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SACRAMENTO PLANT
PROPOSAL 1\I0„ RN-66250
SYNTHESIS OF CALCULATION METHODS FOR THE
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RADIATION SHIELDS FOR
NUCLEAR ROCKET SYSTEMS
SUBMITTED TO
MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
VOLUME I - TECHNICAL
MARCH 1966
f» 1 R ^ T ' ^ t e ^
FILE COPY Do not remove from
R£ON Technical Information Center Aerojet-General Corporation
AEROJET-GENERAL CORPORATION S A C R A M E N T O C A L I F O R N I A
\
'Df'i Of THIS OOCi.JMFNT !S UNn^^T'-'^
TECHNICAL DOCUMENT CENTER Nuclear Rocket Operations
DOC. NO AGCS 0120-48 '' \
DISCLAIMER
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document.
This document and the data furnished shall not be disclosed outside the Government or be reproduced, used or disclosed in whole or in part for any purpose other than to evaluate the proposal; provided, that if a contract is awarded to this offeror as a result of or in connection with the submission of such data, the Government shall have the right to re- produce, use or disclose this data to the extent provided in the contract. This restriction does not limit the Government's right to use information contained in such data if it is obtained from other sources.
CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY
UNCLASSIFIED
CLASSIFYING OFFICER DATE
AEROJET-GENERAL CORPORATION S A C R A M E N T O C A L I F O R N I A
SACRAMENTO PLANT
Gentlemen:
f — NOTICE _ _ _ ^ This report was prepared as an account of work I
t he 'unH H%?'^ " " " = " ' ' " • " Government. NeUher the United States nor the United States Enersy Research and Development Administration, nor anyTf theu employees, nor any of their contractors subcontractors, or their employees, makes any ^r ranty , express or implied, or assumes any legiQ liabihty or responsibihty for the accuracy, completene^ I c ^ s " i " 7 ° ' r ' ' " f " ™ ' - " . apparatus, p r X c " o" fZZ ^f*' "' ' ' 'P'^^^"'*
AEROJET
GENERAL
PROPOSAL NO. RN-66250
SYNTHESIS OF CALCULATION METHODS FOR THE
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RADIATION SHIELDS FOR
NUCLEAR ROCKET SYSTEMS
R O C K E T E N G I N E O P E R AT I O N S - N U C L E A R
VOLUME I - TECHNICAL MARCH 1966
A E R O J E T - G E N E R A L C O R P O R A T I O N A S U B S I D I A R Y O F T H E G E N E R A L T I R E & R U B B E R C O M P A N Y
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction and Summary
A. Program Objectives
B. Technical Approach
C. Key Features of the Program
D. Anticipated Problem Areas
E. Program Plan
F. Management Plan
Go Applicable Facilities
Ho Technical Capabilities Relating to the Program
Technical Discussion
A. Review of Existing Methods
1. Point Kernel Methods
2. Monte Carlo Methods
3. Discrete S Transport Method
k. Diffusion Theory Methods
5. Auxiliary Programs
B. Development of Evaluation Criteria
1. