Item 1:

Use the table to answer the question.

      

Given the data in the table, which country is both a major producer and importer of oil?1. A.Russia

2. B.United States

3. C.Brazil

4. D.Japan

Item 2:

Use the table to answer the question.

      

Given the data in the table, which country is least likely to be a major oil exporter?1. A.Russia

2. B.Nigeria

3. C.Brazil

4. D.Norway

Item 3:

Which factor is least likely to reduce a high standard of living in a country with abundant natural resources?1. A.poor government policies

2. B.bad harvests

3. C.high taxes

4. D.low population growth

Item 4:

Which statement correctly describes how Japan’s high standard of living is related to Japanese natural resources?1. A.They are directly related because Japan exploits extensive coal deposits.

2. B.They are indirectly related because much of Japan’s wealth comes from manufacturing industries.

3. C.They are indirectly related because the foundation of Japan’s economy is commercial agriculture.

4. D.They are directly related because Japan profits from vast offshore petroleum reserves.

Item 5:

What causes the area inside the Arctic Circle to experience 24-hour daylight during the June solstice?1. A.Earth’s orbital position is closest to the Sun.

2. B.Earth’s axis tilts the north pole toward the Sun.

3. C.The Moon does not block any light from the Sun.

4. D.The Sun’s rays shine directly on the equator.

Item 6:

In recent decades, in which way have space satellites most significantly changed communication between regions?1. A.They help relay information from media sources clearer and faster.

2. B.They have improved the quality of information passed between regions.

3. C.They have made it easier to study conditions in outer space.

4. D.They make it possible to photograph Earth’s atmosphere and predict the weather.

Item 7: (DONE)

What is the primary way in which the Panama Canal increased interaction among regions of the world?1. A.providing jobs for workers around the world

2. B.making many destinations more accessible by ship

3. C.enabling instantaneous transmittal of information

4. D.enabling people of all ethnicities to settle in Panama

Item 8:

Which pattern of settlement emerged in connection with the 1848 discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill in Coloma, California?1. A.Prospectors traveling by boat landed in San Francisco, turning what had been

a small settlement into a boomtown.

2. B.The area around Sutter’s Mill teemed with prospectors who returned home when the “gold fever” died down.

3. C.Prospectors bypassed San Francisco and settled in Coloma to be nearer to the largest gold deposits.

4. D.When the gold veins were either exhausted or claimed, prospectors settled in southern California.

Item 9: (DONE)

In the 1800s, European settlers came in large numbers to the American Midwest in search of prosperity. What geographic features led to heavy settlement in this region?1. A.marine life

2. B.dense forests

3. C.fertile prairies

4. D.precious metals

Item 10:

Use the line graph to answer the question.

      

Assuming population growth continued at a similar rate as in the prior decades, what is the estimated population of Ecuador in 2005?1. A.10,500,000

2. B.11,500,000

3. C.13,500,000

4. D.17,500,000

Item 11:

Central America is periodically disturbed by the shifting of continental plates. What does this suggest about risk factors in Central America?1. A.There is a high risk of earthquakes.

2. B.There is a low risk of volcanic eruptions.

3. C.There is a high risk of destructive hurricanes.

4. D.There is a low risk of soil erosion.

Item 12:

Many immigrants who came to North America in the nineteenth century settled in the American Midwest and the Canadian prairies. Which pull factor most likely brought immigrants to these specific areas?1. A.large urban centers

2. B.farming opportunities

3. C.warmer climate

4. D.the Great Lakes

Item 13:

What was a prevailing push factor in the Mormon migration from Illinois to Utah?1. A.escape from persecution

2. B.poor farmland

3. C.government assistance

4. D.failing industries

Item 14: (DONE)

Approximately 70% of the energy needs in some countries are met by burning wood, which causes deforestation and harms the environment. Which alternative energy source would have the least impact on the environment?1. A.burning coal

2. B.nuclear fission

3. C.solar cells

4. D.burning oil

Item 15: (DONE)

A city lies on a fault line but has not experienced a major earthquake for many years. Which action would be best for the city to take now to prevent property damage during a possible earthquake in the future?1. A.Acquire technology to detect warning signs in advance.

2. B.Develop an extensive disaster cleanup plan.

3. C.Design structures that can withstand extreme stress.

4. D.Create an emergency response plan to provide essential services.

Item 16: (DONE)

As the U.S. population grows, the use of groundwater in the western states will also increase mainly due to1. A.the unpredictable flooding of rivers and lakes.

