistentojazz. CHeaskedherifherfriendliketolistentojazz. DHeaskedherdoesherfriendliketolistentojazz.3. Isaidtoher,“Please,donotdrivefast.” AIaskedhertonotdrivefast. CIaskedherdidnotdrivefast. BIaskedherdonotdrivefast. DIaskedhernottodrivefast.

7. Be ready to speak about music. Use the mind map. Write 3–4 sentences on each topic.

favouritesong/ singer/band/composer

types of music

musical instruments

performers

Music

attending a concert

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Lesson 6 Ukraine (Country and People)1. Read the text and give it a heading.

Lviv (population 733,000) is an important transportation and industrial centre. Itsmanufactures include electronic equipment, motor vehicles, agricultural machinery,chemicals, textiles, and processed food. It is one of the leading cultural centres.

Zaporizhzhya (815,000) is the major industrial city. Products include aluminium,processed magnesium, iron and steel, motor vehicles, agricultural machinery, andchemicals. The city is the site of the large Dniprohes hydroelectric station.

Odesa(1,029,000)isthechieftradeandfishingportofthecountry.Itisalsoamajormanufacturing, railroad, and cultural centre and a popular resort. Products of the city includerefinedpetroleum,processedfood,plastics,pharmaceuticals,andclothing.

Ternopil(233,152)isanimportantrailjunctionandhighwayhub.Itsindustriesproducefood products (sugar, beer, dairy, meat), cotton textiles, synthetic leather, clothing, electric parts, farm machinery, and building materials.

Donetsk (1,016,000) is a chief industrial city. Among the city’s principal manufactures areironandsteel,machinery,chemicals,electricequipment,andprocessedfood.

Dnipro (1,065,000) is a chief industrial city of Ukraine. Its manufactures include steel, constructionmaterials,chemicals,railroadequipment,andagriculturalandminingmachinery.

Rivne (244,357) is a road and rail junction and industrial centre. Industries in thecityproducetractors,high-powerequipment,chemicals(ammonia,acids,andfertilizers),buildingmaterials, foodproducts, linenandother consumer goods.Flax, small grains,sugarbeets,andpotatoesaregrownnearby.

Kharkiv (1,470,000) is a chief industrial and transportation centre. Manufacturesincludefarmandminingmachinery,electricandrailroadequipment,chemicals,machinetools, and processed food.

(from Encarta Encyclopedia)2. Talk about the cities of Ukraine. Use the phrases given below.

• What do you think of...? •Howdoyoulike...?•Howdoyoufind...? • What about...?

Model: A: What do you think of Ternopil? B: It is rather like Rivne. They both produce building materials, food

products, and clothing, and are important rail junctions.

3. a) Match the inventions (1–4) to the names of their inventors (a–d).

1. bloodless blood test2. helicopter3.X-ray4. gas lamp

a) Anatolii Malyhin b) Ihor Sikorskyic)IvanPuliuid)IhnatiiLukasevych

b) Decide if the statements below are true or false. Correct the false ones.1. TheideaofahelicopterbelongstoLeonardodaVinci.2. Thefirstgaslampwasinventedin1893.

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Lesson 63. UkrainianscientistIvanPuliuiinventedX-ray14yearsafterWilgelmRontgen.4. Ukrainebuiltthewholeplanttoproducebloodlessbloodtest.

4. a) Read the following questions. Write at least one additional question on the same topic.

1. NametheprominentUkrainianwriters.2. Whendid the first literary period inUkraine start?Which other periods do you

know?3. WhichUkrainiancitieshavethepopulationoveronemillionpeople?4. WhatoutstandingUkrainiancomposersdoyouknow?5.WhatfamousUkrainianscientistsdoyouknow?Whatinventionsdidtheymake?

b) Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions. 5. Choose the correct item.

1. Thescientistsaidhe...athisinventionallhislife. a)wasworking c)isworking b)hadbeenworking d)hasbeenworking2. Korolyov’simportantroleinthespaceprogram...onlyafterhisdeath. a)wouldbepublicallyrecognized c)willbepublicallyrecognized b)waspublicallyrecognized d)publicallyrecognized3. Theguidesaidthatthetourists...theartgalleryfirst. a)visit c)havevisited b)willvisit d)wouldvisit4. I...thebookforthreeweeksalready. a) am reading c) has been reading b)havebeenreading d)hadbeenreading5. TheteachersaidthatYevhen Paton ... 35 bridges. a)constructed c)wasconstructed b) had constructed d) has constructed

6. Be ready to speak about Ukraine. Use the mind map.

cities

climate andweather

villages

geographical position

sights

Ukraine

street

literature

scientists

folk music and dances

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Lesson 7 The United Kingdom (Country and People)1. Read the text and give it a heading.

Glasgow(population578,700)isScotland’slargestcity.Itisthemainindustrialandcommercial centre in Scotland.

Edinburgh (449,000) is the capital of Scotland and also the country’s majoradministrativeandfinancialcentre.ItisScotland’smaintouristdestinationandhoststheEdinburghInternationalFestival,thelargestannualartsfestivalintheUnitedKingdom.

The major city of Wales is Cardiff (315,000), the capital, principal seaport andshipbuilding centre.

Oxford(England) isanadministrativecentre.Thecity is famousastheseatof theUniversityofOxford,oneoftheoldestandbestknownuniversitiesintheworld.

Oxfordisalsoanindustrialcentrewithprintingoperations;othermanufacturesincludemotorvehicles,andsteelproducts.

Birmingham (England) (976,400) is the second largest city inBritain. It is thehubof the British metal goods industry. Among the principal metal product manufactures are motor vehicle parts,machine tools, household utensils, and jewellery.Other importantmanufacturesincludeelectricalequipment,glassrubberproduct,andchemicals.Thecityislocatedinanimportantcoal-miningregion.

Manchester(England)isamajorindustrialcentreandhaslongbeenknownastheleading cotton textile manufacturing city in Britain. It is also an important port. The city’s manufacturesincludepaperproducts,pharmaceuticals,electricalandaircraftequipment,computers,electronicequipment,andfoodproducts.

Dublin (Ireland) is the capital and a seaport of Ireland. Chief industrial establishments includebreweries,distilleries,andplantsproducingelectricalandelectronicequipment,footwear,glass,pharmaceuticals,andprocessedfoods.

Belfast(Ireland)(6,693)isapopulartouristdestination.2. Look at the pictures. Say which city is depicted in each picture. Describe

the cities.

A C

B D

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Lesson 73. Tell your class five facts you remember about British literary periods and

writers.

4. Think and write down two examples of celebrations in Ukraine on each type of festivals and feasts.

Harvest andthanksgiving

festivals

Modernfestivals and feasts

Secular festivals

Festivalsofethnic and national groups

Communal feasts

Culturalfestivals

5. Look at the photos and answer the questions.

Michael Elizabeth Garrett Isaac Mary Charles Faraday Anderson Newton Anning Darwin

1.Whoderivedthelawofuniversalgravitation?2.WhowasthefirstEnglishwomantoqualifyasadoctor?3.Whodiscoveredelectromagneticinduction?4.WhowasanearlyBritishfossilcollector?5.WhowasthefirstEuropeantovisitHawaii?6.Whoformulatedthetheoryofevolution?7.Whoinvestigatedthecirculationofblood?

6. Write and then discuss in class what makes a country. Explain your ideas.

Country

people

climate

Unit

1

LIFESTYLE

Lesson 8Healthy Lifestyle

1. a) Ask your classmates the following questions.1. What is a healthy lifestyle? 2. Do they lead a healthy lifestyle?3. Why is a healthy lifestyle important?

b) Sum up your classmates’ answers and say what a healthy lifestyle is, whether it is important and if your classmates’ lifestyle is healthy.

2. Listen and read the words and word combinations. Write three-four items you think will be discussed during this lesson. Check it.

well-beingstrengthenmusclesbonesreducechronic diseasesnacksurf onlineoverweightavoid

[wel ˈbiːɪŋ][ˈstreŋθn][ˈmʌsəlz][ˈboʊnz][rɪˈdjuːs][ˈkrɒnɪk dɪˈziːz][snæk][sɜːf ɑːnˈlaɪn][ˌoʊvərˈweɪt][əˈvɔɪd]

21

Lesson 83. Fill in the gaps with the words from exercise 2. Think of all the other

changes.1. The medicine ... the risk of infection.2. Theseexerciseswill...yourmuscles.3. Sheexercisesregularlytodevelopherback....4. Herclassmatesnow...her.5. Hesuffersfrommany....6. Ididn’thavetimeforlunchsoIjusthadaquick....7. He...tofindthenecessaryinformation.8. The...personhaddifficultyrunningevenashortdistance.9. Doctorsareresponsibleforthecareand...oftheirpatients.

4. a) Listen to the text and choose the ways of leading a healthy lifestyle from the list below:

• Exercisingeveryday• Drinking fruit juice• Eatingplentyoffruitandvegetables• Drinkingwater• Learningwithcomputer• Reducing time spent on the screen• Eating chocolates to think better• Avoidingbadhabits

b) Listen to the text again and say whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false statements and comment on the true ones.1. Teensshouldgetatleastanhourofphysicalactivityeveryday.2. Fruitjuicesareveryuseful.3. Teensshouldeatfiveservesoffruitandtwoservesofvegetableseveryday.4. Teens must spend no more than an hour a day on computer.5. Playingcomputergames,youmaybecomeoverweight.

c) Why do you think it is important to drink water?

d) Sum up how to lead a healthy lifestyle. Add your own ideas.

5. Name: a)oneredfruit; d)twokindsoffoodthatcomefrommilk;b)oneyellowfruit; e)fourvegetablesthatyouusuallyputinsalad;c)onegreenfruit; f)fourhealthythingsthatpeoplemayhavefordinner?

6. You will have to interview different people on a healthy lifestyle and whether they try to lead it. In pairs brainstorm the questions, then discuss them in class.

7. Interview your friends / parents / people in the street about a healthy lifestyle using the questions you prepared in class. Be ready to speak about the results.

22

UNIT 1 Lifestyle

Lesson 9Happy and Healthy1. Look at the pictures. Which of them refer to a healthy lifestyle? Describe

the pictures.

2. Discuss the following with your classmate:1) Doyouthinkpositiveemotionsare importantforpeople’swell-being?Why?/

Why not?2) What do you like to do? What makes you happy?

3. Read the text and answer the questions after it.

Enjoy life and be healthy

Have a healthy social life, which will help to enjoy your lifedespite the stress of school. Try to makeatleasttwobestfriends.Shopwith them, enjoy buying clothestogether.Visitplaceswhereyoucancommunicatewithotherteenagersorpeople around your age.

23

Lesson 9Have hobbies and show off your talents.

Read, play computer games, draw, play musicalinstruments,writemusic,createstoriesandpoems,sing, cook,bake,makeyourownclothes,workona car, or do yoga. Get a Facebook or Instagramaccount,buttrynottouseittoomuch.Makevideoswith your friends and postthem on YouTube. Listen tothehottestnewmusicandthe

coolest songs of your choice. Support your favorite sports team.Findwhateveryouenjoydoinganddoit!

Create your own style.Beyourselfandseewhatlooksgoodon you.

Study hard at school and be active. Education is the most important thing in yourlife.Alwaysdoyourhomeworkintime.Ifyouaregettingbadgradesbecauseyouarestrugglingwithsomething,askforhelp,but if youare just lazy, it cancertainlyaffect your collegeandcareeropportunitiesinthefuture.Attenddifferentclubsorcreateyourown.Yourcollegeapplicationwilllookgood.

Listen to your parents, and it will make your lifemuch easier and enjoyable!

Youparentsmightbenotasmodernasyou,buttheyexperiencedalotandsomaygiveyouvaluableadvice.Besides, parentsare yourmostdevoted friendswhocare about you.

1. Whatarethemainpiecesofadvicegiveninthetext?Doyouagreewithallofthem?

2. Whatdoesitmeantohaveahealthysociallife?3. Whyisitimportanttohaveatleasttwobestfriends?4. Whatdoyouusuallydotogetherwithyourfriends?5. Whathobbiesdoyouhave?Whydoyoulikedoingthem?6. Howcanyoucreateyourownstyle?7. Why is it important to study hard at school?8. Whomdoyouusuallyaskforhelpifyouarestrugglingwithsomesubject?9. Whendoyouaskyourparentsforadvice?10.Whichpiecesofadviceseemthemostusefultoyou?

24

UNIT 1 Lifestyle

4. Match the words to make the word combinations.1. enjoy a) hobbies 2. make b) computer games 3.showoff c)collegeopportunities4. play d) friends5.create e)advice6. get f) bad grades7.affect g)talents8.give e)storiesandpoems9.have f)life

5. Say why it is important to: 1) haveahealthysociallife2) havehobbiesandshowoffyourtalents3) createyourownstyle4) studyhardatschoolandbeactive5) listen to your parents

6. Think what you should do to enjoy life more and be healthy. Be ready to speak about it in class.Model: I think Imuststartexercising. Itwill helpme losemyweightand feel

comfortable.Besides, itwillmakemymusclesstronger,andIwill lookbetter.

! Revision Present Simple Present Continuous Present PerfectIформадієслова am/is/are + ing have/has+IIIформадієсловапозначаєфакт позначаєпроцесдії позначаєдію допевногомоментуНапр.:Igo Напр.:Iam going Напр.: I have just come. to school. to school.

7. Write questions to ask your calssmate:1) whathe/sheknowsaboutanurseryschool;2) ifhis/herparentsarestrict;3) whetherhe/shehasskippedschool;4) whetherhe/shehasevergotintotrouble;5) whatsubjecthe/sheisstudyingnow;6) inwhichafterschoolactivitieshe/shehastakenpart;7) whetherhe/sheisbullingsomebody.

25

Lesson 10Lesson 10Modern Day Teens1. Match the words to their definitions.

1.well-being a)alightinformalmeal 2.avoid b)astateofbeinghappy,healthyandwealthy3. surf online c) make strong or stronger4. snack d) too fat 5.strengthen e)lookontheInternetwithoutseekinganythinginparticular6.overweight f)keepawayfrom

2. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the following questions.1. Doyouusuallydoyourhomeworkinanexercisebookortypeitonacomputer?

Why?2. Do you look for information in the library or on the Internet? Why?3. Doyouposthandwrittenlettersorsendemailstoyourrelativesorfriends?4. Doyouposthandwrittencardsorsendelectroniccardstoyourrelativesorfriends?5. Doyouprefertochatwithyourfriendonthephoneortextmessages?

3. Read the text. Write your title to the text. Work in small groups. Choose the title that fits the text best. Explain why.Modern day teensare not sodifferent frompast generations.Theydoalmost the

samethingsasyoungpeopledidinthepast:theygotoschool,dohomework,spendtimewiththeirfamily,communicatewithfriends,helpwiththehousework,dosports,listentomusicandsoon.However,onethingisdefinitelydifferent:useoftechnology.Whileinthepastteenagersdidtheirhomeworkinanexercisebook,modernteensoftentypeitonthecomputer. Instead of looking for information in the library, they use the Internet to get it. Todayyoungpeopleevencommunicateinadifferentway.Whileinthepasttheymetlive,wroteletters,wentoutalotorusedthephone,nowadaystheyoftenprefermeetingonline,textingmessages.Modernteenagersevenspendtheirfreetimedifferently.Whileinthepastteensusedtohangoutandplaygameswithfriends,todaytheyoftenprefertostayinInstagram or play computer games.

26

UNIT 1 Lifestyle

4. Fill in the mind map in your exercise book using the information from the text.

TEEN

LIFES

TYLE

similarities in the past and today SCHOOLWORK COMMUNICATION FREE TIME ACTIVITIES

differences because of technology

in th

e pa

stto

day

5. Discuss how similar or different the life of modern teenagers is from teenagers in the past. Use the mind map and the expressions below:

Comparison Similarities Differencesincomparisonwith compared to

similarlyinasimilarwayis/are much the same asis/are likeis/are similar tohave/hasalotincommonwith

howeverbutwhileis/are nothing likeis/aretotallydifferentfromis/arequiteunlikediffer(s)from

Model: Modernteenagershavealotincommonwithteenagersinthepast.

6. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous Tense. 1. A: I (to be)verytired. B: That’s because you (to study) all morning. A: At least I (to do)allmyhomework.2. A: What you (to do) since morning? B: I (to plant) trees all morning. A:Howmanytrees(to plant) already? B: I (to plant) four trees.

7. Project. Create a mind map about things (except technology) that are changing teenagers’ lifestyle. You may focus on transport and travelling / music / fashion / hobbies etc. Present your ideas in class.

27

Lesson 11Lesson 11Parents and Children1. Listen and repeat the following tongue twisters. Practise saying them.

For an additional challenge, try repeating them several times in a row.1. She sells seashells by the seashore.2. Howcanaclamcraminacleancreamcan?3. Iscream,youscream,weallscreamforicecream.

2. Listen and read the words. Make up a chain story. Student 1 starts the story. Each student continues by adding his/her own sentence. Use the words given below.

occasionaltensionargumentopinionconclusionsrespectprivacypressurejealousycompetitiveness

[əˈkeɪʒənl][ˈtenʃn][ˈɑːɡjʊmənt][əˈpɪnjən][kənˈkluːʒənz][rɪˈspekt][ˈprɪvəsi][ˈpreʃə][ˈdʒeləsi][kəmˈpetətɪvnəs]

3. Fill in the gaps with the words from exercise 2.1. Youmustlearnto...otherpeople’sopinion.2. Therewasalotof...atthemeeting.3. Shereceives...phonecallsfromhermother.4. Shewentupstairsforsome....5. Thebook’sendingleavesreaderstomaketheirown....6. Weaskedfortheir...aboutthenewstadium.7. Theywerealwaysgettinginto...aboutpolitics.8. He spoke about greater ... .9. Hewasunabletocontrolhis....10.Theyareputting...onpeopletovoteyes.

4. a) Listen to the reasons why teenagers argue with their parents. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.1. Everyonehasfamilyconflict.2. Occasional arguments cannot happen in

happy families.

28

UNIT 1 Lifestyle

3. Thecommonreasonsforarguingwithparentsare:a)youropinionsdifferfromyourparents’;b)youcommunicatetoomuchandmisunderstandeachother;c)youwantmoremoneythanthey’rewillingtogiveyou;d)theydon’tlikeyourpersonalstyle;e)anewbabyappearedinyourfamily;f) parents focus too much on your exams, chores, friends.

b) Which of the speaker’s statements do you agree/disagree with? Why?

5. Discuss with your classmate what sort of things you can argue with your parents about. Continue the list from exercise 4, then compare it with other students’ lists.

6. Brainstorm in class the things that you could argue with your sister/brother/cousin about. Write them on the blackboard.

7. Listen to the recording. What things can make the conflict between brothers/sisters/cousins hard to deal with? Compare them to those written on the blackboard.

8. Work in groups of four. Discuss and then explain the quotation in your own words.“Kindnessconsistsinlovingpeoplemorethantheydeserve.”(Joseph Joubert)

9. Get ready to role-play the class meeting. Student 1: Youareaclassteacheratschool.Askyourstudentswhattheirrelationships

withtheirparentsareandwhattheycandotoimprovethem.Class: Youarethestudents.Givetheinformationyourteacherneeds.

10. Read the joke. Role-play it.Alfiewaslisteningtohissisterpracticehersinging.“Sis,”hesaid,“IwantyoutosingChristmascarols”.“That’sniceofyou,Alfie,”shereplied.“Why?”“ThenI’donlyhavetohearyouonceayear!”

29

Lesson 12Lesson 12Improving Relationship1. Work in groups of four. Discuss and then explain the quotation in your

own words.“Kind words can be short and easy to speak, but their echoes are truly endless”

(Mother Theresa)2. Read the text below.

Problemsbetweenparentsandchildrenarecommonandtimeless.Ifyouarelookingto improveyour relationshipwith yourparents, youarenotalone.Developingabetterrelationshipwithyourparentsinvolvesfocusingonchanginghowyouthinkandbehave.

1. Considerallyourparentshavedoneforyou,allthewaysthattheyhavehelpedyou,all the ways they have influenced how youthink. Youmay find yourself feeling gratefulto your parents andmorewilling to improvethe relationship or compromise. So let your parents know that you are appreciative forall theyhavedoneforyouwithyouractions.Dosomeextrahouseworkevenifyouarenotasked.Theywillbehappywithyouforthis.

2. Evenifyoudonotagreewiththeirparentingstyle,principles,berespectfultoyourparents. Try using polite language, speaking modestly.

3. Don’t overreactwhen talking to your parents. Smile at them, stay positive andwarm.Letthemknowwithyourbodylanguagethatyouarehappytoseethemandthatyoucareabouttheirwell-being.Thiswillsetthetoneforyourcommunicationandwillhelptoimprovetherelationship.

4. Onewaytoimproveyourrelationshipistobemorewillingtotalktoyourparentsaboutthings that you may feel are uncomfortable. Thiswillhelptobuildtrustinyourrelationshipwithyourparents.Ifyoufeelthatyourparentsgiveyoutoomuchunwantedadvice,treatyoulike a kid, do not respect your opinions, or disrespect your friends, tell them and explain whytheyshouldnotdothis.

5. You may have to bite your tonguewhenoneofyourparentssayssomethingyoudisagreewith.Determinewhethertheneedtorespondisreallynecessary.Ifitis,makethepointclearlyandmodestlyinordertoavoidanemotionalargument.

6. Be logical and demonstrate to your parents that you are mature. If parents see you actingmature,theywilltreatyouaccordingly.

30

UNIT 1 Lifestyle

3. Match choices (A–F) to (1–6). A Bepositive.B Be respectful.C Be open and honest. D Keep interactions mature. E Beappreciative.F Avoidunnecessaryarguments.

4. Fill in the table in your exercise book. You may add your own ideas.

Advice What to doBepositiveBe respectfulBe open and honestKeep interactions matureBeappreciativeAvoidunnecessaryarguments

5. Answer the following questions.1. Doyouagreewiththeadvicefromexercise4?2. Which one is the most useful to you?3. Do you think that parents should trust teenagersmore to run their own lives?

Why?/Why not?4. Doyouoftenarguewithyourparents?

6. Read the quotation. What does the author mean? Do you agree with the author? Be ready to present your ideas in class.

31

Lesson 13Lesson 13Communication Tools1. Match word combinations 1–11 to a–k.

1. strengthen a) mature2. surf b) relationship 3. respect c) sports4. act d)videos5. create e)privacy6. make f) muscles 7. build g) online8. respect h) stories9. improve i)trust10.do j)advice11.give k)opinion

2. Fill in the following sentences with the word combinations from exercise 1.1. Exercisesshouldincludeactivitiesthat....2. Teenagersliketo...tospendtime,findnecessaryinformation.3. If people don’t ... your ..., tell them about it.4. Ifyou...,peoplewillrespectyou.5. Itisnecessaryto...withyourparents.6. To be healthy people must ... .7. Iliketo...andpostthemonYouTube.8. Athomewe...andthentelltheminclass.9. Youmay...withyourclassmates.10.Shealways...mevaluable....

3. Discuss with your classmates what means of communication they prefer. Mind the following:

• texting;• Facebook;• videochat;• Instagram;• face-to-facecommunication;• phone calls.

4. Read about the results of the study how young people communicate. Discuss the communication tools you and your classmates use.As theygetolder, teenagersstart tousecommunication tools in thesamewayas

adults.Theywillcontinuetousesuchtoolsastexting,Facebookandvideochat,butatthesametime,theyunderstandtheneedtousevoiceandemailastheymovetothenextstageoftheirlives.

32

UNIT 1 Lifestyle

Face-to-facecommunicationisstillthemostpopularamongteens.Theykeeptheirphone calls brief as they think that phone calls are more suitable for adults.

Videochatsarebecomingmorepopularastheycombinesomeattributesofface-to-faceinteractionwiththeeaseoftechnology.Oftenyoungvideochattersuseitforhomework(justaspreviousgenerationsusedtheircellphonesandhomephonesforhomework).

Facebookandtextingareimportanttoolsfordating.Aftermeetingsomeoneinreallife,teenswilllookthepersonuponFacebook,Twitterbeforeaskinghimorheronadate—whichisofcoursedoneviatextmessage.ThemostcommonFacebookactivityforteensis ’liking’.

Mobilephonesarethenewsmoking.Thesedays,withsmokingincreasinglyunpopular,technology—andparticularlythemobilephone—isseenasthemostpopularsocialtool.

5. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.1) Teenagerspreferface-to-facecommunication.2) Inthepastyoungpeopleusedcellphonesandhomephonesforhomework.3) Texting messages is often used by teens for dating.4) Smoking is popular among teenagers.

6. Answer the following questions.1) Whydoyouthinkyoungpeoplestillpreferface-to-facecommunication?2) Why do they keep their phone calls brief?3) HowareFacebookandtextingusedfordating?4) What is the most popular social tool? Why?

7. Write what type of communication you prefer and why. Be ready to speak about it in class.

33

Lesson 14Lesson 14Effective Communication1. Think of the person who in your opinion is a good communicator. Write

down what qualities he/she has? Compare your list with your partner’s.Mind the following: outgoing, optimistic, friendly, helpful, open, talkative, generous,

tolerant, cheerful, modest, polite, charming, bossy, independent, clever, honest ... .

2. Are you good at communicating with others? What qualities do you need to develop?

3. Do the quiz and then read in the box below what kind of person you are. Tick the statements which are true for you.• Iprefertogooutthantowatchafilmonmyown.• Ialwaysremembermyfriends’birthdays.• I am a member of at least one club or association.• IalwaysaskforanexplanationifIdon’tunderstand.• Iwanttobefamousinfuture.• I hate spending a lot of time indoors by myself.• PeoplesaythatI’measytogettoknow.• I enjoy going to parties and clubs.• Ialwaysanswermymobilephone—evenwhenIdon’tknowwhoiscalling.• Ibelieveit’salwaysbettertosaywhatyouthink.

8–10 ticksYou are a very outgoing, extrovert person — you enjoy being the centre of

attention. Some people find you bossy and dominating — but you don’t care.4–7 ticksYou are really outgoing and like spending time with other people.0–3 ticksYou are an introvert — you are a rather shy person and enjoy spending time on

your own in peace and quiet.

4. Give definitions to the words “extrovert” and “introvert”.

5. Do you agree with the results of the quiz? Why?/Why not?

34

UNIT 1 Lifestyle

6. a) Listen to the text about healthy communication and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.1) Ifyouwanttotalkaboutsomething,findtherighttimeforit.2) Itispossibletodiscussseriousproblemsinwriting.3) Itisbettertouse“I”or“we”insteadof“you”.4) If the truth hurts, do not tell it.5) Bodylanguageisimportantforeffectivecommunication.6) Ifyouareangrywithyourfriend,donottellhimaboutit.

b) Listen to the text again and fill in the table. Add any guidelines which you think are useful to you. Explain them.

Guidelines ExplanationFindtheRightTime Trytofindtimewhenbothyouandtheotherpersonarecalm

and not stressed.

7. What are the main guidelines for effective communication? Explain each of them.

! Питальне слово

Допоміжне дієслово Підмет Присудок Другорядні члени

речення

WhenWhere

do/doesdid

IyouAnnBob

havewrite

homeworksummer holidays

8. Work in pairs. Ask your classmate:1) ifhe/shewaseditingdocumentfilesat7p.m.yesterday;2) whetherhe/shecreatedcomputerprogrammeslastyear;3) whenhe/shewassittingroundthefirelasttime;4) ifhe/shehadgonehikingbeforehewas15;5) ifhe/shetookpartinanycompetitionsthreeyearsago;6) whohadarrangedthebirthdayparties,beforehe/shecoulddoithimself/herself;7) whathe/shewasdoingfrom8p.m.to9p.m.yesterday.

9. Think of the guidelines of effective online communication. Be ready to present and explain them in class.

10. Read and enjoy the jokes.1. “Doctor,there’sapatientonline1thatsayshe’sinvisible”. “Well,tellhimIcan’tseehimrightnow”.2. Don’tyouhateitwhensomeoneanswerstheirownquestions?Ido.3. Thanksforexplainingtheword“many”tome,itmeansalot.

35

Lesson 15Lesson 15Tolerant Attitude to Others1. Discuss with your classmate what tolerance is. Write the definition to the

word. Give examples of being tolerant / intolerant.

2. a) Comment on the quotation. Do you agree / disagree with it? Why? “Thegreatestproblemintheworldtodayisintolerance.

Everyoneissointolerantofeachother.”(Princess Diana)

b) Why should people be tolerant of others?

c) What do you know about Princess Diana? What was she famous for?

3. Read the text about being tolerant.

What Does Being Tolerant Mean?Being tolerant does notmean to accept another person’s views on things, but to

understandtheirpointofview.Thisiswhybeingtolerantmeans:Being respectful:Respectingnotonlytheotherperson’sideasbutthewholeperson.

Therefore,listeningandansweringrespectfullyiskeytobeamoretolerantperson.Keeping calm:Stayingcalmandremainingpeacefulatalltimeswithoutgettingangry

isthenextsteptowardsbeingmoretolerant.Forexample,whenatafamilygatheringyouhavetolistentostoriesthatyou’vealreadyheardatthelastfivefamilygatherings,youdon’tupsetyourrelativesbybeingrude.

Being patient: Itwill takeagooddealofworkingonyour social skills tobecometolerantwithsomeonewithwhomyoudifferabsolutely.

Therearedifferenttypes of tolerance —social,racial,sexual,religioustolerance.Racial Tolerance. Oneexample inwhich racial toleranceneeds tobeused iswhen

foreignstudentscometostudyinaneducationalinstitutioninacountry.Foreignstudentsmustadapttoanewcultureand,attimes,mustalsoadapttoadifferentlanguageandclimate.

Religious tolerance. For example, if you are a Christian, being tolerant with anAtheistmeansrespectingthefactthattheydonotbelieveinGod,donotgotochurchanddo not pray. It means accepting the fact thattheyarenotbetterorworsepeoplejust because they don’t believe in thesame things you do.

Social Tolerance. Youwillhave tocommunicate, discuss ideas, and workas a team with people with differentsocial status. Social tolerance in this area is necessary for good results.

Princess Diana

36

UNIT 1 Lifestyle

Sexual tolerance. Intheworkplacethereisoftensexualintolerancereflectedinlowerwagestowomen,eveniftheyperformthesameworkandhavethesameabilitiesasmen.Besides,inmanycountriesmostgovernmentmembers,topmanagersaremen.4. Answer the following questions.

1) What are the main types of tolerance? 2) Whatexamplesdoestheauthorgive toeachtypeof tolerance?Giveyourown

examples.5. Are you a tolerant person? Let’s check it with the quiz. Choose the answer

and then read in the box below how tolerant you are.1. Ifsomeonewithspecialneedswouldliketojoinyourgroupforaschoolproject,

youwould...A)Askoneofyourgroupmemberstoinvitethem.B)Letthemjoin.Whyshouldn’t they be in your group?C) Not let them join.

2. Ingymclass,youaregroupedupwithvariousclassmatestoplayvolleyball.Oneofyourgroupmembersisnotagoodplayer.You...A)Accepttheirweaknessesandoffersometips.B) Don’t do anything about the situation.C)Talknegativelyabouthim/herwithyourotherteammates,butonlywhenhe/she

cannot hear you.3. Whenyoulookatyourfriendsthefirstthingyousee...

A)Peoplewhoyoulovetobearoundandhavefunwith.B)Peopleofdifferentraceandreligionthanyou.C)Peopleofthesameraceandreligionasyou.Exactlyhowitshouldbe.

4. Ifyouandyourfriendswereaplateoffruitsalad,youwouldlooklike...A)AcombinationofvariousfruitB) A mixture of only a selected group of fruitC) The same fruit.

5. Youseeclassmatesbeinglaughedatforsomething,you...A) Support them.B)Feelbadforthemandwanttohelpout,butcannot...Whatiftheymakefunof

you, too?C)Joininwiththegroupand laugh at the classmate.

Mostly a’s: you are a leader as you are not afraid to say what you think and dowhat you consider right. You are very tolerant and accept people’s differences. Mostly b’s: you want to do well, but sometimes you are afraid to do it.Mostly c’s: you are not tolerant. This is the twenty-first century people! You need to get with the times! There is no one in the world just like you and you need to treat all people well.

6. Do you agree with the results? Why?/Why not?7. Get ready to role-play the meeting of scientific groups.

Group 1: Youarescientists.Prepareshortreportsonthetopic“WhatToleranceIs”.Group 2: Youwanttoclarifysomedetails.Askquestions.

37

Lesson 15Self-Assessment Module 1

Task 1

Listening

1. Listen to the speakers. For questions (1–3) choose the correct answer (A, B or C). You will listen to each recording twice.1. Whatwilltheboydofirst?А В С

2. What job does the boy like?А В С

3. What does Jason enjoy doing on Saturday?А В С

Task 2Reading

2. Read a part of an interview from a teenage magazine with Eliza, a young violin player. Choose the correct answer (4–8).Interviewer:Eliza,youareonly17,butyouhavealreadywonYoungMusicianofthe

YearCompetition.Eliza: Yes,Iamproudofthat,butIhaveworkedsohard!Istartedplayingtwelve

yearsago,andIhavepractisedeverydaysincethen!LastyearIcamefirstinYoungMusicianoftheYear.

Interviewer: Do you like to spend so much time practising?

Self-Assessment Module 1

38

UNIT 1 Lifestyle

Eliza: Myteacherthinksit’sveryimportanttopractisealotandencouragesmetodo more and more. Of course, my parents support me, but they don’t make meplayifIdon’twantto.AndmyfriendsthinkI’mmad.Theyoftentrytogetme to do other things.

Interviewer:Whatdoyoudotoimproveyourplaying?Eliza: I sometimes go to the gym to strengthen muscles, but I must be careful not to

dotoomuchexercise.IfIgettired,Icannotplayverywell.Ishouldeatwell,butIlikefriedfoodandsweetstoomuch,andIcangetoverweight.Themainthingistoavoidstress.ImustfeelrelaxedwhenIplay.

Interviewer:Doyou think classicalmusichashelpedyou throughdifficult teenageyears?

Eliza: I think yes. It’s a shame that most teenagers don’t give classical musicachance.Itdoesn’tmeanthateveryoneshouldlearntoplayclassicalmusicorbuyclassicalCDs. I justwant themtounderstand that it’salsoagreatmusic.

Interviewer: What do you like doing in your free time?Eliza: I sometimesgoout shoppingwith friendsorwego to the cinema to see

afilm.ButmostofallIlikerelaxingathome,readingabook,surfingonline.Sometimes I need time to be alone.

4. Elizastartedplayingtheviolinwhenshewas…. A 5 years old B 7 years old C 4 years old5. WhomakesElizapractisealot? A her parents B her teacher C her friends6. WhatdoesElizadotoimproveherplaying? A goes to the gym B eats healthy food C tries not to get too stressed7. Elizawouldlikeotherteenagersto…. A listen to classical music B change their opinion of the classical music C like classical music8. What does she like to do most in her free time? A listening to classical music Bsurfingthenet C going shopping

39

Lesson 15Task 3

Read the sentences below. For sentences (9–14) choose the correct item (A, B, C or D).9. Regularphysicalactivityisimportantforthedevelopmentand…ofchildrenand

young people. Аwell-being Clifestyle B exercises D respect10.Eatingfruitandvegetableseverydayhelps…theriskofmanychronicdiseases. Аdevelop Cstrengthen Breduce Dimprove11.Havefreshfruitasa…andtrytoincludefruitandvegetablesineverymeal. Аhobby Cdinner B meal D snack12.…badhabitsincludingtobacco,drugandalcoholuse. Аsupport Cavoid Brespect Ddevelop13.Ifyouwanttoenjoylife,…yourtalents. Аshowoff Ccreate Baffect Dgive14.Ifyouarelazyatschool,itcan…yourcollegeopportunitiesinthefuture. Аshowoff Ccreate Baffect Dgive

Task 4

Put the verbs in the correct tense forms (Present, Past, Future Simple; Present, Past Continuous; Present, Past Perfect; Present Perfect Continuous).15.Let’sgoforawalk.Therain(to stop) and the sun (to shine).16. When you (to come)toseeus?—I’llcometomorrowifI(to be) not busy.17. I (to ring) you as soon as I (to come)tomorrow.18. When I (to come) home yesterday, my brother (to sleep).19.Hello!Whereyou(to go)?—I(to take)awalk.20. This man (to be)awriter.He(to write)bookssincehewasyoung.21.Yesterdaybyeighto’clockhe(to finish)hishomework,andwhenIcame,he(to

read) a book.22. When I came to his house yesterday, his mother (to tell) me that he already (to go).

Self-Assessment Module 1

Unit

2

FOOD

Lesson 16Healthy Food1. a) Match the words to the pictures.

A Fish and seafood a) crab [kræb] c)prawns[ˈprɒnz] b) mussels [ˈmʌsəlz] d) salmon [ˈsæmən]

B Meat a) chicken [ˈtʃɪkɪn] b) duck [dʌk] c) pork [pɔːk]

1 2 3

C Fruit and vegetables a) banana [bəˈnænə] b) cabbage [ˈkæbɪdʒ] c) cherry [ˈtʃeri] d) cucumber [ˈkjuːkʌmbə] e) grapes [ˈɡreɪps] f) lemon [ˈlemən] g) melon [ˈmelən] h) orange [ˈɔːrɪndʒ] i) peach [piːtʃ ] j) pear [peə] k) red pepper [red ˈpepər]

1 2 3 4

1

8

710

9

65

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11

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Lesson 16D Berries a) blueberry [ˈbluːˌberi] b)strawberry[ˈstrɒˌberi]

E Dairy a) cottage cheese [ˈkɑːtɪdʒ tʃiːz] b) ice cream [ˈaɪs kriːm] c) yoghurt [ˈjoʊɡərt]

b) Listen and check.

2. Add some words to the list from exercise 1.

3. Give advice on healthy eating.

4. a) Read the text about healthy eating for teens.

Healthy Eating for TeensAsateenager,yourbodyisgoingthroughmanyphysicalchanges—changesthat

mustbesupportedbyahealthy,balanceddiet.Eatinghealthilydoesn’tmeangivingupyourfavouritefoods.Itsimplymeanseatingavarietyoffoodsandcuttingdownonfoodand drinks high in fat and sugar, such as sugary drinks, crisps, cakes and chocolate. These foodsshouldbeeatenlessoftenandinsmalleramounts.Ifyou’rewatchingyourweight,ahealthy,balanceddietisthewaytogo.Dieting,skippingbreakfastorstarvingyourselfdon’twork.Herearesometipstohelpyoueatmorehealthily.

Don’t skip breakfast. Skippingmealswon’t help youloseweightandisn’tgoodforyou,becauseyoucanmissoutonimportantnutrients.Havingbreakfastwillhelpyougetsomeofthevitaminsandmineralsyouneedfor good health.

Get your 5 a day. Fruitandvegetablesaregoodsourcesofmanyof thevitaminsand minerals your body needs during your teenage years. Aim to eat at least 5 portions ofavarietyoffruitandvegetablesaday.

Healthier snack ideas. Cutdownonfoodanddrinkshighinfat,sugarandsalt,suchassweets,chocolatebars,cakes,biscuits,sugarydrinksandcrisps,whicharehighincalories(energy).

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UNIT 2 Food

Drink a lot. Aim to drink 6 to 8 glasses of water a day. Evenunsweetened fruit juice issugary.Your totalofdrinks from fruit juice,vegetablejuiceandsmoothiesshouldn’tbemorethan150mladay—whichisasmallglass.

b) Decide if the statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.1. Ifyouwant tobehealthy,youshouldstopdrinking sugary drinks, eating crisps,

cakes and chocolate.2. Skippingmealscanhelpyouloseweight.3. Youshouldeatfivemealsaday.4. Drink6to8glassesofunsweetenedfruitjuice.5. Yourtotaldrinksshouldn’tbemorethan150mladay.

c) Answer the following questions.1. Why it is not good to skip breakfast?2. Whatkindoffoodshouldyoungpeoplecutdown?3. Doyoufollowthesetips?Why?/Whynot?

5. Tell the class how healthy your diet is and what you need to improve.

6. Are the following sentences right or wrong? Correct the wrong sentences.Model: Iamnotknowingwheretodine.WRONG.Idonotknowwheretodine. My motherusuallydoesnotcookonweekends.RIGHT.1. Does your friend like seafood? 2. Nickorderssomepizzanow.3. Iamnotwantingricewithmysalmon,thanks.4. Areyougoingtoacaféeveryday?5. Are you eating out tonight?6. Mary is in the kitchen. She cooks dinner.7. Doyouprefermeatorfish?8. Wearehavelunchwithmyfriendstonight.

7. Guess the riddles.A: When do you go at red and stop at green?B: Whenyou’reeatinga…. (watermelon)

Iftherearethreeapplesandyoutaketwoaway,howmanyapplesdoyouhave? (two)

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Lesson 17Lesson 17Junk Food1. Listen, read and remember the following common adjectives to describe

food.

freshfrozenlow-fatrawready-madespicytakeawaytinned

[freʃ][ˈfroʊzn][loʊ ˈfæt][rɔː][ˈredɪ meɪd][ˈspaɪsi][teikəˈweɪ][tɪnd]

2. a) Name as many kinds of food as possible which we use with the words from exercise 1.Model: fresh bread

b) Make up sentences with the word combinations from 2 a.Model: We buy freshbreadfromthebaker’severyday.

3. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the following questions.1. Isthereanyfoodordrinkthatyoucouldn’tlivewithout?Howoftendoyoueator

drink it?2. Whatisyourfavouritefruit/vegetable?3. Is there any food that you do not like?4. What food do you usually eat for breakfast/lunch/dinner?5. Do you like junk food? Why?/Why not?

4. Choose the pictures with junk food.

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UNIT 2 Food

5. What are the effects of fast food on health?

6. a) Listen to the information about fast food and its effect on people’s health. State whether the statements below are true or false.1. Peoplelikefastfoodbecausetheycangetitquickly.2. Fastfoodofferslittleinthewayofnutrition.3. Fastfooddoesnotinfluenceyourmemory.4. Peoplewhoeatfastfoodcandevelopdepression.

b) Listen again. Choose the correct answer.

1. Fastfoodis.... a) cheap c) healthy b)expensive d)lowincalories2. 100gofFrenchfriescontains...calories a) 320 c) 312 b) 315 d) 3303. In one hamburger there are ... calories. a) 404 c) 504 b) 440 d) 5404. 500 ml of milkshake contain ... calories. a) 770 c) 617 b) 670 d) 6075. 500ml of milkshake contain ... grams of sugar. a) 150 c) 105 b) 115 d) 250

7. Guess the riddles.What is orange and sounds like a parrot? (carrots)

What day do potatoes hate the most? (fry-day)

8. Ask your friends/relatives:

• iftheylikefastfood;• howoftentheyeatit;• whytheyeatfastfood(itisquick/easytogetto/cheap/likeitstaste/itisawayof

socializingwithfriendsandfamily/friends/familylikeit).

9. Be ready to tell your classmates about the results of your interview.

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Lesson 18Lesson 18Food for Brain1. a) Match the words and pictures.

a) boiled [bɔɪld]b) roast [roʊst]c) baked [ˈbeɪkt]d) grilled [ɡrɪld]e) fried [fraɪd]f) steamed [stiːmd]

b) Listen and check.

2. How do you prefer these things to be cooked?Eggs,chicken,potatoes,meat,fish.

3. Answer the following questions. 1. What food do you usually eat before doing sport or exercises?2. What food do you usually eat before an exam?3. Doyouthinkthatfoodcanaffectyourperformanceatschoolorattheexams?

4. Read the article and put the headings (A–I) in the correct places (1–7).Didyouknowthatwhatyoueatanddrinkcanaffectyourexamperformance?Whatis

thebestdiettofollowonexamday?Canfoodanddrinkaffectyourtestscores?Scientistsstate the importance of healthy eating habits at this stressful time.

1. _____________Evenifyounormallyskipbreakfastoravoideatingwhenyouarenervous,youshouldstillmakethetimetoeatsomething.Verysimply,yourbrainneedstheenergyfromfoodtoworkwell.Youneedtofocusonyourexamandnotonyourhunger.

2. ______________ Eat protein-rich foods. Healthy food choices on an exam dayincludeeggs,nuts,yoghurt,andcottagecheese.Goodbreakfastcombinationsmightbecerealwithlow-fatmilk,eggsandtoastwithjam,porridge,orsugar-freemuesli.Otherbrainfoodsarefish,driedfruit.Youcouldeatoranges,strawberries,blueberries,orbananas,whichareespeciallypopular.

3. ______________ On exam day, stay away from biscuits, cakes, andmuffins,whichrequireaddedtimeandenergytodigest.Alsoavoidfoodsthatarehighinsugar,such as chocolates, desserts, and candies. When eaten alone, carbohydrates make you feel more relaxed than alert. So carbohydrates are a good option for the day before the exam, but not on the exam day. In addition, carbohydrates such as rice or potatoes, eaten inlargequantities,canmakeyoufeelheavyandsleepy.

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UNIT 2 Food

4. _______________ Make sure you drink enoughwater before and during yourexam.Teaalsoworks, thoughwithouta lotofsugar.Withoutwateryoumay loseyourconcentration.Avoid sugary sodas and colas.Avoid caffeine, as it can increase yournervousness.However,ifyoudrinkcoffeeregularly,thenhaveasmallcuportwo.Trytoeatsomethinghealthyalongwithyourcoffee.

5. ____________Eatenoughtofeelsatisfiedbutnotsomuchastofeelfull.Ifyoueatabigbreakfastorlunchbeforeanexam,youwillfeelheavy.

6. _____________Don’tuseanynewfoodsordrinks justbeforetheexam,evenif theycomehighly recommendedby friendsor family.Youdon’t knowhowyourbodyrespondstothemandyoudon’twantanysurprisesonexamday.

7. ______________ Sometimes you are given a five- to ten-minute break in themiddle of a long exam. Carry healthy snacks for such times to keep your energy high. Avoidchocolatesorsweettreatsasthehigh energycouldbefollowedbyanenergycrashduring your exam!

A Snack intelligently F Make sure to eatB Eat food for brain GDrinkbrainboostingbeveragesC Drink healthily H Eat light mealsDAvoidanythingnew ITakevitaminsEAvoidbrainblockingfoods

5. Fill in the table below in your exercise book and speak what students should eat and drink before an exam.

Advice ExplanationMake sure to eat...

6. Do you follow the advice given above? Which will you try?

7. Choose the word that is different. Explain why.1. grapes peach cucumber pear The others all are ________ .2. chicken duck pork salmon The others all are ________ .3. cabbage pear cucumber tomato The others all are ________ .4. crab prawns pork mussels The others all are ________ .5. banana cherry lemon pepper The others all are ________ .6. orange blueberry melon pear The others all are ________ .

8. Find information what one should eat or drink to sleep well / gain muscle weight / wake up and be active in the morning. Be ready to speak about it in class.

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Lesson 19Lesson 19Good Food

! В англійській мові дієслова may та might означають припущеннязвідтінкомневпевненості.

Напр.:Hemayworkinarestaurant.Можливо, він працює в ресторані.She might dine out. Можливо, вона обідатиме не вдома.Mayчастовживаєтьсявофіційнихситуаціях,might—унеофіційних.Заперечнаформаутворюється задопомогою заперечної часткиNOT

післяmay/might.Напр.:Imightnotgotothepartytonight.Можливо,янепідунавечірку

сьогодніввечері.

1. Work with the classmate. Ask and answer the questions as in the model.Model: A: Will you cook dinner today? B: I may cook dinner today, but I am not sure.

2. Make predictions what may happen in the nearest year.Model: Imayentertheuniversity. My friend might go abroad.

3. Name as many words as possible to match each column.

Fishandseafood Meat FruitandVegetables Berries Dairy

4. Label the pictures with the correct words.

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9

8

16

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1512

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UNIT 2 Food

5. Which of the products from exercise 4 do you often / sometimes / never eat or use to cook?

6. Listen to the conversation. Role-play it.A: What do you feel like eating this morning?B:Iusuallyhavejustabowlofcereal.A: The most important meal of the day is breakfast.B:Yeah,butIdon’tusuallyhavetimetoeatabigbreakfast.A:Youcanalwaysmakeaneasybreakfast.B: What do you make?A: All I make is oatmeal, toast, and some orange juice.B: That sounds pretty good.A: I like it, and it’s a fast meal.B:Thatisaveryquickmealtomake.A: I can make it for you if you like.B: Oatmeal and toast sounds good to me.

7. Discuss with your classmate what you usually eat for breakfast. Explain why your breakfast is good.

8. Which of the following sayings do you like most? Explain them in your own words.

49

Lesson 20Lesson 20Favourite Recipes1. Put each of the following words into the correct place in the passage

below. • body • nuts • enemy • ice cream • chocolate • health •vitamins • fast food • life • food • banana • energyCanwelivewithoutfood?Theanswerisdefinitely“no”.Foodisnecessarytoour...

whichrequiresnew....I believe that if youeat the right food, youcanmanageyourmood.Forexample,

when I feel sad, I treatmyself to a bar of ... or an ... andbecomemore cheerful andenergetic. When I am to take a test, I eat a handful of ... or a ... because such food helps me concentrate.

However,sometimesfoodmaybecomeareal....Unfortunately,somepeopledon’tpayattentiontowhattheyeat.Iftheirdietincludes...,theycandomuchharmtotheir....

Foodthatcontains...helpsyouimproveyourhealth.Istronglyfeelthatifyoutakecontrolofyour...,youwillbeabletotakecontrolofyour....

2. Listen and read the words and word combinations. Explain their meaning.

tablespoonteaspoonvinegargarlicclovewhisksprinkledressingoliveoillettucepepper

[ˈteɪblspuːn][ˈtiːspuːn][ˈvɪnɪɡər][ˈɡɑːlɪk kloʊv][wɪsk][sprɪŋkl][ˈdresɪŋ][ˈɑːlɪv ɔɪl][ˈletɪs][ˈpepər]

3. a) Listen to the recipe of a salad. Fill in the gaps. Dressing:6 tablespoons of ...1 tablespoon of ...1 tablespoon of ...2 ...1 ... of oreganoDirections:Tear ... into pieces Take three large ..., 1 ..., 1 small green ... and cut them all into piecesCut one red ... into thin rings

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UNIT 2 Food

Cut 100 g of ... into cubes... dressing ingredients togetherAdd ... and ...Combineallsaladingredients,exceptcheese,inalargebowlTosswithdressing...cheeseover

b) Listen for the second time and be ready to present the recipe.

4. Ask your classmate:

• ifhe/shelikestocook;• whatdisheshe/shecancook;• ifhe/shelikestopreparesalads;• therecipeofhis/herfavouritesalad.

5. a) Change the sentences as in the model:Model: Maybehewillcometomorrow.He maycometomorrow.1. Maybeshewilldineout.2. Maybetheywillgoonadiet.3. Maybe the cake is not delicious.4. Maybe she does not like seafood.5. Maybe he likes junk food.

b) Make up your own sentences.

6. Write a recipe of your favourite dish. Be ready to present it in class. Use pictures, photos or even make a video.

51

Lesson 21Lesson 21Cuisines1. a) Look at the picture. Describe what is there on the table.

b) Can you cook any of these dishes? Say how to cook them.

2. Answer the following questions.1. DoyoulikeUkrainiancuisine?Whatareyourfavouritedishes?2. Haveyouevertrieddishesfromothercountries?Ifyes,didyoulikethem?3. WhatdoyouknowaboutItalian/French/Japaneseetc.cuisines?

3. Match the dishes to the countries where they are most popular.

a) The USAb) Hungaryc)GreatBritaind) Japane)Іtalyf) China

hamburgerpasta

goulash

fish & chips

peking duck

sushi

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UNIT 2 Food

4. a) Read the text.CUISINES

Ukraine

Ukrainiandishesareknownfortheirvarietyandhightastequalities.Ukrainiancuisineincludeshundredsofrecipes:borschandpampushki,flatcakesanddumplings,mushroomsauce,banosh,varenykyandsausages,drinks fromfruitandhoney,etc.Somedisheshaveacenturies-oldhistory,forexample,Ukrainianborsch.Ukrainiandishesoftenuseanumberofingredients.Borschisadirectproofofthis.Initially,thisdishwasmadeof30ingredientsbut,ofcourse,overtimethatnumberhasdecreased.However,thetechniqueremains unchanged.

France

Nowhereelseonearthsomuchattentionispaidtowhatpeoplearegoingtoeatandhowtheyaregoingtoeatit.WhatfoodispreparedbytheFrenchdependsonwheretheylive.TypicalFrenchfoodsrelyheavilyonlocalproducts.Freshapples,berries,mushrooms,varioussquashandfruitareamongthemostcommonlyusedproducts.Poultry,beef,lamb,andvealareavailableyear-round.TheFrencheatmorecheesethananyothercountryintheworld—45poundsofcheeseperperson.Francehasadifferentcheeseforeverydayoftheyear.InFrance,peopleeatabout500,000,000snailsperyear.WhileFrenchcuisineisoftenassociatedwithrichdesserts,inmosthomesdessertconsistsofonlyfruit,yoghurtorsometimesafewsquaresofnaturaldarkchocolate.Francewastheworld’sfirstcountrytobansupermarketstothrowawayunsoldfood.Nowsupermarketsmustgiveittocharitiesandotherservices.

53

Lesson 21Japan

FoodisanimportantpartofJapaneseculture.TheUNofficially included Japanese cuisineintheUNESCOCulturalHeritageList.

Tomostpeople,asmallbowlofstickyricewithasliceoffishinsideorontopmaynotlooklikeacomplicateddelicacy.ButwhilesimplicityisimportantinJapanesecuisine,sushi is considered a form of art and must be prepared under strict guidelines. Therefore, the profession of sushi chef is highly respected in Japan. To become a traditional sushi chef,onewillneedtoundergomanyyearsofon-the-jobtrainingwithasushimaster.

WhilethepopularityofricemaybesomewhatdeclininginJapan,it’sstillverycommontoeatriceforbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Historically,ricehasalwaysplayedanimportantrole in Japanese cuisine.

b) Classify the following as typical of: a) Ukrainian cuisine b)Frenchcuisine c) Japanese cuisine 1. Dishes often use a number of ingredients. 2.Localproductsaremainlyusedtocookdishes. 3.Peoplehaveadifferentcheeseforeverydayoftheyear. 4.Peopleeatmorecheesethananyothercountryintheworld. 5. People eat a lot of rice. 6.Itwastheworld’sfirstcountrytobansupermarketstothrowawayunsoldfood. 7. People eat a lot of snails.

5. Work in groups of three. You are from Ukraine, France or Japan. Ask questions about the cuisine of their countries. For answers use the information from exercise 4 a.

6. Find information about cuisine of other countries. Be ready to present it in class.

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UNIT 2 Food

Lesson 22Eating Out1. Work in pairs. Discuss whether you prefer to celebrate your birthday at

home or at a café.

2. Answer the following questions using the ideas below.

Forstudentswhoprefertocelebratebirthday at home

Forstudentswhoprefertocelebratebirthday at a café

What are the advantages of inviting your friends home for your birthday celebration?

Introduction:whatyouaregoingtotalkaboutAdvantages: 1) cheaper

2)canplayownmusic3) ...4) ...Conclusions: a short summary

What are the advantages of inviting your friends to a café for your birthday celebration?

Introduction:whatyouaregoingtotalkaboutAdvantages: 1) do not need to spend time on cooking / cleaning2)canorderdifferentdishes3) ...4) ...Conclusions: a short summary

3. Listen to the dialogues. Role-play them.I. Waiter: Hello, Can I help you?

Jack:Yes,I’dliketohavesomelunch. Waiter: Would you like a starter? Jack:Yes,I’dlikeabowlofchickensoup,please. Waiter:Andwhatwouldyoulikeforyourmaincourse? Jack:I’dlikegrilledchickenwithpotatoes. Waiter: Would you like anything to drink? Jack:Yes,I’dlikeacupofraspberrytea,please. Waiter:WouldstrawberryteabeOK?Wedon’thaveraspberrytea. Jack:Thatwouldbefine.

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Lesson 22II. Waiter: Can I bring you anything else?

Jack: No thank you. Just the bill. Waiter: Certainly. Jack:Howmuchisthelunch? Waiter: That’s$36.75. Jack:Hereyouare.Thankyouverymuch. Waiter:You’rewelcome.Haveagoodday. Jack: Thank you. Same to you.

4. Work in pairs. You are at a café. Discuss with the friend what to have for a meal. Use the menu below.

5. a) What should a good café have? Say which points are good and which ones are bad.•awidechoiceofdishes • fresh food•slowwaiters • dirty tables•fastservice • clean toilets• high prices • delicious dishes• good music •helpfulstaff• comfortable seats • much space•ano-smokingpolicy • national dishes

b) Now choose which points are the most important for a good café. Explain your choice.

6. Describe a restaurant or a café that you like. Use the words from exercise 5.

Chicken SoupVegetable SoupGreen SaladGreek Salad

STARTERS DESSERTS

MAIN COURSES DRINKS

Steak and ChipsBeef CurrySpaghetti CarbonaraRoast Beef and PotatoesFish and ChipsBeef Pie

Black TeaGreen TeaFruit TeaCoffeeCokePepsiMineral Water

Ice CreamFruit SaladCheese CakeChocolate Cake

CAFÉ

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UNIT 2 Food

Lesson 23Favourite Dishes1. Discuss with the classmate what dishes you usually cook and how you

serve the table when guests come to you.

2. Guests will come to you tomorrow. Write a list of food products you need to prepare the dishes. Compare your list with the classmate’s.

3. Look at the pictures. Decide which dish you would choose. Explain why you like it.

4. a) Listen to the information about Italian dishes and fill in the gaps.Pasta

There are more than (1) _______pastashapesproducedworldwide.In the (2) _______centurythePopesetqualitystandardsforpasta.Theaverageperson in Italyeatsmore than (3)_______ of pastaevery year.The

averagepersoninNorthAmericaeatsabout(4)_______ per year.Pizza

PizzawasinventedinNaplesduringthe(5)_______ century. Itwasoriginallyadryandflat(6)_______ . In (7) _______QueenMargheritaofItalytrieditduringhertouraroundhercoutry.

57

Lesson 23The queen’s chef did pizza with three colours of their country flag, and he used

(8) _______forwhite,(9)_______ for red and basil for green.

b) Listen again and decide whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.1. Most Italians eat pasta at least once a day.2. Italians prefer to eat the same type of pasta. 3. Inthe18thcenturypizzausedtobeafoodonlyfortherich.4. AtfirstQueenMargheritadidnotlikepizza.5. Afterthequeen’schefmadeothertypesofpizza,QueenMargheritalikedit.

5. a) Describe the following picture.

b) Write a dialogue between the people. Make it funny and interesting. Be ready to role-play it.

! Revision Past Simple Past Continuous Past PerfectIIформадієслова was/were + ing had+IIIформадієсловапозначаєфакт позначаєпроцесдії позначаєдію допевногомоментуНапр.:Iwent to school. Напр.:Iwas going Напр.: I had come from to school. school by that time.

6. Put the words in brackets in the correct tense form (Past Simple, Past Continuous, or Past Perfect).1. We (to have) a guided tour last year.2. She (to listen) to music at 5 p.m. yesterday.3. My father (to install) Christmas tree last year.4. They (to attend)artsfestival,beforetheystartedschoolyear.5. We (to explore) the archaeological site at that moment.6. Bythetimewecame,she(to arrange) already a trip to the theme park.7. WhenIwas12,Ioften(to visit) national parks.8. Whilewe(to climb) the mountain, it (to rain).9. Carnivalsandparades(to be)alwaysentertaining.

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UNIT 2 Food

SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 2

Part 1

Listening

Listen to the speakers. For questions (1–3) choose the correct answer (A, B or C). You will listen to each recording twice.1. WhatwillPaulgetattheshop? А В С

2. What fruit do they take? А В С

3. Howdidthewomancooktheonions? А В С

Part 2

Reading Read the text about the hotel. Decide if the statements (4–8) are true or

false. MealsBreakfastisservedinthediningroom7.30-9.30a.m.(10.00a.m.onSundays).Help

yourselffromourbuffetororderafullcookedbreakfastatnoextramoney.Alightbreakfastcanbeserved inyour room.Dinner is served in thedining room from7.30p.m. (Lastordersby9p.m.please.)

Achildren’sdinnermenuisavailableuntil8p.m.atalowprice.TheCoffeeShopattheswimmingpoolisopenfrom10a.m.servingarangeofdrinks,snacksandlightmeals.

Room service24-hourroomserviceisnotavailable,butwearehappytobringlightmealsandsnacks

toyourroomforasmallextramoneywhentheCoffeeShopisopen.Lightbreakfastsarealsoavailablefrom7a.m.Pleaseinformreceptionthepreviouseveningifyouwouldlikebreakfast in your room.

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Lesson 23Pleaseleaveyourroomby10a.m.onthedayofyourdeparturetogiveustimeto

prepare for the next guests. 4. Breakfastinthediningroomcoststhesamefordifferentmeals.5. Guestscanhavedinnerintherooms.6. Thediningroomclosesat9p.m.7. TheCoffeeShopisopenatthesametimesastheswimmingpool.8. IntheCoffeeShopyoucanhaveathree-coursemeal.

Task 3 Read the sentences below. For sentences (9–13) choose the correct item

(A, B, C or D).9. Recentresearchshowsthateating…maycauseahigherrateofdepression. A dairy C fast food Bfavouritefood Dhealthy10.…foodisoftenspicy. Areadymade Crawfood Blow-fat Dhealthy11.…foodishealthy,butnotalwaysdelicious. A ready made C fried B roast D steamed12.Ukrainian…includeshundredsofrecipes. A kitchen C meal B dish D cuisine13.…alltheingredientstogetheruntiltheyareblended. A boil C fry Bwhisk Dgrill

Task 4 Fill in the gaps with the words from the box. Add may to express

probability.

torain,tohelp,toarrive,toknow,tosnow,tobe,tocome,tobelate

14.Takeyourumbrellaasit…today.15.Heisstillatwork.He…,I’mafraid.16.Lookatthosedarkclouds!It…heavily.17.He…laterbecausehisflighthasbeendelayed.18.He…tomorrowifhehastime.19.They…athomenow,butI’mnotsure!20.He…youwithyourworkifyouaskhim.21.Phoneher!She…wherethekidsare!

Self-Assessment Module 2

Unit

3

MASS MEDIA

Lesson 24Mass Media 1. Read the text. Give the definitions of the words

in bold.Mass Media

The term mass media in English refers basically to TV, radio and newspapers: means of communicationwhichreachverylargenumbersofpeople.

TelevisionIf you have digital or satellite TV, you can watch

programmeson lotsofdifferentchannels.Youuse theremote control to change channels without having toleave your seat. Independent TV channels have a lotof commercials/adverts (advertisements/ads). Theybroadcast programmes that get good ratings(havealotof viewers). These include dramas, quiz programmes and soap operas.ATVserialhasanumberofepisodes (parts)whichtellastoryoveraperiodoftime.

RadioRadioisapieceofequipmentthatisusedforreceiving

and/or sending radio messages or programmes. Youmayput, switch or turn a radio on or off.You

may also turn it up or downtomakeitlouderorquieter.Youmayalsoturn it overifyouwanttolistentoadifferentprogramme. To choose a particular station you tune it in.

(from Oxford Wordpower Dictionary)2. You are watching TV with a friend. What could

you say in each of the situations below?Model: YouwanttowatchaprogrammeonTV.— Could youturntheTVon?1. Youcan’theartheprogrammeverywell.—Could

you ...?2. Youwanttowatchadifferentprogramme.—Could

you ...?3. Nowit’stooloudforyou.—Couldyou...?4. Youdon’twanttowatchanymore.—Couldyou...?

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Lesson 243. Match the pictures to the words or word combinations.

a) headset / headphones b) commercial/advertc) satellite dishd) remote control e) plug it in

4. Make up and role-play short exchanges using the words and phrases from exercises 2 and 3.

5. Match each word or word combination with its meaning.1. to be on a) the programme you like most/best2. commercial b) parts of the game after it had been played3.favouriteprogramme c)theadvertisementbetweenprogrammes4. recorded highlights d) as it happens 5.gamelive e)theprogrammeshownonTV

6. Complete the sentences with the words or word combinations from exercise 5.1. Whatis...TVtonight?2. Whattimeisthefilm...?3. Howlongdoesthe...last?4. What is your ... ?5. Aretheyshowingthegame...orjust...?

7. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions. Present the information about your classmate to class. 1. DoyouwatchsatelliteTVor/andcableTV?2. HowmuchTVdoyouwatcheveryweek?3. Doyouenjoywatchingthecommercials?4. Doyouoftenwatchfootball/tennismatchesliveonTV?Ifnot,doyouwatchthe

highlights?

8. Find additional information about modern Mass Media. Be ready to present it in class.

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UNIT 3 Mass Media

Lesson 25Television1. Read the text.

TelevisionTelevision isoneof themost important inventionsof the20thcentury.ThefirstTV

programmeintheworldwasbroadcast in1929,andbytheendof1970salmosteveryhomeinUkrainehadaTVset.

WiththedevelopmentofdigitalTV,hundredsofchannelsareavailable.Peoplecanwatchdifferentprogrammes.A lotof themsuchasconcerts,shows,discussions,sporteventsonecanseeinalivebroadcasting.Thankstoallthat,youcanfindyourselfinanypartoftheworldanyotherminute.

However,despitethebenefitsoftelevisiontherearealotofdrawbacks.ManypeoplespendalotoftimeinfrontofTVwatchingtheirfavouriteprogrammesandeatingjunkfood.Asaresulttheyhaveseriousheartandbodyproblems.Moreover,theatmosphereintheirhomes is often not friendly.

2. Work in pairs. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give your reasons.1.AsaresultofwatchingTVforlonghourspeople a)haveseriousheartandbodyproblems; b) the atmosphere in their homes is often not friendly.

3. Match the type of TV programme to its definition.

1.quizshow orgameshow

2.chatshow3. comedy series4. drama series5.currentaffairs6. documentary7. soap opera

a) a number of programmes about the same situation or characterswhichareintendedtobefunny

b)individuals,teamsorfamilieswhoanswerquestionsorplaydifferentgamesagainsteachother.Thewinnergetsaprize.

c)afilmwithfactualinformation,oftenanalyzinga problem in society

d)aprogrammewhereapresentertalkstofamouspeopleabouttheirlivesandcareers;sometimesthereismusicaswell

e)aprogrammewhichfollowsthelivesofagroup/communityofpeople;thestoriesareoftenexciting,dramaticandhardtobelieve

f) a programme about a current (that is happening at the present time) social/political problem

g)anumberofprogrammeswhichareintendedtobeexciting,withinterestingcharactersandsituations

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Lesson 254. Say what you think of the types of films. Give your reasons. Use the chart

below.Soap operasCurrentaffairprogrammeQuiz/GameshowDocumentariesSciencefictionFeaturefilmsWesternsCartoonsChatshows

Iloveit/themI like it/themThey are shockingI am really interested

in it/themThey are greatAbsolutely excitingAbsolutely fantasticIthinktheyareamazing

I can’t stand it/themI don’t like it/themAbsolutely scaryI am not really interested in

it/themThey are boringAbsolutely disgustingI don’t think much of it/themIfindit/themboring

5. Read the dialogue and make up a similar one. Act it out with your classmate.A:What’sonICTVateighto’clock?B:AsfarasIcanremember,there’sajazzconcert.A:DoyoumindifIwatchit?B:No,Iamlookingforwardtoittoo.

6. Match the italisized words to the pictures. Then make up the exchanges and role-play them with your classmate.Model: A:DoyoumindifIwatchthedocumentaryonNTN? B: Actually,I’dratherseetheplayonICTV.A: ... serial ... channel 5?B: ... news ... channel 1.A: ... weather forecast...MTV?B: ... discussion...ICTV.A: ... science fiction film ... channel 2?B: ... horror film ... channel 4.A: ... soap opera ... channel 3?B: ... western ... 1+1.A: ... feature film ... 1+1.B: ... cartoons ... channel 5.

7. Write down and then tell your class a funny story about watching a film /going to the cinema that happened to you / your friends.

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UNIT 3 Mass Media

Lesson 26Types of TV Programmes

! RevisionFuture Simple

will+Iформадієслова

1. a) Work in pairs. Ask your classmate:1)howlonghis/herfavouritechatshowwilllast;2)ifhe/shewilluseheadphones;3)ifhe/shewillwatchcurrentaffairsonSTB;4)whenhe/shewillbuyasatellitedish;5)ifhis/herfavouriteprogrammewillbeonTVtomorrow;6)ifhe/shewillwatchcartoonsonSaturday.

b) Present the information about your classmate to class.

! RememberConditional Sentences. Type I

(Умовні речення реальної умови. Тип I)Головне речення Підрядне речення Future Simple when Present Simple

beforeaftertillas soon asif(якщо)

Напр.:Iwill gotoKyivifIget tickets. ЯпоїдудоКиєва,якщо куплюквитки.

2. Use the Present Simple or Future Simple.1. I (to watch) commercials, if I (to have) time.2. My family (to take part)inaquizshow,assoonasmyparents(to return) from the USA.3. He (to analyze) this problem, after he (to learn) the situation.4. If I (to want) to listen to this station, I (to tune) it in.5. If the radio (to be) too loud, I (to turn down) it.

3. Match each description in part A to the type of programme in part B. A B1.Talkingaboutfamilyproblems a)internationalnews2.FilmonelephantsinAfrica b)sportsprogramme3.Footballcupfinal c)soapopera4.Reportsfromallovertheworld d)natureprogramme5.AnnadecidesnottomarryPhilip e)talkshow

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Lesson 264. Complete the sentences. Use the words and word combination from the

box.

nature,is,Internet,channel,TVprogramme

1.Thenews...onChannel1atnineo’clockeverynight.2.Tenmillionpeoplewatchthis...everyweek.It’sverypopular.3.Therewasa...abouttrafficproblemsincitiesonTVlastnight.4.Isawa...programmeaboutbirdsinAntarctica.5.Icanwatchthesportsnewsonthe....6.Mostchildrendon’treadnewspapers,theyprefer....

5. Read the text and answer the questions which are in the last paragraph. Television in Modern Life

Howdopeopleusuallyanswerthequestionlike,“Whatareyourplansfortonight?”or“Whatareyoudoingattheweekend?”Inotherwords,howdopeoplespendtheirfreetime?

Twentyorthirtyyearsagotheusualanswersusedtobe:“Wearegoingtothetheatre(ortothecinema)”or“Wearegoingtoaparty”or“Wearehavingsomefriendsround”.Nowyouquiteoftenhear,“WearegoingtostayathomeandwatchTV”.

Modern television offers the viewers several programmes on different channels.Inaddition,toregularnewsprogrammes,youcanseeplaysandfilms,operasandballets,andwatchallkindsofcontests,quizzes,soapoperas,serialsandsportingevents.Youcan also get a lot of useful information on the educational channel. A good serial (perhaps, adetectivestoryorascreenversionofaclassicalnovel)cankeepthewholefamilyinfrontoftheTVsetfordays,anddon’twespendhoursandhourswatchingourfavouritefootballorhockeyteaminanimportantinternationalevent?

Televisionmostdefinitelyplaysan importantpart inpeople’s lives.But is itagoodthingorabadone?Haven’twebecomelazierbecauseofthetelevision?Don’twegooutlessoften?Don’twereadless?AndyetalotofpeoplebelievethattheTVhasmadeourlifemoreinterestingandcan’timaginetheireverydaylifewithoutit.

6. Write down and then tell the class what role television plays in your family’s life.

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UNIT 3 Mass Media

Lesson 27Types of Films

1. Match the film titles to the types of films. Say what your favourite type of film is. Give your reasons.

1. Tom and Jerry2. Sherlock Holmes3. Home Alone4. Jaws5. Star Wars6. Love Story7. Black Arrow8. Sounds of Music

a) cartoonb)detectivefilmc)sciencefictionfilmd) comedye)horrorfilmf)adventurefilmg) romanceh) musical

2. Look at the pictures. Say which film they come from. What type of film is it?

3. Listen to the conversation about a film and name the correct word.1.Itwasamusing/thrilling.2.Theactingwasexcellent/horrible.3.Theplotwasbelievable/unbelievable.4.Thecharacterswererealistic/dull.5.Thedialoguewasboring/clever.6.Thescriptwaswell-written/uninteresting.7.Thespecialeffectswereoutofthisworld/nothingspecial.

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Lesson 27

! Adjectives ending in -ed and -ingБагатоприкметників,якізакінчуютьсяна-ed,описуютьвідчуттяабостан.Напр.: I am bored. (I feel there is nothing that interests me at the moment.)Багатоприкметників,якізакінчуютьсяна-ing,описуютьлюдину,предмет

читему.Напр.:Iamboring.(Iamaveryuninterestingperson.)

4. Complete the sentences with adjectives ending in -ed or -ing formed from the verbs in brackets.1. Classical music is (relax). 2. Hegetsvery(excite)whenhelistenstoheavymetal.3. It’s (embarrass) to listen to his singing.4. I feel (bore)whenIlistentojazz.5. Ifindoperaquite(thrill). 6. What a (depress) song! 7. Wewere(amaze) by the magician’s tricks.8. Itwasthemost(thrill)filmI’veeverseen.9. Itwasan(interest) play.10.Itwassucha(bore)filmthatIfellasleep.

5. Look at the pictures in exercise 2 again. Describe one of the films. Use the words and word combinations from exercises 3 and 4.

6. Work in pairs. Make up and role-play the conversation using the phrases given below.1.Iwouldrecommendittoanyone./Iwouldn’trecommendit.2.It’swellworthseeing./It’snotworthseeing.3.Youshoulddefinitelynotmissit./It’stheworstfilmI’veeverseen.Model: A:HaveyouseenStar Wars? B: Yes,Ihave. A: What do you think of it? B: Itisexcellent.It’swellworthseeing.

7. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions about your favourite film. Note your classmate’s answers.1.Whatisthetitleofthefilm?2.Whoisthedirectorofthefilm?3.Whattypeoffilmisit?4.Whereisthefilmset?5. Who are the main characters?6. What is the plot?7.Whostarsinthefilm?8.Doyourecommendwatchingthisfilm?

8. Write down and then tell the class about your classmate’s favourite film.

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UNIT 3 Mass Media

Lesson 28Types of Films1. Match the columns to form compound nouns, then use them in your own

sentences. live effects radio broadcast special covers magazine station

2. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.1.HowoftendoyouwatchTV?2.WhatdoyouenjoywatchingonTV?3.WhatisyourfavouriteTVprogramme?Giveyourreasons.

3. a) Work in pairs. Offer a solution to each problem. Make notes.

Problems Solution1. Youdon’twanttowatchcommercial. e.g.Couldyouturnitover,please?2. Youneedaremotecontrol.3. Yourfriendwatchesthatsciencefictionfilm.4. Youwanttoinviteyourfriendtotakepartin

atalkshow. b) Make up and role-play the conversations for situations in 3 a.

4. In pairs, think of as many words as possible related to an animated film, an action film, a romance, a science fiction film, a horror film, an adventure film.

5. Look at the pictures. Write down 1–2 sentences to describe them. Use your list of words from exercise 4.

Model: 1.Excitingactionsequencesandafunny,well-writtenscriptmakethisfilmwellworthwatching.

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Lesson 29Lesson 29Means of Communication1. a) Read the text and give it a heading.

Radio and television service in Ukraine provide a selection of programmes forpeople of different ages, interests and tastes.Among the programmes are commentsand discussionson current affairs, interviewswith variouspeople, scientificand culturaltalks,seriousandlightmusicadvertisements.Someprogrammeshaveentertainmentvalue,othersprovideusefultopicsforconversation.Theyreallybringtheworldtoourlivingrooms.Butthemostpopularmeansofcommunicationnowaresmartphones.Theyperformmanydifferentfunctions.

Smartphones function as portable media players, digital cameras, video camerasandGPSnavigationaldevices.Theoperatingsystemequips thedevicewithadvancedcomputing capabilities, runs applications and enables the device to perform differentfunctions.

Onecan:• accessWebpagesandbrowsetheWebusing4Gand3Gdatanetworks,have

Wi-Fisupport,alongwithmobilebroadband,Bluetooth,sende-mailsview,editandshare,downloadfiles;playgamesandwatchfilms,takephotosandrecordvideos,communicatewithfriends,familyandwiththeworldaroundthroughtextmessagesandvideochats;

•budget,paybills;• runabusiness;• stayup-to-dateonbreakingnewsandshopon line, forexample, right fromyour

smartphone—anywhere,anytime.

b) Write down three questions on the text.

2. Work in pairs. Ask and answer your questions from exercise 1 b.

3. Say what you think of radio, TV and smartphone service in Ukraine.

4. Tell the class how you keep yourself informed. Give your reasons.newspapers,magazines,Internet/electronicmedia,TV,radio,otherModel: Ipreferreadingnewspapers,becausetheyarecheapandeasytocarry.

5. Read some arguments. Say which means of communication each of them describes.take longer to read; it is cheaper; access information without leaving your desk;

carryitaroundwithyou;canfitinyourpocket;getup-to-dateinformationinstantly;readsomethingoverandover

6. Express your opinion about different means of communication. Write it down and then tell it to class.Model: Thanks to electronic media, I can access any information I want to,

withoutevenleavingmydesk.NowadaysIcancarryitaroundwithmeinthesamewayIcanwithtraditionalnewspaper.

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UNIT 3 Mass Media

Lesson 30Radio Programmes1. Read the text.

Radio Programmes in UkraineThere are a lot of radio channels in Ukraine. Radio Hit FM is the most popular.

Itbroadcastscontinuous“pop”music.Radio Lux FMbroadcastsconcertsoflightmusicandjazz,shortplays,andquizzes.

A quiz programme is a question and answer competitionwhich offersmoney or otherprizestothewinners.

Radio Era FMbroadcastspoliticaldiscussions,educationalprogrammes—thatkindof things.

2. Listen and read. Role-play the conversation with your classmate.A:Howoftendoyoulistentotheradio?B:Myfatherusuallyswitchesitontothemorningnewsanditoftenstaysontillhe

leavesforhisoffice.A: Don’t you listen to any concerts?B: Sometimes I listen to the channel Lux FM. But my mother often listens to the radio

during thedaywhileshe isdoingherhousework.Shehaseven listened to theschoolbroadcastsandlearnedquitealotofinterestingthings.

A:Doesn’tshewatchtelevisionintheday-time?B: No, she is too busy for that.

3. Agree or disagree with the following statement. Give your reasons.Wewatchtelevisionforpleasure,butwelistentotheradioforinformation.

4. Read the sentences. Choose the correct prepositions from the box.

in(3),to,of(3),on(6),with

1. Radioandtelevisionprogrammeskeeppeopleinformed...thelatestachievements...differentfields.

2. Everybodyknowsthattelevisionisaverygoodway...entertainment.Butpeoplebegintodependtoomuch... it; theydon’toftengooutandtheyspeak...eachother less.

3. —Which is themost interesting radio channel?—We have a choice ... fourchannels, but I usually listen to programmes ... Channel 1.

4. —Whatdoyouwatchmostoften...TV?—Iprefersportprogrammes...anythingelse.

5. Alot...TVviewers...theUSAsaythatthecrimefilmswhichareshown...televisionhaveanegativeeffect...youngpeople.

6. News...theradioisbroadcast...regularintervalsthewholeday.

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Lesson 305. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions. Present the information to

class.1. Howmanychannelsare thereonUkrainian radioand television?WhatcanTV

viewersseeandradiolistenershearoneachofthem?2. Whatarethemostpopularradio/TVprogrammesinUkraine?Whatmakesthem

popular?3. Howdoesradio/TVkeeppeopleinformedaboutallimportanteventsintheworld?4. WhatforeignfilmsandTVprogrammeshaveyouwatchedontelevisionrecently?

What impression did they make on you?5. Which is your favourite radio/TVprogrammeandwhydo youprefer it to other

programmes?

