SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES ANDDENSITY

Ms. Copeland

Physical Science

STATES OF MATTER

KINETIC THEORY

Explains how particles in matter behave 3 assumptions needed:

1. All matter is composed of small particles2. Particles are in a constant, random motion3. Particles constantly colliding with each other

and their surrounds (container, other particles) Imagine a room full of tennis balls: They

are constantly bouncing and hitting walls and each other

THERMAL ENERGY

Causes all particles to vibrate Temperature is directly related with

thermal energy and particle vibration Water’s particles vibrate more slowly

when in the form of ice and faster when in the form of water vapor.

Temperature is the average kinetic energy found in a particle at a given time.

How would predict particles to behave at absolute 0 (-273.15 °C, 0° Kelvin)?

SOLIDS Most solids have a certain

pattern that they must arrange themselves

Solids automatically arrange themselves into this pattern when they cool

The shape a solid forms will determine it’s chemical properties and can give you clues about these properties

Have a definite shape and volume

LIQUIDS

Have the ability to flow: they can slide past each other

Particles have more kinetic energy than solids

Take shape of their container Have a definite volume

GASES

Have so much kinetic energy that they overcome any attractive forces between molecules

No fixed volume or shape Have the ability to flow Expand to fill entire container they are in

PLASMA

Most common state of matter in the universe Overall neutral charge Move extremely fast, thus have a very high

kinetic energy

HOW DO THINGS FLOAT?

Buoyancy is the upward force exerted on an object by a liquid.

When a boat floats, water is pushing it up. (pg. 485)

Archimedes Principle: An object will displace the same amount of water as it weighs. If an object weighs 5 grams it will displace ___ mL of water

When weight and water displaced is equal, an object floats.

What about if the weight of an object is more than the water it displaces?.

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DENSITY Dependant on how close together particles

are Does a block of wood weigh the same as a

block of steel? Differences in weight are due to densities. Which would float a wood block or a steel

block? Which is denser, the wood block, or the steel

block? Objects float when there are less dense than

the object they are placed in. Why do steel boats float?