2. B.the need to irrigate semiarid farmland for raising crops.

3. C.the difficulty of obtaining freshwater from wells.

4. D.the fact that groundwater is a renewable resource.

Item 17:

The Arab world includes many countries in the Middle East and North Africa, where geography, cultures, and populations vary in significant ways. What factor links these regions?1. A.a single continent

2. B.a common currency

3. C.a single government

4. D.a common language

Item 18:

The English began to colonize Northern Ireland when King James I rewarded his Protestant subjects with lands seized from Irish Catholics. This information supports the conclusion that the long-standing divisions in Northern Ireland are closely related to1. A.trade disputes.

2. B.religious tensions.

3. C.language barriers.

4. D.geographic boundaries.

Item 19:

In 1849, prospectors from throughout the world migrated to California to search for gold. Which migration most closely resembled the California gold rush in terms of its cause?1. A.the Dust Bowl migration of the 1930s

2. B.the East Texas Oil Boom migration of the 1930s

3. C.the Great Migration of African Americans to the northern United States in the early 1900s

4. D.the Trail of Tears migration of American Indians in 1831

Item 20:

Patterns of immigration to the United States have changed considerably since the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, there was less immigration to the United States from which region than there was during the nineteenth century?1. A.Southeast Asia

2. B.Europe

3. C.Mexico

4. D.India

Item 21: (DONE)

Which technology was not directly made possible by the invention of the steam engine?1. A.hydroelectric dams

2. B.railroads

3. C.paddle-wheel boats

4. D.ironclad warships

Item 22: (DONE)

In the 1840s, telegraph poles and wires began crowding the rural and urban landscapes of nations around the world. Which type of power was most directly responsible for making the telegraph possible?1. A.coal

2. B.nuclear

3. C.steam

4. D.electric

Item 23:

In the 1930s, the Great Plains in the United States was nicknamed the Dust Bowl due to1. A.a series of hurricanes that destroyed small towns.

2. B.a drought that drove farmers off their land.

3. C.a series of diseases affecting livestock.

4. D.an area of mining that was harmful to residents.

Item 24:

In 1960, about 22% of the Brazilian population lived in cities. By 1995, this figure rose to over 75%. What was the most significant cause of this change in Brazil?1. A.the destruction of large portions of the rain forest

2. B.a lack of natural resources

3. C.the continued industrialization of the country

4. D.climate change due to global warming

Item 25:

The government of the United Kingdom established a number of new towns following World War II. These new towns most likely caused the populations of the United Kingdom’s large urban areas to1. A.grow slowly after the war.

2. B.suffer severe overcrowding.

3. C.benefit from increased employment.

4. D.drop significantly.

Item 26: (DONE)

Water usage is a growing area of environmental concern. Worldwide shortages of available freshwater have resulted in1. A.a growing dependency on seawater.

2. B.an increase in the spread of infectious diseases.

3. C.worldwide expansion of irrigated crops.

4. D.population shifts away from coastal areas.

Item 27: (DONE)

Man-made chemicals can be found in surface water and groundwater. For human consumption, the biggest issue with the chemicals in most water is1. A.taste.

2. B.color.

3. C.safety.

4. D.flow.

Item 28:

Which country is considered a developed nation based on its per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and its rating on the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI)?1. A.Country A with $12,200 per capita GDP and 0.837 HDI

2. B.Country B with $7,500 per capita GDP and 0.806 HDI

3. C.Country C with $200 per capita GDP and 0.513 HDI

4. D.Country D with $36,900 per capita GDP and 0.959 HDI

Item 29:

Which country would be considered a developed nation based on its per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and its position on the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI)?1. A.Country A with $36,500 per capita GDP and 0.947 HDI

2. B.Country B with $11,500 per capita GDP and 0.854 HDI

3. C.Country C with $5,400 per capita GDP and 0.703 HDI

4. D.Country D with $500 per capita GDP and 0.442 HDI

Item 30:

In the 1980s, Japan’s Kyushu Agricultural Policy Bureau recommended a tidal dam construction project to reclaim coastal wetlands. Unfortunately, the dam resulted in the loss of fish, bivalve, and seaweed species in the area, sparking a protest by local fishermen. This information supports the conclusion that1. A.it is more important to support human welfare than to conserve land.

2. B.the program failed to take the fragility of ecosystems into account.

3. C.

damage to wetlands areas can never be reversed by government policies.

4. D.the tidal dam construction project was basically successful, despite habitat disruption.

Item 31:

The National Park Service was founded in 1916 and is dedicated to protecting land and wildlife. The National Park Service now includes over eighty-four million acres of protected land. Which conclusion does this information support?

1. A.Federal programs protect all wilderness areas.

2. B.All national parks were established by 1916.

3. C.The National Park Service has created protected areas in every state.

4. D.The government has had a major impact on wilderness conservation.

Item 32: (DONE)

Soil erosion is a serious problem in semi-arid regions because it threatens crop production and can lead to famine. Which action can be a possible solution to the problem of erosion?1. A.grazing cattle on semi-arid land

2. B.stripping wild plants and trees for food sources

3. C.building urban centers on eroded areas

4. D.planting trees to hold back advancing desert areas

Item 33: (Done)

Wave action can erode shorelines. As a result, wave action can result in1. A.the creation of deep underwater trenches.

2. B.the loss of fish habitats.

3. C.the loss of private property.

4. D.the expansion of floodplains.

Item 34: (DONE)

Prior to the construction of the Panama Canal, the 1903 Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty gave the United States permanent control of the Canal Zone for a one-time payment of $10 million plus an annual fee of $250,000. In 1964, Panamanians rioted over this treaty. What was the basis of their objection?1. A.They wanted to renegotiate for greater financial compensation.

2. B.They were concerned that the canal would be used to transport weapons.

3. C.They feared that the United States would extend its control to the rest of the country.

4. D.They believed that sovereignty over the Canal Zone should be returned to Panama.

Item 35:

Use the population pyramid to answer the question.

The data in this population pyramid most likely represent a country with1. A.a high immigration rate.

2. B.a low birth rate.

3. C.wide access to health care.

4. D.low economic development.

Item 36:

In 1985, migratory bird populations in North America had dropped to record lows. Recognizing the importance of these birds and the need for international cooperation to help in the recovery of a shared resource, the U.S., Mexican, and Canadian governments developed a treaty to restore the populations through habitat protection, restoration, and enhancement. Such treaties are important because they1. A.abolish limits on the number of birds that can be hunted.

2. B.ensure that bird species will receive equal protection in all participating nations.

3. C.enable nations to manage the size of bird populations.

4. D.allow researchers to track the spread of disease through bird migrations.

Item 37:

How did the Mississippi River affect nineteenth century commerce in the United States?1. A.It prevented trade between eastern and western states.

2. B.It made freight railroads obsolete.

3. C.It allowed direct river transport among twenty-seven states.

4. D.It provided an efficient method of transporting goods.

Item 38:

The Nile River helped the Ancient Egyptian civilization develop by1. A.protecting communities from wildlife.

2. B.providing a major transportation route.

3. C.making crop irrigation unnecessary.

4. D.protecting farmers from disease.

Item 39:

Throughout history, Japan’s economy has been limited by its1. A.restricted military.

2. B.harsh climate.

3. C.resource scarcity.

4. D.rugged coastline.

Item 40:

Which geographical feature played the least significant role in drawing settlers to California in the nineteenth century?1. A.mountain ranges

2. B.mild climate

3. C.gold deposits

4. D.arable land

Item 41:

The city of Venice, Italy, is built on a lagoon. The city is slowly drowning due to flooding from rising seas and high tides. To combat the flooding, the Italian government is installing a series of underwater gates that can rise to keep the Adriatic Sea out of the Venetian lagoon during high tides. What is one potential downside to this plan?1. A.Tourism might decrease because the flooding is now considered part of the

city’s historical charm.

2. B.Cutting off the lagoon’s waters from the Adriatic could lead to dangerous levels of pollution in the lagoon.

3. C.Blocking access to the Adriatic could significantly lower the water levels in Venice’s canals and make transportation within the city impossible.

4. D.The commercial fishing stocks in the canals would soon become endangered.

Item 42:

The 1940s saw the introduction of synthetic chemical pesticides in agriculture. Over time, many agricultural pests have become resistant to these pesticides. One practical and long-term method of countering this threat is to1. A.develop more powerful chemicals to tackle agricultural pests.

2. B.encourage crop management based on the properties of a farm’s ecosystem.

3. C.genetically engineer crops that no agricultural pests can infect.

4. D.grow crops in indoor facilities that agricultural pests cannot penetrate.

Item 43:

Which geographic feature contributed most to the development of the major early civilizations in Africa and Asia?1. A.mountain ranges

2. B.natural harbors

3. C.river valleys

4. D.temperate forests

Item 44:

In southwestern California, dry, hot, and dusty winds called Santa Anas blow westward from the deserts out to sea. What is one way the Santa Ana winds impact the people and resources of the region?1. A.The Santa Anas increase the danger of wildfires, which destroy homes and

wildlife habitats.

2. B.Storm clouds bringing torrential rains are pulled behind the winds, causing mudslides that destroy homes and communities.

3. C.The Santa Anas blow with hurricane-level strength, damaging property and disrupting the area’s economy.

4. D.The heat and dust blown out to the ocean disrupt the local fishing industry.

Item 45: (DONE)

Natural resources are being depleted, and there is growing concern over what will happen as they continue to diminish. Why are environmentalists more concerned about “nonrenewable” resources than other kinds of resources?1. A.Nonrenewable resources include such necessary elements as air, water, and

plant life.

2. B.Nonrenewable resources are used in greater amounts than natural resources.

3. C.Nonrenewable resources have the largest environmental impact.

4. D.Nonrenewable resources take a very long time to replenish naturally.

Item 46: (Done)

In a debate about a type of mining called mountaintop removal, a supporter of the practice claims that the unwanted dirt and rock poured into adjacent valleys does not harm the environment. Which point would best counter that claim?1. A.The unwanted dirt and rock is not native to the valley.

2. B.The unwanted dirt and rock poses a threat to surrounding communities.

3. C.The unwanted dirt and rock can harm fragile ecosystems.

4. D.The unwanted dirt and rock spoils the natural beauty of the valley.

Item 47:

Which countries are transitioning from command to market economies?1. A.South Korea and Thailand

2. B.Norway and Finland

3. C.Belgium and France

4. D.Ukraine and Lithuania

Item 48:

The China-Africa Cooperation Forum of 2000 paved the way for increased trade between the two regions. China hopes that this expanded trade will help to address China’s energy needs. Which African exports are most likely sought by China?

1. A.textiles and hardware

2. B.agricultural products

3. C.oil and gas

4. D.medical equipment

Item 49:

Why does the United States import certain products that it is capable of producing?1. A.The United States wants to contribute to economies in foreign countries.

2. B.The United States knows other countries can produce goods at lower costs.

3. C.The United States supports the concept of absolute advantage.

4. D.The United States realizes that importing is automatic protection from any trade deficits.

Item 50:

In the eighteenth century, Britain’s struggle with France to colonize India was motivated mainly by1. A.Britain’s desire to import rare Indian wildlife.

2. B.the demand for inexpensive Indian cotton.

3. C.Britain’s desire to export spices to India.

4. D.the demand for ancient relics from India.

Item 51:

How do the differing economic systems of North and South Korea reflect historical tensions between the two countries?1. A.The Soviets set up communism in the North, and the United States supported

a market economy in the South.

2. B.The different ethnic groups of the two areas value different economic systems.

3. C.A command system was more suitable for the industrial North than a free market system.

4. D.The unique languages of each country reflect different economic ideals.

Item 52:

In 1959, Cuba underwent a revolution and adopted a new economic system. How did this affect relations between Cuba and the United States?1. A.The United States gained new economic opportunities in Cuba.

2. B.Cuba’s new economic system and choice of allies led to conflict with the United States.

3. C.Refugees from Cuba hoped to change the economy of the United States.

4. D.Cuba depended on the United States to help its new economy to function.

Item 53:

What physical feature of Vietnam was most useful to guerilla fighters’ tactics during the Vietnam War?1. A.dense forests

2. B.extensive coastline

3. C.open fields

4. D.river deltas

Item 54:

The Soviet Union dominated Eastern Europe for decades, but the Soviet Union’s weak economy eventually undermined the government’s power. What was an additional factor that contributed to the breakup of the Soviet Union?1. A.the end of the cold war between the superpowers

2. B.the production of low-quality goods by collectivized industries

3. C.Khrushchev’s refusal to support China’s nuclear program

4. D.the rise of nationalism in many satellite countries

Item 55: (DONE)

Which nickname belongs to a region in the United States known for its rich soil and a climate advantageous to farming?1. A.Rust Belt

2. B.Sun Belt

3. C.Bread Basket

4. D.Dust Bowl

Item 56: (DONE)

Many steel companies and other manufacturers are based in the Northeast, Midwest, and Mid-Atlantic states. This area was labeled the “Rust Belt” in the 1970s as a result of which factor?1. A.Cities developed in once-rural areas.