! RevisionPassive Voice

Present Simple Future Simpleam/is/are+IIIформадієслова will be+IIIформадієслова Past Simple Present Perfectwas/were+IIIформадієслова have/has been+IIIформадієслова

6. Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense form. Use Passive Voice only.1. Pupils’ parents regularly (to invite)toparent-teachermeetings.2. Fromtheairportyou(to take) straight to the hotel.3. Inthe19thcenturythecastle(to destroy).4. This part of the building (to use)asalibrarywhichhasauniquecollectionofbooks.5. The museum (to locate)inthecentreofLondon.6. The boat (to carry away)bythewaves.

7. Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense form. Use Active/Passive Voice.1. I(tomake)newfriendsfromalotofdifferentculturalbackgroundswhenIlivedin

the USA.2. The city (to situate) on an island.3. The principal street of the city (to call) Princess Street.4. KnowledgeofPhysics(to need) to understand music, sound, light, art and literature.5. His language skills (to improve) greatly.6. Thenewtextbooks(to bring) to school already.

8. Write down and then tell about your favourite radio channel(s). Give your reasons.

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UNIT 3 Mass Media

Lesson 31Feelings and Emotions1. Listen and read the words and word combinations. Explain their meaning.

featurefilmhorrorfilmthrillerfilmpopularsciencefilmtraveloguemysterydocumentaryanimated cartoondubbedfilmthree-dimensionalfilmsciencefictionfilmadventurefilmcomedyfilm

[ˈfiːtʃə(r) fɪlm][ˈhɒrə(r) fɪlm][ˈθrɪlə(r) fɪlm][ˈpɒpjələ(r) ˈsaɪəns fɪlm][ˈtrævəlɒɡ][ˈmɪstrɪ][ˌdɒkjuˈmentrɪ][ˈænɪmeɪtɪd kɑːˈtuːn][dʌbd fɪlm][θriː-daɪˈmenʃənl fɪlm][ˈsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃn fɪlm][ədˈventʃə(r) fɪlm][ˈkɒmədɪ fɪlm]

2. Write some characteristics of the films above.Model: Characteristicsofcomedies:theyareentertaining.Charactersareeasy

tounderstand, theyoftenhavemorals thatmaybehintedatorstateddirectly. (A moral is a statement that teaches a lesson about human conduct.)

3. Sort out the films above according to the following categories. Explain your choice. 1.thosewhichleave/makeadeepimpressionupon/onyou2.thosewhichleave/makealastingimpressionupon/onyou3.thosewhichcreateatrue-to-lifeimage4.thosewhichdealwithscience5.thosewhicharousea)afeelingoffear/anxiety;b)anger;c)sorrow;d)joye)frightModel: Ilikethree-dimensionalfilmsbecausetheyarouseafascinatingfeeling

asifwhatyouseeonthescreenishappeningtoyou.

4. Work in pairs. Role-play short conversations about cinema or films. Use the phrases given below.Model: A:Whatdoyouthinkofhorrorfilms? B: I absolutely hate them. They arouse a feeling of fear and anxiety.

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Lesson 31Asking for Personal Views: What do you think of...? What’s your opinion of...? Howdoyoufeelabout...?Howdoyoulike...?Expressing Likes: Ireallylike/love...I’mreallyveryfondof/interestedin...Ifind...reallyinteresting/

fascinating/exciting. Expressing Dislikes: I (absolutely) hate/can’t stand... I’mnot(very)interestedin...I don’t fancy...Ifind...ratherboring/dull/etc.

5. a) Listen to the information about Oscar awards. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.1. Everyyeartheymaketwosetsofstatuettes

because sometimes they are broken.2. Thestatuettesareratherheavy.3. ThestatuettehasbeennamedOscarsince1929.4. There are three main categories.

b) Listen again. Choose the correct answer. 1. TheAcademyhasabout…members. A 7000 B 700 C 8000 D 170002. TheAcademyAwardswerefirstheldin…. A1939 B1929 C1919 D19493. ThestatuettewasofficiallynamedOscarin…. A1939 B1929 C1919 D19494. ThestolenOscarstatuettesweresoonfoundinthe.... Apark Bvillage Cgarden Dgarbage5. TheblockbusterepicTitanicwasnominatedfor…categories. A 4 B 15 C 14 D 406. WaltDisneywasawarded…Oscars. A 6 B 16 C 26 D 36

6. Have you seen any Oscar winning films? Describe one of them (what it is about, why you like it etc.).

7. Write and then tell about your favourite film(s) from your childhood.Mention: •whatyourfavouritefilmwasabout; •whatfeelingsitevoked;•whyitwasyourfavouritefilm; •whatittaughtyou;• its main characters.

Expressing Indifference: Itdoesn’tbothermeeitherway.It doesn’t concern me. I don’t care. It’s OK/all right I suppose. Idon’thaveanopiniononit.Explaining what you like about

something:What I like most is...Ireallyliketheway...Explaining what you don’t like about

something:What bothers/annoys me the most is...

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UNIT 3 Mass Media

Lesson 32Safe Internet1. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions below.

1. HowmuchtimeadaydoyouusetheInternet?2. What do you use the Internet for?3. Do you use the Internet for fun or education?4. HowcantheInternethelpyoulearnEnglish?5. CanyoubelievealltheinformationthatispublishedontheInternet?6. HowhastheInternetchangedsociety?7. Is it dangerous to meet people on the Internet?8. Do you think that the Internet is safe? Why

2. Look at the safe Internet rules. Discuss in pairs what they can mean. In your copybooks fill in the following table.

Tips CommentsBeyourownpersonBe nice onlineThinkaboutwhatyoupostDon’tshowyourpasswordstoanybodyAvoidin-personmeetingsDon’tmeasureyourownlifeonthebasiswhatotherspostBesmartwhenusingasmartphone

3. a) Listen to the tape and check if you were right. Add some additional information to the table.

b) Listen again and answer the questions:1. What is to be done if someone is mean to you.2. Howcanwerememberpasswords?3. Why is it important to be nice online?

4. Discuss in pairs and write an example to each tip.

5. Read the stories about bullying on the Internet. Discuss at first in pairs and then in class what advice you would give to the teenagers in each situation.1. Nick andAlec’sonlineexchangegotangrierandangrier.Insultswereflying.Nick

toldAlectowatchhisbackinschoolthenextday.2.Someboyscreateda«WeHateAdam»Websitewheretheypostedjokes,cartoons,

gossip,andrumors,alloffendingAdam.3.MarywatchedcloselyasSueloggedontoheraccountanddiscoveredherpassword.

Later,MaryloggedontoSue’saccountandsentanoffensivemessagetoSue’sclosefriend.4. Emma sent a message to Jane pretending to be her friend and asking lots of

questions. Jane answered, sharing really personal information. Emma sent Jane’smessage to lots of people withherowncomment,«Janeisaloser.»6. Find additional information about Internet safety. Summarize what you

have learnt about how to stay safe online. Be ready to present it in class.

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Lesson 32SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 3

Level 1

1. Complete the sentences with the words which start from the given letters.1.Ifyouhaved______ or s______TV,youcanwatchprogrammesonlotsofdifferent

ch______ .2. They b______ programmes that get good ratings.3.Youmayt______theradioupordowntomakeitlouderorquieter.4.Peoplecanwatchdifferentp______ .

2. Correct the mistakes in the sentences given below.1.IfIwantedtolistentothisstation,Iwilltuneitin.2. I use headphones if I buy them.3.IfInotseethiscartooninthecinema,IwatchitonTV.

3. Write five sentences about types of TV programmes.

Level 2

1. Match the words with their definitions1.currentaffairs a)aTVstation2.show b)thewrittenformofaplay,film,etc.3.script c)agameorcompetitioninwhichyouhavetoanswerquestions4.channel d)importantpoliticalorsocialeventsthatarehappeningatthe5.quiz presenttime e) a type of entertainment performed for an audience

2. Write questions to the sentences.1.Ifshedoesn’twanttowatchherserial,I’llwatchafeaturefilm.2.Ityoudon’tlikewesterns,youmaywatchsoapoperas.3.Idon’teatjunkfoodwhenIwatchTV.4.Youmayseedifferentprogrammesinalivebroadcastingifyouwant.

3. You want to go to the cinema. Write a dialogue to discuss the film you’d like to see.

Level 3

1. Write down as many words and word combinations as you can under each heading.

Types of Films

Types of TV Programmes

Radio Programmes Internet

2. Make up and write down five sentences using Conditional I.

3. Write 8–10 sentences how your tastes concerning films TV/Radio programes, and means of communication have changed for the last 5 years.

Self-Assessment Module 3

Lesson 33Kinds of Art1. Read the definitions and say the correct words.

Check yourself using the answers below.• classicaldancing:b_________• agenreofclassicalmusic:o_________• books,novels,plays,poems:l_________• practiseoftakingandprocessingphotographs:

p_________ • aplayfortheatre,radio,ortelevision:d_________• literary work in which the expression of feelings

andideasisgivenintensitybytheuseofdistinctivestyleandrhythm:p_________

• movingpictures thathavebeenrecordedso thattheycanbeshownatthecinemaorontelevision:f_________

• three-dimentionalworkofart:s_________

ballet opera literature photography dramapoetryfilmsculpture

2. Discuss in pairs what kinds of art you prefer. Why?

3. Read the students’ answers to the question about their favourite kind of art. What kind of art are they talking about?

I think it’s because you can make thingslookreal,andIjustlovehowafinishedproductcanlook.

Ilikerealismmyselfaswellascolour but not abstract for abstract sake.

ShadowsandlightarethingsIlookfor.

Unit

4

ART

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Lesson 33Ilikeitbecauseitshowsmovementanditisdecoratedalmostlikearealtree.Ithasmanycolourswhichmakesitcreativeandeasierto see because life is a Cabaret.

It connects me to people, to memories, to stories, to my hopesanddreams.Ittrulydoesmakemefeelalive.

It’skindofacombinationofeveryart,it’slikeit’spicture,it’s story, it’s music.

4. Think of 5 world famous painters. Can you name their masterpieces?

5. Read the text about Leonardo da Vinci. Think what you know about him as a scientist. What is Renaissance period famous for?

Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) is one of the world’s

greatestthinkers,artistsandscientists.Lookingforperfection,he created rare masterpieces of art such as Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.

DaVinciisconsideredtobeakeypersonintheEuropeanRenaissance, which saw the birth of new ideas, scientificdiscoveriesandthecreationofbeautifulart.

The Last Supper has been described as one of the greatest religious paintings. With Christ at the centre of the picture, it embodies great feeling and emotion as Christ is about to announce his betrayal by Judas. ThepaintingisheldinMilan,butunfortunatelyovertimethequalityoftheoriginalpaintinghas deteriorated, in spite of restoration attempts.

The Last Supper

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UNIT 4 Art

Mona Lisaisoneoftheworld’smostfamousandintriguing pictures.TheMonaLisaisaportraitofawifeofaFlorentinenoble.The painting is so valuable that it has itsown room inLouvre.Althoughintheartworldthepaintinghadalwaysbeenknownasamasterpiece,itwasnotuntilitwasstoleninthesummerof1911thatitcapturedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic.Whentwoyearslater thepaintingfinally returned to theLouvre, thewholeworldwas cheering. According to French heritage Law the paintingcannot be sold or bought.

Leonardo was also interested in engineering, science andothersubjects.Hedrewcomplexmodelsofmachines;inparticular,hewas fascinatedbyflight.Heused tobuybirds just toenjoywatchingthemflyaway.DaVincialsoattemptedtobuildaflyingobjecthimself.Machinesthathedrewonpaper,suchashelicopters,wouldbecomearealitymanycenturieslater.

Hewasoneofthefirsttounderstandthecirculationofbloodwithinthebody.HealsorealisedtheEarthmovedaroundtheSun.

DaVinciwasagreatperfectionist—onereasonwhyhecompletedsofewpaintingswasthatheneverfelthehadperfectlyfinishedanything.Itisbelievedthattowardstheendofhislifehesaid,“IhaveoffendedGodandmankindbecausemyworkdidn’treachthequalityitshouldhave.”

6. a) Look at the words in bold. Guess the meaning of those you do not know. Match the words to their definitions.a) allhumanbeings,bothmenandwomenb) to hurt the feelings of someonec) attract someone’s strong attention and interest d) worthalotofmoneye) torepresentaqualityoranideaexactlyf) arousing someone’s interest, especially by being strange, unusual, or mysteriousg) to try to do somethigh) tobecomeworsei) not to be loyal to your country or a person, often by doing something harmful such

as helping their enemies

b) Listen and check.

7. Answer the following questions.1. WhatisLeonardodaVincifamousfor?2. What does The Last Supper embody?3. Has Mona Lisaalwaysbeenrecognizedasoneofthebestworldpaintings?4. Why did the artist buy birds?5.WhydidLeonardodaVincicompletesofewpaintings?

8. Be ready to tell the class what you have learned about Leonardo da Vinci.

Mona Lisa

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1

Lesson 34Kinds of Art1. Write in the vowels to make the words.

v_l__bl_, b_tr___ l, _tt_mpt, f_sc_n_t_ng, _mb_d_, d_t_r__ r_t_, _ff_nd2. a) Read the sentences below. Fill in the gaps with the words from exercise 1.

1. Theartist’shealth…quickly.2.Itwasareal....3.Ihopetheywon’tbe…ifIdon’tcome.4.She…topasstheexam.5.Thepainting…theartist’sfeelingsandemotions.6.Itwasthemost…present.7. The storywasso…thatIreaditinaday.

b) Listen and check. c) Think and write down your own similar sentences. 3. Unscramble the words.

kindman, bodyem, safedtanic, girgniunti, dlobo, raybelat, teedroirtae

b) Write one question with each of them. c) Work in pairs. Ask and answer your questions.

4. a) Match the names of the painters and their masterpieces to the pictures. b) Listen and check. c) What do you know about the painters and the paintings?

a)TheGirlWithaPearlEarringby Johannes Vermeerb)Guernicaby P. Picassoc) Starry Night by Vincent Van Goghd)WaterLiliesby Claude Monete) The Scream by Edvard Munch f) The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dalig) The Son of Man by Rene Magrittee

d) Work in pairs. Discuss which painters and paintings you like most.

5. Make up and write down a story with the words from exercise 1.

2

3

4

5

6 7

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Lesson 35Theatre1. Match the words with their definitions.

1.boxoffice2. the stalls3. the gallery4.cloak-room5. cast6.play-bill7.dress-circle8. scenery9.box

a) seats in the part of a theatre nearest to the stageb)aplacewherehatsandcoatsmaybeleftc) programmed)asmallseparateareainatheatrewhereasmallnumber ofpeoplecansittowatchtheplaye)thehighestbalconywherethecheapestseatsareplacedf)thefirstlevelofseatsabovethegroundfloorinatheatreg)anofficeforbookingseatsinatheatreh) a set of actors in a playi)thepaintedbackgroundwhichrepresentsnaturalfeatureson a theatre stage

2. Read and add the question tag.1.Youwouldn’tlikethisthirdrow,...? 5.Thematineedoesn’tstarttill2.30,...?2.Youhaven’tanythingcheaper,...? 6.IcansitwhereverIlike,...?3.Thereweren’tanyticketsleft,...? 7.Heusuallysitsinthecircle,...?4.There’snochanceofabox,...? 8.Youbookedtheseats,...?

3. Listen to the dialogue between Susan and David. Decide if the statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.1. Susiewantstoseeherfavouriteactressintheplay.2. Susie prefers a seat in the box.3. Susie doesn’t agree to get seats on the balcony.4. Theydecidetovisitamatineeperformance.

4. Work in pairs. Make up and role-play the dialogue(s). Use the sentences given below and the ideas from exercise 3. 1.Wherewould you like to go? 2. What about going to... ? 3.Doyouknowwhatisontoday?4.Let’sgoovertothebillboardandseewhat’son.Isitworthseeing?5.Shallwevisita matinéeoreveningperformance?

5. Write about the performance you’ve seen recently. Use the key sentences given below. 1. The play by ... is exciting (boring). 2.ItwassodulltowatchthisplaythatIfeltlikewalkingout.3. I could not help crying (laughing). 4.Theactingwasfirst-rate.5.Theplaydealswith(e.g.theeventsofourtime).6.Itwasanevening/matinéeperformance.7.Thehousewasfull/halfempty.Thehouseburstintoapplause.8. The performance wasagreatsuccesswiththepublic.

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Lesson 36Lesson 36Painting in Great Britain1. Read the text. Write your title to the text. Work in small groups. Choose

the title that fits the text best. Explain why. The18thcenturywasthecenturyduringwhichatrulynationalpaintingschoolwas

createdinEngland.Portraitartatthattimewasthemainkindofpainting.WilliamHogarth(1697–1764)wasthefirstgreatEnglishartist.Hebecamequitesuccessfulasaportraitpainter,beingparticularcleveratpaintingchildrenandfamilygroups.Thesubjectofhispicture The Marriage Contractisaprotestagainstmarriageformoneyandvanity.

The Marriage Contract by W. Hogarth

SirJoshuaReynolds(1723–1792),thefirstPresidentoftheRoyalAcademy,wasnotonly a painter, but also the founder of the academic principles of a British School. He did not only paint potraits but produced characters.

Thethirdgreatfigureofthe18thcenturypaintingwasThomasGainsborough(1727–1788).Helearnttopaintbyobservingtheactualworld.HispictureThe Cottage Girl with Dog and Pitcher attracted general attention.

The easy pose of the girl, the natural turn of her head and the expression of her face make a true to life picture.

Thomas Gainsborough discovered thebeauty of his native landscape. He alwaysthought of himself as a landscape painter.

Most of the famous British painting collections may be seen in museums and art galleriesofLondon.

Withthetwentiethcenturyimpressionism,cubism, abstractionism entered English painting,thoughmanygiftedartistshavefoundandarefollowingtheirownrealisticpathinart.They paint scenes of life, common people, their troubles and joys.

Three Ladies Adorning a Term of Hymen by Sir Joshua Reynolds

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2. Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the questions.1. WhatpicturesbyGainsboroughdoyouknow?2. DidGainsboroughpaintonlyportraits?3. WhowasthefirstgreatEnglishartist?4. What is the subject of Gainsborough’s picture “The

CottageGirlwithDogandPitcher”?

The Cottage Girl with Dog and Pitcher. T. Gainsborough

3. a) Match the pictures to the kinds of painting. a) cubism [ˈkjuːbɪzəm]b) abstractionism [æbˈstrækʃnɪzəm]c) portrait [ˈpɔːtreɪt]d) seascape [ˈsiːskeɪp]e) impressionism [ɪmˈpreʃənɪzəm]f) landscape [ˈlændskeɪp]

b) Listen and check. c) Say whether these pictures were painted from nature, memory, or

imagination.4. Discuss in small groups what kinds of painting you prefer. Explain why.

5. Find on the Internet or any other source what national schools of painting are usually distinguished in European art.

6. Collect jokes, funny short stories about painters and paintings. Present them to class.

Evening Song by sir George Clausen

The Ninth Wave by Ivan Aivazovsky

Sportsmen by Kazimir Malevich

A Country Landscape by James Edwin Meadows

Master William Opie by John Opie

Mandolin and Guitar by Pablo Picasso

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Lesson 37Lesson 37Painting in Ukraine1. Work in pairs. Look at the pictures. Describe their composition and

impression. Use the phrases given below.Composition: In the foreground/background Inthetop/bottom/left-handcorner ToplacethefiguresagainstthelandscapebackgroundImpression: the picture may be moving, lyrical, romantic, and poetic in tone and

atmosphere

2. Explain what is meant by:a) A great painting enriches our life experience. b) Greatpaintersmakeusseeandthinkagreatdealmorethantheobjectsbeforeus.

3. Make up a dialogue to illustrate the following statements:a) The masterpieces are an inexhaustible source of beauty.b) Evenifapersonfailstoappreciatetheworksofart,anhourintheartgalleryis

suretobenefithim/hergreatly.

4. a) Find on the Internet or any other source the names and the works of the Ukrainian artists who: 1. Paint/painted mythological/historical subjects2. Portray/portrayed people/emotions/family group/ceremonial portrait3. Depict/depicted a person/a scene of common life/the mood of a person 4. Depict/depicted landscape/seascape

b) Present your findings to class.

W. Kandynsky

I. MarchukT. Shevchenko

M. Prymachenko

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Lesson 38Favourite Paintings

! В англійській мові часто вживаються прийменники часу, зокремаduring, forта since.

Duringвживаєтьсятоді,колихочемосказати,коли щосьтрапилось;for—щобсказати,якдовгоцетривало.

Наприклад:TheartistlivedinFranceduring the summer. Hewastherefor two months.It rained during the night for two hours. Sinceозначаєз певного часу.Наприклад: It has been raining since morning.Theartisthasbeenlivingheresince 2004.УтакомувипадкумизазвичайвживаємоприсудокуPresent Perfect

Continuous (чиPresent Perfect, якщо дієслово не вживається вформіContinuous).

1. Fill in the gaps using during, for or since. 1. Ihadastrangeexperience…myvacation.2. Istayedwiththem…threeweeks.3. Manyimportantquestionsarose…thediscussion.4. Ihaven’tbeentotheLouvre…years.5. Imetanoldfriendofmine…mystayinLondon.6. Hehasbeenaway…Tuesday.7. ShehasbeenlivinginLondon…1997.8. Ihaveknownaboutit…June.9. TheyhaveplayedchesstogethereverySunday…fiveyears.10.Ihaven’ttakenanyphotograph…halfayear.

2. Make your own sentences with during, for or since.

3. Look at the pictures. Which do you like most? Why?

The Wheat Sifters by Gustave Courbet

The Kiss by Gustav Klimt

The Red Tower in Halle by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

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Lesson 38

Sunflowers by Vincent Van Gogh

Isabel von Valois by Sofonisba Anguissola

Sistine Madonna by Rafael

4. Read how to describe a painting. Discuss in groups what you could add to the recommendations.

How to Describe a PaintingSay which genre the paiting belongs to(aportrait,landscape,seascape,townscape,

thehistoricalormythologicalpainting…)e.g. To begin with, this painting is a portrait created by…Give some information about the artist.e.g. This artist lived in the … century … .Give your opinion about the painting (thrilling, true to life, confusing, colourful, romantic,

lyrical,powerful,outstanding,heart-breaking,impressive,fascinating,exciting,intriguing...).e.g. To my mind, it is a … picture, which shows … .Mention the colours(warm,cold,oppressive,bright,deep,light,soft,delicate,dark…).e.g. The picture is painted in … colours. These colours contrast very well. The

dominating colours are … . Describe what you can see in the picture(inthecentre/middleofthepaintingwe

canseea…,intheforeground(background)thereisa…,ontheleft/rightstands/sits…).e.g. In the middle of the painting there is a … . At first it looks strange, but if you look

closely, you can see … .Think about the situation:e.g. It seems that they are discussing something.Describe your feelings and emotions.e.g. It is difficult to put into words what I feel looking at the painting.In my opinion, it is a real masterpiece.I am extremely impressed by this painting.It is brilliant, amazing. I feel excited looking at the picture.

5. Describe any painting from the Unit you like following the recommendations from exercise 4.

6. Prepare a presentation about your favourite painter. Be ready to describe his/her painting.

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Lesson 39Installation Art1. Look at the pictures of Ukrainian artists. Talk about them with your

classmate. Use the recommendations from exercise 4 Lesson 38.

! ThroughoutОзначаєвпродовж.throughouttheweek—упродовжтижняНаприклад:Itrainedthroughout the night. Дощ ішов усю ніч (безупинно).Нeworkedhardthroughouthislife.—Усе своє життя він багато працював.

During та throughoutМивикористовуємо throughoutмайжев томужзначенні,щойduring.

Різниця, однак, полягає в тому, що throughout означає впродовж усьогоперіоду,аduring—підчас.

Наприклад:Markwentskiingseveraltimesduringthewinter. Можливо,Марккатавсяналижахнапочаткузими—минезнаємо. Markwentskiingseveraltimesthroughoutthewinter. Маркрегулярнокатавсяналижахкількаразівупродовжзими.

O. NovakivskyI. Marchuk

I. RepinK. Bilokur

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Lesson 392. Think whether it is better to use throughout or during in the gaps.

1. Hestayedwithher…herlongillness.2. Hewashappywithhiswife…their30-year-oldmarriage.3. …herlife,shealwaystookcareofothers.4. Icried…thewholemovie.5. Theywerearguing…themeeting.

3. Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and discuss:•whatinstallationartis;•whatinstallationartworksyouhaveseen;•whatmuseumsyouhaveevervisited.

4. Read the text about installation art. What is installation art?Installationartisanewapproach.Thetermisusedtodescribehugeconstructions,

oftendesignedforaspecificplaceorforatemporaryperiodoftime.Installationartworksoften occupythewholeroomandthespectatorhastowalkthroughinordertounderstandtheworkofart.Someinstallations,however,canonly be viewed from a doorway, or one end ofa room. Usually, installation artists create their piecesforspecificlocations.

Mostworksofinstallationartarelarge.Theirsize enable viewers to become completelyimmersed in each larger-than-life environment.Inmanycases itevenallowsthemtosit,stand,orwalkthroughit.

Unlike sculptures, paintings, and similar pieces, installations are usually planned withcertain sites in mind, from rooms in galleries and museums to outdoor spaces.

Museo Atlantico is an underwatercontemporary art museum located in the Atlantic Ocean. Artist Jason de Caires Taylor has sculpted aseriesofhyper realisticfigures thatappear toaimlesslywalkalongtheseabed.

In 2017 the Italian artist Lorenzo Quinn erectedahugesculptureshowingtwolargehands

1 32

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appearing from the Grand Canal. The sculpturedemonstratestheeffectsofglobalwarming.Quinn,known to use body parts in his sculptures, usesthe huge hands as a force of nature that keeps the structure.However,thehandssuggestthatnaturecandestroyit.LorenzoQuinnexplained,“Thehandhassomuchpower—thepowertolove,tohate,tocreate, to destroy”.

5. a) Look at the words in bold. Guess the meaning of those you do not know. Match the words to their definitions.a) occurring in the present b) to make possible, practical, or easy c) lasting for only a limited period of timed) toinvolveyourselfcompletelyinsmth,togiveitallyourattentione) to buildf) to use a placeg) to damage badly

b) Listen and check.

6. Work in pairs. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.1. Installationartworksaresmallconstructions.2. Installationartworksarecreatedforsomeperiodoftime.3. The same constractions can be installed in any museum or place.

7. Answer the following questions.1. What is a key feature of installation art?2. WhatdoesJasondeCairesTaylor’sinstallationwithfiguresmean?3. WhydidLorenzoQuinnerecttwolargehandsappearingfromtheGrandCanalin

Venice?4. Do you like installation art?

8. Find installation artworks that you like or are impressed by. Look for some information about them. Be ready to present it to class.

9. a) Read the joke. ArtistPabloPicassocaughtaburglaratworkinhishouse.Theburglarranaway,but

Picassotoldthepolicehecoulddrawaportraitoftheburglar.Onthebasisofhisdrawing,thepolicearrestedtheministeroffinance,awashingmachine,andtheEiffeltower.

b) Think if you know any of Pablo Picasso’s paintings. Describe them/it.

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Lesson 40Lesson 40Museums1. Explain the meaning of the words below in English. Support it with your

own examples. installation, occupy, immerse, destroy, enable, contemporary, temporary.2. a) Unscramble the words. toncryramepo, cuocpy, recet, nabele, imsemer, esdryot b) Write one question with each of them. c) Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.

3. Fill in the gaps with for, since, during or throughout.1. He has helped the poor ... his life.2. Ihavebeenplayingfootball...childhood.3. He stayed absolutely silent ... the lesson.4. He has been studying at school ... eight years.5. Ihavelovedreadingbooks...Ifirstwenttothelibrary.6. I must call him sometimes ... the morning.7. Tomandhisfamilyhavebeenlivinghere...averylongtime.8. I can’t use my cell phone ... lesson. I’ll call you later.9. Itrained...thenight.10.Manytouristshavevisitedthepalace...lastyear.11. He changed clothes ... the night.12. Max cried ... his son’s graduation.

! When Означаєколи.

As soon as Означаєщойно, як тільки.

Till / UntilОзначаютьпоки. Після when, as soon as, till/until ми не вживаємо майбутніх часів.

ЗазвичайпіслянихвживаємоPresent Simple. Наприклад: I’ll phone you when I get on the train. Я зателефоную тобі, коли сяду

в потяг. Hewillgoas soon ashewritesthetest.Він поїде, щойно напише тест. I’llwaitwithyoutill/until the bus comes. Я зачекаю з тобою, поки приїде твій автобус.

4. Combine the following pairs of sentences using till / until.1) Please,wait.I’llfinishmyhomework.2) Youmustnotgoout.You’llfeelbetter.

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3) We’ll stay here. She’ll return.4) Don’tgoout.You’lldoyourhomework.5) Hewon’tgotothemuseum.He’llcleanhisroom.

5. Choose the correct answer.1. I’llbeready…youare. A as soon as B till C until2. Tellhim…youcan. A as soon as B till C until3. I’lltellhim…Igetbackfromlunch. Aduring Bwhen Cuntil4.TurnofftheTV…yougotobed. A as soon as B till C until5. I’llcomeandseeyou…Ihavetime. A as soon as B till C until6. Canyouwatertheflowers…weleavethehouse? Atill Bwhen Cduring

6. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the following questions.1. Do you go to museums or art galleries? Why?2. Arethereanyinyourtown?3. Do you think museums should be free to enter?4. What do you like most and least about museums?5. Are museums important?6. Whatarethemostfamousmuseumsintheworld?

7. Read the joke about visiting a museum. Role-play it. Visitingthemodernartmuseum,aladyturnedtoanattendantstandingnearby.“This,”shesaid,“Isuppose,isoneofthosestrangethingsyoucallmodernart?”“No,Madam,”repliedtheattendant.“Thatone’scalledamirror.”

8. Find jokes about art. Be ready to role-play them in class.

9. Find information about the museum you would like to visit. Be ready to present it in class.

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Lesson 41Lesson 41Modern Art1. Work in pairs. Discuss with the classmate what graffiti, mural is.

2. Read the text and check if you were right.Graffitioftengetsabadreputationbecauseitispaintedwithoutpermission.Murals

arepaintedwithpermission,theartistsareusuallypaidtopaintthewall.Theirpaintingsare carefully planned, and some of them are real masterpieces. Murals can really change a city and help to attract more tourists.

3. Have you ever seen any murals? If yes, describe them to your classmate.

4. Look at the murals which come from Mexico. Describe the one you like the most. Do you think they are real pieces of art?

5. Work in groups of three. Design your own mural and think where it would be placed (on the wall of your school or in some other place). What would it show? What would it mean? What colours would you use? Draw it if you can and be ready to present it to class.

6. Fill in the gaps with for, since, during or throughout, when, as soon as, till, until.1. I’llwait…shecomesback!2. I’llgototheTateGallery…IaminLondon.3. Don’tforgettocallme…youarriveatthehotel.4. Ihavebeenpainting…Iwenttoschool.5. Mybrotherhasbeenplayingfootball…10years.6. Iregularlyattenddramaclasses…theyear.7. Hewentoutseveraltimes…themeeting.8. Don’tleavetheclass…thebellrings.

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SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 4 Task 1

Listening Listen to the woman talking to a group of students about a visit to an Arts

Centre. Choose the correct answer.1. Theshowsstartat.... A 7.30 B 6.30 C 8.302. IntheArtgallerythereis…. A the exhibition of photos B the exhibition of famous costumes C the exhibition of history of ballet3. Onthegroundfloorthereis…. A the exhibition of photos B the exhibition of costumes C the exhibition of children’s paintings4. Thebuswillpickthemupat…. A10.20 B9.50 C9.405. Theconcertfinishesat…. A9.50 B10.10 C9.40

Task 2 Reading

The people below all want to visit a museum. Decide which museum would be the best for the following people. For 6–10, mark the correct letter (A–G).6. Tina is going toartcollegesoon.Shewantstospendanafternoonlookingatsome

modernart.Shewouldliketohavelunchandbuysomeartbooks.7. Karenneedstobuyaspecialpresentforafriendandwantstogethersomejewellery

orpotterymadelocally.Shecanonlygoshoppingafterfiveo’clockintheevening.8. Stefanhasjustmovedtothearea.Hewouldliketofindoutmoreaboutlifeinthe

areaoverthelasthundredyears.HeisonlyfreeonSaturdays.9. NickandSuewanttospendSundayoutdoors.Theirchildrenwanttolearnabout

howpeopleusedtoliveinthepast.Thefamilyarelookingforsomewherewhichhas a playground.

10.Jackisstudyingartandisinterestedinthedevelopmentofpaintingoverthelastthreehundredyears.Heisfreeeveryafternoonandwouldliketostopandhaveasnack in the museum.

Museums and Galleries A This museum changes its exhibitions regularly. At the moment it is showing

paintingsbyartistswhoallliveinthearea.Theexcellentbookshopandcaféareabovethegallery.Thecaféisopenforlunchfrom12till2.30,andthegalleryandbookshopfrom11till6everyday.

B Theareawasonceveryimportantindustrially,andthismuseumtellsthehistoryofthe local industries. There is a large car park at the front and a playground at the back. The museum is open Monday-Friday10-5.

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Lesson 41Self-Assessment Module 4

C Alltheexhibitsinthisattractivelittlemuseumwereproducedintheregionoverthelast100years.Thereis jewellery,clothesandpicturesforsale.ThemuseumisopenThursday-Sundayfrom2p.m.till9p.m.

D The best art collection in the area is here, and there is a separate room for each century.ThecoffeeshopisopenforlunchandafternoonteafrommiddayTuesday-Saturday.Themuseumisopenfrom11a.m.till7p.m.Tuesday-Saturday.

E Thismuseumshowsfamilylifeintheareaduringthetwentiethcentury.Thereareroomsdecoratedand furnishedexactlyas theywere in1920,1940and1960s.Thereisalargeplaygroundoutside.Openeverydayfrom10a.m.till6p.m.

F Therewasavillageonthissite100yearsago,anditisnowcompletelyrebuilt.Youcanwalkaroundthefieldsandalongthepathstoseehowpeoplelivedandworkedallthoseyearsago.Thereisacarparkandalargeplayground.Openeverydayfrom9a.m.till5.30p.m.

G Thismuseumisverysmallbut is fullof interestingobjects.Theywereall foundonanancient siteoutside the townand theyareall over1,000yearsold.Themuseum is open on Saturdays and Sundays only.

Task 3 Read the sentences below. For sentences (11–15) choose the correct item

(A, B, C or D).11. Mona Lisaisoneoftheworld’smostfamousand…pictures. A intriguing B temporary C contemporary D loud12.Noteverybodycanunderstand…art. Avaluable Btemporary Ccontemporary Dmoving13.Thepaintingisso…thatithasitsownroominthemuseum. Amodern Btemporary Ccontemporary Dvaluable14.Hewas…bythebeautyofthepicture. Afascinated Boffended Cdeteriorated Dmoving15.He…mebecausehedidnotlikemypicture. Abetrayed Boffended Cdeteriorated Dhelped

Task 4 Fill in the gaps with for, since, during or throughout, when, as soon as,

till, until.16.Whatamess!Yourmotherwillbeangry…shecomesback!17.Hisgrandparentsdied…thewar.18.TimandhisfamilyhasbeenlivinginLondon…10years.19.You’llnotdriveacar…youareeighteen.20.Ihaven’tplayedfootball…Ileftschool.21.Iregularlyattendmusicschool…theyear.22.…youcrossthepark,you’llseethesupermarket.23.I’llphoneyou…Iarrive.

Unit

5

UKRAINE

Lesson 42Countries of the World1. Check how well you know the countries of the

world. Choose the correct answer.a)Ofwhichcountriesarethesecapitalcities? 1.Warsaw 3.Paris 2. Brussels 4. Madridb)Inwhichcountryis...? 1.Mecca 3.TheVatican 2. The Parthenon 4. The White Housec)Whatistheofficiallanguageof...? 1. Mexico 3. The Netherlands 2. Japan 4. Austria

2. Look at the photos. Say what countries they show. Describe one of them.

2

4

3

1

5

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Lesson 423. Look at the blackboard. The teacher will write the names of the countries.

You all “are going” on an imaginary world shopping trip. Think and name all the things that each country is famous for. The team which names more things wins.

4. Guess the country. The teacher/a student will read the facts given below. Your books are shut. If you think you know the answer, shout stop, write the country down in your exercise book and the teacher will check it. If you guess correctly after clue 3, you get seven points. The teacher continues giving facts until all the students have guessed.I. 1.Thesecondlargestcountryintheworld. 2.Eskimoslivethere. 3. It makes a lot of paper. 4.89%ofthecountryhasn’tgotanypeople. 5.Ithasmanyverylargelakes. 6.PeoplespeakFrenchandEnglishthere. 7. The currency (money) is called dollars. 8.ThecapitalisOttawa. 9.ItsharesaborderwiththeUSA.II. 1. The second largest country in Europe. 2. It has a lot of arable land. 3. It is Europe’s main gas and oil transiting country. 4.IthasanimportantgeostrategicpositionbetweenEuropeandAsia. 5.Thereare24provincesinthecountry. 6.It’sthe44thlargestcountryintheworld. 7.ItsharestheborderswithPoland,SlovakiaandHungarytothewest. 8.Thecurrencyiscalledhryvnia. 9.ThecapitalisKyiv.III.1.Thethirdbiggestcountryintheworld. 2.Thepeopleinventedfireworks. 3. The home of the panda bear. 4.Itgrowslotsofrice. 5. The capital is Beijing. 6. The currency is called yuan. 7.Thebiggestpopulationintheworld.Morethanonebillion.

5. Work in pairs. Read the dialogue and make up a similar one. Role-play your dialogue.A: May I go to Egypt? I’d like to see pyramids.B: Yes,youmay./Yes,sure./Sorry,no./Yes,ofcourse.

6. Make up a research about the country of your choice. Pay attention to:

Location Population Animals that livethere

What they produce

Languagespoken Currency Countries

it borders Capital

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UNIT 5 Ukraine

Lesson 43 Geography of Ukraine1. Listen, read and remember the words and word combinations. Make up

five sentences.

be situated in border plain plateau natural resources occupy make up stretch through sealevel

[biː ˈsɪtʃueɪtɪd ɪn][ˈbɔːdə(r)][pleɪn][ˈplætəʊ][ˈnætʃrəl rɪˈsɔːsɪz][ˈɒkjupaɪ][meɪk ʌp][stretʃ θruː][siː ˈlevl]

2. Read about the geography of Ukraine.Ukraine occupies an area of 603.700 square kilometres. In the north it borders

onBelarus; in theeastandnorth-east—onRussia, in thesouth-west—onHungary,RomaniaandMoldova;inthewest—onPolandandSlovakia.InthesouthitiswashedbytheBlackSeaandtheSeaofAzov.

97

Lesson 43Themainterritoryofthecountryisflat,but5%ofitmakesupmountains.Thelargest

of them are the Carpathian Mountains and the Crimean Mountains.The Carpathians are situated in Europe and stretch through Hungary, Poland,

RomaniaandUkraine.ThehighestpointoftheCarpathiansisHoverla—2,061metresabovethesealevel.

The Crimean Mountains stretch along the coast of the Black Sea. The highest point of theCrimeanMountainsisRoman-Kosh.

Themajor rivers in Ukraine are themagnificent Dnipro, theDnister, the Buh, theDonets and others.

3. Look at the map of Europe and say whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.1. Ukraine is situated in Southern Europe.2. UkrainebordersonBelarustothenorth,andRussiatothenorth-east.3. UkrainebordersonPoland,SlovakiaandHungarytotheeast.4. UkrainebordersonRomaniaandMoldovatothesouth-west,andtheBlackSea

andSeaofAzovtothenorth.5. Ukrainehasauniqueever-importantgeostrategicpositionbetweenEuropeand

Asia.6. ThemainriverswhichcrossUkrainianplains,steppesandplateausaretheDnipro,

Dnister,SeverskyDonetsandtheSouthernBuh.

4. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions about Ukraine.1. Ukraine is Europe’s main gas and oil transiting country, isn’t it?2. What is the territory of Ukraine?3. Where are the mountains in Ukraine?4. Which are Ukraine’s principal cities?5. Which country is the second largest country in Europe and the 44th largest in the

world?6. Intohowmanyoblasts(provinces)isUkrainesubdivided?7. Intohowmanyrayons(districts)aretheprovincessubdivided?

5. Be ready to speak about the geography of Ukraine.a)Nameandshowonthemapthechiefindustrialregionsofthecountry.b)NameandshowonthemapthemainriversandseasofUkraine.c)NameandshowonthemapthecountriesUkraineborderson.

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UNIT 5 Ukraine

Lesson 44Climate and Weather1. Read about the climate and weather in Ukraine.

Seasons are times of the year with different conditions, such as weather andtemperature.Theychangefromonetothenextinayearlycycle.Aroundtheworldplantsandanimalsaregoodatdealingwith thechangesofseasons. Ingeneral theclimate inUkraine is temperately continental. On the southern coast of the Crimea it is subtropical Mediterranean.ThecoldestmonthisJanuary,andthewarmestisJuly.WintersinUkraineareusuallylong.Theylastthreemonths.ThehighestrainfallisinthewesternpartofUkraine.2. Work in pairs. Ask and answer four questions on the weather and climate

in Ukraine. Talk about the events that happened to you because of the weather.

3. a) Read the text and write down a plan to it. b) Copy out the words and phrases to each item of your plan.

MountainsMountainscoverfivepercentoftheLand’ssurface.Theywereformedovermillions

ofyearsbymovementsintheEarth’scrust.Thehigherupyougo,thecolder,drierandwindieritgets.Thereisalsolessoxygenintheairandthesoilisverypoor.Fewplantsandanimalscanliveattheverytopofmountains.Animalsinhighmountainregionscopewiththecoldinsimilarwaystopolaranimals.Theyareoftenlargeandfat,withthickhairorfeatherscoveringthem.Manyarelessactive,andproduceyounglessoftenthantheirrelativesinotherplaces.Mountainwindsareoftenverystrong.Plantshighupoftengrowinlowclumps,toavoidbeingblownawayordriedoutbythewind.Theyhavelongrootstoholdthemintheground.Highmountainplantstendtogrowveryslowly.

Mountainbirdshavetobeverystrongtoflyagainstthewind,somostsmallbirdsandinsectsthatlivehighupneverfly. c) Look at the pictures. Make up sentences. Use the information from the text.

Hoverla Edelweiss Brown bearBrown bearNoble deer d) Retell the text.4. а) Work in groups of three or four. Create a story. Invent answers to the

questions and write them down.1. Whowasinthecarthatnightandwhereweretheygoing?2. What strange sight did they see on the road? 3. What happened to their car? 4.Howdidtheyfeelandwhatdidtheydo?5. Was there an explanation?

b) Read your stories to class. Vote for the best story.5. Prepare a short report about how climate in Ukraine has changed for

the last 15 years. Present it to class. It may be a presentation, a chart, a diagram etc.

99

Lesson 45Lesson 45The Population of Ukraine1. Listen and read the words and word combinations. Make up a chain story.

Student 1 starts the story. Each student continues by adding his/her own sentence. Use the words and word combinations given below.

population ratemale female birth death percentestimatesrankdependencydensityurbancurrent

[ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn reɪt][meɪl][ˈfiːmeɪl][bɜːθ][deθ][pəˈsent][ˈestɪməts][ræŋk][dɪˈpendənsi][ˈdensəti][ˈɜːbən][ˈkʌrənt]

2. From exercise 1 find the substitutes for the following defenitions. Then use them in the sentences of your own.a)tocalculatethesize,cost,etc.ofsthapproximately,beforeyouhaveallthefacts

andfiguresb) to give sb/sth a particular position on a scale according to importance, quality,

success, etc.c) the end of sb’s/sth’s lifed)ofthepresenttime;happeningnowe) the number of things or people in a place in relation to its area

3. Study the information about the population of Ukraine.• The current population of Ukraine is 44,020,437.•Ukrainepopulationisequivalentto0.58% of the totalworldpopulation.• Ukraine ranks number 33 in the list of countries by population.• The population density in Ukraine is 76 per km2(197peoplepermi2).•70.0%ofthepopulationisurban.• The median age in Ukraine is 40.5 years.

4. Agree if it is correct. Correct the false sentences. Use the phrases given below. Phrases:That’strue;Youareright;That’sfalse.1.197peopleperkm2liveinUkraine.2.PeopleofUkraineonaveragelive40.5years.3.Comparingtothetotalworldpopulation,Ukrainepopulationis0.58%.4.70%ofUkrainianpeopleliveinvillages.

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UNIT 5 Ukraine

5. Close your book. Say what you remember about the population of Ukraine.

6. a) More and more young people are leaving their villages for cities. Write the reasons they leave villages. What should be done to encourage them to stay? Write 6–8 sentences.

•buildnewleisurecentres•improvetransportation•setupnewbusinesses/newhospitals/neweducationcentres,etc.

b) Discuss your ideas with class.

7. Listen to the text. Say which statements below are mentioned in the text.Give examples to support or deny them.1. Increased immigration results in increased cultural diversity, perhaps social

conflicts,growthofethnicneighbourhoods.2. TheexpertsareconvincedthatforUkraine,labormigrationisastableprocessthat

reflectslackofgoodjobs,insufficientwages,etc.3. Modernwomentryfirsttogeteducation,assertthemselvesintheirprofession,and

onlythentorealizethemselvesasmothers.

8. Write ten reasons for reduction in number of Ukrainian people. Discuss them with class.

build new leisure centres new roadnew transportation

new education centres new hospitalnew school

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Lesson 46Lesson 46 Ukraine Population Clock1. Study the information below.

Ukraine Population Clock11-06-201813:46:47

42,239,503 Current population

19,429,779 Currentmalepopulation(46.0%)22,809,724 Currentfemalepopulation(54.0%)

202,026 Births this year286,282 Deaths this year

16,102 Net migration this year

2. a) Work in pairs. Write five reasons for high level of mortality and low median age in Ukraine. Present them to class.

b) Listen attentively to other pairs. Complete the chart in your exercise book.

ReasonsIhavewritten Reasonsmyclasssmateshavepresented

c) Compare the two lists of reasons. Choose the most reasonable.

d) Tell the class about high level of mortality and low median age in Ukraine and their reasons.

3. Write a note to your classmate. Ask him/her the questions on the items mentioned in exercise 1 concerning the area you live. Wait for the answer.

4. Work in groups of 4–6. Clarify and discuss the information from your notes (exercise 3).

5. Write which of the ways of increasing life expectancy given below are the most important. Give your reasons. Add your own ideas.IncreasedLifeExpectancy:• Improved health care (e.g.medicine, facilities, research/knowledge, personnel,

technologies, accessibility) • Improved lifestyle (e.g. knowledge of health risks, improved diets, technology,

nutrition and exercise) •Improvedfoodsecurity/availability•Lessconflict(e.g.lesscrime,fewerwars)• Improved work conditions (e.g. less physically demanding labor, better safety

standards) •Improvedpublichealth(e.g.sanitation,watersupply,housing,standardofliving)•Improvedfinancialsecurityforelderly(e.g.pensions,carefacilities)•Improvedsafetystandards(e.g.sports,transportation,buildingcodes)

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UNIT 5 Ukraine

Lesson 47 Ukraine Age Structure1. Listen and read the words and word combination. Explain their meaning.

correspond todistribution estimates

[ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd tə][ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn][ˈestɪməts]

2. a) Write a brief story using the words above. b) Listen to your classmates’ stories. Choose the best one.3. Study the information below.

Ukraine age structureAtthebeginningof2018Ukrainehadthefollowingpopulationagedistribution:

13.7 70.8 15.5

percentage of population under 15 percentageofpopulationbetween15and64yearsold percentage of population 65+

Inabsolutefigures(estimate):•5,812,226youngpeopleunder15yearsold(2,986,921males/2,825,305females)•29,954,667peoplebetween15and64yearsold(14,325,372males/15,629,294

females)•6,540,764peopleabove64yearsold(2,150,921males/4,389,419females)

4. Match the figures to the pictures.a) 2,825,305b)2,150,921c)15,629,294d)2,986,921e) 14,325,372f)4,389,419

5. Work in groups of three. Discuss the reasons of lower percentage of population under 15 than 65+.

6. Make a pyramid and then tell about the age structure in Ukraine. Use the results of your discussion in exercise 5.

1

6543

2

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Lesson 48Lesson 48Literacy of Population1. Listen and read the words and word combinations. Make up a chain story.

Student 1 starts the story. Each student continues by adding his/her own sentence. Use the words and word combinations given below.

according tobe able toliteracyratecover

[əˈkɔːdɪŋ tə][bɪ ˈeɪbl tə][ˈlɪtərəsi][reɪt][ˈkʌvə(r)]

2. Read the clues. Put the letters in order to form the words. Clues Words1.theabilitytoreadandwrite a)itecyral2.notabletoreadorwrite b)ateliilter3. to say you think sb/sth is c) tera4. to get sth d) ainobt5.includingeverything;total e)vorelal

3. Work in pairs. Think and write down in your exercise book what you already know and would like to know about literacy in Ukraine.

Know Wouldliketoknow

4. Study the information below. Have you learnt what you would like to know? Say what new information you have obtained.Accordingtotheestimates99.76%ofadultpopulation(aged15yearsandabove)in

Ukraineareabletoreadandwrite.Accordinglyabout85,754adultsareilliterate.The overall youth literacy rate is 99.76%.Youth literacy rate definition covers the

populationbetweentheagesof15to24years.

5. Choose the correct word.1. She’s changed a lot _____ she left school. A for B since C during D after2.I’vebeenwaitingintherain_____ hours! A during B since C for D from3. _____ IwascominghomeImetmyoldEnglishteacher. A During B While C Before D Since4.Shewasbornfifteenyears_____inasmallvillageofBerezovytsa. Abefore Bsince Cover Dago

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UNIT 5 Ukraine

5.I’ve_____seenthefilmandIdon’twanttoseeitagain. A yet B still C already D before6.He’scompetedsuccessfullyintheworldmarket_____thelasttwoyears. Aalready Balways Cfor Dfrom7.Theworkforcehas_____tobeflexible. Asince Balways Calready Dyet8.Theyhave_____beenreceptivetonewideas. Aalways Bsince Cduring Dthrough9.Weadaptedtoachangeincircumstancestwoyears_____ . Aover Bbefore Csince Dago10.Ihavebeentrainedtoperformmanyjobs_____Ifinishedschool. A for B since C yet D already

6. Read the text. Say which problems are discussed.Most countries need a high standard of human resources in order to compete in the

worldmarket.Constantlychangingtechnologymeansthattheworkforcehastobeflexibleandreceptivetonewideasinordertobeofvaluetoemployers.Whenapersonisonlytrained to perform one job, it is not realistic to expect him or her to adapt to a change in circumstances or an unexpected problem.

7. Look at the pictures. Say what one should do in order to compete in the world market. Use the ideas given in the pictures.

8. Read the text (exercise 6) again. Write a for or against report. Give examples to support your viewpoint.

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Lesson 49Lesson 49Ethnic Groups of Ukraine1. Listen and read the words and word combinations. Write three-four items

you think will be discussed during this lesson. Check it.

make uprepresentminorityneighbouringidentitysharesignificantly

[ˈmeɪk ʌp][ˌreprɪˈzent][maɪˈnɒrəti][ˈneɪbərɪŋ][aɪˈdentɪti][ʃeə(r)][sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli]

2. Say in one word what is depicted in the pictures. Use the words from exercise 1.

3. Name the substitutes for the following definitions. Then use them in the sentences of your own.1. near or next to2.apartoranamountofsththathasbeendividedbetweenseveralpeople3. to form sth4.whoorwhatapersonorathingis5.tobetherepresentativeofagrouporcountry

4. Study the information.Major Ethnic Groups of Ukraine

EthnicUkrainiansmakeupalmostfour-fifthsofthepopulation,followedbysignificantminorities from neighbouring countries.

Roughly77.5%ofUkraine’spopulationisidentifiedasethnicUkrainians.Thesecondlargest nationality group are Russians, accounting for 17.2% of the population. OthersignificantlyrepresentednationalitiesincludeRomanians,Belorussians,CrimeanTatars,Bulgarians,Hungarians,Poles,Jews,andArmenians.

3

2

415% 85%

1

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UNIT 5 Ukraine

Major Ethnic Groups of Ukraine

Rank Ethnic Group Share of National Population of Ukraine1 Ukrainian 77.5%2 Russian 17.2%3 Romanian 0.8%4 Belorussian 0.6%5 Crimean Tatar 0.5%6 Bulgarian 0.4%7 Hungarian 0.3%8 Polish 0.3%9 Jewish 0.2%10 Armenian 0.2%

5. Work in pairs. Compare the percentage of significantly represented nationalities in Ukraine. Use the phrases given below.Useful PhrasesComparing and Contrasting•Themain/greatest/most important/most significant difference between the… isthat…

•Themoststriking/obvioussimilarityisthat…

6. Work in small groups. Discuss the problems ethnic groups face in Ukraine. Write solutions to the problems. Present your findings to class.

7. a) Match the flag to the nationality.1. Ukrainian 3. Romanian 5. Crimean Tatar2.German 4.Belorussian 6.Bulgarian

b) Write down what you know about each country and its people.

A CB

D FE

107

Lesson 50Lesson 50 Revision1. Say whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.

1. Ukrainehasjustover50million inhabitants.2. Morethan50%ofinhabitantsofUkraineareUkrainians,17%areRussiansand

1%areBelorussians.3. Ukrainianpeoplearefamousfortheirfolksongsanddances.Theyareveryskilled

in pottery.4. Birthrateaccountsfor10,49birthsper1,000people,whereasdeathrateaccounts

16,42 deaths per 1,000 people.5. Agegroup15–64makesup68,8%.6. Agegroup0–14aswellas65andovermakesup15,6%.7. Theaverageageofmale is34,91yearswhereas theaverageageof female is

41,21 years.

2. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions about Ukraine.1. What languages are spoken in Ukraine?2.Howmanypeopleaged15andovercanreadandwrite?3.Howlongdomale/femalelive?4.Howcanyouexplainthatfemalelivelongerthanmale?5.Whatistherateofmaleandfemaleatbirthandinagegroupover15to64?6. What is the rate of male and female in your class/school?

3. Each set of words below can be linked by one topic. Write in your exercise book the missing topic. make up natural resources occupy border density urban estimates worldpopulation identify nationality group subtropical last continental thewarmest

4. Work in pairs. Present one of the topics (exercise 3) in the form of a dialogue.

5. Look at the mind map. Be ready to tell the class about Ukraine.

climate and weather

ethnic groups

literacy of population

Ukraine

age structure

geography population

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UNIT 5 Ukraine

SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 5

Level 1

1. Write down the words which should go in the middle of the word maps.

ethnic group

male

female

birthdeath

natio

nality inh

abita

nt

mild

plainplateu

highlandsm

ountain

climate

moderate

natural resources

to b

e sit

uate

d

to b

e se

para

ted

from

bord

er

lightningviolentstorm

thunderstormhurricane

frosttorrential rain

sunn

y

warm

snowy

flood(ing)

2. Write down one yes/no question to each sentence.1.WindsfromthePacificOceanmayinfluencetheweatherinthatarea.2.Theinhabitantsofthecountrymustdevelopit.3.Wewouldbehappy,iftheaverageageofmalewas65years.

3. Write down five sentences about the geography of Ukraine.

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Lesson 50Level 2

1. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

makesup,rate,skilled,average

1. Birth ... accounts 10.48 births per 1,000 people.2. The ... age of female is 41.21 years.3.Agegroup15–64...68.8%.4.Ukrainianpeoplearevery...inpottery.

2. Add the endings.1.Iwon’tbesurprised,if....2.Iwilltakeyououtfordinner,if....3.Iwillnevergetangry,if....4. If I can go to a foreign country, ... .

3. Write down six questions to ask your classmate about the population and geography of Ukraine.

Level 3

1. Write English equivalents to Ukrainian words and word combinations.1.межувати2.народжуваність(коефіцієнтнароджуваності)3.житель4.становити;складати(%)5.опади6.рівнина7.середнійвік8.природніресурси9.жіночастать10.бутирозташованим

2. Make up and write down five sentences using Conditional II.

3. Write down 8–10 sentences about any multinational country. What should people do to live in peace and harmony?

Self-Assessment Module 5

Unit

6

THE UNITED KINGDOM

Lesson 51The UK1. Listen and read the words and word

combination. Explain their meaning.

Irelandbe separatedislandhighlandselevationprecipitation

[ˈaɪələnd][bɪ ˈsepəreɪtɪd][ˈaɪlənd][ˈhaɪlənds][ˌelɪˈveɪʃn][prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn]

2. Look through the information about the United Kingdom.Official name:TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain

and Northern Ireland.Capital:London.Official language: English.Largest cities: London,Liverpool,Sheffield,Glasgow,

Birmingham,LeedsLand:TheUnitedKingdomliesinthewesterncoastof

Europe,between theAtlanticOcean in thenorth-westandthe North Sea in the east and is separated from the European continentbytheEnglishChannelandtheStraitofDover.

TheUK is an island state: it is composed of some5,500islands,largeandsmall.ThetwomainislandsareGreatBritaintotheeastandIreland(inwhichareNorthernIrelandandindependentIrishRepublic)tothewest.Theyare separated by the Irish Sea.

Area: 244,154 sq. km (94,267 sq. m). Greatestdistance—north-south,about940km(600m);east-west,about 480 km (300 m).

Elevation:Highest—BenNevis,1,344m(4,406ft)abovesealevel.Lowest—GreatHolmFen,neartheRiverOuseinCambridgeshire,—2,7m(9ft)belowsealevel.

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Lesson 51

Climate:Summer’smild—daytimehighsareabout23°C(73F)inthesouth,about18°C(64F)inScotland.Coolwinters—night-timetemperaturesdropnearlytofreezing,butrarelymuchbelow,exceptintheScottishhighlands.Precipitationmoderate,generallyhigherinthewest.

3. Look at the map of the United Kingdom. Say whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false ones. You may also consult exercise 2.1.TheareaoftheUnitedKingdom(UK)is300.000sq.km.2.ThehighestelevationisBenNevis(1,344mabovesealevel),thelowestisGreat

Holm(2,7mbelowsealevel).3. The UK lies in the southern coast of Europe.4. The UK is separated from the European continent by Ireland.5. The UK is composed of 5,500 small and large islands.6.ThecapitaloftheUKisGlasgow.7.ThetwomainislandsareGreatBritainandIreland.

4. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions about the UK.1. What are the largest cities in the UK?2.WhatistheofficiallanguageintheUK?3. Where does the UK lie?4. What is the greatest distance from north to south?5.DoestheUKliebetweentheAtlanticOceanandtheNorthSea?

5. Be ready to tell the class about the geography of the United Kingdom. a)NameandshowonthemaptheelevationextremesoftheUK. b)NameandshowonthemaptheoceansandseasthatwashtheUK. c)NameandshowonthemaptheislandswhichcomposetheUK.

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UNIT 6 The United Kingdom

Lesson 52 Climate and Weather1. Listen and read the words. Explain their meaning.

moderatemild rarely

[ˈmɒdərət][maɪld][ˈreəli]

2. Match the words to make up the word combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own. 1.day a)level 2. 18 b) extremes 3.sea c)°C 4. separate d) time 5.elevation e)from

3. Read about the climate of the United Kingdom.England generally has higher maximum and minimum temperatures than the other

areasof theUK.England isalsosunnier throughout theyear. It rainsonfewerdays ineverymonththroughouttheyearthantherestoftheUK.

The climate of south-west England displays a seasonal temperature variation,althoughitislessextremethanmostoftheUnitedKingdom.GalesarelesscommoninEnglandcomparedtoScotland;howeveronsomeoccasionstherecanbestrongwinds,andrarely,theremainsofAtlantichurricanesandtropicalstorms.Someeventssuchasthe Great Storm of 1987 occurred near the UK and caused damage in England. The prevailingwinddirectionforEnglandisfromthesouth-west.

Northern IrelandiswarmerthanScotlandthroughouttheyear.ScotlandisgenerallycoolcomparedtotherestoftheUK.TheCentralLowlandshave

highertemperaturesduringthesummerthananyotherpartofScotland,andhavealsobrokensomerecordsforthewholeoftheUK.

Wales has warmer temperatures throughout the year than Northern Ireland andScotland and hasmilder winter minima than England, but cooler winter maxima thanNorthern Ireland. WalesiswetterthroughouttheyearthanNorthernIrelandandEngland,buthas fewer rainydays thanNorthern Ireland;meaning that rainfall tends tobemoreintense. Wales is also drier than Scotland.4. Work in pairs. Make up a comparing box of the climate in the UK. Use the

information from the text above.5. Copy out the key words and word combinations from the text.6. Be ready to talk about the climate in the UK. Use your notes from

exercises 4 and 5.

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Lesson 53Lesson 53 Climate and Weather1. Listen and read the words and word combinations. Make up a chain story.

Student 1 starts the story. Each student continues by adding his/her own sentence. Use the words and word combinations given below.

injuresevereviolentstormstornadoestorrential rainlarge haildamagewheatcrops

[ˈɪndʒə(r)][sɪˈvɪə(r)][ˈvaɪələnt stɔːms][tɔːˈneɪdəʊs][təˈrenʃl reɪn][lɑːdʒ heɪl][ˈdæmɪdʒ wiːt krɒps]

2. Work in pairs. Read the dialogue and make up a similar one. A: Heinvitedmetotheconcert.B: What did you say?A:Isaidthathehadinvitedmetotheconcert.

Use the phrases: We are expecting torrential rain.Thislargehailwilldamagethecrops!Whatstronggustywindblows!Somepeoplewereinjured.

3. Choose from the list below the words which best describe the weather in the UK.snowy,foggy,rainy,sunny,cloudy,windy,hot,warm,frosty,nasty,overcast,hurricane,

thunder,lightning,thaw,torrentialrain,gustywinds,severeweather,violentstorm,pourcats and dogs

4. Read the world weather news. Say what happened.AlineofseverestormsbegandevelopingonFridaystretchingfromBelfastthrough

OmaghandupintopartsofColeraine.SeveralpeoplewereinjuredlateonFriday.More than10,000homesandbusinesses lostpower lateonSaturdayafterviolent

storms.PartsofOmaghandColeraineareexpectingtorrentialrain,stronggustywindsandlargehail,whichcouldpotentiallydamagewheatcrops.Severeweatheroverthenextfewdaysislikelytoaddtoproblems.

5. Compare the climate and weather in Ukraine and Great Britain. Use the phrases given below.Comparing and Contrasting•Themain/greatest/most important/most significant difference between the… isthat…

•Themoststriking/obvioussimilarityisthat…•Inthe…whereas/while/butinthe…

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UNIT 6 The United Kingdom

Lesson 54 The Population of the UK1. Say:

1)whatpartsoftheUnitedKingdomyouknow;2)whatlanguagetheScots/Welsh/Irishpeoplespeak;3)whatcityisthecapitalcityofEngland/Scotland/Wales/NorthernIreland.

2. Work in pairs. Speak about the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland.

3. Listen and read the words and word combination. Explain their meaning.

urban ruralgradual rise project

[ˈɜːbən][ˈrʊərəl][ˈɡrædʒuəl raɪz][ˈprɒdʒekt]

4. Study the information about the UK’s population.

United Kingdom Demographics Profile 2018

Population 64,769,452(July2017est.)

Age structure 0-14 years: 17.53%15-24 years: 11.9%25-54 years: 40.55%55-64 years: 11.98%65 years and over: 18.04%(2017est.)

Median age total: 40.5 years male: 39.3years female: 41.7 years (2017 est.)

Birth rate 12.1 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate 9.4deaths/1,000population(2017est.)

Net migration rate 2.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Urbanization urban population: 83.1%oftotalpopulation(2017)

Majorcities—population

LONDON(capital)10.313million;Manchester2.646million;Birmingham2.515million;Glasgow1.223million;Southampton/Portsmouth882,000;Liverpool870,000(2015)

Mother’s mean age atfirstbirth

28.5 years note: data represent England and Wales only (2014 est.)

Infant mortality rate total: 4.3deaths/1,000livebirths male: 4.7deaths/1,000livebirths female: 3.9deaths/1,000livebirths(2017est.)

115

Lesson 54Nationality noun: Briton(s),British(collectiveplural)

adjective: British

Ethnic groups white87.2%,black/African/Caribbean/blackBritish3%,Asian/AsianBritish:Indian2.3%,Asian/AsianBritish:Pakistani1.9%,mixed2%,other3.7%(2011est.)

Religions Christian (includes Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist)59.5%,Muslim4.4%,Hindu1.3%,other2%,unspecified7.2%,none25.7%(2011est.)

Languages Englishnote: thefollowingarerecognizedregionallanguages:Scots(about30%ofthepopulationofScotland),ScottishGaelic(about60,000inScotland),Welsh(about20%ofthepopulationofWales),Irish(about10%ofthepopulationofNorthernIreland),Cornish(some2,000to3,000inCornwall)(2012est.)

Source: CIAWorldFactbookEngland’s population: is expected to reach 52.5 million by 2021. England is facing

significantdemographicchanges—afallingbirthrateandagradualriseintheaverageageof thepopulationaspeople live longer.Expertshaveprojected that,asa resultofthesechanges,thepopulationratewillbegintofallafter2021.

Distribution:89%urban,11%rural.

5. Match the words to make up the word combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own. 1.average a)rate 2.49.9 b)changes 3. birth c) percent 4. demographic d) million 5.89 e)age

6. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.1.HowmanypeopleliveinEngland?2.HowmanypeopleareexpectedtoliveinEnglandby2021?3. What demographic changes is England facing?4.Whywillthepopulationratebegintofallafter2021?5. What is the death rate in the UK?6. What is the median age in the UK?7. What languages do people speak in the UK?8. Which is the largest ethnic group in the UK?

7. Compare the demographic changes in Ukraine with those in England. Write down 7–10 sentences.

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UNIT 6 The United Kingdom

Lesson 55 Ethnic Groups in the UK1. Listen and read the words and word combination. Explain their meaning.

according tomultipledecreaseincreasedouble

[əˈkɔːdɪŋ tə][ˈmʌltɪpl][dɪˈkriːs][ɪnˈkriːs][ˈdʌbl]

2. Create your own pyramid on ethnic groups in the UK. Use your knowledge from other subjects.

ethnic group percentage

3. Study the information below. Correct your pyramid (exercise 2).Accordingtothe2011Census,theethniccompositionoftheUnitedKingdomwasas

setoutinthetablebelow.

Ethnic group Population (2011) Percentage of total population

White or White British:Total 55,010,359 87.1

Gypsy/Traveller/IrishTraveller:Total 63,193 0.1

AsianorAsianBritish:Indian 1,451,862 2.3

AsianorAsianBritish:Pakistani 1,174,983 1.9

AsianorAsianBritish:Bangladeshi 451,529 0.7

AsianorAsianBritish:Chinese 433,150 0.7

AsianorAsianBritish:Other Asian 861,815 1.4

Asian or Asian British:Total 4,373,339 6.9

Black or Black British:Total 1,904,684 3.0

MixedorMultiple:Total 1,250,229 2.0

OtherEthnicGroup:Total 580,374 0.9

Total 63,182,178 100

4. Read a report which describes the information in the table above.Themainfactsandfiguresshowthat:•according to the 2011Census, the total population ofEnglandandWaleswas56.1million,and87.0%ofthepopulationwasWhite

117

Lesson 55•people from Asian ethnic groups made up the second largest percentage of the population (at6.9%), followedbyBlackethnicgroups (at3.3%),Mixed/Multipleethnicgroups(at2.2%)andOtherethnicgroups(at0.9%)

•amongthespecificethnicgroups,peoplefromtheWhiteBritishethnicgroupmadeupthelargestpercentageofthepopulation(at87.0%),followedbyOtherWhite(4.4%)andIndian(2.3%)

• from 2001 to 2011, the percentage of the population of England and Wales that wasWhiteBritishdecreasedfrom87.4%to80.5%,whiletheOtherWhitegroupsawthelargestincreaseintheirshareofthepopulation,from2.6%to4.4%

• the percentage of the population from a Black African background doubled from 0.9%in2001to1.8%in2011

5. Work in pairs. Role-play the situation.Student 1: You are invited to work for the government agency in ethnic groups

department. Ask your predecessor about present ethnic composition in the UK.

Student 2: Youarethepredecessor.GivetheinformationStudent1needs.

! RememberConditional II. Type II (Умовні речення нереальної умови. Тип II)

Головне речення Підрядне реченняwould+Iформадієслова if(якби) IIформадієслова Напр.:Iwould go there Я пішов би туди,

ifякби

I had time.мав час.

6. Put the words in brackets into the correct form.1. If they (to investigate) that region, they (to find) petroleum.2. Ifwe(to produce)ironandsteel,we(to be) millionaires.3. If they (to manufacture)motorvehiclesandagriculturalmachinery,they(to be) an

important industrial centre.4. If there (to be)torrentialrain,stronggustywindandlargehail,it(to damage) wheat

crops.5. If it (to be)aseverethunderstorm,it(to cause)flashflooding.

7. Compete the sentences.1. If they asked me, ...2. If I had a lot of money, ...3.IfthisT-shirtwasn’tsoexpensive,...4. If you don’t stop smoking, ...5.IfIwereamillionaire,...6.IwouldgotoLondonif…7.Iwouldwriteareportif…8.Iwouldcomparethefiguresif…9.Iwouldprojectthatif…10.Theaverageageofthepopulationwouldriseif…

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UNIT 6 The United Kingdom

Lesson 56 Literacy of Population in the UK1. Look at the sentences below. Put commas where necessary. How do they

change the meaning of the sentences?

Commas are important!

“Let’seatGrandma!”I like cooking my family and pets.We are going to cut and paste kids!

2. Read the information from the text.Literacy in the UK

99%ofpeople in theUnitedKingdomaged15andoldercan readandwrite. It isbecauseofuniversalpubliceducationforallBritishresidents.

However,UKteenagershaveverylowskillsinEnglishandMathematics.

Literacy SkillsTest scores of age group 16–24

Low or No Computer SkillsAge group 16–24

JapanGermanyFrance

USEngland and N. Ireland

Italy

299279275272266261

England and N. Ireland US

Ireland Poland

Canada Germany

Austria Australia

Japan

54 %54%52%50%46%44%44%41%40%

3. Work in pairs. Why do you think teenagers have such a low level of English, Maths and computer skills?

4. Listen to the text about what British teenagers read. Answer the questions.1. WhatisthefavouritereadingofBritishteenagers?2. Why do many girls like to read Stephenie Meyer’s

books?3. HowdidtheInternetaddtothenewboominteenage

reading?4. What is to be done if somebody does not like reading?

5. Compare the literacy of population in Ukraine and the UK. Be ready to discuss it in class.

119

Lesson 57Lesson 57Age Structure 1. a) Work in pairs. Look at the numbers that demonstrate some facts about

population in the UK. Match them to a–h.

1. 66,155,235 2. 403. 784. 805. 22736. 16527. 5108. 13,000

a)womenliveb)peopledieeverydayc)averageaged)menlivee)babiesareborneverydayf) population g)immigrantscomeeverydayh)peopleover100

b) Listen and check.

2. Ask each other questions about the population of the UK.Model: HowmanypeopleliveintheUK?

3. Look at the information below. Work in pairs. Describe the population structure in the UK.

17.3% 66.2% 16.5%

population under 15populationbetween15and64yearsold population 65+

4. Listen to the text about the population of the United Kingdom in 2037 and fill in the gaps.In2037therewillbeover…millionpeoplelivingintheUK.Theaverageageofallcitizenswillbe….Almosteveryfamilywillhave…children.Therewillbeabout…peopleaged100andover.Every…citizenwillbeover65.

5. Summarize the information about the population in Great Britain.

6. Write what you would do in each situation? Use type II Conditional.1. Youloseamapofthecity.2. Youdon’tknowhowtogettosomeplace.3. Youseeamouseinthehotelroom.4. Thefoodintherestaurantisawful.5. Thehotelisverynoisy.6. YouareinJapan,butyoucannotspeakJapanese.7. Youneedtobuyaplaneticket.

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UNIT 6 The United Kingdom

Lesson 58Revision

! RevisionModal verbs (Модальні дієслова)

may can must should need will1)уміння, здатність2)дозвіл (офіційне мовлення)

1)можливість2)дозвіл(неофіційнемовлення)

обов’язок порада необхідність прохання,порада

1. Choose the correct modal verb.1. A:Must/CanIplaywithatiger? B:No,youneedn’t/mustn’t.It’snotallowed.2. A:Shall/May I cook dinner tonight? B:No,youdon’thaveto/mustn’t.Wecan/may go out to eat.3. A:Excuseme,I’mlookingforthemuseum. B:I’mafraidIcan’t/mustn’thelpyou.Idon’tlivearoundhere.4. A:Can/Must I go to the party tonight, Mum? B:No,I’mafraidyoucan’t/shouldn’t.

2. Role-play the exchanges from exercise 1.

3. Write about how people must and mustn’t behave in your ideal world and then compare it with your classmate’s.

In my ideal worldA good friend must A good friend mustn’tClassmate: Classmate:Parent: Parent:

4. Listen, read and remember the following geographical names.

ThamesWhalesIrelandScafellSlieveDonardEuropeClydeLoughNeagh

[temz][weɪlz][ˈaɪələnd][ˌskɔːfel][ˌsliːv ˈdɒnərd][ˈjʊərəp][klaɪd][ˌlɔh'neɪ]

121

Lesson 585. Say what you are made and what you are allowed to do in your school.

Model: IamallowedtodoresearchontheInternet,butIammadetostayafterschool and study if I break any school rule.

6. Read the text. Say which country is described.Theylieoffthenorth-westcoastofcontinentalEurope.TheyaremadeupofGreat

Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Northern Ireland.It isseparatedfromEuropebytheEnglishChannel.Thecountry iswashedbythe

Atlantic Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the east.Mountains are an important part of the geography of the country. The highest

mountainsareBenNevisinScotland,SnowdowinWales,ScafellintheLakeDistrictandSlieveDonardinNorthernIreland.

ThemainriversinEnglandaretheSevernandThames.Scotland’slongestriveristheClydeandIreland’s—theShannon.ThelargestlakeistheLoughNeaghinNorthernIreland.

7. Divide into teams. Each team says in turn one sentence about Ukraine/the UK. The team which gives more information about the two countries wins.

8. Paraphrase the sentences using the modal verbs should, can, may, must.Model: I am suresheisinEgyptnow.ShemustbeinEgyptnow.1. I advise you to go and see Canada. 2. I allow you to stay here. 3. I am sure they are

ontourintheUSA.4.Hedoesn’tknowmyaddress.Youhave to meet him at the airport. 5. He is able to do it himself.

9. Look at the mind map. Be ready to tell the class about the UK.

climate and weather

ethnic groups

literacy of population

United Kingdom

age structure

geography population

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UNIT 6 The United Kingdom

SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 6

Level 11. Remember and write down the words you will need to speak about population.2. Choose the correct answer.

1.Imay/mustgotoschooleveryday. 3.Sheneed/shouldvisitadoctor.2. He can / need ride a bike. 4. Sorry, I can / must go.

3. Look at the pictures. Write down sentences describing each of them.

Level 21. Choose the correct item.

1. The United Kingdom lies in the coast of Europe. a)eastern b)western c)southern d)northern2. The UK is composed of islands. a) 4.500 b) 5.000 c) 3.500 d) 5.5003.InJanuarysouth-western isthewarmestpartinGreatBritain. a) England b) Wales c) Scotland d) Ireland4. population is expected to reach 52.5 million by 2021. a) England’s b) Wales’ c) Scotland’s d) Ireland’s5. People from ethnic group made up the second largest percentage of

the population. a)WhiteBritish b)AsianBritish c)Gypsy d)BlackBritish6. is separated from Europe by the English Channel. a) The UK b) England c) Scotland d) Northern Ireland7. The highest mountain in isBenNevis. a) England b) Wales c) Scotland d) Northern Ireland

2. Choose the correct word.1. If you don’t/will hurry, you’ll miss the train.2. What can/will I do if she refuses to listen to me.

Ethnic Groups in the UK

Ban

glad

eshi

7.

75

Bla

ck A

fric

an

7.64

Mid

dle

East

ern

7.48In

dian

7.

68

Paki

stan

i 7.

76

Oth

er

7.03

Car

ibbe

an

6.89

Whi

te

6.58M

ixed

race

6.

79Chi

nese

6.

90

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Lesson 583.HisFrenchwon’timproveprovided/unless he studies more.4. If I had/willhavemoretime,Iwouldtakeuptennis.5. If I were/wouldbeinyourposition,I’dbuyanewsuit.

3. Write whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false ones. 1. TheUKhasjustover50millioninhabitants.2. TheUKpeoplearefamousfortheirfolksongsanddances.Theyareveryskilled

in pottery.3. Birthrateaccountsfor10,49birthsper1,000people,whereasdeathrateaccounts

16,42 deaths per 1,000 people.4. Agegroup15–64makesup68,8%.5. Agegroup0–14aswellas65andovermakesup15,6%.6. Theaverageageofmale is34,91yearswhereas theaverageageof female is

41,21 years.Level 3

1. Write as many words and word combinations as you can under each heading.

geography of the UK

climate of the UK

population in the UK

ethnic groups in the UK

2. Make up and write down 5 sentences with the modal verbs may, can, must should and need.

3. Write the answers to the questions about the UK.1. What languages are spoken in the UK?2.Howlongdomale/femalelive?3.Howcanyouexplainthatfemalelivelongerthanmale?4. What is the rate of male and female at birth?

Self-Assessment Module 6

Unit

7

SCHOOL LIFE

Lesson 59Favourite Subject1. Label the pictures with the names of the

subjects. Add some more subjects.

125

Lesson 592. Put the subjects from exercise one in the correct column.

Sciences Humanities Arts Other Subjects

3. Work in pairs. Discuss:•whichofthesubjectsyoulikemostandwhy;•whichsubjectsarethemostuseful;•whatothersubjectsyouwould like to learn (HistoryofArt,Ethics,Beekeeping,Cyber-security,Dancesetc.).

Give your reasons.4. Listen and read the words and word combinations. Write three-four items

you think will be discussed during this lesson. Check it.

admirationaestheticbeeaddictionenvironmenthoneymandatorypurposeboastharvestvaluereceivegrades

[ˌædməˈreɪʃn][iːsˈθɛtɪk][biː][əˈdɪkʃn][ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt][ˈhʌni][ˈmændətɔːri][ˈpəːpəs][boʊst][ˈhɑːvɪst][ˈvæljuː][rɪˈsiːv ɡreɪdz]

5. Read the texts about unusual subjects that children study at school. Answer the questions below.Interesting lessonsmake time fly, while boring ones seem to last forever. This is

aselectionofunusuallessonsfromaroundtheworld.Japan: Admiration for Nature

The purpose of these lessons is to teach children to enjoy the aesthetic aspect of the environment.Veryoftenmodernkidsprefertospendtimeinfrontof computers and do not pay much attention to the beautyofnature.Thesubjectinvolvespupilsreceiving

gradesandeventaking an exam.

Bashkiria: BeekeepingMore than 100 schools in Вashkiria teach kids

toharvesthoney.Suchlessonsteachschoolchildrenpatience,attentivenessandaccuracy.

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UNIT 7 School Life

Israel: Cyber-securityAs the Internet continues to dominate in many

aspectsofourlife,cyber-securitybecomesaveryimportant area of knowledge. In Israeli schoolskids are taught how to behave in cyberspaceand how to respond to blog and social networkcomments.Specialattentionisgiventotheissueofvideogameaddiction.

Armenia: Folk DancesArmenians are proud of their folk dances.

Armenian culture boasts more than 1,500 dances, each of them having unique history andmeaning.Forthisreason,in2013Armenianauthoritiesmadefolk dancing a mandatory part of the curriculum.

Australia: Surfing LessonsAustralians are now teaching their most

spectacularsportinschools.ThesamelessonshavebeenintroducedinHawaii.

USA: Scientific discoveriesAfter finishing their science theory course

some U.S. kids get the same final homework — toinvent something. The research period finishes witha presentation, which the students make before theirteachers and classmates. Each project is discussed, andthenthefinalgradeisawarded.

6. Characterize each subject. If there is no information in the text, think of the possible answer.

Subjects Questions to answer about each subject:

Admiration for natureBeekeepingCyber-securityFolkdancesSurfinglessonsScientificdiscoveries

Where is the subject introduced?What is it purpose?What do students do at the lessons?Wouldyouliketohavethissubjectinyourschool?Why?/Why not

7. Find information about other unusual subjects that children study at schools. Be ready to present it to class.

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Lesson 60Lesson 60Schools in Great Britain1. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box.

receive,admiration,value,aesthetic,harvest,bee,boast,addiction,purpose,environment,mandatory,honey

1. Shelookedatthemwith....2. Froma/an...pointofview,it’sanicedesign.3. ... make honey.4. Shehelpedhimfighthisdrug....5. Weallhavearesponsibilitytoprotectthe....6. Music is an optional, not a ... subject.7. Whatisthe...ofyourvisit?8. He’s...abouthisachievementsatschool.9. Itistimeforthe....10.She...thetimeshespendswithherfamily.11. They ... excellent grades at the exam.

2. Work in pairs. Discuss what you know about British education. Mind the following:• state schools•privateschools• primary education• secondary education• examinations and assessment• higher education

3. Read the text about schools in Great Britain. Answer the questions after the text. Children’s education in England is normally

divided into twostages.Theybeginwithprimary educationattheageoffive,andthisusuallylastsuntiltheyareeleven.Thentheymovetosecondary school, there they stay until they reach sixteen, seventeen or eighteen. The main categories ofschoolare:

•stateschoolswhicharefreetoallchildrenbetweentheagesof5–16;

•private/publicschoolswhereparentspayfortheirchildren’seducation.State Schools

IntheUK93%ofthechildreninEnglandandWalesgotoStateschoolswhicharenon fee-paying.Parentsmustmakesure that theirchildhasapen,pencil, ruleretc.,butthecostofothermorespecialisedequipment,books,examinationfeesarecovered

128

UNIT 7 School Life

bytheschool.Parentsmust,however,payfortheirchild’sschooluniform,sportswear,music lessonsand trips.Schoolsmayask for voluntary contributions for school timeactivities—butnopupilmaybeleftoutofanactivityiftheirparentsorguardiancannotor do not pay.

Primary Schools (5–11 Year Olds) IntheUK,thefirstlevelofeducationisknownas

primaryeducation.Thesearealmostalwaysmixedsex, and usually located close to the child’s home. Childrentendtobewiththesamegroupthroughoutthe day, and one teacher has responsibility for most oftheworktheydo.Parentsareencouragedtohelptheirchildrenwithreadingandwriting,andchildrendosomehomework,evenduringtheearlyyearsatschool.

Secondary Schools (11–16 Year Olds) At the age of 11 most children usually go

to their nearest secondary school, though the law allows parents in England andWales tosend their children to other schools too. Most secondary schools are for both sexes. They are much larger than primary schools. Nearly 88 per cent of secondary school students go tocomprehensiveschoolswhichtakechildrenof all abilities and provide a wide range ofsecondary education for all or most of the children in a district from 11 to 16 or 18.

GrammarSchoolsareselective,theyofferacademicallyorientedgeneraleducation.Entranceisbasedonatestofability,usuallyat11.GrammarschoolsaresinglesexedschoolssochildreneithergotoaboysGrammarSchooloragirlsGrammarSchool.

Public Schools Parents pay for their children to attend these

schools. There is a preparatory school for the childrenagedfrom7to11or13whichpreparesstudents to go to a public school. A public school is an independent secondary school. There are entrance exams taken at the age of 11 by girls or 13 for boys. The most famous public schools are Eton,HarrowandWinchester.

4. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. Publicschoolsareprivate.2. State schools are free.3. Instateschoolschildren’sparentshavetopayforbooks.

129

Lesson 604. If parents cannot pay for child’s school uniform or items of sports wear, state

schoolsprovidethemwithallthese.5. Primaryschoolsarealmostalwayssinglesex.6. In primary school children are taught by many teachers.7. Childrendonotdohomeworkinprimaryschool.8. Children can go only to the nearest secondary school.9. Comprehensiveschoolsofferacademicallyorientedgeneraleducation.10.TogettoaGrammarSchoolchildrenhavetopassentrancetestssuccessfully.11. Preparatory schools prepare children to go to grammar school.

5. Answer the following questions.1. WhatarethemaintypesofschoolinGreatBritain?2. What do parents pay for in state school?3. Doparentshavetopayforschooltimeactivitiesinstateschool?4. Whatisthedifferencebetweencomprehensiveandgrammarschools?5. Whatisthedifferencebetweenstateandpublicschools?

6. Draw a mind map using the information from the text.

7. Using the mind map, speak about schools in Great Britain.

8. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Sueisfeelingunhappy.Shedoesn’tknowwhattodo.Suehasfewfriendsandshe

isnotverysporty.Ifshe(join) an after school drama club, she (make) more friends. She (feel) better if she (go out)more.Herschoolmarksarenotverygood.Butifshe(study) more, she (get) better marks and (get) intouniversity. Ifshe(go) to the gym, she (feel) healthier. Also she (have) more energy if she (walk) to school and (add) more fruit and vegetablestoherdiet.Shedoesn’tsleepwellasshesurfsthenetalot.Ifshe(not spend) so much time on the Internet, she (sleep) more and (have) more time to study and rest.

9. Find additional information about schools in Great Britain. Be ready to present it in class.

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UNIT 7 School Life

Lesson 61Schools

! Післядеякихдієсліввживаєтьсяto+інфінітив.Напр.: Idecidedtohelpmyclassmatewithhishomework. WeallwantedtohavemoreEnglishclassesperweek.

• Такимидієсловамиє: to agree, arrange, attempt, choose, decide, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, plan, prefer, promise, refuse, remember, tend, try, want, would like, would love.

• Післядієслівto make, to let,атакожпіслямодальнихдієслівcan, may, mustінфінітивуживаєтьсябезчасткиto.Напр.: Theteacherletusrewritethetest. Mother made me repeat the poem again. Youmaygohome.

1. Fill in the gaps with a verb from the box below. Put it in the correct form.

enter,lend,visit,take,sell,write,apologise,tell,stay,finish

1. They managed ... the task in time.2. She refused ... him her car.3. Lindawants...university.4. Theteacherpromised...ustothelocaluniversitynextweek.5. Shewillnotletme...anymore.6. Nick agreed ... me his old laptop.7. I’dlove...theUSAoneday.8. Theteachermadehim...forhisbehaviour.9. Iforgot...acomposition.10. Could you ... me the time, please?

2. a) Listen to the information about Eton College. Answer the following questions. 1. Do students have to pass exams to

enter the college? 2. When does the academic year start?3. Whendoesitfinish?4. Can girls enter public schools in Britain?5. Whendostudentsleavetheschool?

b) Listen for the second time and correct the mistakes in the summary below.

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Lesson 61Eton College

EtonisnotthemostfamousandpopularpublicschoolintheUK.Itwasfoundedin1540 by English king Henry the Sixth.

Entrance toEton iscompetitive,basedona testat theageof10andaCommonEntranceexamat12.Academicstandardsarenotveryhigh.Theacademicyearhastwoterms.TherearenogirlsatEton.However,manyotherboys’publicschools in theUKacceptsomegirlsintheupperschool,afterage14.ManyschoolleaversgoontostudyattopuniversitiessuchasOxfordandCambridge.

3. Think of the questions you would like to ask students of Eton College.

4. Do you agree with the statement: schools should be free for all students.

5. Discuss in pairs what you think about single-sex education.

6. Work in pairs. Look at the list of extracurricular activities. Discuss what you could learn in them and which you would like to attend. Be ready to present each other’s choice in class.

Art ClubAstronomy ClubBadminton Club

Book ClubCoding Club

DebatingGreenGroupSocial Justice

Tournament of Minds

7. Write about extracurricular activities you would like to attend. Explain why?

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UNIT 7 School Life

Lesson 62Schoolare Different!

!Післядеякихдієсліввживаєтьсяіменник/займенник(me/you/her/

him/it/us/them)+ to+інфінітив.Напр.:Sheasked him to help herwiththehomework.Hewanted his friends to come to his party.

• Такими дієсловами є: to advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, force, invite, order, remind, teach, tell, want, would like

• Післядієслівto make, to let, to see, to hearінфінітивуживаєтьсябезчасткиto.Напр.:Theteacherletusrewritethetest. Mother made me repeat the poem again. I heard him cry.

1. Paraphrase the following sentences as in the model.Model: He mustn’t be late for school. I donotwanthimtobelateforschool.Jim to Mary:Whydon’tyoucometotheconcertwithme?Jimwants....I don’t think the children should study up to late at night.Idon’twant....Whydon’tyoucometothelibrarywithme?Iwant....Mary to Nick: Youmustcometomorrow.Marywants....Nick to mother:Ishallbehavewell.Nick promised ... .

2. Put the verbs in brackets into correct infinitive form.A: Kate is good at playing the piano, isn’t she?B:Yes.Iheardher(play)inaconcertlastweek.Shewasamazing!A: Nick! Could you (let) the dog out?B:No.Sorry,Mum!I’mbusydoingmyhomeworknow!A:There’snopointindoingtheseexercises.They’retoodifficult.B:Youshouldn’t(give up) so easily. A:Whatwouldyoulikeme(make) for dinner?B:Please,don’ttroubleyourself.Let’s(dine) out today! My treat!A:WasMikepunishedforhisbadbehaviour?B: His teacher made him (apologise).A: Is Jack coming to the party?B:Yes,hisparentslethim(go).

133

Lesson 62A: Is Miss Jackson in the class?B:Yes,Ijustheardher(talk) to someone.A:Doyouknowhowtodothatexercise?B: I am going to ask my teacher (explain)howtodoit.A:Haveyoudonetheexercise?B:Yes,mymothermademe(do) it.

3. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Dear Mary,Iamwriting(thank) youfortheletter.Iwassohappy

(receive) it,andI’mgladthatyouaredoingwell.Last weekend my friends and I went to a theme

park.Ifyouhaven’tbeen,youreallyshould(visit)itwhenyou come.

Myparentshaveagreed(send) me to tennis lessons. They’re glad (see) that I’m so interested in sport. I’m lookingforwardtohavingmyfirstlessonthisSaturday.Ican’twait(tell) you all about it.

Well, I must (go) now.Ihope(hear) from you soon.Take care, Julie

4. Listen and read the words and word combination. Explain their meaning.

backgroundbasicsdeliverdiverseenrol in schoolimpactfloodnapvolunteerwander

[ˈbækɡraʊnd][ˈbeɪsɪks][dɪˈlɪvə][daɪˈvɜːs][ɪnˈroʊl][ˌˈɪmpækt][flʌd][næp][ˌvɒlənˈtɪə][ˈwɒndə]

5. a) There are so many different kinds of schools. Learning can take place anywhere. Look at the pictures. Discuss what kinds of school they are.

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b) Read the text below and match the paragraphs to the pictures. Bangladeshhas limitednatural resourcesand is influencedbyclimatechange.So

thereareregularfloodsinthecountry.Floodsaresocommonthatstudentsoftencan’tgettotheclassroom.Boatschoolsallowchildrentocontinuewiththeireducationduringfloods.PeopleinsomepartsofBangladeshhavelearnedtoworkwithwhattheyhavebyteaching children on boats.

Children attend school on train platforms in India. These schools help poor children get education. Classes take place at train stops and help students who cannot go toregularschoolsbecausetheirfamiliesaretoopoor.Uptonowtheseschoolshaveofferededucationtoover4000children.

DifferentstudentsstudyattheMicrosoft-designedSchooloftheFutureinPhiladelphia.Manyofthemmaybepioneersinthefieldoftechnology.Onlyselectedstudentscanstudythere.Theydon’thavetoworryaboutbooksaslearningatthisschooliscompletelydigital.Instead of traditional blackboards teachers use computerised smart boards.

ThereisnocurriculumatBrooklynFreeSchool inNewYork.Studentscanchooseanyclasstheywantandareallowedtostayawayfromschooliftheydon’tliketocome.Children create the school rules. Some may have independent studies, which couldlastyears.Ifstudentswant,theymayplay,walkaroundorjustnap.Therearenotests,homeworkorgrades.

ThisschoolinIndiaissituatedunderaverybusyroad.Itisorganisedbyvolunteersforpoorchildrenwhodonotgotoschool.ItislocatedinthecityofNewDelhi.Volunteersteach children the basics of reading, Mathematics and English. The school has been going for 10 years and has about 300 students.

6. Work in pairs. Decide which school or schools you would like to see.

7. Do you think that education can help people to escape poverty. Write your ideas. Be ready to discuss them in class.

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Lesson 63Lesson 63Education in America1. Match the items from two columns. Some items may be used more than

once. Make as many word combinations as possible.harvestsurfingsocialnetworkaesthetic enrol in receivehigher digital videogamediversetake folk regular entrance

honeylessonsaspectgradesan examcommentsaddictiondanceeducationexamsschool floodsbackgroundstechnology

b) Make up sentences with five word combinations.

2. Read each sentence and write the second one from the words given.Model: MyfriendtoldmethatitwouldbegreatifIwentwithhimtothematch. My friend/want/me/gowithhimtothematch Me friendwantedmetogowithhimtothematch.1. ThereisafootballmatchbetweenUkraineandSpain. You/want/Ukraine/win?2. “Don’tforgettobringthebook,please”,Mikesaidtome. Mike / ask / me / bring /the book3. “Wouldyouliketodinewithme?”TomsaidtoMary. Tom/invite/Mary/dine/withhim4. Please,don’ttellNickthatI’mleaving. I/want/Nick/know5. Thestoryisverysad. It / make / me / cry6. DoyouknowJack? No/I/wouldlike/meet

3. Work in pairs. Discuss what you know about American education.

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4. Read the text about education in the USA.

Education in AmericaIn the USA there is not a national

system of education, it is mainly the responsibilityoftheindividualstates.Eachof 50 states has its own school system.Everychildagedfrom7to16or6to18ofany race, religion, sex, learning problems or physical disabilities gets education. There areusuallygrades1-12.SchoolattendanceiscompulsoryintheUnitedStatesbetween6 and 16.

The majority of all schools are public schools financed by state or localgovernments.Theyarefree.Publicschoolsin theUSAnevermeanprivate schoolsas theydo inEngland.Therearealsoprivate schoolswith high tuition fees so usually only children from rich families attend these schools.However,nearlyallprivateschoolsofferscholarships.

All public schools aremixed schools (coeducational— for boys and girls), someprivateschoolsaresingle-sex.

Almost all state schools have classes fromMondays to Fridays.At some schoolstheschoolyear isusuallydivided into three terms— fall, springandsummer—asatBritish schools, at other schools into quarters.After each term or quarter children geta reportcardwhichinformstheirparentsabouttheirresultsatschool,andattheendofthe school year they get a transcript.MarksinmostUSschoolsare:

A (excellent)B(superior,aboveaverage)C (satisfactory)D (passing grade)E (completely unsatisfactory).Theschooldayusuallystartsbetween8and9a.m.andendsataround3p.m. It

includes a lunch break and sometimes free hours during the day. School uniforms are wornonlyatprivateschools.

5. Look at the words in bold. Guess the meaning of those you do not know. Match the words to their definitions.a) the money that you pay to be taught b) anofficialreportsuppliedbyaschoolontherecordofanindividualstudent,listing

subjectsstudied,gradesreceived,etc.c) lossofaspecificbodilyfunctionorfunctionsd) a report on a student that is periodically submitted by a school to the student’s

parents or guardiane) agrantorpaymentmadetosupportastudent’seducation,awardedonthebasis

ofacademicorotherachievement

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Lesson 636. Decide if the statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.

1. Schoolsystemisdifferentineachstate.2. All children in the USA must attend school.3. Public schools are free.4. The majority of schools in the USA are coeducational.

7. Complete the sentences using the information from the text.1. In the USA there is not a national system of education...2. Public schools are...3. Therearealsoprivateschoolswhich...4. Aftereachtermorquarterchildren...5. At the end of the school year children...

8. Compare Ukrainian and American education. Use the following expressions.

DescribingSimilarities:is rather like / resembles / has a lot in common with / is pretty much the same as / is similar to

DescribingDifferences:is totally different from / varies greatly from / has very little in common with / bears little resemblance to / is different from

9. Read the jokes about school.1. A: What did you learn in school today? B:Notenough,Ihavetogobacktomorrow!2. A:Whydidthestudentthrowhiswatchoutoftheschoolwindow? B:Hewantedtoseetimefly.3. A:Whydoesamathbookalwayslookunhappy? B:Becauseitalwayshaslotsofproblems.

Ukrainian School American School

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Lesson 64Schools in the USA1. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words from the box.

tuition fee, scholarship, physical disability, reportcard, transcript

1. DidyouthinkIwouldn’tfindyour...?2. Teachers shouldn’t lower standards to studentswith ..., butmustgive theman

opportunitytodemonstratewhattheyhavelearned.3. A high school ... is basically a record of your academic accomplishments. 4. Theprogramprovidesa...tomaintainchildrenfromdifferentbackgrounds.5. A ... of 1800 dollars per program is charged.

2. Read about schools in the USA.

Pre-School and Elementary Education Pre-school and elementary education includes nursery schools and kindergartens

whichareforchildrenattheageof4–6.Mostofthemareprivate.Manypublicschoolshave kindergartens, for the age group between 5 and 6. These kindergartens do notcharge any money.

BothelementaryandsecondaryeducationiscomprehensiveintheUSA—itmeansthat there is no selection for various types of schools (every school learns the samesubjects).Yearsarecalled“grades”intheUSA.Elementaryschoollastsbetween6and11yearsofage.Itisfromthefirsttillthefifthgrade.Thechildrenatelementaryschoolslearn to read, write, Mathematics, Elementary Science, History, Geography, Arts andCrafts, Physical Education and Music.

The atmosphere at elementary schools is usually friendly. Teachers keep to the idea thatchildren’shappinessandinterestarethetwomostimportantthings.

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Lesson 64Secondary education is based on

the idea of mass education with equal opportunity for all. Over 90 per cent ofstudents continue in school until the age of18.SecondaryeducationisprovidedbyMiddle Schools (from 11 to 14 years of age) orbyHighSchoolswhichareoftendividedinto Junior High School (at the age 11 to 14) and Senior High School (at the age of 15 to 18).

In cities there may be a wide choice of secondary schools. In some places you may havetheopportunitytoattendaspecializedschool,suchasaschoolforscienceoraschoolfor the performing arts or to go to the central high school in the area. If a student chooses toremainatthecentralhighschool,heorshemayhaveanopportunitytochoosesubjectsfromtraditionalonessuchasEnglish,ModernLanguages,Mathematics,Science,History,Geography, Civics, Physical Education and from many elective subjects (European History,World Political Issues, Business Education, Foreign Languages,Music, DriverEducation, Health, Computer Skills, Home Management etc.).

Someschoolsmayalsoofferdifferentprograms of study. The entrance to the most difficult programs, usually academic,dependsuponwhatonewouldliketostudyin the futureanduponone’smarkswhicharealsocalledintheUSA“grades”.Ifonehas high grades and is interested in some subjects, one may enter the higher class. On the other hand it is possible to study all subjects,butthelevelofinstructionwillnotbeashigh.Studentsshouldtakeonaverage17 subjects during their studies.Thosewhowant toenter university should takeover20 subjects.

Highschoolsgenerallyorganizemuchactivityoutside theclassroom;manyof themhavefootball,basketballandbaseballteams,anorchestra,ajazzband,andvariousclubsand societies.

Studentscanleaveschoolat16.However,manyofthemstayathighschooluntil18.

3. Look at the words in bold. Guess the meaning of those you do not know. Match the words to their definitions.a) a coursewhich is not necessary, but a school student takes because he/she

wantsto;b) formsofcreativeactivitythatareperformedinfrontofanaudience,suchasdrama,

music, and dance. c) manythingsamongwhichyoucanchoosetheoneyouwant;d) tobecomeamemberoforanactiveparticipantin;e) the right to be treatedwithout discrimination, especially because of one’s sex,

race, or age.

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4. Answer the following questions.1. Whatdoespre-schoolandelementaryeducationinclude?2. Aretheypublicorprivate?3. Howlongdoeselementaryschoollast?4. What do the children at elementary schools learn?5. What is the main idea of elementary education?6. What is the main idea of secondary education?7. Whattypesofschoolsprovidesecondaryeducation?8. Whatdospecializedschoolsprovide?9. Doschoolsofferdifferentprogramsofstudy?10.Whendostudentsusuallyleaveschool?

5. Discuss in pairs the differences between school systems in Ukraine and the USA.

6. a) Listen to some additional information about schooling in the USA. Decide which questions the speaker answers.1. Can children or parents choose the public school?2. Canstudentschangeschoolifthefamilymovedtoanotherdistrict?3. Dotownsprovidetransporttoschool?4. Areparentsinformedabouttheofficialschoolholidayperiods?5. Areparentsallowedtotakechildrenfromclasses?6. Is it necessary that parents should inform the teachers if their child is not going to

school? b) Listen for the second time and correct the sentences below.

Atelementaryandsecondarylevels,studentsusuallyattendanypublicschooltheylike.Itisnecessarythatchildrenstartatthebeginningofanewterm(semester).Alltownsprovidetransporttoschool.Schoolvacationdatesarepublishedbyschoolsjustbeforethevacation.Parentsareneverallowedtotakechildrenfromclasses.

7. Write about the schooling system in the USA. Use questions from exercise 6 a.

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Lesson 65Lesson 65School Rules1. Complete the following sentences in English using the words from the

box in the correct form.

walk,sleep,enter,wait,explain,disturb,enter,come,cry

1. She did not understand the story so she asked me ... it to her.2. Youarehereearly!Iexpectedyou...later!3. Karen’sparentswantedher...university.4. Don’twakemeuptomorrowmorning.Letme....5. Thestorywereadforthehometaskwasverysad.Itmademe....6. Shallwebegin?No,let’s...afewminutestillallthestudentsarepresent.7. Talkquietly!Idon’twant...studentsworkinginthereadinghall!8. Whatuniversitydoyouadviseme...?9. Doyouwanttogotoschoolbybus?—No,let’s....

! Післядеякихдієслівможевживатисьінфінітивупасивномустані,якщовінвиражаєдію,щовиконуєтьсянадкимосьабочимось.

Напр.: Iaskedto be helpedwithmyhomework. Weallwantto be understood correctly. Idon’tlikedrivingmyself.Iprefer to be driven.

• Такими дієсловами є: to agree, ask, attempt, decide, expect, hate, hope, learn, like, love, need, plan, prefer, promise, refuse, remember, try, want, would like, would love, would prefer таін.

2. Use the verb in brackets to create a passive infinitive for each sentence or question.Model: Thestudentshope...theirownbooks(give). The students hope to be given theirownbooks.1. Thepupilsneed...howtousethemachines(show).2. Studentsexpect...whentheyhavedifficultieswiththeirstudies(help).3. Lunchis...at1p.m.(serve).4. Parentsalwayswant...abouttheirchildren’sacademicachievements(inform).5. Childrenneed...withthenecessaryequipment(provide).6. Studentswouldlike...onanexcursion(take).

3. Discuss in pairs the rules and regulations in your school. Mind the following: •students’behaviour • cell phones•devices • clothes and style• the things strictly forbidden

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4. Read the school rules in an American School.

1 Students are to be polite to others and respect others’ rights, property, and personal space.

2 Studentsare toWALK,not run, inhallways,onpathways,and in the luncharea.

3 Userespectfullanguage.Inappropriatelanguageinwriting,speechoractionare not permitted.

4 Items not used for academic purposes at school are not to be brought to the campus.Thisincludes:toys,electronicdevices,laserpens,andperfumes.

5 Mobile phones are permitted in school. Students may use them in class as learningdeviceswiththepermissionoftheteacher.Suchpermissionmustbeaskedforandreceivedbeforetheiruse.Studentswillnotbepermittedtousemobile phones in the school grounds.

6 Devicesarepermittedinschool.Studentswillbeabletousetheminclassaslearningdeviceswiththepermissionoftheteacher.

7 As a sign of respect, all adults are to be addressed as Miss, Mrs., Ms., or Mr. andnotbythefirstorlastname.

8Weexpectstudentstodressappropriatelyforschool.Studentsshallnotwearanyclothingthatisoffensivetoothers.Studentsaretobeclean-shavenatalltimeswhilerepresentingtheschool.

9 Dresses, skirts, and shorts lengthmust bemodest and not very short. Novisiblejewelleryistobewornandnopiercingsareallowed.

5. In pairs, compare the rules of the American school with those of your school.

6. Say:1.Whichotherrulesyouwouldrecommendtointroduceinyourschool.2. What rules in your school are not necessary.

7. Write school rules and regulations for your school.

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Lesson 66Lesson 66School Rules1. Complete the names of different types of schools.

1. schoolforchildrenfrom3to5cango: _u_se_y2. schoolwherestudentsagedover11study: _e_oa_y3. privateschoolsinBritainwhereparentshavetopayforeducation: _u_ _ic4. schools for 5–11 year olds _r_ _ar_5. schoolwherebothboysandgirlsstudytogether: _oe_u_ _ _io_a_6. schoolswhichtakechildrenofallabilitiesandprovideawiderangeofsecondary

education for all or most of the children in a district from 11 to 16 or 18 _o_pr_h_ _si_ _7. schools in Britain which are selective and offer academically oriented general

education _r_ _ma_

2. Paraphrase the following sentences as in the model.Model: Youmustn’tmissclasses. I don’twantyou to miss classes.1. Ithinkhewillpasstheexams. I expect ... .2. I think he is one of the best students. Ibelieve....3. I’lldoalltopersuadehimtogotouniversity. I’ll make ... .4. Youshouldn’tallowstudentstousecellphonesduringclasses. Don’t let ... .5. Whydon’twediscusstheprojectnow? Iwant....6. Theyallowedhimtouseadictionary. They let ... .7. Iwantsomebodytohelpmewithmystudies. Iwantto....8. Marythinkstheteacherwillaskheratthelessontomorrow. Mary expects to ... .

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UNIT 7 School Life

3. a) Discuss in pairs types of schools in Ukraine. Which ones have you attended so far? What did you like/dislike in them?

b) How would you recommend to improve schooling in Ukraine? Mind the following:•learningonline; • selectivesubjects;•homeassignments; • tests and exams.

4. a) Listen to the tape recorder and determine the problems the speaker outlines.

b) Listen for the second time and choose the correct answer.1. All students must be at school by ... a. m. a) 8.45 b) 8.55 c)9.00 d)8.352. Latecomersmustreporttothe...beforegoingtoclass. a)AttendanceOffice b)AttendingOffice c)Headmaster’sOffice d)Teacher3. Ifparentswanttheirchildtoleaveschoolduringschooltime,theyshouldwriteto

the...wellinadvance,notifyingdatesandthereasonforabsence. a)Dean b)AttendingOffice c) Teacher d) Headmaster 4. Eachapplicationforleavingduringschooltimeisanalysedby.... a) students, teachers, Deans and then by the Headmaster b)AttendingOffice c) student’s teachers, Deans, and then by the Headmaster d) Dean and then by the Headmaster5. If the child is absent from school for ... and more, the school should be informed

whythestudentisabsentfromschool. a) 3 days b) 2 days c)4days d)severaldays

5. Work in pairs. Discuss why students skip classes. If you could choose a punishment for students who are late for class or who play truant, what would it be and why?

6. Work in pairs. You are preparing for the final exams. Which form/forms of revision would you choose and why? Mind the following:

studying in group studying with a friend

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Lesson 66

Do you agree that tests are the fairest form of assessment? Why?/Why not?

7. Read the following jokes about school. Role-play them in class.

Q: What did you learn in school today?A:Notenough,Ihavetogobacktomorrow!

Teacher:Now,John,whatareyoudoing—learningsomething?Student: No, Sir! I’m listening to you!

Ateachersays toherclassoneday, “Whoeveranswersmynextquestion,cangohome”.Aboythrowshisbagoutthewindow.Theteacherasks,“Whojustthrewthat?”Theboysays,“Me!I’mgoinghomenow”.

Theprofessorrappedonhisdeskandshouted,“Gentlemen,order!”Theclassyelled,“Beer!”

studying alone using a computer program

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UNIT 7 School Life

SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 7

Part 1Listening

Listen to the conversation between Mary and her mother. Decide which statements (1–5) are true and which are false.1. AllthestudentsofMary’sclasswillspendaweekgoingtowork.2. Mary’smotherisunhappyaboutMaryworkinginheroffice.3. Marydoesn’tknowwhattodoafterleavingschool.4. Janeisinterestedinworkinginaschoolwithherfriends.5. Intheend,Jane’smotheragreestotakehertowork.

Part 2Reading

Read the text. Choose the correct answer (1–4).Lastweek Iwent to visitAtlantic college, an excellent private college inWales. It

givesyoungpeoplemuchnecessaryexperienceoflifeoutsidetheclassroom.Students,whoseageisbetween16and18,spendthemorningstudying.Intheafternoontheygooutanddoalotofimportantthings.Theyhelponthefarm,lookafterpeoplewithlearningdifficulties.

Studentscomefromdifferentcountriesandfamilies.HalfofthestudentsareBritish.The tuition fee is rather high in the college, but students can get scholarships. As Barbara, astudentfromFinland,said,“Thereyoulearntolivewithpeopleandrespectthem,eventheonesyoudon’tlike.Duringthesummerholidaysmymothercouldn’tbelievehowmuchlessIarguedwithmyyoungersister”.

Atlanticcollegegivesitsstudentsanexcellenteducationwhichreallyseemstowork.1. What can a reader learn from the text? AHowtobecomeastudentatAtlanticcollege. B What the British education system is like. C What students do at Atlantic college. 2. Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthecollege? AItdoesn’tallowstudentsenoughstudytime. BItgivesagoodeducation. CItteachestoworkonthefarm.3. Barbarathinksthecollegehastaughther…. Aalotaboutdifferentcountries B to respect people C to respect her elder sister4. Which information about the college is correct? AMorninglessonsandafternoonactivities. BMorninglessonsandlotsofweekendactivities. CLessonsallmorning,sportintheafternoon.

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Lesson 66Part 3

Read the sentences below. Choose the correct item (A, B, C or D).1. Froman…pointofview,theschooldesignisnice. Аaesthetic Bbasic Csocial Dregular2. Childrenwith…cangetsecondaryeducation. Аphysicaldisabilities Bsupport Creportcard Dtranscript3. Aschoolregularlysendsa…tothestudent’sparentstoinformaboutthestudent’s

results at school. Аscholarship Btuitionfee Creportcard Dtranscript4. Attheendoftheschoolyeareverystudentsgetsa.... Аscholarship Btuitionfee Creportcard Dtranscript5. Iwantto...universitythisyear. Аenter Bgo Cdeliver Dcome

Part 4

Paraphrase the following sentences using the infinitive.1. “Waitformeafterschool”,thegirlsaidtoherfriend.2. Themansaid,“MysonwillstudyMathematics”.3. Ididn’texpectthatheknewUkrainiansowell.4. Heknowsthatmybrotherisverykind.5. Hefell.Isawit.6. He called me. I heard it.7. Theshipsailedawayfromtheshore.Theysawit.8. “ComeandliveinKyivwithme”,mothersaidtome.

Self-Assessment Module 7

Unit

8

JOBS

Lesson 67Personal Profile1. Work in groups of four. Discuss and then

explain the following quotation in your own words.“There are two kinds of people, those who do the

workandthosewhotakethecredit.Trytobeinthefirstgroup;thereislesscompetitionthere.”(Indira Gandi)2. Make some notes about yourself under the

following headings. Write at least two facts in each category.Education: Hobbies:Ambitions/Plans: Skills:

3. a) Write about yourself. Use the information from exercise 2 and the phrases given below. Mynameis...andIlivein....In my family ... .Iattend...school,whereIstudyseveralsubjects:...,The exam results I have achieved are: ... . The

subject(s) that interest(s) me most is (are) ..., because ... .Myhobbiesandinterestsare:....I enjoy it/them because ... .In the future, I hope to ... and to .... IthinkIwouldbegoodat...,because....

b) Present it to the class.

4. Complete the questions. Use the words from the box below.

working,prefer,organized,done,tell,relevant,clear

1.Whatkindsofjobshaveyou...before?2.Doyouhaveother...experience?3.Well,forexample,haveyou...anythingatschool?

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Lesson 674.Doyouhavea...ideaoftheworkyouwouldlike?5.Wouldyoulikeajob...withpeople?6.Wouldyou...tobeinanofficeenvironment?7....me,isthereajobthatyouwouldnotwant?

! RememberTypes of Sentences

Compound sentence (Складносурядне речення)

Independent clauseнезалежнеречення and/but/or/

Independent clause незалежнеречення

Example: Iwillwashthecups,andyoucandrythem.=Iwillwashthecups.Youcandrythem.

Complex sentence (Складнопідрядне речення)

Independent clauseголовнеречення

Subordinate clause(s) підрядне(і)речення

Example: Wewillgototheriveriftheweatherisfine.

5. Label jobs in the pictures below. Describe one of the jobs.

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JobsUNIT 86. Fill in with Present Simple or Present Continuous.

Ann: Hi, Kate! Kate:Hello,Ann.Where(1)areyoucalling(you/call)from?Ann: I (2) _________(be)atworkatthemoment.Myboss(3)________(have)lunch

withhiswifenow.He(4)_________(often/take)hertolunchonFridays.Kate:Well,why(5)_________(you/phone)?Isthereanythingwrong?Ann: No,IjustwantyoutoknowthatI(6)________ (come) home next Saturday. Kate: What time (7) _________(yourtrain/arrive)inOxford?Ann: It (8) ________(leave)Londonat11o’clockand(9)________(arrive)inOxford

at 2 o’clock. Kate: See you on Saturday then.

7. Combine the sentences as in the model. Say what type of sentence it is.Model: Soontheschoolwillbeover,andIhavetodecidewhattodonext.

(compound)1. Soontheschoolwillbeover.Ihavetodecidewhattodonext.(and)2. It isn’t easy to choose a profession. There are so many of them. (as)3. I can go to a library to read special literature on my future job. I can talk to people

whoareoccupiedinthisjob.(besides)4. Icantalktomyteachersandparents.Theycanhelpmetorealizemyownpotential.

(because)5. Idealwithtestingcomputergames.Ifindbugsanderrors.(in order to)6. Iworkasproductmanagerintourism.Ihavetocontactwithserviceproviders.(so)

8. Suppose you are looking for a summer job. Write down your answers to the questions in exercise 4.

9. Read and enjoy the jokes about jobs.1. Thebossaskstheman,“Whatdoyouthinkisyourworstquality?” Themansays,“I’mprobablytoohonest.” Thebosssays,“Thatisnotabadthing.Ithinkbeinghonestisagoodquality.” Themanreplies,“Idon’tcareaboutwhatyouthink!”2. Whenmybossaskedmewhoisthestupidone,meorhim,Itoldhimeveryone

knowshedoesn’thirestupidpeople.3. Ilovemyjob.Lately,colleagueshavebeenwritingnamesonthefoodintheoffice

fridge.I’mcurrentlyeatingayoghurtcalledSusan.Howcute!

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Lesson 68Lesson 68Types of Jobs1. Look at the pictures. Match the pictures to the job titles.

driver journalist builder nurse plumber waiter hair-dresser constructor banker

2. Write down which adjectives given below describe the jobs given in exercise 1. Give your reasons.Adjectivesdifficult,exciting,dangerous,stressful,boring,tiring,rewarding.Reasonstravelalot

152

JobsUNIT 8workoutdoors/indoorsworklonghoursworkwiththeirhandsworkshiftsstart early in the morningModel: Ithinktheplumber’sjobisrewardingbecausetheygetgoodsalaries.

3. Read the short texts. Match the people to their job titles.a) chefb) computer game testerc)firefighterd) product manager1.What Ihave todo is toplanaheadso that in twoor threeyears’ timewehave

anotherdestinationorresorttoofferinthecatalogue.ThismeansthatIhavetovisitandtravelaroundtheregion,contractwithserviceprovidersandsoon.Obviously,Ihavetodealwithalotofmoneymattersandnegotiatetermsandconditions.Atthemomentweare thinking of opening up a resort in Bulgaria.

2.Whatarehobbiesforsomepeopleareprofessionsforothers:acomputergametester may enjoy cooking as a hobby, while a professional chef might enjoy playingcomputergames.Ihavetodealwithtestingvideoandcomputergamesinordertofindbugs and errors.

3.Iworkshifts.MyjobisdangerousanddifficultandIdon’tgetgoodsalary.However,itisarewardingjobasIsavepeople’slives.Ihavetobephysicallyfit,calmandbrave.

4. Work in groups of four. Discuss and then explain the following quotation in your own words.“Abanker:thepersonwholendsyouhisumbrellawhenthesunisshiningandwants

itbacktheminuteitrains.”(Mark Twain)

5. Describe one of the jobs from exercise 3.

6. List six jobs you like in order of your preference.

7. Describe one of the jobs you would like to have.

8. Ask your parents the questions given below. Write down their answers. Present the information to class. 1. What is it like to be a (job title)?2.Whatqualitiesdoyouneedtobecomea(job title)?3.Whatactivitiesdoesyourjobinvolve?4.Howdoyoubecomea(job title)?

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Lesson 69Lesson 69Types of Jobs1. Match each job with its definition.

1. accountant/bookkeeper2. manager3. shopkeeper4. economist5.driver6. solicitor

a)apersonwhocontrolsanorganization orapartofanorganization

b)apersonwhodrivesavehicle:abus/trainc)apersonwhosejobistokeeporexaminethefinancialaccountsofabusiness,etc.

d)alawyerwhogiveslegaladvice,prepareslegaldocuments, arranges buying or selling land, etc.

e)apersonwhoownsormanagesasmallshopf)apersonwhostudiesorisanexpertin

economics

2. Say which job(s) from exercise 1 you would choose and why.

3. Read the short texts. Match the people to their job titles.a) a concierge at the hotelb)ataxidriverc) a receptionist1.Aswellascarryingbagstoguests’rooms,Iruninformationservicesfortheguests,

orgetthemticketsforshows,fortheatre,takemessages...thethingslikethat.Betterstill,ifthereceptionistsareverybusy,Ialsoactasanextrareceptionist.

2.Ihavetoknowthetownlikethebackofmyhands.Thepassengerjustjumpsintothecarandtellsmethedestination.Nomatterhowdifficulttofindthestreetis,Ialwaysgetmypassengertherewithoutanytrouble.

4. Look at the two photos of jobs. Compare and contrast the work and the situations. Use the phrases. Then answer the questions.Comparing and Contrasting• The main/greatest/most important/mostsignificantdifferencebetweenthe…isthat...

•Themoststriking/obvioussimilarityisthat…

•Inthe…whereas/while/butin…

a)Whatjobsareshown?b)Doyouknowpeoplewhodothesekindsofjobs?c)Whichjobwouldyoupreferdoing?Why?

5. Compare and contrast any two jobs you like.

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Lesson 70Types of Jobs1. Choose the correct word (a, b, or c) for each gap.

1.Whydon’tyoutry...tothelocaltouristinformationoffice? a) apply b) applying c) application2. I think you ... see if you can get a job in a shop. a)should b)might c)would3. What about jobs ... you could practise your English? a)where b)how c)which4.Itshouldbepossible...youtoworkinarestaurant. a)if b)with c)for5.Lookforbusinesseswhichneedto...aninterpreter. a)put b)have c)do

2. Study the box of types of jobs.

Types of Jobsmanual jobs officejobsblue-collarjobs(infactories)white-collarjobs(inoffices)unskilled(anyonecandothesejobs,withoutbeingtrained)skilled highly skilled qualified(ifyougetacertificate,diplomaordegree)

3. a) Refer the job titles below to one of the job types.chef, computer game tester, firefighter, product manager, accountant, manager,

shopkeeper,economist,driver,solicitor,concierge,receptionist, interpreter,dressmaker,barber,tailor,bricklayer,carpenter,welder

manual office unskilled skilled highly skilled qualified

b) Add job titles to each of the type.

