Upload
luis-barriga
View
227
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 1/17
Opuntia ficus indica and Opuntia macrorhiza :
Promising Sources of Flavonols –
Comparison between varieties from different origins
Tamer Moussa-Ayoub1,2, Sascha Rohn3, El-Sayed Abd El-Hady2,
Helmy Omran2, Salah El-Samahy2, Lothar W. Kroh1
1Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Berlin, Germany.
2Suez Canal University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Food Technology, Ismailia, Egypt.
3Universität Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg, Germany.
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 2/17
Flavonoids
O
OH
HO
O
R1 R
2
Flavanone
O
OH
HO
O
OH
R2
R1
Flavone
O
R2
R3
OR
1
Isoflavone
O
OH
HO
O
OH
OH
R2
R1
Flavonole
Flavan-3-ole (Catechine)
OH
R2
R1
HO
OH
O
OR3
X-
+O
OH
OH
OH
HO
R1
R2
Anthocyanidine
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 3/17
Physiological Properties
Far most important: Antioxidant Activity
Besides
or
to someextentbasis for
Anticarcinogenic,
Antimicrobial, Antiallergenic, Antiviral,
Antithrombotic Properties
Antiinflammatory, Immunmodulatory Effects
Estrogenic activity
Enzyme-inhibition
+
-
-
O
O
OH
OH
OH- / O2
+H- e--/
O
O
+H- e--/
OH- / O2
HO
O
OH
O
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 4/17
Cactus pear plant
Cactus Pear plant Opuntia spp.manifold species
and varieties
Cactaceae
Opuntia ficus indica
(Indian fig)
Cladode
Fruit
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 5/17
Problems
Only a few investigations in the literature
deal with flavonoids of cactus pear speciesand varieties
- most of them used acidic hydrolysis for the determination of aglycons
Many investigations interested only in analyzingpigments (betacyanins and betxanthins)
- few investigations on physiological properties (e.g. antioxidantactivity)
- controversial results: Some say „quercetin“, some say „kaempferol“and some say „ isorhamnetin“
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 6/17
Aims
Only a few investigations in the literature
deal with flavonoids of cactus pear varieties andspecies
- Identification of flavonol compounds
- Comparison of varieties of different origin
- Developing a comparitive and soft hydrolysis method
- Comparison with O. macrorhiza
- Determination of the antioxidant activity
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 7/17
Flavonols in O. ficus indica peel
1
2
1
1
1
(1) isorhamnetin glycosides, (2) isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 8/17
Flavonols in O. ficus indica peel
1
2
(1) isorhamnetin glycosides, (2) isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, (3) isorhamnetin.
1
1
1
3
Before (A) and after (B) enzymatic hydrolysis
(A) (B)
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 9/17
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 10/17
Flavonols in O. ficus indica from different origins
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Cladode(R, Egypt)
Cladode(Y, Egypt)
Peel(R, Egypt)
Peel(Y, Egypt)
Peel(R, Sicily)
Peel(Y, Sicily)
Peel(R, S. Africa)
Peel(Y, S. Africa)
i
s o r h a m n e t i n ( µ g / 1 0 0 m g )
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 11/17
Antioxidant activity (ESR Spectroscopy) of both peels
and pulps of O. ficus indica from different origins
Peel Pulp
Degradation (%) of fremy’s salt radical (1mM) after 15 min by diluted extracts (1:15)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Peel (red,Egypt(
Pulp (red,Egypt(
Peel (ye-or, Egypt(
Pulp (ye-or, Egypt(
Peel (red,Sicily(
Pulp (red,Sicily(
Peel (ye-or, Sicily(
Pulp(ye-or,Sicily(
Peel (gr-wh, Sicily(
Pulp (gr-wh, Sicily(
F r
e m y ' s s a l t r a d i c a l d e g r a d a t i o n
Plant tissue
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 12/17
O. ficus indica vs. O. macrorhiza
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 13/17
Flavonols in O. ficus indica and O. macrorhiza
1
2
(1) isorhamnetin glycosides, (2) isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside
1
1
1
O. ficus indica O. macrorhiza
2
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 14/17
Betacyanins in O. ficus indica and O. macrorhiza
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Beta vulgaris
O. macrorhiza O. ficus indica (R, Sicily)
O. ficus indica (R, Egypt)
O. macrorhiza O. ficus indica (R, Sicily)
O. ficus indica (R, Egypt)
R a t i o o f t o t a l b e t a c y a n
i n s
cactus pulp cactus peel
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 15/17
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Peel (Purple,Egypt(
Pulp (Purple,Egypt(
Peel (red,Egypt(
Pulp (red,Egypt(
Peel (red,Sicily(
Pulp (red,Sicily(
F r e m y ' s s a l t d e g r a d a t i o n ( 1 0 0 % )
Plant tissue
Antioxidant activity (ESR Spectroscopy) of O. ficus
indica and O. macrorhiza
Peel Pulp
Degradation (%) of fremy’s salt radical (1mM) after 15 min by diluted extracts (1:15)
7/27/2019 s34- Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Macrorhiza
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/s34-opuntia-ficus-indica-and-opuntia-macrorhiza 16/17
Summary
- Opuntia ssp.: Promising sources of bioactive flavonols
- Enzymatic hydrolysis more soft than acidic hydrolysis for thedetermination of flavonol aglycons (no formation of degradation products)
- Dominant flavonol: Isorhamnetin
- O. macrorhiza comparatively highest in betcyanins andantioxidant activity