s Truc t Integrity of Bldgs

8/11/2019 s Truc t Integrity of Bldgs

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Blue CircleTechnical Centre

Structural Integrity of Buildingsand Plant

Dr Max Blackler

Head of Civil EngineeringBCTC Greenhithe, UK

by


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Structural Integrity of Buildings and Plant

Bui ldings and Plant Structures do not last forever . What

we seek to achieve is rel iable service from these items

throughout the productive l i fe of the Plant.

Bui ldings and Plant Structures fail only rarely, but whenthey do, it usually makes headline news - something none

of us wants!

This Paper considers some of the issues that need to be

considered if the management of these assets is to beeffective and SAFE!


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Fitness for Purpose

Design Life

Changes that Occur

Causes of Degradation

Signs to Watch out for

Countermeasures

In this paper the following issues are considered:


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Load Carrying Capacity

Limiting Deflection

Durability

Codes of Practice

Quality of Construction

FITNESS FOR PURPOSE


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Typical heavy build up of dust


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Heavy Spillage on Open Grid Plant Floor


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Honeycombing in

Original Concrete

Beam


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Failure of interconnected

(Clustered) Silo for

Storage of Coal


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A New Multi

Compartment Siloin

which one of the

internal radial dividing

walls has torn wayfrom the outer wall


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A New Steel Silo that

developed a series of

Horizontal Folds as the topdescended 20ft towards the

Ground!


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60,000t Cement Storage Dome Collapsed

during Construction


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Twin Steel Hopper for Rail

Car Loading - Failed inthe Armpit between the

Two Pyramidal Bottoms


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Load Carrying Capacity

Limiting Deflection Durability

Codes of Practice

Quality of Construction

FITNESS FOR PURPOSE


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DESIGN LIFE

Operational life of the Plant Changes of Use

Fair Wear and Tear

Changes that Occur


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Note how theHorizontal Stiffeners

on this Feed Hopper

are not connected at

the corner


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CHANGES THAT OCCUR

Silos and Hoppers

Warehouse Buildings

Diagonal Bracing

Gypsum and Corrosives

Modifications to Machinery


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Kiln Feed Silo attacked by Acidic

Fumes from Baghouse


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200yds of 4x16 Line Pipe Collapsed onto Yard Area

when Retrofit Strongpoint let go


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THINGS THAT CAUSE DETERIORATION Water

Chemicals

- Gypsum

- Fluorspar

- Calcium Chloride/De-Icing Salt

- Sea Salt- Coal Leachate


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Water/Corrosion Damage to Rebar in

Concrete Column in Derelict Plant


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Reactive Chemical (Fluoride?) Stacked

against Kiln Pier

S i f i i


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Side of Kiln Pier eroded by Chemical Attack

S l I i f B ildi d Pl


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Typical Heat + Rain Damage on Kiln Roller Station

St t l I t it f B ildi d Pl t


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Back End of Kiln Floor Weakened by Chemical Attack

from Kiln Seal Leakage



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SIGNS TO WATCH OUT FOR:

Water

Line and Level

Cracks in Steelwork

Cracks in Concrete

Suspended Hoppers

Rectangular Hollow Steel Sections



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Heavy Dust Spillage+Rainwater Ponding on Silo Roof


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Str ct ral Integrit of B ildings and Plant


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Define and agree Performance Requirements before

Design is started Identify who is to do what before Project starts

Pre-qualify Bidders before Tender Invitation

Confirm Key Performance Requirements before

starting contract negotiations

COUNTERMEASURES



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Watch out for Water and deal with it properly

Apply Permit to Work Procedures

Train Operational Personnel in Structural Awareness

5Yearly Independent Structural Inspection Surveys

COUNTERMEASURES(cont.)



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Group of post-tensioned (Pre-Stressed) Silos - note

Pilasters in the Walls



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Fitness for Purpose

Design LifeChanges that Occur

Causes of Degradation

Signs to Watch out for

Countermeasures

We have now Looked at our L ist of I ssues. These were:


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