4. Look at the job titles in exercise 3 again. Say which of your relatives and acquaintances do these jobs. Describe three of the jobs.

5. Write down who does the following jobs better: men or women, or there is no difference. Give your reasons. traindriver,nurse,footballer,politician,architect,webdesigner,coalminer

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Lesson 71Lesson 71Choosing a Job1. Read short texts. Match the people to their job titles.

a)travelconsultant b)flightattendant

1.Ibasicallyhavetobefriendlytopassengers,makesureeveryoneis intherightseat,thenshowthemthesafetyproceduresandservedrinksandsnacks.It’snoteasytocombinethisjobwithasociallifebecauseI’mfrequentlyawayfromhome.ButIenjoythecontactwithpeopleandwe’repartofagoodteam.

2.Ihavetodealwiththepublicandtaketheirbookingsforflights,hotels,tours,carhireandthatsortofthing.It’squitehardworkandthebasicsalaryisn’tbrilliant,butIgeta bonus and commission so I don’t do too badly. I am doing a training course at the moment becauseI’dliketospecializeinincentivetravel.Infact,Ihaveaninterviewnextweek.

2. Work in small groups. Make a list of job titles you know.

3. Compare your list with those of other groups.

4. Choose two jobs and list the activities they involve. Describe these jobs.

5. Work in group of four. Discuss and then explain the following quotation in your own words.“I’dratherbeafailureatsomethingIenjoythantobeasuccessatsomethingIhate.”

(George Burns)

6. Find out and write down what activities your future job involves. Present your information to class. Let your classmates guess what job it is.

1 2

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Lesson 72My Future Job1. Ask your teacher the questions given below. Note down his/her answers.

1.Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingasateacher?2.Whatdoesyourjobinvolve?3. What do you enjoy most about your job?4.Whatdoyoufindmostchallenging?5.Haveyouhadanyinterestingpeopleintheclassesyoutaught?6.Apartfromteachingdoyoudoanyotherwork?7.Doyouhaveanyparticularplansforthefuture?8.Canyougiveanyadviceforsomeoneabouthowtostartasateacher?

2. Tell the class about your teacher’s job. Use the information from exercise 1.

3. Look at the pictures. Write down which activities each job involves.

4. Work in pairs. Talk about your future jobs. Use questions 2, 3, 4, 7 from exercise 1 and activities from exercise 3.

5. Combine two sentences. Say what type each new sentence is.1. People in cities breathe exhaust fumes every day. Many of them suffer from

breathing problems. (consequently)2. People drop litter in the streets. They get diseases. (as consequence)3.Mostfactoriesdonotusefilters.Theairgetsdirty.(as a result)4.Weshouldplantmoretrees.Wewillhavemoreoxygen. (as a result)5.Youwanttobecomeanemployee.Fillinanapplicationform.(if)6.Youwanttogetajob.Youshouldapplyforit.(if)7.Youhaveexperience.Yougetknowledgefromdoingajobforalongtime.(when)

6. Pursuade your classmate that your future job is rewarding and necessary.

artist ticket collector electriciandancer

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Lesson 73Lesson 73Job’s Description1. Classify the job titles you remember according to the following categories.

well-paid highly-paid badly-paid low-paid

2. Match each word and word combination to its definition.

1. apply2. starting salary3.curriculumvitae4. permanent job5.interview6. temporary job7.qualifications8.workingcondition9.experience10.part-timejob

a)ajobwhichwillendonaspecificdayb) training or exams needed for a jobc)workinglessthanthenormalworkingweekd)toaskforajobinwritinge)toaskquestionstofindoutifsomeoneisrightforajobf)ajobwhichyoucanexpecttodoforalongtimeg) the amount of money you are paid when you startworking

h)knowledgeyougetfromdoingajobforalongtimei)situationinwhichyouworkj)ashorthistoryofyoureducationandwhereyouhaveworkedsofar

3. Name which of your relatives or acquaintances:1. get starting salary2.haveapermanentjob3.haveatemporaryjob4.havegoodworkingconditions5.haveworkexperience6.havepart-timejob7.havefull-timejob

4. Say for which jobs an interview, CV and experience are needed. Give your reasons.

5. Write down and then tell your class about your parents’ jobs.Model: My mother works as a product manager in tourism. It’s her full-time

permanent job. Applying for this job my mum had to send her CV,andhavean interview.As theemployerwassatisfiedwithmymum’seducation and experience, she got the job of a product manager. My mother travelsa lotandworksmostlyoutdoors.Veryoftenshestartsearlyinthemorningandworkslonghours.Thejobofaproductmanagerisqualifiedandwell-paid.Mymother lovesher jobandexpects tobesoon promoted.

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Lesson 74Applying for a Job1. Read the text. Give the definitions of the words in bold.

When you apply for a job, you usually fill in an application formorsendyourCV—intheUSAcalledarésumé—witha covering letter. CV(curriculumvitae)isaformallistofyoureducationandworkexperience,oftenusedwhenyouaretryingtogetanewjob.Acoveringletterisalettercontainingextrainformationaboutyourself.

Then you have an interview.Ifitgoeswellandtheemployerissatisfiedwithyourreferences(describingyourcharacterandabilities,oftenfromaformeremployer)youwillget the job.Yousign the contract and become an employee. A job can be well-paid/highly-paid or badly-paid/low-paid. A job can be full-time or part-time, permanent or temporary. If your working conditionsaregoodandyouhavethechanceto be promoted (begivenamoreimportantjob),thenyouwillprobablygetalotofjob satisfaction.

(from Oxford Wordpower Dictionary)2. Complete the sentences.

1.Ajobcanbelow-paid.... 2.Ajobcanbetemporary....3. Put the sentences in the order they were mentioned in the text.

1.Yousignthecontract. 5.Youhaveaninterview.2.Youapplyforajob. 6.Youbecomeanemployee.3.Yougetthejob. 7.Youfillinanapplicationform.4.YousendyourCVwithacoveringletter.

4. Tell the class about the types of jobs and the procedure of getting a job.

5. a) Read the answers given by some students when asked “What is important for you in job?”1.“Iwantajobthat’sreallyexcitingandfun.”2.“Iwanttobemyownboss.”3.“IwanttoearnlotsofmoneysothatIcanbuyahouseandagoodcar.”4.“I’dliketohaveajobwithlongholidays.”5.“Iwanttochangetheworld!”6.“Iwanttohelpotherpeople.”7.“I’dliketobefamous.”8.“I’dliketoworkwithcomputersandnewtechnology.”9.“Idon’twanttositinanofficeallday.Iwanttobeoutsideinthefreshair.”10.“I’dliketodoacreativejob.”11.“Mostofall,Iwant to feel happyinthejobIdo.”

b) Choose three points which are important for you and one that is not.Startlikethis: Threethingswhichareimportantforme:... Onethingwhichisnotimportantforme:...

c) Explain your choice to class.

.

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Lesson 75Lesson 75Curriculum Vitae1. Read the statements about CVs and covering letters. Decide if you agree

with them.1.ACVismoreacceptableifitishand-written.2.Acoveringlettershouldbehand-written.3.ThelongeraCVis,thebetter.4.ACVshouldlistexperienceinchronologicalorder.5.Don’tmentionoutsideactivities,hobbies,etc.6. Don’t mention failures.7.It’sbestnottosendtheCVbye-mail.

2. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.1.Howdoyoufindoutaboutjobvacancies?2.Howdoyouapply?3.Haveyoueverappliedforajob?Whatdidyouhavetodo?

3. Look through Ann’s CV. Curriculum VitaeName: AnnIvanovaAddress: 7/15 Ruska Street, Ternopil, 46023, UkraineTel. №: (3522) 254588Nationality: UkrainianMarital status: SingleEducation: 2010–2015DiplomainTourismManagement: TernopilPedagogicalUniversity,Ukraine 1999–2010Certificate:SecondaryschoolProfessional Winter2010—ResortintheCarpathianMountains,Ukraine. experience: Puttingupandtakingdowntents,cleaning,organizingactivities. Summer2011—ResortintheCrimea,Ukraine. Entertainmentworkwithteenagers.Languages: Ukrainian,nativelanguage;German,upperintermediate; English, intermediateInterests: Travel Ienjoydiscoveringnewplacesandcultures Sport LawntennisReferences: PetroIvanov 5/12NovaStreet,Sevastopol,Ukraine

4. Answer the questions on Ann’s CV.1.WhatjobexperiencedoesAnnhave?2.Howhashercareerprogressed?3. What are her interests?4. Where does she study?

5. Write down your own CV using Ann’s as an example.

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Lesson 76Covering Letter1. Read Ann’s covering letter.

Covering letterDear Sir or Madam,Iamwritingtoapplyforthejobofentertainer.AsyouwillseefrommyCV,althoughIamrelativelyyoung,Ihave

alreadygotbasicexperienceinjobsrelatedtothissector.IwouldliketopointoutthatIdidathree-monthsummerjobintheCrimea,whereIworkedwithteenagersasanentertainer.Becauseofthis,Ithinkthatmy communication skills are good.

MymothertongueisUkrainian,butIhavebeenstudyingEnglishfor fifteen years now, first at secondary school and now atTernopilPedagogicalUniversity,whereIaminmyfinalyear.IamconfidentthatIcancarryoutallmydutiesinEnglish,andIalsospeakgoodGerman.

I am a positive, energetic person with an open nature. I enjoybeingwithclients,andIthinkitisfairtosaythatIamhard-workingandadaptable.

Ienjoysportsactivitiesandtravelling.Iamavailableforinterviewatanytimeafter25February.

Yoursfaithfully, Ann

2. Say which of the following points Ann has included. 1)age; 2)educationandqualifications; 3)emailaddress; 4)interests; 5)languageskills; 6)maritalstatus; 7)personality; 8)workexperience.

3. Compare Ann’s letter with her CV.

4. Imagine that you are an employer. Say whether you would like to have Ann as an employee. Give your reasons.

5. Write down your own covering letter using Ann’s as an example.

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Lesson 77Lesson 77Choosing a Job1. Complete the word map.

A job can be well-paid

2. Complete the sentences using the words and word combinations from the box.

curriculumvitae(CV),sign,job,experience, employee,applicationform,coveringletter

1.Whenyouapplyfora...,youusuallyfillina(n)....2....isaformallistofyoureducationandwork....3. A(n) ... contains extra information about yourself.4.You...thecontactandbecomea(n)....

3. Work in pairs. Ask each other which of the events below you think should/may/must happen to you at some time in your life. Present the information about your classmate to class. 1)learntodrive 7)ownacar 2)travelabroad 8)playasportformycountry 3)fallinlove 9)gointopolitics 4)winalottery 10)liveabroad 5)gotouniversity/college 11)playinafilm 6)runmyownbusiness 12)beonTV

4. Listen to the text. Write down T (true) or F (false). Correct the false statements.1.Ginaalwayswantedtoworkintourism.2.ThequalificationshegotisrecognizedinmanyEuropeancountries.3.Shegotthejobshewantedimmediately.4.Herexperienceoftravellingwasmoreimportantthanthequalification.5.Shespenttwoyearsworkingasatourguidebeforebecomingatourmanager.6. She likes her job.

5. Say what Gina did before she became a tour manager. Note down the training she did and jobs she had. Present it to class.

6. You found a website with a taxi driver job vacancy. Write down your covering letter.

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Lesson 78Interview1. Put the words in brackets in the correct tense form.

1. Yousaytherearetwoextrafordinner?Inthatcase,we(to set) an extra table.2. Weneedtobeat thestationat11.30tomorrow,becausethe train (to leave) at

11.45.3. We (to be going)tostopinafewminutes,sothatyoucantakesomephotos.4. We (to arrive) in Edinburgh at 5.00 p.m.5. LateronI(to give out)questionnairesforyoutofillin.

2. Read the interview.Interviewer: Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingasatourguide?Nadiya: Formorethantenyears.Interviewer: Whatdoesyourjobinvolve?Nadiya: Researching,exploring,reading,designingatour,guiding.Forme,it’s

alwaysimportanttoknowwhoIwillguideforbeforehand—whatcountrytouristsarefrom,theirage,theirreasonforvisitingUkraine.Ithelpsmetoevaluatetheirknowledgeandtoprovideatourinacertainway.

Interviewer: What do you enjoy most about your job?Nadiya: I try to make a sort of performance for my tourists. I hate boring

academictourswith lotsofdates inthem.Peopleusuallyforgetthem.They remember the impression about the city. Some interesting stories. SometimesIevendanceandsing.

Interviewer: Whatdoyoufindmostchallenging?Nadiya: Big groups of people and stressful schedule.Interviewer: Apartfromguiding,doyoudoanyotherwork?Nadiya: Yes,IteachEnglish.Interviewer: Anyadviceforsomeoneabouthowtostartasatourguide?Nadiya: Lovewhatyouaredoing.Beinquisitiveandenthusiastic.

3. Answer the questions.1. What does Nadiya like or dislike about her job?2. What other job does she do?3. Would you like to be a tour guide? Why/Why not?

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Lesson 784. Here are 10 answers given in an interview. Write the questions that fit

these answers and decide what the person who was interviewed is like.1. Yes,Idid.2. Thisisquitetrue.3. No.Gardening.4. Icandoeither,butIptreferthefirst.5. Acan’tanswerthisquestion.6. Lionsandtigers.7. NewZealand,MaltaorAfrica.8. Asoftenaspossible,but I’mnotverygoodat ityet. Ineed tofindsomeone to

practisewith.9. Never.10.Thatwasthenicestthingthateverhappenedtome.

5. Work in pairs. Make up and role-play an interview for the job you would like to get. Use the questions of the interviewer from exercise 2.

6. Work in pairs. Ask your classmate what would happen if:1)someoneboughtyouacar;2)someonegaveyousomeflowers;3)youwereangry;4)youwereverypleased;5)youwereverytired;6)youlearnedtofly;7)youcouldmeetafamousperson;8)youwereateacher;9)youfoundasilverbraceletinthestreet;10) you found a diary that a friend had left at your house.

7. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.1. IfIcouldtakeafamouspersonoutfortheevening,I…(to invite) ... . We’d go to ... .2. IfIcoulddirectmyidealfilm,Iwould…(cast)inthestarringroles.Thefilmwould

beabout….3. IfIwasgivenunlimitedmoneytobuyanyobject,I…(to buy) ... .4. IfIcouldspendaweekanywhereintheworld,I…(to go)...,because….5.IfIcouldhaveaspecialtalent,I…(to like)tobeableto….

8. Find out and make notes.1. What job opportunities are there in your area?2. Whatqualificationsandexperiencedothecompaniesrequire?3. What training do they give? (for example: on giving presentations, health and

safety,dealingwithproblems)

9. Ask the person who works in the field you’d like to work questions from exercise 2. Present your information to class.

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Lesson 79Interview1. Play a game in two teams. Take turns to give three words for each category.

The team gets one point for each word. The team with the highest score are the winners.1) three touristattractionsinthetownyou’rein;2) three typesofmusic;3)threemeansofcommunication;4)threethingsthatarelistenedto;5)threethingswhichhavetobepluggedin;6)threethingsyouuseinthekitchen;7)threeadjectivestodescribehowyouarefeelingwhenyouarefeelinggood;8)threeexcusesformissingalesson;9)threetypesoffilms;10)threewaystogetrich;11)threethingstoreduceairandwaterpollution;12) three things tomaketheworldbetter.

2. Read the interview with Ann.Interviewer: Ann,whatattractedyoutothejobofentertainmentworker?Ann: Well,Iwantedtopractisemyforeignlanguages.AndIwantedtoearna

bit of money. Interviewer: Andwhatwasitlike?Ann: Itwasafantasticexperience.Interviewer: Howdidyoufindthejob?Ann: IputmyCVonawebpageforjobsintourism,andanagencyinHolland

emailedmewiththejobinEgypt.Interviewer: Therewasaninitialselectionprocess.Whatwasthatlike?Ann: Well,wehadapersonalinterviewinRotterdamandaseriesoftests—

howyoudowithmicrophone,whatsortofinitiativeyouhad,whatsortofpersonyouwere...Andthen,aftertheinterview,theyaskedmetogotothe training sessions.

3. Answer the questions.1.WhatattractedAnntothejobofentertainmentworker?2.Howdidshefindthejob?3.Howdidshegetthejobofentertainmentworker?

4. Work in pairs. Make up and role-play a similar interview. Use the questions of the interviewer from exercise 2.

5. Combine two sentences. Say what type each new sentence is.1.Youhavethechancetobepromoted.Youwillgetajobsatisfaction.(if)2.Yousignthecontract.Youbecomeanemployee.(and)3.CVisoftenused.Youaretryingtogetanewjob.(when)

6. Write down your CV and covering letter for the job of your preference.

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Lesson 79SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 8

Level 11. Match each English word and word combination with its Ukrainian

equivalent. 1)try a)завчасно 2)inquisitiveandenthusiastic b)включати 3)involve c)проектувати 4)design d)оцінитизнання 5)explore e)намагатися 6)evaluatetheknowledge f)допитливийтасповненийентузіазму 7)beforehand g)причина 8)reason h)досліджувати

2. Write down what type each sentence is: compound or complex.1. People drop litter in the streets, as a result they get diseases.2.Experienceisknowledgeyougetfromdoingajobforalongtime.3.Ifyourworkingconditionsaregood,thenyouwillgetalotofjobsatisfaction.4.Ihavetodealwiththepublicandtaketheirbookingsforflightsandhotels.

3. Write down your CV.Level 2

1. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

impression,attracted,inquisitive,challenging,evaluate,advice,enthusiastic

1.Ithelpsmeto...theirknowledge.2. People remember the ... about the job.3.Doyouhaveany...abouthowtostartasasolicitor?4. Be ... and ... .5.Whatdoyoufindmost...inyourjob?6.What...youtothejobofentertainmentworker?

2. Write down two sentences using Conditional I, and two sentences using Conditional II.

3. Write down the Covering letter for your future job.

Level 31. Write English equivalents to Ukrainian words and word combinations.

1)подаватизаяву(дляприйняттянароботу) 5)оголошення/реклама2)приваблювати 6)супровіднийлист3)життєпис/автобіографія 7)кваліфікація4)написанийрукою 8)інтерв’ю

2. Make up and write down three sentences using Conditional I, and three sentences using Conditional II.

3. Write down your CV and Covering Letter for your future job.

Self-Assessment Module 8

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ADDITIONAL READING

TASK 1 Read the text below. Choose from (A–G) the one which best fits each

space (1–7).

THE CASE OF THE RED SATIN PURSE

Chapter TwoHappy Birthday!

MilaledustoatidyrowofstoresonWaverlyAvenue.WestoppedabouttenfeetfromHuck’sHardware.Joeypointedtothegroundbesidearowofbushes.“Wefounditrighthere,”hesaid.

Ikneltdownwithmymagnifyingglass.Thedirtwaswetfromlastnight’srain.WhenIstoodup,soweremypants.

Yeesh.“Itrainedhardlastnight,”Milanoted.“Butthesatinpursewasdry.Nowaterstains.

Theownermusthavedroppedthepursethismorning.”“Makessensetome,”Iagreed.(1)_______________Ralphiereadovermyshoulder.Hemurmured,“Thecornerstoresells tape,cards,

candles,andwrappingpaper.”“Butwhataboutthecake?”Iwonderedaloud.“That’stheimportantitemonthislist.

Lookat thewriting.Allcapital letters.Threeexclamationpoints.Then lookat theotheritemsonthelist.Candles,cards,wrappingpaper.I’dbetmybestbaseballcapit’ssome-body’sbirthday.”

“Wherecanyougetacakearoundhere?”Milaasked.Joey and Ralphie grinned happily. They exclaimed, (2) _______________ Ching, ching.Bells jangledwhenweopened thedoor.Twoyounggirlsgreetedus

atthecounter.Grandmaherselfwasnowheretobeseen.Napping,Iguessed.Iaskedifanyone had picked up a birthday cake this morning.

“Whyshouldwetellyou?”thetallerofthetwoasked.(3) ___________ Iexplained.“I’mworkingonacase.”Ihandedhermybusinesscard.

NeedaMysterySolved?CallJigsawJones

OrMilaYeh,PrivateEyes!

ForaDollaraDay,WeMakeProblemsGoAway!

555-4323

That got her attention. The tall girl pulled out a book to look through the day’s receipts. (4) _______________ shetoldus.“Amancameinandboughttwochocolatecreampies.Thenanolderwomanpickedupastrawberryshortcake.”

“Mmmm,”Joeymoaned.“Ilovestrawberries.”

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Additional Reading 79“Andtheothercake?”Iprodded.“Let’ssee,”thegirlmused.“Yes,hereitis.Mrs.Finsterboughtabirthdaycakeforher

littlegirl,Amanda.Ididtheletteringmyself:Happy Birthday, Amanda!”Milapokedmeintheribs.“Ibetthat’stheone,”shewhispered.(5) _______________Icopieddownthephonenumberfromthereceipt.ThenIdroppedaquarterintothe

pay phone and pushed buttons.Ten minutes later, a woman rushed into the

store. She had a toddler at her feet, and a screaming infant in her arms. Carrying around a police siren mighthavebeenquieter.Anddrier.Soggydiapers—yeesh. The poor woman looked about as calm as(6) _______________.Shewasjustthetypetodropa purse and not notice.

“AreyouJigsaw?”sheasked.I didn’t deny it.“Oh,thankyouforcalling!”sheexclaimed.“Whatanhonestyoungman!”“Don’tthankme,”Isaid.“Itwasthesetwo.MeetJoeyPignattanoandRalphieJordan.

They’retheheroeswhofoundyourcoinpurse.”Mrs.Finstersmiledatthem.“HowcanIpossiblythankyou?”Joeyofferedasuggestion.AndlikemostofJoey’sideas,itinvolvedeating.Twominuteslater,Mrs.Finsterdroveoffinhernoisyminivan.Imadesurethatthe

coinpursewassafelytuckedintoherpocketbook.Joey, Ralphie, Mila, and I sat outside under an old elm tree. “Awesome!” Joey

exclaimed. (7) _______________Eachofusbitintoourveryownblack-and-whitecookie.Itwasourreward.ThankstoMrs.Finster.Weallchewedhappily.Insilence.Justenjoyingeverybite.Becausewhenitcomesto

detectivework,that’sthewaytheblack-and-whitecookiecrumbles.(James Preller)

A aSiamesecatatadogshowB “I’madetective,”C “Letmelookatthatlistagain.”D “Whosaysthathonestydoesn’tpay!”E “Wesoldfourcakesthismorning,”F “GRANDMA’SBAKERY!”G Ididn’tneedsoreribstotellmethat.

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Additional Reading

TASK 2

Read the text below. Match choices (a–d) to (1–12).

WHAT IS THE EARTH?The Earth is a huge ball of rock spinning in space. It is not

aperfectballasitisflattenedatthetopandbottom.Theequatoris an imaginary line around thewidest part of the Earth. Thetop half of the Earth is called the northern hemisphere and the bottom half is called the southern hemisphere.

Earth FactsTheEarthmeasuresabout25,000milesaroundtheequator.Itwouldtakeamonthto

drivearounditat34milesperhour.TheEarthweighsabout6,000million,millionmilliontons.Thehighesttemperatureeverrecordedwas136°FintheSaharaDesert.Thisishot

enough to fry an egg on the sand. Thelowesttemperatureeverrecordedwasminus127°FinAntarctica.Nearlythree-quartersoftheEarth’ssurfaceiscoveredbysea.Thefouroceansareall

joinedtogether.YoucouldsailrightroundtheEarthwithoutseeingland.OnlyaboutaquarteroftheEarth’ssurfaceisland.Therearesevenbigpiecesofland,

called continents. Most of the land is in the northern hemisphere.AboutatenthoftheEarth’ssurfaceisalwayscoveredwithice.Thefurtheryoutravel

fromtheequator,thecolderitis.ThePolesarethecoldestplacesonEarth.Onefifthofthelandisdesert.DesertsarethehottestanddriestplacesonEarth.They

havelessthan10inchesofrainayear.Neartheequatoritishotayearroundanditrainsnearlyeveryday.Thelandaround

theequatoriscalledtheTropics.Thick,greenforestscalledrainforestsgrowintheTropics.Tropicalrainforestscontain

overhalfofallthetypesofplantsandanimalsintheworld.Manymountainsaretoohighandcoldforplantsandanimalstosurvivethere.Mount

Everest,thehighestmountainonEarth,is29,028feethigh.Air and the Atmosphere

The Earth is surrounded by a layer of air about 310 miles thick, called the atmosphere. It stops dangerous rays from the Sun from burning up life on Earth.

Wecannotseeairbutwefeelitaswind.Itismadeupofmanygases,suchasoxygen,whichwebreathe,andcarbondioxide,whichisusedbyplants.

The higher you go into the atmosphere, the less air there is and the harder it is to breathe. That is why people carry oxygentankswhentheyclimbmountains.

Allourweatherhappens in the6milesof the atmosphere closest to the Earth. Planes usually fly higher than theweather,8–14milesabovetheEarth.

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Additional Reading 79Climate

Why are there hot and cold places?Weatherishowmuchrainorsunshineaplacehaseveryday.Whenpeopletalkabout

climate,theymeantheusualtypeofweatheraplacehas.HowhotorcoldaplaceisdependsonhowfaritisfromtheEquator,whereitisalways

hot,butotherthingscanalsoaffecttheclimate.Landfarfromseaisoftendry,asseawindsdonotcarrytheirmoisturethatfar.Inthe

middleofacontinentthesummersarehotandthewinterscold.Landneartheseahascoolersummersandwarmerwintersthaninland.Theclimate

canbeaffectedbywarmorcoldoceancurrentsflowingnearthecoast.It usually rains a lot near mountains and the higher you go, the colder it becomes.

HighmountainsontheEquatorhavesnowypeaksalltheyearround.Steamy rainforestsRainforests(orjungles)growintheTropicsneartheEquator,whereitisveryhotand

rainsheavilyeveryday.Plantsandtreesgrowfastandveryclosetogetherthere.Plantscangrowtothesize

oftreesandthetreesareamongstthetallestintheworld.Theforeststeemwithallsortsofplantsandcreaturesthatdonotliveanywhereelse

intheworld.Manyofthemareindangerofdyingout.Fewpeopleliveinrainforestsasitistoohotandstickythere.Tribeshavetoliveon

plantstheyfind,andhuntwhicheveranimalstheycan.Life in the desertsMost deserts are in the Tropics. They are the hottest and driest places on Earth and

veryfewthingscansurvivethere.Therearetwotypesofdesert–rockydesertsandsandydeserts.Sandydesertsare

notalwaysflatasthewindblowsthesandintohillscalleddunes.It rains very rarely andwhen it does there are usually violent thunderstorms and

floods.OnedesertinPeruhadnorainfor400years.Anoasisisawaterholewherepeopletaketheiranimalstodrink.Farmersgrowcrops

anddatetreesthere.Oasesoftenbecometowns.Camels can survive for panswithoutwater then live on foopor fat stored in their

humps.The PolesTheNorthandSouthPolesarethecoldestplacesonEarth.Thereisfrozenlandatthe

SouthPole,butattheNorthPolethereisjustahugeslaboficefloatingintheArcticOcean.Icebergsoftenbreakawayfromthesheetsoficeandfloatawayuntiltheymelt.More

thanthree-quartersofanicebergarehiddenbelowthewater.

EskimosliveneartheNorthPole.TheonlylandanimalsattheSouthPolearevisitingscientists,butpenguins,whalesandsealsliveintheseas.

IftheiceatthePolesmelted,theseaswouldrise by over 109 feet. This would be enough tocompletelysubmergeNewYork,LondonandParis.

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Additional Reading

The SeasWarm and cold waterTheseascover three-quartersof theEarth’s surface.Therearewarmseasnear the

EquatorandfrozenseasintheArctic.Oceancurrentscanhelptomakeseaswarmerorcolder.Currentsareriversofwaterthatflowinthesea.Theydriftfromhottocoolregions

aroundtheworldinhugecircles.Currentsarealsocausedbythewindsandthespinofthe Earth.

Why is the sea salty?Riversandrainwaterwashsaltymineralsfromthelandtothesea.Somesaltsare

used by animals to build their shells.Thesaltiestseasaresmall,inlandseas.TheDeadSeainIsraelissosaltythatfish

cannotliveinit.IfalltheseasdrieduptherewouldbeenoughsaltlefttobuildawallroundtheEquator

169mileshighand1milethick.What are waves?Wavesareripplesmadebythewind.Thewaterseemstomoveforwardbutreally

movesupanddownlikethesailors’rope.Wavescantravelhundredsofmiles.Theyonlygrowtallandtoppleoverwhenthey

come up against land.Tsunamisaregiantwaves,up to33 feethigh, causedbyearthquakesor volcanic

explosionsunderwater.TidesOnmostseashorestheheightofthewaterrisesandfallstwiceaday.Thesechanges

arecalledhighandlowtidesandtheyarecausedbythepullofthemoonandSun.ThemooncirclestheEarthandhasapullingeffectontheseas.Theyrisehigheronthe

sidewherethemoonis,bringinghightides.TheothersideoftheEarthwillhavelowtides.Underwater landsIfallthewaterwasdrainedfromthesea,thesea-bedwouldlooklikethelandwith

plains,valleysandmountains.Lighthouseswarnsailorsofunderwaterrocksthatcouldwrecktheirboats.Coral reefs are wallsmade from the hard cases of small jelly-like animals called

corals.Theyarefoundinshallowtropicalwaters.Anislandisreallythetipofanunderwatermountainstickingupoutofthesea.ThehighestmountainintheworldistheunderwatermountainMaunaKeainHawaii.

It is 6 miles high.Thedepthsoftheoceanshavehardlybeenexploredatall.Theyarepitchdark,asno

sunlight reaches them.

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Additional Reading 79AtChallengerDeepinthePacificOceanyouwouldhavetowaitoveranhourforyour

linetosink6.5milestotheoceanfloor.Better late than neverAmessageinabottlewasthrownoverboardoffAustraliaandfound72yearslateron

a nearby island.AfterhisshipBenlomondsank,PoonLim,aChineseseaman,survivedonaraftfor

133daysbeforehewasrescued.In1982aTudorfightingship,theMary Rose,wassalvagedfrom40feetofmud,400

years after sinking.(from Children’s Encyclopedia by Jane Elliot and Colin King)

1.Bywhataretsunamiscaused? a)bywind c)bystrongcurrents b)bywavestravel d)byearthquakesorvolcanicexplosionsunderwater2.Wherearefrozenseas? a)neartheEquator c)intheArctic b)nearthePacificOcean d)neartheAtlanticOcean3.BywhatisaboutatenthoftheEarth’ssurfacealwayscovered? a)bysea b)withice c)byforests d)byoceans4.Inwhatcountryonedesertdidn’thaverainfor400years? a) Africa b) Egypt c) Peru d) India5.Wherecanwefindthehighestunderwatermountainintheworld? a)inTibet b)inHavaii c)inNepal d)inIndia6.HowlongwouldittaketodrivearoundtheEarth? a)ayear b)aweek c)amonth d)somedays7.Bywhatarecurrentscaused? a)bythewindsandthespinoftheEarth c)bycoldseas b)bywarmseas d)bysaltseas8. What are/is the driest place(s) on the Earth? a)hemispheresb)rocks c)deserts d)theequator9.HowarethecoldestplacesontheEarthcalled? a) oases c) icebergs b) The South and North Poles d) northern hemisphere10.Whatdowecallwhentheheightofthewaterrisesandfallstwiceaday? a)tides b)currents c)waves d)floods11.BywhatisnearlythreequartersoftheEarth’ssurfacecovered? a)bysea b)withice c)byforests d)byoceans12.HowisthetophalfoftheEarthcalled? a) the northern hemisphere c) the eastern hemisphere b)thesouthernhemisphere d)thewesternhemisphere

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Additional Reading

TASK 3

Food and Сooking

Read the text below. Choose from (A–F) the one which best fits each space (1–6).Everythingyoueatanddrinkaffectsyourbodyinsome

way. Food is vital as it gives you energy to keep going.Withoutfoodyouwouldnotbeabletogrow,moveabout,keepwarmorgetbetterwhenyouareill.Youneedlotsofdifferentsortsoffoodtostayhealthy.

Peoplecansurviveforseveralweekswithoutfoodbutdie(1)_______________.(2) _______________,suchasmeat,fishandmilkbuildyourbody.Vegetables, fruit andmilk provide the important vitamins andminerals your body

needs.Starchy foods such as bread and cereals (3) _______________.Yourbodycanstorefatsfrombutterandoilsandusethemlaterforenergy.Feast or famine?(4) _______________ donothaveenough food.Manypeoplestarve ifdroughtor

floodsdestroytheircrops.Thereisenoughfoodintheworldforeverybody,butthegreatproblemissendingit

towhereitismostneeded.Eating too much, and eating too many fatty and sugary foods can make people

overweight,unhealthyandevenill.Fast foodsFastfoodsarequickandcheaptocook.Somecontainalotoffatandsugarandare

bad for you if you eat too much of them.Why do people cook?Cooked food is easier for your stomach to digest than raw food. Cooking

(5) _______________ that may make people ill, and makes food keep longer.Everyday Food

Themainfoodofacountryiscalledits“staple”food.Riceisthestaplefoodofhalftheworld.Itonlygrowsinwarmclimates.

The biggest meal in the worldRoastcamelstuffedwithsheep,chickens,fishandeggs is the largestmeal in the

world.ItisservedatBedouinweddingsinAfrica.Meals around the worldIndianfamilyroastsmeat,suchaslamborchicken,inaclayovencalledatandoor.

Thename“andoori”isgiventomeatdishescookedthisway.MostIndiansdonoteatbeef.Theyservetheirmeatwithvegetables,pickles,andbreadcalledchapattis,andeatit

withtheirfingers.Spicesareusedtoflavourthefoodandmakeittasty.Chinesefamiliescooktheirfoodoverafireinshallowmetalpans,calledwoks.They

eatricewithvegetablesandalittlemeat.The food iseatenoutofsmallbowlsusingwoodensticks,calledchopsticks.They

drinkmilklessteawiththeirmeals.

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Additional Reading 79Italianfamilybeginsamealwithaplateofpastaservedwithasauce.(6)___________

eatalotofpasta,whichtheymakeindifferentshapeswithwheatflourandwater.Next, theyhavemeatandvegetables,which theyeatwithknivesand forks.They

drinkwinewiththeirmeal.Thechildrendrinkalittlewinemixedwithwater.

A kills the germs D ItaliansB protein foods EinafewdayswithoutwaterCgiveyouenergy Fnearlyhalfthepeopleintheworld

TASK 4Art

Read the text below. Choose from (A–F) the one which best fits each space (1–6).People often disagree about art. One person may say a painting or a sculpture is

beautiful,butanotherpersonmaythinkitisveryugly.Aworkofartcanbemadeinmanydifferentways.Eachoftheseartistsisworkingon

adifferenttypeofart,usingdifferentmaterials.In the mind’s eyeArtistsmayworkfromreallifeand(1)_______________.Someartistsmayuseonlywhattheyseeintheirmind.Many artists mix real life and their imagination to create a

workofart.Art changes with the timesDifferent styles of art go in and out of fashion

(2) _______________. Until about 500 years ago most of the picturespaintedbyEuropeanartistswereofreligiousscenes.

Some art, such as Chinese painting, is traditional. This means that (3) _______________ forhundredsofyearswithoutchangingtheirstyle.

Peoplemaybesousedtocertainstylesofartthattheyareshockedoramusedwhenanartisttriessomethingnew.

Newtypesofartareoftentheresultof(4)_______________.Whenthecamerawasinventedpeopletookupphotographyasanartform.

Fame, fortune and forgerySomeartistsworkedalltheir livesbutnooneboughttheirpaintingsandtheywere

verypoor.Theybecamefamousaftertheyhaddied.In the past, wealthy people, called patrons, paid an artist to work because they

believedtheartisthadtalent.Worksofartbyfamouspeopleandancientworksofartareoften(5)_______________.

Theysellatauctionsforveryhighprices.Cleverforgerscanimitatefamousartists’worksowellthatpeoplearefooled.They

pay a lot of money for something that is (6) _______________. (Jane Elliot, Colin King)

Aartistshaveallworkedinthesameway DnewinventionsB a fake EveryvaluableC as people’s tastes change Fcopywhattheysee

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TASK 5

THE POP ART MOVEMENT1. Read the text below. Choose the correct answer (A–D) to complete the

sentences (1–5).Thepopartmovementwasaculturalrevolution—awayforAmericanandBritish

artiststorejectthesnobberyofmainartmovementsofthetime,likeabstractimpressionism.Popartistsfocusedonsubjectsofeverydaylife,advertising,thenewscycle,andcomicbooks.Theresultwasartthatwasironicandwitty.

PoparthistorymayseemlikeitstartedinAmerica,butthemovementactuallygotitsstartintheUnitedKingdominthemid-1950s.Bytheearly1960s,Americanartistsbegantheirowntakeonpopart.

The most famous and influential artist of the pop art movement was AndyWarhol (6August 1928 – 22 February 1987).Hewas famous for exploring popularcultureinhiswork,usingbrandslikeCoca Cola and Campbell’s Soup(whichwasoneofhisfavouritethingstoeat).HelovedLosAngeles,beautyandplastic,thingsthatweremodernandchangedquickly.

Someof his best knownworks include the silkscreenpaintingsCampbell’s Soup Cans(1962)andMarilyn Diptych(1962).

Campbell’s Soup Cans by Andy Warhol

Marilyn Diptych by Andy Warhol

ThePittsburghnativewasasicklychild.Hewasverymuchinterestedincelebritiesandspenttimeinbeddrawinganddevelopinghispersonality.Hemadeplanstobecomeanartteacherbutstudiedcommercialartincollege.ThenhewenttoNewYorkCitytowork inadvertising.By the timehedied,hewasaworld-famousartistwithdozensoffamousfriends,anauthor,andamagazinefounderamongotherthings.Heeveninspiredthephrase“15minutesoffame.”

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Additional Reading 79Andy Warhol said: “What’s great about this country is that America started the

traditionwheretherichestconsumersbuythesamethingsasthepoorest.YoucanbewatchingTVandseeCoca-Cola,andyouknowthatthePresidentdrinksCoca-Cola,andjustthink,youcandrinkCoca-Cola,too.ACokeisaCokeandnomoneycangetyouabetterCokethantheonetheguyonthecornerisdrinking.”

The most famous piece of pop art is Warhol’s Marilyn Diptych.Finishedin1962,justafter Marilyn Monroe’s death, it has 50 pictures of the actress, half in color and half in blackandwhite.Manycriticsbelieveitsymbolizesherlifeanddeath.A2004surveyofartists and critics called it the third most important piece of modern art.

Popart isno lesspopular todaythanitwassixtyyearsago.TheMarilyn Diptych hangsintheTateModernmuseumtoday,butseveralotherfamouspieceshavebeenup for auction in recent years. Warhol’s Eight Elvises painting sold for $100million.InNovember2013,hisSilver Car Crash (Double Disaster) sold at Sotheby’s Contemporary ArtAuctionfor$105.4million.

Eight Elvises by Andy Warhol

Popartisfullofbrightcolors,butthethreethatshowupthemostarered,blue,andyellow.

1. Popartists…. A hated impressionism Clikedtoshowofftheirtalent Bfocusedoneverydaylife Dorganizedarevolution2. Popart…. AmovedtotheUK C started in the UK BstartedinLosAngeles D started in the US3. AndyWarholwasbornin…. ANewYork C Pittsburgh BLosAngeles DLondon4. …wascalledthethirdmostimportantpieceofmodernart. A Campbell’s Soup Cans C Eight Elvises B Marilyn Diptych D Silver Car Crash 5. WhatinWarhol’sopinionwasgreataboutAmerica? A The fact that poor people can buy the same products as rich. BThefactthatthePresidentdrinksCoca-Cola. C The fact that celebrities are interesting. D The fact that there are a lot of consumers.