2. B.Numerous factories closed down.

3. C.Industrial activity led to water scarcity.

4. D.Pollution altered the physical landscape.

Item 57: (DONE)

The South American country of Brazil was a colony of Portugal for over three hundred years. This information best supports the conclusion that1. A.Brazil has been strongly influenced by Portuguese culture.

2. B.Brazil is still subject to Portuguese law.

3. C.Brazilians, like most South Americans, typically speak Spanish.

4. D.Most Brazilians are of pure Portuguese descent.

Item 58:

Several regions, including Egypt, Sumer, and India, have been called “the cradle of civilization.” Which sentence best describes why these regions have this label?1. A.They developed cultures that have flourished in the modern era.

2. B.They have the highest birth rates in the world.

3. C.They have greater agricultural output than most regions.

4. D.They gave rise to major societies in ancient times.

Item 59: (Done)

Which ocean is located directly to the west of Africa?1. A.Atlantic Ocean

2. B.Indian Ocean

3. C.Pacific Ocean

4. D.Southern Ocean

Item 60:

Which geographic feature made Italy a leader in trade during the Renaissance?1. A.shared borders with many European countries

2. B.an abundance of natural resources

3. C.mountain ranges bordering outside nations

4. D.access to the Mediterranean Sea

Item 61:

Use the map to answer the question.

Which series of roads is the shortest driving route from Lubbock to Austin?1. A.87 to 190 to 183

2. B.87 to 190 to 35

3. C.87 to 277 to 10 to 35

4. D.87 to 83 to 10 to 35

Item 62:

Use the map to answer the question.

Which of the given paths is the shortest route from McCrea to Lacour?1. A.Route 417 north to Route 970 north to Route 1 south to Route 419 east

2. B.Route 417 south to Route 418 north to Route 1 south to Route 972 north

3. C.Route 417 south to Route 419 east to Route 1 south to Route 972 north

4. D.Route 417 north to Route 970 north to Route 1 south to Route 972 north

Item 63: (Done)

To which component of Earth’s physical systems does Antarctic glacier ice belong?1. A.atmosphere

2. B.lithosphere

3. C.hydrosphere

4. D.biosphere

Item 64: (DONE)

To which component of Earth’s physical systems does igneous rock belong?1. A.atmosphere

2. B.lithosphere

3. C.hydrosphere

4. D.biosphere

Item 65:

Use the map to answer the question.

How does the geography of Belarus affect its trade opportunities?1. A.It borders only two other countries.

2. B.It has no direct ocean access.

3. C.It has no access to river shipping.

4. D.It is distant from large markets.

Item 66:

Use the map to answer the question.

Based on the map, which geographic characteristic of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has the greatest impact on its people and the way in which they live?1. A.few rivers

2. B.centrally located capital city

3. C.extensive Atlantic coastline

4. D.tropical climate

Item 67:

Use the maps to answer the question.

The atlas map and the political map both show the state of Louisiana. Which statement describes one of the main differences between the maps?1. A.Only the political map shows the distance between various points.

2. B.Only the atlas indicates major cities in Louisiana.

3. C.Only the atlas map shows major highways.

4. D.Only the political map clearly indicates the relative sizes of bodies of water.

Item 68:

Which type of map is most useful for locating major industries in a country?1. A.annual precipitation map

2. B.economic activity map

3. C.population density map

4. D.natural resource map

Item 69:

When New Orleans was acquired as part of the Louisiana Purchase, the city’s importance as a trade center grew because key inland valleys in existing U.S. territory were connected to the city by1. A.roads.

2. B.railways.

3. C.rivers.

4. D.lakes.

Item 70:

Use the diagrams to answer the question.

      

According to the diagrams, how do El Niño conditions differ from normal weather conditions?1. A.Wind currents blow from east to west, and tropical rains shift westward.

2. B.Heavy rains batter Indonesia.

3. C.Warm surface water accumulates in the eastern Pacific.

4. D.Storm systems move in from the north, bringing colder temperatures.

Item 71:

Which graph shows that technology and machinery make up nearly 30 percent of U.S. exports to China?

1. A.

2. B.

3. C.

4. D.

Item 72:

Information about the relative location of a place indicates its location with respect to1. A.a longitudinal line.

2. B.a point with a known position.

3. C.the prime meridian.

4. D.the nearest perceived region.

Item 73:

Which two countries are in the same time zone?

1. A.New York and Chile

2. B.England and Portugal

3. C.Japan and China

4. D.Peru and Argentina

Item 74:

Use the map to answer the question.

What is the approximate distance between Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Springfield, Illinois?1. A.   650 miles

2. B.   900 miles

3. C.1,300 miles

4. D.1,500 miles

Item 75:

Use the map to answer the question.

Which area in Canada is most likely to have the highest population density?1. A.the vast area of the Canadian Shield

2. B.the area around the St. Lawrence River valley

3. C.the Appalachian Mountain region in the east

4. D.the plains immediately east of the Rocky Mountains

Item 76:

Use the map to answer the question.

Based on its geographic location, the economy of Cape Town, South Africa, most likely developed due to the town’s position as a

1. A.port site.

2. B.farming region.

3. C.river site.

4. D.mining region.

Item 77:

Use the passage to answer the question.

      

Given the information in this passage about the iron ore reserves in one Asian country, what will most likely be the country’s main strategy for maintaining iron ore supplies in the future?1. A.exporting large amounts of iron ore

2. B.searching for iron ore within the country

3. C.developing other resources to substitute for iron ore

4. D.importing most of the iron ore it needs

Item 78:

Abu Dhabi, one of the seven emirates that comprise the United Arab Emirates, enjoys a high standard of living largely based on its exploitation of which natural resource?1. A.iron ore

2. B.pearls

3. C.diamonds

4. D.oil

Item 79:

Which factor explains seasonal climate differences in Earth’s middle latitudes?1. A.the tilt of Earth’s axis

2. B.the distance between Earth and the Sun

3. C.the Sun’s intensity at the equator

4. D.the angle of incidence at Earth’s poles

Item 80:

The Internet has increased interaction among people of different regions of the world by improving1. A.research tools.

2. B.cultural sensitivity.

3. C.scientific discoveries.

4. D.instant communication.

Item 81:

Why were trading posts and general stores established throughout the western United States during the gold rush?1. A.They were built by millionaires who made their fortunes from mining.

2. B.They were meant to supply women with necessities for frontier homes.

3. C.They made profits by stocking supplies needed to equip miners.

4. D.They were opened by immigrants who settled along waterways.

Item 82:

Use the population pyramids to answer the question.

According to the population pyramids, which statement is true?1. A.Country B has a much higher birth rate than Country A.

2. B.People born in Country B have a higher chance of living into their 80s than people born in Country A.

3. C.The number of men in Country A will most likely rise in the future.

4. D.Country A and Country B have almost the same total population.

Item 83:

What geographic phenomenon creates the Ring of Fire around the Pacific Ocean?1. A.tsunamis

2. B.tectonic plate movement

3. C.sandstone island groups

4. D.deep underwater trenches

Item 84:

Beginning in February 1942, more than 110,000 people of Japanese descent living in the United States were forced to leave their homes and live in internment camps. This action was prompted by1. A.the government’s desire to deport illegal Japanese immigrants.

2. B.the government’s fear that Japan would invade the U.S. mainland to liberate Japanese Americans.

3. C.the government's desire to protect Japanese Americans from violence after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.

4. D.the government’s fear that Japanese Americans would undermine the U.S. war effort.

Item 85:

When a natural disaster hits a community, why is establishing a central field office the first responsibility of the local emergency services?1. A.It gives state and federal officials a place to meet when they are needed.

2. B.It serves as a starting place for victims applying for disaster recovery grants.

3. C.It enables first responders to communicate with each other efficiently.

4. D.It is used as the site for crisis counseling for disaster victims.

Item 86:

Tension among the Sunni and Shia (or Shiite) sects of Islam has resulted in violent confrontations and attacks by radicals in numerous parts of the Muslim world. What is the fundamental issue dividing these sects of Islam?1. A.the nature of the supreme being

2. B.the true leader of the religion

3. C.which of the Five Pillars is most important

4. D.whether they should try to convert non-Muslims to Islam

Item 87:

Which physical characteristic is not a reason early human societies settled on floodplains?1. A.nutrient-rich soil

2. B.access to transportation

3. C.water for irrigation

4. D.natural levees

Item 88:

Use the passage to answer the question.