2. Discuss in class what would inspire Andy Warhol if were alive now.

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TASK 6

WESTMINSTER SCHOOL

1. Read the text below. Choose the correct answer (A–D) to complete the sentences (1–5).Westminster School,formallySaintPeter’sCollege,isaworldfamouspublicschool

nearWestminsterAbbey,London.Itwasfoundedasacharityschool(1179)bymonks.ThePublicSchoolsActof1868madetheschoolautonomous.Girlswerefirstadmittedin1972.

SomeofitsfamousstudentswerethearchitectChristopherWren,thehistorianEdwardGibbon, the dramatist Ben Jonson, the philosopher John Locke, seven former BritishPrime Ministers and others.

TheWestminsterUnderSchool(forboys)wasestablishedin1943.Theschooladmitsgirls into theSixthForm,believing that this takesthebestofaBritishBoardingSchooleducationbutwithabetterintegrationoffamilylifeandwidersociety.

Westminsterisselective,withhighlycompetitiveentranceexaminations.WestminsterSchoolleaversarealsoamongthebeststudentsatOxfordandCambridgeuniversities.45%ofWestminsterschoolpupilsonaveragewinaplaceeachyear.

WestminsterSchoolistheonlyboardingschoolincentralLondon,enjoyingalocationwithinwalkingdistanceofWestminsterAbbey.Around20pupilscometotheSchoolfromoverseasintheSixthForm.TheschooldoesnotadmitinternationalstudentswhoarenotproficientinEnglish.

Entrancetotheschooliscomplex.Ideallyparentsareadvisedtoeducatetheirchildrenfromtheageof7atWestminsterUnderSchool.Thisprovides50ofthetotal120placesatWestminsteratage13.Parentsarealsoadvisedtoregistertheirchildrenbytheageof11andmovefromstateschoolstoprivateprepschools.ThenchildrenwillhavetopassCommon Entrance or Westminster’s scholarship exams at 13. The Common Entrance passmarkishighat70%(Harrow,forexample,setstheminimumat60%).

Westminster iswidely recognizeedasoneof thebestschools for intellectual, freethinking students, born in rich families.

1. …studyinWestminsterSchool. A only boys C only boys from the UK B both boys and girls D both boys and girls only from the UK

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Additional Reading 792. 45%ofWestminsterschoolpupils…. Agotoworldbestuniversities CwinaplaceatOxbridge B try to enter Oxbridge D become famous3. Internationalstudents…. A are not admitted C are the majority B join the sixth form DshouldknowbasicsofEnglish4. WestminsterUnderSchooladmitchildrenattheageof…. Aeleven B thirteen Cseven Dseventeen5. Parentsareadvisedto…. Aregistertheirchildrenwhentheyareover11 B educate their children at state schools Cmovefromprivateprepschools D educate their children at Westminster Under School

TASK 7

BULLYING IS A BIG PROBLEM

1. Read the text below. Choose the correct answer (A–D) to complete the sentences (1–4).Everydaythousandsofteenswakeupafraid

togo toschool.Bullying isaproblemthataffectsmillionsofstudents.Yetbecauseparents,teachers,andotheradultsdon’talwaysseeit,theymaynotunderstandhowextremebullyingcanget.

Bullying is when a person is hurt again andagainbyan individualorgroupwithmorepower,either in terms of physical strength or social standing.

Twoofthemainreasonspeoplearebulliedarebecauseofappearanceandsocialstatus.Bullieshurtpeopletheythinkdon’tfitin,maybebecauseofhowtheylook,howtheyact(forexample,kidswhoareshy),theirraceorreligion.

Somebulliesattackphysically,othersusepsychologicalcontrol.Forexample,peoplein popular groups often bully other people by isolating them or gossiping about them (psychological bullying).

Bullyingcanalsoincludecyberbullying—sendingcrueltexts,messages,orpostinginsultsaboutapersononFacebookorothersocialsites.

Bothguysandgirlscanbebullies.Bulliesmaybeoutgoingandaggressive.Orabullycanappearreserved,butmaytry tomanipulatepeoplebystartingagossip just toseewhathappens.

Allbulliesliketodominateothersandarefocusedonthemselves.Theyoftenhavepoor social skills. Although most bullies think they’re cool, many of them are insecure. And somebulliesactthewaytheydobecausethey’vebeenhurtbybulliesinthepast.

What Can You Do?Foryoungerkids,thebestwaytosolveabullyingproblemistotellanadult.Forteens,

though,thetell-an-adultapproachdependsonthebullyingsituation.

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Additional Reading

Onesituation inwhich it isnecessary to reportbullying is if it threatens to lead tophysical danger and harm.

Trynottobealone,andifyouhaveafriendinthissituation,spendasmuchtimetogetherasyoucan.Trytobeapartofagroupbywalkinghomeatthesametimeasotherpeople.

Bullying Survival Tips• Ignore the bully and walk away. If youwalkawayor ignorehurtfulemailsor

messages, you’re telling the bully that you just don’t care. Sooner or later the bully willgetboredwithtryingtobotheryou.

• Don’t show the anger.Bullieswanttoknowtheyhavecontroloveryouremotions.Ifyou’reinasituationwhereyoucan’twalkaway,usehumor.

• Don’t use physical force. • Think about ways to feel your best—andyourstrongest.Exerciseisonewaytofeelstrongandpowerful.

• Talk about it.Itmayhelptotalktoateacher,orfriend—anyonewhocangiveyou the support.

1. Peoplearebulliedmainlybecauseof…. A clothes C appearance and social status B social status D race, character2. Psychologicalbullyingis…. A physical attack C gossiping and isolating Btakingthingsfromthevictim D breaking friendship3. Bulliesare…. A shy Ctalkative Bself-centred D cool4. Forteenstellinganadultaboutabullyingproblem…. Aisalwaysnecessary C is necessary in case of gossiping B depends on the situation D is necessary in case of isolation

2. What bullying survival tips are suggested? Discuss whether they are useful.

TASK 8

SPANISH CUISINE

Read the text below. Decide if the statements (1–7) are true or false. Correct the false ones.TraditionalSpanishcuisineisdown-to-earthfood

that uses local ingredients. Mountains run through Spain, acting as natural barriers to communication andmakingtransportationdifficultuntilthelasthalfofthe20thcentury.Thisis justoneofthereasonswhycookingdifferssomuchfromregiontoregion.Anotheris the fact that Spain was created by uniting manysmallkingdoms,eachwiththeirowntraditions.

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Additional Reading 79Many dishes are prepared today using the same cooking methods and ingredients as

theyweretwoorthreehundredyearsago.ThetwobasicingredientsofallSpanishfoodareoliveoilandgarlic.Spain isa leadingproducerofoliveoil,andolivesaregrownallover thesouthof

Spain.ManytypicalSpanishdishesarefriedinoliveoil.HamorastheSpanishsay,jamónisaveryprizedfood.Spaniardstaketheirhamvery

seriouslyandwillpayahighpricefortop-qualityham.BecauseSpain issurroundedon threesidesbywater, there isalwaysmuch fresh

seafoodinthemarkets.TheSpanisheatfishorshellfishdaily.Eggs are eaten daily either fried or in a Spanish omelet, called a tortilla espanola in

Spain. They are an essential part of many recipes, including desserts and salads.Chicken is very popular. It is prepared in everyway, butmost commonly is fried,

althoughroastedchickenissold“togo”inmanysmallstores.Spanish people eat lots of fresh fruit as snacks or as the last course of their meals.

Afreshfruitbowlsitsineverykitchen.Simplesaladsareeateneveryday.Populardishesoftenincludesweetpeppers,tomatoes,andlettuce.

TheSpanishstew,roast,frymanyfoods.Itisnotascommontobake,althoughtheydo grill meats on a metal plate.

AstheSpanishsaytowisheveryoneagoodmeal,“Buenprovecho!”

1. Traditional Spanish cuisine uses a lot of local ingredients2. Eachregionhasitsowncookingtraditions.3. Many dishes cooked in Spain are cooked the same as hundreds of years ago.4. Oliveoilisrarelyusedtofrydishes.5. A Spanish omelet is called a tortilla espanola in Italy.6. ThoughSpainissurroundedonthreesidesbywater,theSpanishusuallydon’tlike

shellfish.7. ThoughchickenisnotverypopularinSpain,themostcommonwaytoprepareit

is to fry it.

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TAPESCRIPTSUNIT 1

Lesson 8, exercise 4, p. 21HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

Therearesixsimplewaysforyourfamilytoleadahealthylifestyle.1. Get active each day.Regular physicalactivityisimportantforthehealthygrowth,developmentandwell-being

ofchildrenandyoungpeople.Theyshouldgetatleast60minutesofphysicalactivityeverydayandincludeactivitiesthatstrengthenmusclesandbonesonatleast3daysoftheweek.

2. Choose water as a drink.Eatawholefruit,ratherthandrinkfruitjuicesthathavealotofsugar.3. Eat more fruit and vegetables.Eatingfruitandvegetableseverydayhelpsreducetheriskofmanychronicdiseases.

Trytoeattwoservesoffruitandfiveservesofvegetableseveryday.Havefreshfruitasasnackandtrytoincludefruitandvegiesineverymeal.

4. Switch off the screen and get active.IfyouspendtimewatchingTV,surfingonlineorplayingcomputergames,youmay

becomeoverweight.Childrenandyoungpeopleshouldspendnomore thantwohoursa day on computers.

5. Eat fewer snacks and select healthier alternatives.Avoidchips,cakesandchocolate.6. Do not do it.Avoidbadhabitsincludingtobacco,drugandalcoholuse.Theseproductscanhave

long-terminfluenceonyourhealth.Tobacconotonlysmellsbadandaffectsthepeoplearound you, but can lead to lung and heart disease. Alcohol and drugs are dangerous for your mind and body.

Keys: a)exercisingeveryday,eatingplentyoffruitandvegetables,drinkingwater,reducingtimespentonthescreen,avoidingbadhabits.

b)1.T;2.F;3.F;4.F;5.T.Lesson 11, exercise 4, p. 27PARENTS AND CHILDREN

Everyonehas familyconflict.Occasionaltensionorargumentsareanormalpartoffamilylife.Commonreasonsforarguingwithyourparentsare:

• your opinionsaredifferentfromyourparents’;• youdon’tcommunicateenoughandmisunderstandeachother;• youwantmoreindependencethanthey’rewillingtogiveyou;• youfeelparentstreatyoulikeakid;• theydon’trespectyourprivacy;• seriouschangesarehappeninginthefamily:separation,divorce,newbaby,moving;• there ismuch pressure regarding your friends, job, exams, chores, even your

personal style.Lesson 11, exercise 7, p. 28

Yourannoyingbrotherorsisterknowsexactlyhowtomakeyouangry.Thingsthatcanmaketheseconflictshardertodealwithare:

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Tapescripts 79• differencesinage;• jealousy;• feelinglikeyou’renotgoodenough;• lackofspace;• step-brothers,step-sistersorstep-families;• competitivenessoverstudy,sportorotherachievements.

Lesson 14, exercise 6, p. 34Effective Communication

Open,honestcommunicationshouldbeapartofeverygoodrelationship.Use theadvicebelowtoimproveyourcommunication.

Find the right time. If something is bothering you, and you would like to haveaconversationabout it, itcanbehelpful tofindtheright timetotalk.Try tofindatimewhenbothyouandtheotherpersonarecalmandnotstressed.

Talk face to face.Avoid talkingaboutseriousproblems inwriting.Textmessages,lettersandemailscanbemisunderstood.Youmaywritedownyourthoughtsaheadoftimeand read them out loud to your partner.

Do not attack.Using “you” cansound like you’reattacking,whichwillmakeyourfriend/parentangry.Instead,tryusing“I”or“we.”

Be honest. Agree to be honest. Sometimes the truth hurts, but it’s the key to a healthy relationship.Admitthatyouaren’talwaysperfectandapologizewhenyoumakeamistake.Youwillfeelbetteranditwillhelptodevelopyourrelationship.

Check your body language.Letyourpartnerknowyou’rereallylisteningtothem:situp,facethemandmakeeyecontactwhenspeaking.Don’ttakeaphonecall,textorplayavideogamewhenyou’retalking.Showyourpartneryourespectthembylisteningandanswering.

Use the 48 hour rule. If your partner does something that makes you angry, you need totellthemaboutit.Butyoudon’thavetodoitimmediately.Ifyou’restillangry48hourslater, say something. If not, forget about it.

Self-Assessment Module 1, p. 37Task 1

ListeningExercise 1

1. Mother:Canyouhelpmetogetdinnerready,Mike?Iknowyouhavesomeworktodo, butyou’llhavetimetodoitlater.

Son: ButthereisaprogramonTVlaterthatIwanttowatch.Mother: Well,Ineedyourhelp.Youwillhavetimetodoyourhomeworklater,andyou

can record the program.Son: Allright.Icanwatchtheprogramtomorrow.

2. Girl: Whatareyoudoinginthesummer,Mike?Areyouworkingattherestaurant again?

Boy: I am not sure. I’d like to do something else.Girl: Youmaytrytoworkinasupermarket.

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Tapescripts

Boy: Yes,maybe.But Idon’t think Iwant todo that. I think I’llask if theyhaveanythingintheswimmingpool.I’dliketoworkthere.

3. Girl: Hi,Nick.Didyouhaveagooddayyesterday?Didyouhaveafootballmatch?Boy: Yes,butwelost,soweallfeltsad.Girl: IwentshoppingwithMonika.Wereallyenjoyedourselves.ButIknowyou

don’t like shopping.Boy: Well, actually I spent Saturday afternoon looking for a birthday present for

my sister, and I had a great time in the bookshops. I got her a great book. ThenIwenttothecinema,butIdidn’tlikethefilm.

Keys:1.B;2.C;3.B.

UNIT 2Lesson 17, exercise 6, p. 44

FOODFastfoodischeapandconvenient.Besides,itisquickandeasytoget.Butifpeople

eattoomuchofit,theywilllivealotshorterthaniftheyeatusualfood.Inmanycasesfastfoodhaslotsofcarbohydrates,sugar,unhealthyfats.Thesefoodsarealmostalwayshighincaloriesbutoffer little inthewayofnutrition.Theyarefilledwithfatsandchemicals.Forexample,100gofFrench friescontains312calories. Inonehamburger thereare540 calories. 500 ml of milkshake contain 670 calories and about 150 grams of sugar. Sowhen youofteneat fast food, it can lead to badhealth outcomes.You canput onmuchweight, increase riskofdifferentdiseases, forexampleheartdiseases.Youmayalsohaveproblemswithyourmemory.Recentresearchshowsthateatingfastfoodmaycauseahigherrateofdepression.Onestudyindicatedthatpeoplewhoatefastfoodwere51percentmorelikelytodevelopdepressionthanthosewhodidn’t.

Keys: a)1.T;2.T;3.F;4.T. b)1.A;2.C;3.D;4.B;5.A.

Lesson 20, exercise 3, p. 49SALAD RECIPE

The dressing includes:6 tablespoonsofoliveoil1 tablespoon of fresh lemon juice1tablespoonofvinegar2mincedgarliccloves1 teaspoon of oregano

Directions:Tear lettuce into pieces. Take three large tomatoes, 1 cucumber, 1 small green pepper and cut them all into pieces.Cut one red onion into thin rings. Cut 100 g of feta cheese into cubes.Whisk dressing ingredients together until blended.

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Tapescripts 79Season to taste.Combineallsaladingredients,exceptcheese,inalargebowl.Tosswithdressing.Sprinkle cheeseoverandserve.

Lesson 23, exercise 4, p. 56PastaTherearemorethan600pastashapesproducedworldwide.Inthe13thcenturythePopesetqualitystandardsforpasta.TheaveragepersoninItalyeatsmorethan23kilosofpastaeveryyear.Theaverage

person in North America eats about 7 kilos per year.Most Italians eat pasta at least once a day, but that does not mean that they eat the

samethingeverydayastherearedifferenttoppingsandsauces.PizzaPizzawasinventedinNaplesduringthe18thcentury.Itusedtobeafoodforthepoor.

Itwasoriginallyadryandflatbread.In1889QueenMargheritaofItalytrieditduringhertouraroundhercoutry.Itbecameherfavouritefoodsoshewantedhercheftomakeothertypesofpizzaforher.Andhedecidedtomakeonewiththreecoloursoftheircountryflag:white,redandgreen.Andheusedcheeseforwhite,tomatoforredandbasilforgreen.Itwasnamed“PizzaMargherita”—theQueen’sname.

Keys: a)1.600;2.13;3.23;4.7;5.18;6.bread;7.1889;8.cheese;9.tomato. b)1.T;2.F;3.F;4.F;5.F.

Self-Assessment Module 2Part 1

Listening, p. 581. Whatdoweneedfor thissauce?Paulcanget it forme.Letmesee…onions,

tomatoes,oneredpepper,mushroomsandtwocarrots.SowhathaveIgot?Onions…I’vealwaysgotthose…I’vegotmushrooms…ohdear…nocarrots.Paul,couldyougototheshop for me, please?

2. —Havewegotanyfruittotakeonapicnic?Thereweresomebananasandpears. —Herearethepears.Oh,thebananashaveallgone.Whatabouttakingsome

peachesandgrapesaswell? —OK.Let’stakethegrapes.That’llbeenough.3. Man: Theseonionsare lovely.Howdidyoucook them?Theyarenot fried?

They must be baked or grilled. Woman: I’veneverheardofgrilledonions! Man: Maybe you boiled them? Woman:Ijustputthemintheoven.It’sthebestway.Keys: 1.A;2.C;3.С.

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UNIT 3Lesson 31, exercise 5, p. 73

TheAcademyAwards,casuallycalledtheOscars,isaformalceremonytohonorthebestachievementsinfilmmakingfromthepreviousyear.TheAcademyhasabout7,000memberswhoare involved in all aspects ofmaking films.TheAcademyAwardswerefirstheldin1929.In1939theAcademydecidedtoofficiallynamethestatuetteOscar.In2000,theOscarstatuetteswerestolenoutoftheirdeliverytruck.Theywerelaterfoundinthegarbage.Everyyearsince,theAcademyhashadanextrasetmade—justincase.Theyweighasmuchasanewbornsoitisnoteasyforwinnerstoholdthem.In1998theblockbuster epic Titanicwon11categories though itwasnominated for14. It tells thetragicstoryofthepassengershipthatsankonitsvoyagein1912.Onlythreefilmshaveeverwonallfiveofthemostimportantawards—BestPicture,Director,Actor,Actress,andScreenplay.WaltDisneywasawarded26Oscars—morethananyotherperson.

Keys: a)1.F;2.T;3.F;4.F. b)1.A;2.B;3.A;4.D;5.C;6.C.

Lesson 32, exercise 3, p. 74SAFE INTERNET

Be your own person. Don’t let friends or strangers pressure you to be someone you aren’t.

Be nice online.Oratleasttreatpeoplethewayyou’dwanttobetreated.Peoplewhoareaggressiveonlineareatgreaterriskofbeingbulliedthemselves.Ifsomeone’smeantoyou,trynottoreactandtalktoatrustedadultorafriendwhocanhelp.

Think about what you post.Sharingprovocativephotosorintimatedetailsonline,eveninprivateemails,cancauseyouproblemslateron.Evenpeopleyouconsiderfriendscanusethisinfoagainstyou,especiallyiftheybecomeex-friends.

Don’t show your passwords to anybody.Don’t share your password evenwithfriends. It’s hard to imagine, but friendships may change. Pick a password you canrememberbutnooneelsecanguess.Onetrick:Createasentencelike“IgraduatedfromKingSchoolin15”forthepassword“IgfKSi15.”

Avoid in-person meetings.Theonlyway someonecanphysically harmyou is ifyou’rebothinthesamelocation,so—tobe100%safe—don’tmeettheminperson.

Don’t measure your own life on the basis what others post. People typically post happy photos and stories online and don’t usually share their boring or sad moments or unflatteringphotos.Don’tassumethatothershavebetterlivesthanyoudo,basedonwhatthey post.

Be smart when using a smartphone.BecarefulwhoyougiveyournumberandhowyouuseGPSandothertechnologiesthatcanshowyourphysicallocation.BesuretosecureyourphonewithaPIN,password,fingerprintorfacialrecognition.

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Tapescripts 79UNIT 4

Lesson 35, exercise 3, p. 80 THEATRE

Susie: Ican’tbelieve I’mgoing toget toseemy favouriteactor inaplay. Iwantseats in the stalls!

David: I’mlookingattheseatingplanrightnowandallseatsinthestallsaretaken.There are still some on the balcony.

Susie: Allright.Thebalconywillgiveusagoodviewoftheplay.David: Waitonesecond. Isee twoseats in thesecond rowstillavailable for the

matinee performance. Susie: That’sgreat!We’lltakethose.Key: 1.F;2.F;3.F;4.T.

Self-Assessment Module 4Task 1

Listening, p. 92Asyouknowwehaveticketstothecentre’stwotheatresandtheconcerthall.The

showsbeginathalfpastseven,butwe’llleaveearlysothatyoucanspendtimelookinground the Arts Centre.

Letme tell youwhat youcando there. In theArtgallery there is theexhibitionofhistoryofballet. Ithasdressesandshoeswhichfamousdancerswore.Therearealsophotos of famous performances.

Therearealsosomeinterestingexhibitionsthatyoucansee.Onthegroundflooryoucanseechildren’spaintingsthatwonacompetition.

Ifyouwanttoeatbeforetheshow,thereisarestaurantwithspecialthree-coursedinner.Aftertheshowthebuswillpickusupattwentypastten.Thetwoplayswillfinishat

around10.10.I’mafraidconcertgoerswillhavetowaitastheconcertfinishesearlier,atten to ten.

Keys: 1.A;2.C;3.C;4.A;5.A.

UNIT 5Lesson 45, exercise 7, p. 100

THE POPULATION OF UKRAINEUkraine’spopulationhasbeenshrinking,andthat’safact.Todaywearetalkingabout

42.5millionUkrainians,whileby2050,thedemographerssaythepopulationwilldropto35-37millionpeople.Oneofthereasonsforthisreductionisconsideredtobeemigration.AccordingtotheofficialinformationoftheStateStatisticsService,Ukrainehasapositivebalanceofmigration(fromJanuarytoJulymorethan192,000leftUkraineandmorethan195,000arrived).However,theexpertsareskepticalabouttheobjectivityofthesedata.“Ourstatestatistics,usually, takeabetteraccountof thosewhoarrive than thosewholeave.Moreover,peopleoftenfailtoevenreportontheirdeparture,”saysCEDOSanalystOleksandr Slobodyan. The experts are convinced that for Ukraine, labor migration isastableprocessthatreflectsthephenomenathathavelongprevailedinUkraine:lackofgoodjobs,insufficientwages,etc.

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ThesecondfactorofasignificantreductioninthenumberofUkrainiansisthenaturaldeclineinthepopulation(peoplediemuchmoreoftenthantheyareborn).FromJanuarytoJuly2017,justover209,000babieswereborn,whilemorethan340,000peopledied(thedataareprovidedwithouttakingintoaccounttheterritoryofthetemporarilyoccupiedCrimeaandDonbas).Theverybirthrateisgettinglowereveryyear(inthesameperiodlastyear,therewere227,000newbornsreported)and,accordingtodemographers,thistrendwillprevail.

It is worth noting that inmatters of making children, Ukrainians tend to focus onEuropeanmodels.Back in the1990s,manyyoungpeople reconsidered their visionofthenumberofchildren ina family.Pairswantedtohavefewerchildrenonly tobeabletoprovide their kidswithabetter start in financial terms.Amongother things, there isatendencyinUkrainetowardtheincreaseintheageofmothersgivingbirthforthefirsttime.Modernwomentryfirsttogeteducation,assertthemselvesintheirprofession,andonlythentorealizethemselvesasmothers.Ofcourse,comparedtoEuropeancountries,wherewomengivebirthatanaverageageof31,Ukrainianmothersarestillbelowonthisscalewithjustanaverageageof27years.ButitislikelythattheageofchildbearinginUkrainewillcontinuetoincrease.“Afterall,Ukrainianwomenareattachedtothefamily.Creatingafamilyandgivingbirthtoachildisoneoftheirmainvalues,”Aksyonovasaid.Bytheway,themigrationfactoralsoaffectsthebirthrate.“Inanycase,peopleplanningtomove,evenjustforeducationpurposeswiththeviewtoreturn,postponetheirchildbearingplansforalaterperiod,”thedemographernotes.

In fact, a lot of factors affect the decision of a typical Ukrainian couple to makechildren,postponetheissuetomorefavorabletimes,ornottomakekidsatall.Economicandpoliticalinstability,thehousingproblem,infrastructureissues,aswellasdifficultiesinfindingaplaceforachildinakindergartenandschool—allthesefactorsrepeltheplansfor procreation.

It is apity, but theUkrainianpopulation isdecliningwith theeverynext year.Theprocessstartedin1990anditisalsoconnectedwiththehighlevelofdeathandlowlevelofbirth inthecountry,badecology,difficulteconomicsituation inthecountryandotherfactors.StatisticssaysthatUkrainianpopulationisreducedby150000peopleeveryyear.

UNIT 6Lesson 56, exercise 4, p. 118LITERACY OF POPULATION

Thanks to Harry Potter British teenagers read more! And fantasy continues to be their favourite.ManygirlslovebooksbyStephenieMeyerwhowritesaboutayounggirlwhohasfalleninlovewithavampire.Someteensprefermorerealisticstoriesthatshowtheirreallives—bullying,friendship,anddrugs.

TheInternethasalsoaddedtothenewboominteenagereading.Ithasbecomemoreinteractive. Many writers have created personal websites where they answer readers’questions.BeforeStephenieMeyer’sbookbecameafilm,sheaskedfanstowriteherthenamesoftheactorswhocouldplaythemainroles.

“Ifanyonedoesnotlikereading,itisbecausetheyhaven’tfoundtherightbookyet”,librarians say.

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Tapescripts 79Lesson 57, exercise 4, p. 119

AGE STRUCTUREThe population of the UK is 66,155,235.Theaverageage is 40.Menusuallylive78years,women—80.2273babiesareborneveryday.1652peopledieeveryday.510immigrantscometotheUKeveryday.Thereare13000peopleover100.In2037therewillbeover70millionpeoplelivingintheUK.Theaverageageofallcitizenswillbe43.Almosteveryfamilywillhave2children.Therewillbeabout111,000peopleaged100andover.Everyfourthcitizenwillbeover65.

UNIT 7Lesson 61, exercise 2, p. 130

ETON COLLEGEPerhaps the most famous public school in the UK is Eton. It is located near Windsor.

Itwasfoundedin1440byEnglishkingHenrytheSixth.Entrance toEton iscompetitive,basedona testat theageof11andaCommon

Entranceexamat13.Academicstandardsareveryhigh.TheacademicyearstartsattheendofSeptemberandhasthreeterms.TheyearfinisheswiththeexamsinearlyJune.Shortcoursesarerunat thecollegeafter theboyshaveleft for theirsummerholidays.There are no girls at Eton (many other boys’ public schools in the UK accept some girls in theupperschool,afterage16).Boysleavetheschoolattheageof18—manygoontostudyattopuniversitiessuchasOxfordandCambridge.

Lesson 64, exercise 6, p. 140SCHOOLING IN THE USA

Atelementaryandsecondarylevels,studentsusuallyattendapublicschoolclosetotheirhome.Ifyouhaveapreferenceforaparticularpublicschoolorschooldistrict, it’susuallynecessarytobuyorrentapropertyinthatarea.It’squitenormalforAmericanstoaskanestateagenttofindthemahomeinaparticularschooldistrict.Allschoolspreferchildrentostartatthebeginningofanewterm(semester),althoughthisisn’tnecessary.

Manytownsprovidetransporttoschool(buses),althoughitmaybeprovidedforcertainschoolsoragesonly,andmaydependonthetravellingdistancetoschool,e.g.theremaybebussingonlywhenthedistancefromhometoschoolisover2or2.5miles(3to5.5km).

Schoolvacationdatesarepublishedbyschoolswellinadvance,thusallowingparentsplentyoftimetoschedulefamilyholidaysduringofficialschoolholidayperiods.Normallyparentsaren’tpermittedtowithdrawchildrenfromclasses,exceptforvisitstoadoctorordentist,whentheteachershouldbeinformedinadvancewheneverpossible.Ifyouwishto take a child out of school during classes, you must obtain permission from the principal whichisrarelygiven.

Keys: 1, 3, 4, 5.

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Lesson 66, exercise 4, p. 144

SCHOOL RULES1. All students must be at school by 8.45 a. m. Latecomers must report to the

AttendanceOfficebeforegoingtoclass.Thestudentwillonlybeadmittedtoclassbytheteacheruponpresentationofa“LatePass”fromtheAttendanceOfficer.

2. Studentsarerequiredtoattendallclassesandremainintheschoolgrounds.Nostudentmayleavetheschoolgroundsduringintervalor lunchwithoutpriorpermission.Whenleavingschoolduringclassestoattenddental/medicalorsimilarappointments,thestudentsmustsigninandoutattheAttendanceOfficeortoseeaDean.

3. Parents,pleaseconsidercarefullytheeffectonlearningandtheconsequencesofaskingfor leaveduringschooltime.Theprocessofapplyingfor leaveisforparents/guardianstowritetotheHeadmasterwellinadvance,notifyingdatesandthereasonforabsence.Eachapplicationisconsideredatfirstbythestudent’steachersandDeans,andthen by the Headmaster.

IfyouknowyoursonisgoingtobeabsentforanyreasonpleasecalltheAttendanceOfficeandleaveamessagewithstudent’sname,form,contactnumberandreasonforthe absence. After an absence from school a student must bring, on the day of return, a note signed by his parents/guardian, stating the reason for the absence and take it to the AttendanceOfficer.Intheeventoftheabsenceexceeding2days,theschoolshouldbeinformedwhythestudentisabsentfromschool.

Keys: b)1.a;2.a;3.d;4.c;5.b.

Self-Assessment Module 7Part 1

Listening, p. 146

Gary: Mum,nextmonthallthepeopleinourclasswillspendatwork.Itwillhelpusunderstandwhatwewanttodoafterschool.CouldIcometoworkwithyou?..

Mother: Doyouthinkthat’sagoodidea?I’msobusyIwouldn’thavetimetoshowyouanything.Andit’snotreallyveryexciting.Let’sthinkofsomewhereelseyoucould go.

Gary: ButIhearsomuchaboutyouroffice.Mother: But youdon’twant to beamanager.You’ve always said youwant to do

somethingdifferent.Gary: ButImightwanttobeamanager.Iwanttofindoutaboutlotsofdifferentjobs

andthenI’lldecidewhatI’mgoingtodoafterschool.Mother: Whatareallyourfriendsgoingtododuringthisspecialweek?Aretheyall

goingtoworkwiththeirmumsordads?Gary: Mostofthemwanttoworkwithchildreninaprimaryschoolforaweek,but

theyalreadyknowwhatthat’slike.Ithinkit’sbettertotrysomethingyoudon’tknowanythingabout.

Mother: Well,I’mnotveryhappyaboutit.Butifit’swhatyoureallywant,I’lldoit.Key: 1.T;2.T;3.T;4.F;5.T.

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Tapescripts 79UNIT 8

Lesson 77, exercise 4, p. 161

CHOOSING A JOBI’vealwaysbeeninterestedintourism,sowhenIleftschool,ItookacourseatLondon

University.PeoplefromalloverEuropecometostudyatit,becausethequalificationyouget is accepted in many other European countries.

Ididn’tgetthejobIwantedimmediately.ThenIsawanadvertisementforacompanyandapplied.Ididn’tactuallyneedmyqualificationtoapply,butyouhadtohaveexperienceoftravellinginEurope.IhadbeenaroundFrance,Germany,EnglandandPolandintheholidays.

Myfirstyearwasastourguide,workingunderatourmanager.ThisyearI’matourmanager.

Wedoeverything,includingorganizingexcursionsandparties.It’sgreatfun,butit’shardwork—it’sneveraholidayforus!

Keys:1.T;2.T;3.T;4.F;5.T.

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GRAMMAR REFERENCEДОКОНАНІ ЧАСИ (PERFECT TENSES)

Теперішній доконаний час (Present Perfect Tense)Present Perfectвживається,щобпоказати,щодіящойновідбулася.Начасдіївказуютьтакіобставиннісловаяк:lately —нещодавно;since —відтоді;

already —вже;just —щойно;never —ніколи;ever —коли-небудь;yet —ще,вже;this week/month/year.

СтверджувальнаформаPresent PerfectутворюєтьсязадопомогоюдопоміжногодієсловаhaveабоhasіIIIформидієслова(Past Participle).

Has вживається з третьою особою однини. Правильні дієслова утворюютьIII форму за допомогою закінчення -ed. Неправильні дієслова мають особливуформу,якупотрібнозапам’ятати.

Напр.: Іhavejustopenedthewindow.Я щойно відчинив вікно. Неhasjustopenedthewindow.Він щойно відчинив вікно.Питальна форма Present Perfect утворюється за загальним правилом:

допоміжнедієслово(have або has)ставитьсяпередпідметом.Напр.: —Haveyouopenedthewindow? —Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavenot(haven’t). Whyhaveyounottoldmeabouthim? Whyhaven’tyouputonyourcap?ЗаперечнаформаPresent Perfect утворюється задопомогоючасткиnot, яка

ставитьсяпіслядопоміжногодієслова(haveабоhas).Напр.: Іhavenot(haven’t)openedthewindow. Hehasnot(hasn’t)openedthewindow.Пасивний стан теперішнього доконаного часу (the Present Perfect Passive)

утворюєтьсязадопомогоюдопоміжнихдієслівhave/has beenтаIIIформидієслова(Past Participle).

Напр.: The book has been read. Книжка прочитана.У питальній формі перше допоміжне дієслово (have/has) ставиться перед

підметом.Напр.: Has the book been read? Книжка прочитана?Узаперечнійформічасткаnotставитьсяпісляпершогодопоміжногодієслова

(have/has).Напр.: The book has not been read. Книжка не прочитана.

Минулий доконаний час (Past Perfect Tense)Past Perfect вживається, щоб показати, що дія 1) відбулася раніше за іншу

минулудіюабо2)вжезакінчиласядопевногомоментувминулому.Начасдіївказуютьтакіобставиннісловосполучення,як:by two o’clock, by that

time, by June.СтверджувальнаформаPast Perfect утворюється за допомогоюдопоміжного

дієсловаhadіIIIформидієслова(Past Participle).

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Grammar Reference 79ПравильнідієсловаутворюютьIIIформузадопомогоюзакінчення-ed.Неправильні

дієсловамаютьособливіформи,якіподаютьсявтаблицінеправильнихдієслів.Напр.: Yesterdaywediscussedthefilmwhichwehadseensomedaysbefore. Учора ми обговорили фільм, який переглядали кілька днів тому. I had cooked dinner by three o’clock. Я приготувала обід до третьої години.ПитальнаформаPast Perfectутворюєтьсязазагальнимправилом:допоміжне

дієсловоhadставитьсяпередпідметом.Напр.: —Hadyouseenthefilm? —Yes,Ihad. —No,Ihadnot(hadn’t).Заперечна форма Past Perfect утворюється за допомогою частки not, яка

ставитьсяпіслядопоміжногодієсловаhad.Напр.: Іhadnotseenthefilm.The Past Perfect Continuousпозначаєтривалудію,якапочаласядо іншоїдії

вминулому.The Past Perfect Continuousутворюєтьсязадопомогоюдопоміжнихдієслівhad

beenтазакінчення-ingдоосновногодієслова.Напр.: Ihadbeenworkingbeforehecame.The Past Perfect Continuousпозначаєтривалудію,якапочаласядо іншоїдії

вминулому.The Past Perfect Continuousутворюєтьсязадопомогоюдопоміжнихдієслівhad

beenтазакінчення-ingдоосновногодієслова.Напр.: Ihadbeenworkingbeforehecame.

Інфінітив (The Infinitive)Інфінітивом називається така незмінювана форма дієслова, яка називаючи

дію або стан, не вказує на особу, число і спосіб. Інфінітив не виражає часу дії(теперішнього,минулогочимайбутнього),алишевказуєнаспіввіднесеністьучасіздією,вираженоюдієсловом-присудкомвособовійформі.

Граматичноюознакоюінфінітиваванглійськіймовієчасткаto,алевбагатьохвипадкахнеозначенаформадієсловавживаєтьсябезчасткиto.

Заперечна форма інфінітива утворююється за допомогою частки not, щоставитьсяпередінфінітивом:

Напр.: Thedoctortoldmenototgooutforaweek. Лікар сказав менеі не виходити з дому протягом тижня.Ванглійськіймовірозрізняютьтакіформиінфінітива:

TheSimpleInfinitive to askTheContinousInfinitive to be askedThePerfectInfinitive tohaveasked

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Grammar Reference

Інфінітив у пасивному стані (Passive Infinitive)Післядеякихдієслівможевживатисьінфінітивупасивномустані,якщовін

виражаєдію,щовиконуєтьсянадкимосьабочимось.Напр.: Iaskedto be helpedwithmyhomework. Weallwantto be understood correctly. Idon’tlikedrivingmyself.Iprefer to be driven.

Такимидієсловамиє: to agree, ask, attempt, decide, expect, hate, hope, learn, like, love, need, plan, prefer, promise, refuse, remember, try, want, would like, would love, would prefer таін.

Verbs Taking ‘to’ + InfinitiveПіслядеякихдієсліввживаєтьсяto+інфінітив.Напр.: Idecidedtohelpmyclassmatewithhishomework. WeallwantedtohavemoreEnglishclassesperweek.

• Такимидієсловами є: to agree, arrange, attempt, choose, decide, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, plan, prefer, promise, refuse, remember, tend, try, want, would like, would love.

• Післядієслівto make, to let,атакожпіслямодальнихдієслівcan, may, must інфінітивуживаєтьсябезчасткиto.Напр.: Theteacherletusrewritethetest. Mother made me repeat the poem again. Youmaygohome.

Післядеякихдієсліввживаєтьсяіменник/займенник(me/you/her/him/it/us/them)+ to+інфінітив.

Напр.:Sheasked him to help herwiththehomework.Hewanted his friends to come to his party.

• Такимидієсловамиє:to advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, force, invite, order, prefer, promise, remind, teach, tell, want, would like

• Післядієслівto make, to let, to see, to hearінфінітивуживаєтьсябезчасткиto.Напр.:Theteacherletusrewritethetest. Mother made me repeat the poem again. I heard him cry.

Складносурядне речення (The Compound Sentence)Складносурядне речення складається з двох або більше не підпорядкованих

однеодномуречень.Ванглійськіймові вониназиваютьсяclauses і об’єднуютьсявскладносуряднереченнязадопомогоюсполучниківсурядності:

Напр.:Itwasawarmsofteveninginspring,andthereweremаnуpersonsinthestreets. Був теплий лагідний весняний вечір, і на вулицях було багато людей.

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Grammar Reference 79Складнопідрядне речення (The Complex Sentence)

Складнопідрядне речення складається з головного речення (the principal clause) й одного або кількох підрядних (subordinate clauses). Підрядні реченняграматично залежать від головного, виконуючи в ньому функцію одного з членівречення.Залежновідцьоговониподіляютьсянапідметові,присудкові,додаткові,означальнійобставинні.

УМОВНІ РЕЧЕННЯ (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)First Conditional/Conditional I

First Conditional/Conditional Iвиражаєреальнуумову,щозумовлюєможливийрезультатстосовнотеперішньогоабомайбутньогочасу.Упідрядномуреченніумовидієслово-присудок уживається у Present Simple, а дієслово-присудок головногоречення—уFuture Simple.

Напр.: If I work hard, I will pass my exams. Якщо я буду наполегливо працювати, я складу екзамени.Інодіголовнереченняможебутиспонукальним,тодідієслововтакомуреченні

вживаєтьсявнаказовомуспособі.Напр.: IfIamlate,waitforme,please. Якщо я запізнюся, зачекай мене, будь ласка.

Second Conditional/Conditional IISecond Conditional/Conditional II виражає нереальну умову, що зумовлює

малоймовірнийрезультатстосовнотеперішньогоабомайбутньогочасу.Упідрядномуреченні умови другого типу дієслово-присудок завжди вживається у формі Past Simple,авголовномуреченнідієслово-присудокстоїтьуформіFuture in the Past.

Напр.: If I had money, I would buy a car. Якби я мав гроші, я купив би автомобіль.

Непряма мова (Indirect Speech)Нерідко чужу мову доводиться передавати від себе, переважно підрядним

додатковимреченнямзісполучникомthatабобезнього.Ценепрямамова(Reported Speech або Indirect Speech).

Напр.: Hesaid,’I’mbusy.’—Hesaidthathewasbusy.Приперетворенніпрямоїмовинанепрямучасдієсловазмінюєтьсявідповідно

доправилузгодженнячасів.

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Grammar Reference

Узгодження часів (Sequence of Tenses)

Час,

яко

го в

имаг

ає

зміс

т і с

итуа

ція

Pres

ent S

impl

e

Pres

ent C

ontin

uous

Pres

ent P

erfe

ct

Past

Sim

ple

Past

Con

tinuo

us

Past

Per

fect

FutureSimple

Час,

що

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Питальніреченнявнепряміймовіназиваютьнепрямимизапитаннями(Reported Questions).Непрямізапитаннямаютьструктурурозповідногоречення:унихпрямийпорядок слів.Приперетворенні прямоїмовинанепрямучасдієслова змінюєтьсявідповіднодоправилузгодженнячасів.

Напр.: ’Doyouhaveapen?’heaskedme.—HeaskedmeifIhadapen. ’Wherehaveyoubeen?’heaskedher.—Heaskedherwhereshehadbeen.Приперетвореннівнепрямумовунаказовихреченьтапроханьдієсловопрямої

мови замінюється інфінітивом. У заперечній формі перед інфінітивом ставитьсячасткаnot.

Напр.: Isaidtoher,’Don’tgoout.’—Iaskedhernottogoout. ’Waitforme,’hesaid.—Heaskedtowaitforhim.

May/might для вираження ймовірності(May/might for Likelihood)

Ванглійськіймовідієсловаmayтаmightозначаютьприпущеннязвідтінкомневпевненості.

Напр.:Hemayworkinarestaurant.Можливо, він працює в ресторані.She might dine out. Можливо, вона обідатиме не вдома.Mayчастовживаєтьсявофіційнихситуаціях,might—унеофіційних.ЗаперечнаформаутворюєтьсязадопомогоюзаперечноїчасткиNOTпісля

may/might.Напр.:Imightnotgotothepartytonight.Можливо,янепідунавечіркусьогодні

ввечері.

195

Grammar Reference 79Прийменники часу

(Prepositions of Time) during, for, since, throughout, till, until, as soon as, when

During вживається тоді, коли хочемо сказати, коли щось трапилось; for—щобсказати,якдовгоцетривало.

Наприклад:TheartistlivedinFranceduring the summer. Hewastherefor two months.It rained during the night for two hours. Sinceозначаєз певного часу.Наприклад: It has been raining since morning.Theartisthasbeenlivingheresince 2004.У такому випадку ми зазвичай вживаємо присудок у Present Perfect

Continuous (чи Present Perfect, якщо дієслово не вживається в форміContinuous).

Throughoutозначаєвпродовж.throughouttheweek—упродовжтижняНаприклад:Itrainedthroughout the night. Дощ ішов усю ніч(безупинно).Нeworkedhardthroughouthislife.—Усе своє життя він багато працював.Ми використовуємо throughout майже в тому ж значенні, що й during.

Різниця,однак,полягаєвтому,щоthroughoutозначаєвпродовжусьогоперіоду,аduring—підчас.

Наприклад:Markwentskiingseveraltimesduringthewinter. Можливо,Марккатавсяналижахнапочаткузими—минезнаємо. Markwentskiingseveraltimesthroughoutthewinter. Маркрегулярнокатавсяналижахкількаразіввпродовжзими.

Whenозначаєколи. As soon asозначаєщойно.Till / Until означаютьпоки. Післяwhen, as soon as, till/untilминевживаємомайбутніхчасів.Зазвичай

післянихвживаємоPresent Simple. Наприклад:I’ll phone you when I get on the train. Я зателефоную тобі, коли сяду в потяг.Hewillgoas soon ashewritesthetest.Він поїде, щойно напише тест.I’llwaitwithyoutill/until the bus comes. Я зачекаю з тобою, поки приїде твій

автобус.

196

IRREGULAR VERBSInfinitive Past Simple Past Participle Translationbe [bɪ]become [bɪˈkʌm]begin [bɪˈɡɪn]blow[bləʊ]break [breɪk]bring [brɪŋ]build [bɪld]buy [baɪ]catch [kætʃ]choose [tʃuːz]come [kʌm]cut [kʌt]do [də]draw [drɔː]drink [drɪŋk]drive [draɪv]eat [iːt]fall [fɔːl]feed [fiːd]fight [faɪt]find[faɪnd]fly [flaɪ]forget [fəˈɡet]forgive [fəˈɡɪv]freeze [friːz]get [ɡet]give [ɡɪv] go [ɡəʊ]grow [ɡrəʊ]have [həv]hear [hɪə(r)]hide [haɪd]hurt [hɜːt]keep [kiːp]know [nəʊ]lay [leɪ]learn [lɜːn]

leave [liːv]lend [lend]let [let]lie [laɪ]lose [luːz]

was [wəz], were [wə(r)]became [bɪˈkeɪm]began [bɪˈɡæn]blew [bluː]broke [brəʊk]brought [brɔːt]built [bɪlt]bought [bɔːt]caught [kɔːt]chose [tʃəʊz]came [keɪm]cut [kʌt]did [dɪd]drew [druː]drank [dræŋk]drove [drəʊv]ate [et]fell [fel]fed [fed]fought [fɔːt]found [faʊnd]flew [fluː]forgot [fəˈɡɒt]forgave [fəˈɡeɪv]froze [frəʊz]got [ɡɒt]gave [ɡeɪv]went [went]grew [ɡruː]had [həd]heard [hɪə(r)]hid [hɪd]hurt [hɜːt]kept [kept]knew [njuː]laid [leɪd]learnt [lɜːnt]

learned [lɜːnd]left [left]lent [lent]let [let]lay [leɪ]lost [lɒst]

been [biːn]beсome [bɪˈkʌm]begun [bɪˈɡʌn]blown [bləʊn]broken [ ˈbrəʊkən]brought [brɔːt]built [bɪlt]bought [bɔːt]caught [kɔːt]chosen [ ˈtʃəʊzn]come [kʌm]cut [kʌt]done [dʌn]drawn [drɔːn]drunk [drʌŋk]driven [ˈdrɪvn]eaten [iːtn]fallen [ ˈfɔːlən]fed [fed]fought [fɔːt]found [faʊnd]flown [fləʊn]forgotten [fəˈɡɒtn]forgiven[fəˈɡɪvn]frozen [ˈfrəʊzn]got [ɡɒt]given [ˈɡɪvn]gone [ɡɒn]grown [ɡrəʊn]had [həd]heard [hɪə(r)]hidden [hɪdn]hurt [hɜːt]kept [kept]known [nəʊ]laid [leɪd]learnt [lɜːnt]

learned [lɜːnd]left [left]lent [lent]let [let]lain [leɪn]lost [lɒst]

бутиставатипочинати(ся)дути(з)ламатиприноситибудуватикупуватиловити,(с)піймативибиратиприходитирізатиробитималюватипитигнати;їхатиїстипадатигодуватибитися,боротисязнаходитилітатизабувативибачати,прощатизамерзатиодержуватидаватиітиростиматичутиховати(ся)травмуватитримати;зберігатизнатикласти,покластивчити(щось),вивчати

залишатипозичати(комусь)дозволятилежатигубити

197

Irregular Verbs 79Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Translationmake [meɪk]mean [miːn]meet [miːt]pay [peɪ]put [pʊt]read [riːd]ride [raɪd]rise [raɪz]run [rʌn]say [seɪ]see [siː]sell [sel]send [send]set [set]

shake [ʃeɪk]shave[ʃeɪv]shine [ʃaɪn]shoot [ʃuːt]show [ʃəʊ]sing [sɪŋ]sink [sɪŋk]

sit [sɪt]sleep [sliːp]speak [spiːk]spend [spend]

stand [stænd]steal [stiːl]sweep [swiːp]swim [swɪm]take [teɪk]teach [tiːtʃ]tell [tel]think [θɪŋk]throw [θrəʊ]understand

[ˌʌndəˈstænd]wake [weɪk]

wear [weə(r)]win [wɪn]write [raɪt]

made [meɪd]meant [ment]met [met]paid [peɪd]put [pʊt]read [riːd]rode [rəʊd]rose [rəʊz]ran [ræn]said [sed]saw [sɔː]sold [səʊld]sent [sent]set [set]

shook [ʃʊk]shaved[ʃeɪvd]shone [ʃɒn]shot [ʃɒt]showed [ʃəʊd]sang [sæŋ]sank [sæŋk]

sat [sæt]slept [slept]spoke [spəʊk]spent [spent]

stood [stʊd]stole [stəʊl]swept [swept]swam [swæm]took [tʊk]taught [tɔːt]told [təʊld]thought [θɔːt]threw [θruː]understood

[ˌʌndəˈstʊd]woke [wəʊk]

waked [wəʊkd]wore [wɔː(r)]won [wʌn]wrote [rəʊt]

made [meɪd]meant [ment]met [met]paid [peɪd]put [pʊt]read [riːd]ridden [ˈrɪdn]risen [raɪzn]run [rʌn]said [sed]seen [siːn]sold [səʊld]sent [sent]set [set]

shaken [ˈʃeɪkən]shaven[ˈʃeɪvn]shone [ʃɒn]shot [ʃɒt]shown [ʃəʊn]sung [sʌŋ]sunk [sʌŋk]

sat [sæt]slept [slept]spoken [ˈspəʊkən]spent [spent]

stood [stʊd]stolen [stəʊlən]swept [swept]swum[swʌm]taken [teɪkn]taught [tɔːt]told [təʊld]thought [θɔːt]thrown [θrəʊn]understood

[ˌʌndəˈstʊd]woken [wəʊkn]

waked [wəʊkd]worn [wJn]won[wʌn]written [ ˈrɪtn]

робитиозначатизустрічатиплатитикласти,ставитичитатиїздитиверхивставатибігтиговорити,сказатибачитипродаватипосилатиставити;

установлюватитрястиголитисясвітити;сяятистріляти;влучитипоказуватиспіватиспускати(ся);

занурюватисясидітиспатиговоритивитрачати,

проводити(час)стояти;знаходитисякрастиместиплавати,пливтибратинавчатирозповідати;говоритидуматикидатирозуміти

прокидатися; будити

носити(одяг)виграватиписати

198

UNIT 1LIFESTYLEadult [ˈædʌlt]дорослийaffect [əˈfekt]впливатиappreciative [əˈpriːʃətɪv]вдячнийargument [ˈɑːɡjumənt]дискусіяavoiding [əˈvɔɪdɪŋ]уникненняbehave [bɪˈheɪv]поводитисяbite [baɪt]кусатиbrief [briːf]короткийcommercial [kəˈmɜːʃl]комерційнарек-

лама(по радіо або теле баченню)competitiveness [kəmˈpetətɪvnəs] дух

суперництваconclusion [kənˈkluːʒn]висновокconsider [kənˈsɪdə(r)]вважатиdating [ˈdeɪtɪŋ]знайомствоdetermine [dɪˈtɜːmɪn]визначати,вста-

новлюватиgeneration [ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn]поколінняgrade [ɡreɪd]оцінка(ушколі)grateful [ˈɡreɪtfl]вдячнийimprove [ɪmˈpruːv]покращуватиinclude [ɪnˈkluːd]міститиinfluence [ˈɪnfluəns]впливатиinteraction [ˌɪntərˈækʃn]взаємодіяjealousy [ˈdʒeləsi]ревнощі,заздрістьjoin [dʒɔɪn]приєднуватисяmature [məˈtʃʊə(r)]зрілийmuscle [ˈmʌsl]м’язoccasional [əˈkeɪʒənl]нечастий,випад-

ковийopinion [əˈpɪnjən]думкаopportunity [ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti]можливість,

нагодаprefer [prɪˈfɜː(r)]надаватиперевагуpressure [preʃə(r)]тискprivacy [ˈprɪvəsi]приватністьreflect [rɪˈflekt]відображатиrelationship [rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp]стосунокrespect [rɪˈspekt]поважати

REVISIONaccess [ˈækses]доступannual [ˈænjuəl]щорічнийbeverage [ˈbevərɪdʒ]напійboredom [ˈbɔːdəm]нудьгаchief [tʃiːf]головнийcuriosity [ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti]допитливістьdairy [ˈdeəri]молочніпродуктиdestination [ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn] місцепризна-

ченняdevoted [dɪˈvəʊtɪd]відданийdisaster [dɪˈzɑːstə(r)]катастрофаdownload [ˌdaʊnˈləʊd]завантажуватиeditor [ˈedɪtə(r)]редакторembarrassing [ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ]що

бентежитьembarrassment [ɪmˈbærəsmənt]

зніяковілість,збентеженняequipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt]обладнанняflax [flæks]льонgossip [ˈɡɒsɪp]чуткаhub [hʌb]центрдіяльностіmining [ˈmaɪnɪŋ]гірничодобувнийnewsagent’s [ˈnjuːzeɪdʒənts]газетний

кіоскprovide [prəˈvaɪd]забезпечуватиrailroad [ˈreɪlrəʊd]залізницяsecular [ˈsekjələ(r)]світськийsetting [ˈsetɪŋ]місцедіїstaff [stɑːf]персоналsteel [stiːl]стальvehicle [ˈviːəkl]транспортнийзасіб

be accused—бутизвинуваченимconsumer goods—товариспоживчого

призначенняhousehold utensils—домашнєначиння

ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN DICTIONARY

199

79English-Ukrainian Dictionary

statement [ˈsteɪtmənt]твердженняsuitable [ˈsuːtəbl]підходящий,відпо-

віднийtension [ˈtenʃn]напруга,напруженістьtolerance [ˈtɒlərəns]терпимістьwell-being [ˈwel biːɪŋ]добробут

tongue twister—скоромовкаvaluable advice —ціннапорада

UNIT 2FOODadvantage [ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ]перевагаbaked [ˈbeɪkt]печенийblueberry [ˈbluːˌberi]чорницяboiled [bɔɪld]варенийbowl [bəʊl]мискаcharities [ˈtʃærətɪz]благодійнадіяль-

ністьcheerful [ˈtʃɪəfl]радіснийcuisine [kwɪˈziːn]кухняdeclining [dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ]якийзанепадаєdecrease [dɪˈkriːs]зменшувати,зни-

жуватиdelicious [dɪˈlɪʃəs]дужесмачнийdressing [ˈdresɪŋ]приправаdumpling [ˈdʌmplɪŋ]галушкаexplain [ɪkˈspleɪn]пояснюватиfresh [freʃ]свіжийfried [fraɪd]смаженийfrozen [ˈfrəʊzn]замерзлийgrilled [ɡrɪld]засмаженийнагриліincrease [ɪnˈkriːs]збільшуватиinvent [ɪnˈvent]винаходитиlamb [læm]молодабаранинаlettuce [ˈletɪs]салат-латукlow-fat [ˌləʊ ˈfæt]нежирний,знежиренийpeach [piːtʃ ]персикpear [peə(r)]грушаpepper [ˈpepə(r)]перецьpoultry [ˈpəʊltri]птицяprawn [prɔːn]креветкаquality [ˈkwɒləti]якість

raspberry [ˈrɑːzbəri]малинаraw [rɔː]сирийready-made [ˌredi ˈmeɪd]готовийrecipe [ˈresəpi]рецептremain [rɪˈmeɪn]залишатисяrequire [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)]потребувати,ви-

магатиroast [rəʊst]смаженийsalmon [ˈsæmən]лососьєвропейський,

сьомгаsatisfied [ˈsætɪsfaɪd]задоволенийsnack [snæk]легказакускаspicy [ˈspaɪsi]приправленийспеціями,

прянийsprinkle [ˈsprɪŋkl]посипатиsquash [skwɒʃ]фруктовийсік(згазо-

ваноюводою)steamed [stiːmd]приготованийнапаруsticky [ˈstɪki]клейкийstrict [strɪkt]точний,строгийsupplements [ˈsʌplɪmənts]харчовідо-

датки(адитиви)supported [səˈpɔːtɪd]підтриманий,під-

кріпленийtablespoon [ˈteɪblspuːn]столоваложкаtakeaway [ˈteɪkəweɪ]щовідпускається

додомуteaspoon [ˈtiːspuːn]чайналожкаtinned [tɪnd]законсервованийtip [tɪp]порадаvinegar [ˈvɪnɪɡə(r)]оцетwhisk [wɪsk]збивати

garlic clove—зубокчасникаolive oil—оливковаоліяskipping breakfast—пропусксніданку

UNIT 3MASS MEDIAaccess [ˈækses]доступadvertisement [ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt]оголо-

шенняavailable [əˈveɪləb]доступний

200

English-Ukrainian Dictionary

believe [bɪˈliːv]думати,вважатиbenefit [ˈbenɪfɪt]перевагаbillboard [ˈbɪlbɔːd]дошкадляафіш,

оголошеньbroadcast [ˈbrɔːdkɑːst]передаватипо

телебаченнюcast [kɑːst]акторськийскладchannel [ˈtʃænl]каналchat [tʃæt](невимушена)розмова,бе-

сідаconduct [kənˈdʌkt]поведінкаcover [ˈkʌvə(r)]обкладинкаdocumentary [ˌdɒkjuˈmentrɪ]докумен-

тальнийфільмdrawback [ˈdrɔːbæk]недолік,вадаempty [ˈempti]порожнійfright [fraɪt]перелякheadphones [ˈhedfəʊnz]навушникиheart [hɑːt]серцеhighlight [ˈhaɪlaɪt]основниймоментimagine [ɪˈmædʒɪn]уявлятиimpression [ɪmˈpreʃn]враженняintended [ɪnˈtendɪd]задуманий,при-

значенийinvention [ɪnˈvenʃn]винахідloud [laʊd]голоснийmatinee [ˈmætɪneɪ]деннийспектакль

абоконцертmystery [ˈmɪstrɪ]таємницяoffer [ˈɒfə(r)]пропонуватиplot [plɒt]сюжетpredictable [prɪˈdɪktəbl]передбачуванийquiet [ˈkwaɪət]тихийscript [skrɪpt]сценарійsequence [ˈsiːkwəns]послідовність,рядsociety [səˈsaɪəti]суспільствоsorrow [ˈsɒrəʊ]сум,тугаswitch [swɪtʃ ]перемикатиtitle [ˈtaɪtl]назва,заголовокtravelogue [ˈtrævəlɒɡ]фільмпропо-

дорожіup-to-date [ˌʌp tə ˈdeɪt]сучаснийworth [wɜːθ]вартий

adventure film—пригодницькийфільмanimated cartoon—мультиплікаційний

фільмbe on—транслюватисяcomedy film—кінокомедіяcurrent affairs—поточнісправиdeal with—матисправузdubbed film—дубльованийфільмfavourite programme—улюблена

телепередачаfeature film—художнійфільмgame live—гра,щотранслюється

впрямомуефіріhorror film—фільмжахівlive broadcast—пряматрансляціяpopular science film—науково-попу-

лярнийфільмrecorded highlights—записаніоснов-

німоменти(напр.гри)remote control—пультscience fiction film—науково-фантас-

тичнийфільмthree-dimensional film—стереофільмthriller film—бойовик,трилерturn over—перемикатиканал

UNIT 4ARTannounce [əˈnaʊns]повідомляти,спо-

віщатиappreciate [əˈpriːʃieɪt]цінувати,високо

оцінюватиapproach [əˈprəʊtʃ]підхідattempt [əˈtempt]спробаattract [əˈtrækt]приваблюватиbackground [ˈbækɡraʊnd]заднійпланbetrayal [bɪˈtreɪəl]зрада,зрадництвоblood [blʌd]кровbold [bəʊld]сміливий,нахабнийbottom [ˈbɒtəm]низ,нижнячастинаcentury [ˈsentʃəri]століттяchallenging [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ]якийпотребує

напруження(зусиль)cheer [tʃɪə(r)]аплодуватиcontemporary [kənˈtemprəri]сучасний

201

79English-Ukrainian Dictionary

destroy [dɪˈstrɔɪ]руйнуватиdeteriorate [dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt]погіршуватися,

псуватисяembody [ɪmˈbɒdi]бутисимволом(чого-

небудь)emergence [iˈmɜːdʒəns]вихід,поява,

виникненняenvironment [ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt]середо-

вище,оточенняerect [ɪˈrekt]будувати,споруджуватиexpression [ɪkˈspreʃn]вираз(обличчя)fascinate [ˈfæsɪneɪt]викликатизахватimmerse [ɪˈmɜːs]поринати,занурюва-

тисяinexhaustible [ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔːstəbl]неви-

черпнийinstallation [ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃn]інсталяціяintensity [ɪnˈtensəti]інтенсивність,сила,

глибинаintriguing [ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ]захоплюючий,

інтригуючийlandscape [ˈlændskeɪp]ландшафт,

пейзажmankind [mænˈkaɪnd]людствоmarriage[ˈmærɪdʒ]шлюбmasterpiece [ˈmɑːstəpiːs]шедеврnoble [ˈnəʊbl]шляхетний,благороднийobserve [əbˈzɜːv]спостерігати,стежитиoccupy [ˈɒkjupaɪ]займати(місце,

простір)offend [əˈfend]кривдити,ображатиperfection [pəˈfekʃn]удосконаленняtruly [ˈtruːli]правдиво,вірноrelease [rɪˈliːs]звільнятиrestoration [ˌrestəˈreɪʃn]відновленняseabed [ˈsiːbed]морськедноshadow [ˈʃædəʊ]тіньsuccessful [səkˈsesfl]успішнийquality [ˈkwɒləti]якість

engage with—займатися,братиучастьprocessing photographs—обробляти

фотографії

UNIT 5UKRAINEadapt [əˈdæpt]пристосовуватисяapproximately [əˈprɒksɪmətli]при-

близноarable [ˈærəbl]орнийautonomous [ɔːˈtɒnəməs]автономнийavoid [əˈvɔɪd]уникатиbear [beə(r)]ведмідьbirth [bɜːθ]народженняborder [ˈbɔːdə(r)]кордон,межуватиcircumstance [ˈsɜːkəmstəns]обставинаcompete [kəmˈpiːt]змагатися,брати

участьузмаганніconcerning [kənˈsɜːnɪŋ]щодо,щосто-

суєтьсяcondition [kənˈdɪʃn]умоваconstantly [ˈkɒnstəntli]постійно,без-

упинноcover [ˈkʌvə(r)]вкриватиcurrency [ˈkʌrənsi]валютаcurrent [ˈkʌrənt]сучаснийdeath [deθ]смертьdensity [ˈdensəti] густотаdependency [dɪˈpendənsi]підвладна

абозалежнакраїнаeast [iːst]східemployer [ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)]роботодавецьencourage [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ]заохочуватиestimate [ˈestɪmət] оцінка,попередній

підрахунокexpect [ɪkˈspekt]очікуватиexplanation [ˌekspləˈneɪʃn]пояснення,

роз’ясненняfeathers [ˈfeðə(r)s]пір’яfemale [ˈfiːmeɪl]жінкаfigures [ˈfɪɡə(r)s]кількісніданіflexible [ˈfleksəbl]гнучкийidentity [aɪˈdentɪti] ідентичністьinhabitants [ɪnˈhæbɪtənts]мешканці,

населенняinsect [ˈɪnsekt]комахаinvent [ɪnˈvent]винаходити,створювати

202

English-Ukrainian Dictionary

literacy [ˈlɪtərəsi]грамотністьmajor [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)]головний,великийmale [meɪl]чоловікminority [maɪˈnɒrəti](етнічна,націо-

нальна)меншина;меншістьmortality [mɔːˈtæləti]смертністьneighbouring [ˈneɪbərɪŋ]сусіднійnorth [nɔːθ]північoccupy [ˈɒkjupaɪ]займатиoxygen [ˈɒksɪdʒən]кисеньpercent [pəˈsent]відсотокplain [pleɪn]рівнинаplant [plɑːnt]рослинаplateau [ˈplætəʊ]платоproduce [prəˈdjuːs]створюватиrank [ræŋk]рядrate [reɪt]частка,коефіцієнт,інтенсив-

ністьreceptive [rɪˈseptɪv]сприйнятливийrepresent [ˌreprɪˈzent]зображувати,

представлятиroots [ruːts]корінняscale [skeɪl]шкалаshare [ʃeə(r)]часткаsignificantly [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli]істотно,

значноsituated [ˈsɪtʃueɪtɪd]розташованийsize [saɪz]розмір,величинаsouth [saʊθ]південьsubstitute [ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt]замінаurban [ˈɜːbən]міськийжитель,горо-

дянинvote [vəʊt]голосуватиwest [west]західworkforce [ˈwɜːkfɔːs]робітники according to—згіднозaverage age—середнійвікbe able to—бутиздатнимbe situated in—бутирозташованимуcope with—упоратися(зтруднощами)make up—складатиmedian age—середнійвікnatural resources—природніресурси

population rate—чисельністьнасе-лення

sea level—рівеньморяskilled in pottery—умілийугончарній

справіstretch through—простягатисячерезtend to—бутисхильним

UNIT 6UNITED KINGDOMallow [əˈlaʊ]дозволятиdecrease [dɪˈkriːs]зменшуватиdouble [ˈdʌbl]подвійнийdrop [drɒp]крапляelevation [ˌelɪˈveɪʃn]підвищення,висо-

чинаexcept [ɪkˈsept]крімhighlands [ˈhaɪləndz]гірськамісцевістьimprove [ɪmˈpruːv]покращуватиincrease [ɪnˈkriːs]зростанняindependent [ˌɪndɪˈpendənt]незалежнийinjure [ˈɪndʒə(r)]ушкодити,поранитиIreland [ˈaɪələnd]Ірландіяisland [ˈaɪlənd]острівknowledge [ˈnɒlɪdʒ]знанняmild [maɪld]м’якийmoderate [ˈmɒdərət]помірнийmultiple [ˈmʌltɪpl]множинний,числен-

нийprecipitation [prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn]випадання

опадів,опадиpredecessor [ˈpriːdəsesə(r)]попередникproject [ˈprɒdʒekt]проект,планrarely [ˈreəli]рідко,нечастоrural [ˈrʊərəl]сільськийsevere [sɪˈvɪə(r)]суворийtornado [tɔːˈneɪdəʊ]торнадо,смерчtotal [ˈtəʊtl]весь,цілийurban [ˈɜːbən]міський

be composed—складатисязbe separated—бутивідокремленим

203

79English-Ukrainian Dictionary

damage wheat crops—пошкоджуватипосівипшениці

gradual rise—поступовезростанняlarge hail—великийградseparated from—відокремленийвідtorrential rain—проливнийдощviolent storm—сильнийшторм

UNIT 7SCHOOL LIFEability [əˈbɪləti]здатністьaccomplishment [əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt]до-

сягненняaccuracy [ˈækjərəsi]старанністьaddiction [əˈdɪkʃn]залежністьadmiration [ˌædməˈreɪʃn]захоплення,

захватaesthetic [iːsˈθɛtɪk]естетичнийaid [eɪd]допомога,підтримкаapologize [əˈpɒlədʒaɪz]вибачатисяattend [əˈtend]відвідуватиaward [əˈwɔːd]нагородаbackground [ˈbækɡraʊnd]походженняbasics [ˈbeɪsɪks]основиbee [biː]бджолаbeer [bɪə(r)]пивоbeekeeping [ˈbiːkiːpɪŋ]бджільництвоbehaviour [bɪˈheɪvjə(r)]поведінка,

вчинкиboard [bɔːd]дошкаboast [boʊst]вихвалятисяcampus [ˈkæmpəs]кампус,територія

коледжу,університету,школи-інтер-нату

charges [tʃɑːdʒɪz] витратиCivics [ˈsɪvɪks]цивільнеправоcoeducational [ˌkəʊ edʒuˈkeɪʃənl] зі

спільнимнавчаннямcontribution [ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn]внесокcraft [krɑːft]ремеслоcyber-security [ˈsaɪbəsɪˈkjʊərəti]кібер-

безпекаdeliver [dɪˈlɪvə(r)]доставляти

device [dɪˈvaɪs]пристрій,прилад,ме-ханізм

discourage [dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ]відмовляти,знеохочувати

diverse [daɪˈvɜːs]різний,несхожийeducation [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn]освітаelective [ɪˈlektɪv] факультативнадис-

ципліна(ушколі,коледжі)encourage [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ]сприяти,підтри-

муватиentrance [ˈentrəns]вступenvironment [ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt]середо-

вище,оточенняequal [ˈiːkwəl]рівнийequipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt]обладнання,

оснащенняexist [ɪɡˈzɪst]існувати,бутиexperience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns]досвідflood [flʌd]повіньforbidden [fəˈbɪdn]забороненийfree [friː]безкоштовнийfunded [fʌndid]фінансованийgovernment [ˈɡʌvənmənt]урядgrade [ɡreɪd]оцінкаguardian [ˈɡɑːdiən]опікунharvest [ˈhɑːvɪst]збиративрожайheadmaster [ˌhedˈmɑːstə(r)]директорhoney [ˈhʌni]медimpact [ˌˈɪmpækt]впливinappropriate [ˌɪnəˈprəʊpriət]невідпо-

відний,недоречнийinstruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃn]інструкціяintroduce [ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs]впроваджуватиinvent [ɪnˈvent]винаходитиissue [ˈɪʃuː]питання,проблемаitem [ˈaɪtəm]предмет,річjewellery [ˈdʒuːəlri]коштовностіkindergarten [ˈkɪndəɡɑːtn]дитячий

садокknowledge [ˈnɒlɪdʒ]знанняlaw [lɔː]законlend [lend]позичатиlet [let]дозволятиmajority [məˈdʒɒrəti]більшість

204

English-Ukrainian Dictionary

mandatory [ˈmændətɔːri]обов’язковийmark [mɑːk]оцінкаmodest [ˈmɒdɪst]стриманий,скромнийnap [næp] дріматиnotify [ˈnəʊtɪfaɪ]повідомлятиoffensive [əˈfensɪv]образливийorder [ˈɔːdə(r)]порядок,наказoutline [ˈaʊtlaɪn]окреслюватиpatience [ˈpeɪʃns]терпіння,терплячістьpolite [pəˈlaɪt]ввічливий,чемнийprivate [ˈpraɪvət]приватнийproperty [ˈprɒpəti]власністьprovide [prəˈvaɪd]забезпечуватиpunishment [ˈpʌnɪʃmənt]покаранняpurpose [ˈpɜːpəs]мета,намірrap [ræp]стукатиreflect [rɪˈflekt]відображатиrefuse [rɪˈfjuːz]відмовлятиremain [rɪˈmeɪn]залишатисяrespect [rɪˈspekt]поважатиrespond [rɪˈspɒnd]відповідьrule [ruːl]правилоscholarship [ˈskɒləʃɪp]стипендіяselective [sɪˈlektɪv]вибірковийskip [skɪp]пропускатиsociety [səˈsaɪəti]організаціяstay [steɪ]залишатисяsucceed [səkˈsiːd]досягатиметиtax [tæks]податокtranscript [ˈtrænskrɪpt]розшифровкаtrouble [ˈtrʌbl]завдаватиклопотуtransfer [trænsˈfɜː(r)]переводити(по

навчанню)value [ˈvæljuː]цінуватиvolunteer [ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)]волонтерwander [ˈwɒndə(r)]блукатиworry [ˈwʌri]хвилюватисяyell [jel]кричати

cater for—обслуговуватиcomprehensive school—єдинасеред-

няшкола(уВеликійБританії)elementary science—елементарна

наука

enrol in school—вступитидошколиescape poverty—уникатибідностіnatural resources—природніресурсиnon fee-paying—заякийнепотрібно

платитиphysical disabilities—фізичнівадиplay truant—прогулюватиreport card—табельуспішностіschool leavers—випускникишкілseparate institutions—окреміна-

вчальнізакладиsingle-sex education—роздільне

навчанняtend to—схилятисядоtuition fees—вартістьнавчання

UNIT 8JOBSacceptable [əkˈseptəbl]прийнятний,

підходящийaccountant [əˈkaʊntənt]бухгалтерacquaintance [əˈkweɪntəns]знайомий,

знайомаactivity [ækˈtɪvəti]діяльністьadaptable [əˈdæptəbl]якийлегкоадап-

туєтьсяadvertisement [ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt]оголо-

шенняamount [əˈmaʊnt]кількістьbeforehand [bɪˈfɔːhænd]заздалегідьbooking [ˈbʊkɪŋ]замовленняbookkeeper [ˈbʊkkiːpə(r)]бухгалтерbrave [breɪv]сміливийbreath [breθ]дихатиbug [bʌɡ]несправність,недоробкаchallenging [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ]стимулюючийclient [ˈklaɪənt]клієнтcombine [kəmˈbaɪn]поєднуватиcompetition [ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn]змаганняcondition [kənˈdɪʃn]умоваconfident [ˈkɒnfɪdənt]упевненийconstructor [kənˈstrʌktə(r)]конструк-

тор,будівельник

205

79provide [prəˈvaɪd]забезпечуватиqualified [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd]кваліфікованийquotation [kwəʊˈteɪʃn]цитатаreference [ˈrefrəns]відгук,рекомендаціяrelated [rɪˈleɪtɪd]пов’язанийrelatively [ˈrelətɪvli]відносно,доситьrequire [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)]вимагатиrewarding [rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ]якийвинагороджуєsafety [ˈseɪfti]безпекаsalary [ˈsæləri]платняsatisfaction [ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn]задоволенняsave [seɪv]рятуватиschedule [ˈʃedjuːl]графік,розкладshift [ʃɪft]змінаsuccess [səkˈses]успіхtemporary [ˈtemprəri]тимчасовий

робітникterm [tɜːm]період,термінtrouble [ˈtrʌbl]трудністьumbrella [ʌmˈbrelə]парасолька

application form—заяваapply for a job—подаватизаявупро

прийомнароботуblue-collar jobs—«синійкомірець»,

робітникcarry out—виконувати,доводитидо

кінцяcoal miner—шахтарcovering letter—супровіднийлистcurriculum vitae—короткабіографіяdeal with—матисправузdrop litter—смітитиexhaust fumes—вихлопнігазиguests’ room—кімнатадлягостейmanual job—роботарукамиmother tongue—ріднамоваoffice job—офіснароботаstarting salary—початковаплатняwhite-collar jobs—конторськіпосади,

роботавустанові,«чиста»роботаwork shifts—робочізміни

English-Ukrainian Dictionary

contain [kənˈteɪn]міститиcourse [kɔːs]курсdangerous [ˈdeɪndʒərəs]небезпечнийdestination [ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn]місцепризна-

ченняdisease [dɪˈziːz]хворобаearn [ɜːn]зароблятиemployee [ɪmˈplɔɪiː]робітник,службо-

вецьentertainer [ˌentəˈteɪnə(r)]артист,кон-

ферансьєenvironment [ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt]середови-

ще,оточенняerror [ˈerə(r)]помилкаevaluate [ɪˈvæljueɪt]оцінюватиexperience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns]досвідexploring [ɪkˈsplɔː(r)ɪŋ]дослідженняextra [ˈekstrə]додатковийfailure [ˈfeɪljə(r)]невдахаfirefighter [ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)]пожежникfresh [freʃ]свіжийguide [ɡaɪd]гід,екскурсоводhate [heɪt]ненавидітиhire [ˈhaɪə(r)]найматиimmediately [ɪˈmiːdiətli]негайноimpression [ɪmˈpreʃn]враженняinquisitive [ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv]допитливий,

(надто)цікавийinvolve [ɪnˈvɒlv]міститиlitter [ˈlɪtə(r)]сміттяmarital [ˈmærɪtl]сімейний,подружнійmeans [miːnz]засіб,спосібmention [ˈmenʃn]зазначати,згадуватиnegotiate [nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt]обговорювати

умови,домовлятисяown [əʊn]власнийpassenger [ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)]пасажирperformance [pəˈfɔːməns]виставаpermanent [ˈpɜːmənənt]постійнийpersuade [pəˈsweɪd]переконатиplumber [ˈplʌmə(r)]водопровідникpromote [prəˈməʊt]підвищувати

(упосаді,ранзітощо)

REVISIONLesson1.SchoolLife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Lesson2.Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Lesson3.MassMedia(Press) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Lesson4.Lifestyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Lesson5Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Lesson6.Ukraine(CountryandPeople) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Lesson7.TheUnitedKingdom(CountryandPeople) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

UNIT 1. LifestyleLesson8.HealthyLifestyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Lesson9.Happy&Healthy.Simple Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Lesson10.ModernDayTeens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Lesson11.ParentsandChildren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Lesson12.ImprovingRelationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Lesson13.CommunicationTools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Lesson14.EffectiveCommunication.Word Order in Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Lesson15.TolerantAttitudetoOthers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Self-AssessmentModule1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

UNIT 2. FoodLesson16.HealthyFood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Lesson17.JunkFood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Lesson18.FoodforBrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Lesson19.GoodFood.May/Might . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Lesson20.FavouriteRecipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Lesson21.Cuisines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Lesson22.EatingOut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Lesson23.FavouriteDishesPast Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Self-AssessmentModule2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

UNIT 3. Mass MediaLesson24.MassMedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Lesson25.Television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Lesson26.TypesofTVProgrammes.Conditional Sentances. Type 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Lesson27.TypesofFilms.Adjectives Ending in -ed and -ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Lesson28.TypesofFilms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Lesson29.MeansofCommunication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Lesson30.RadioProgrammes.Passive Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Lesson31.Feelings&Emotions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Lesson32.SafeInternet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Self-AssessmentModule3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

UNIT 4. ArtLesson 33. Kinds of Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Lesson34.KindsofArt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Lesson35.Theatre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Lesson36.PaintinginGreatBritain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Lesson37.PaintinginUkraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Lesson38.FavouritePaintings.During. For. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Lesson39.InstallationArt.Throughout. During. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Lesson40.Museums. When. As Soon As. Till / Until . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Lesson41.ModernArt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Self-AssessmentModule4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

CONTENTS

UNIT 5. UkraineLesson42.CountriesoftheWorld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Lesson43.GeographyofUkraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Lesson44.ClimateandWeather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Lesson45.ThePopulationofUkraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Lesson46.UkrainePopulationClock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Lesson47.UkraineAgeStructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Lesson48.LiteracyofPopulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Lesson49.EthnicGroupsofUkraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Lesson50.Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Self-AssessmentModule5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

UNIT 6. The United KingdomLesson51.TheUK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Lesson52.ClimateandWeather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Lesson53.ClimateandWeather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Lesson54.ThePopulationoftheUK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Lesson55.EthnicGroupsintheUK.Conditional II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Lesson56.LiteracyofPopulationintheUK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Lesson57.AgeStructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Lesson58.Revision.Modal Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Self-AssessmentModule6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

UNIT 7. School LifeLesson59.FavouriteSubject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Lesson60.SchoolsinGreatBritain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Lesson61.Schools.to + Infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Lesson62.SchoolsareDifferent!Noun / Pronoun + to + Infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Lesson63.EducationinAmerica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Lesson64.SchoolsintheUSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Lesson65.SchoolRules.Passive Infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Lesson66.SchoolRules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Self-AssessmentModule7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

UNIT 8. JobsLesson67.PersonalProfile.Types of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Lesson68.TypesofJobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Lesson69.TypesofJobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Lesson70.TypesofJobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Lesson71.ChoosingaJob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Lesson72.MyFutureJob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Lesson73.Job’sDescription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Lesson74.ApplyingforaJob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Lesson75.CurriculumVitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Lesson76.CoveringLetter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Lesson77.ChoosingaJob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Lesson78.Interview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Lesson79.Interview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Self-AssessmentModule8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Tapescripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180GrammarReference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190IrregularVerbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196English-UkrainianDictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

CONTENTS

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