According to the passage, what is the most likely reason people moved to Texas cities between 1992 and 2002?1. A.availability of jobs in technology

2. B.increased access to farmland

3. C.opportunities in petroleum refining

4. D.desire to live in mid-size metro areas

Item 89:

In 2009, researchers concluded that severe air pollution in eastern China has reduced the number of days of light rainfall per year in that region by 23 percent over the past fifty years. This reduction in rainfall has led to concerns that1. A.pollution has caused winters to be harsher in the region.

2. B.fewer rainy days has resulted in insufficient water reservoirs.

3. C.the production of acid rain in the region will decrease.

4. D.pollution has caused agricultural output in the region to fall significantly.

Item 90:

Last year, country A had a per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $1,200, while country B had a per capita GDP of $34,200. Which description is most likely correct?1. A.Country A is developing and country B is developed.

2. B.Country A is developed and country B is developing.

3. C.Both country A and country B are developed.

4. D.Both country A and country B are developing.

Item 91:

Desertification is a natural process that is often accelerated by human activities, including farming and overgrazing livestock. How does desertification affect humans?1. A.Land irrigation becomes more efficient.

2. B.Some areas become agriculturally unproductive.

3. C.Winter becomes shorter in affected areas.

4. D.Drought-resistant crops become easier to grow.

Item 92:

In 1947, the British House of Commons ordered the partitioning of India into two nations. Lord Mountbatten, the last viceroy of India, supported the partition, while Mohandas Gandhi opposed the partition. Mountbatten’s support was based on1. A.his belief that Hindus and Muslims would be unable to coexist peacefully.

2. B.his fear that a unified India would wield too much power in the region.

3. C.his belief that the Muslim League was opposed to the partition.

4. D.his desire to lessen the influence of Gandhi in the region’s politics.

Item 93:

Use the table to answer the question.

      

Based on the information in the table, which set of national population growth characteristics best fits stage 4?1. A.1.2% birth rate, 1.1% death rate, 0.3% growth rate

2. B.3.9% birth rate, 1.1% death rate, 2.9% growth rate

3. C.4.1% birth rate, 4.1% death rate, 0.1% growth rate

4. D.4.3% birth rate, 1.1% death rate, 3.0% growth rate

Item 94:

Use the map to answer the question.

       

The map shows several villages in one region. The people from which village are most likely to speak a different language than the people from the other three villages?1. A.village A

2. B.village B

3. C.village C

4. D.village D

Item 95:

Oases located along the Silk Road in the deserts of Central Asia offered travelers1. A.mild climates.

2. B.food resources.

3. C.sturdy shelter.

4. D.trade goods from the Americas.

Item 96: (Done)

Which strategy would be most effective for minimizing injuries caused by tornadoes?1. A.Implement early forecasting systems.

2. B.Avoid building along likely tornado paths.

3. C.Utilize lightweight temporary structures.

4. D.Add large glass windows to buildings.

Item 97:

Use the table to answer the question.

Based on the data in the table, which country most likely has the highest standard of living?1. A.Myanmar

2. B.Vietnam

3. C.Papua New Guinea

4. D.Laos

Item 98:

During the Middle Ages, the city of Bruges, Belgium, was a significant port city made wealthy through world trade. By the 1500s, the city experienced a serious economic decline. What natural process was the cause of this decline?1. A.sediment clogged the Zwin River, Bruges’ outlet to the sea

2. B.successive crop failures due to a severe drought

3. C.violent North Sea storms that obliterated Bruges’ harbor

4. D.an earthquake that destroyed the city’s commercial center

Item 99:

Deforestation is the intentional or unintentional destruction of natural-growth forest. Deforestation has been an issue for environmental activists for decades. One of the major causes of deforestation is1. A.plant and tree diseases.

2. B.forest fires.

3. C.agriculture and cattle raising.

4. D.flooding.

Item 100:

In which part of the world are traditional economies most common?1. A.Western Europe

2. B.Australia

3. C.Sub-Saharan Africa

4. D.East Asia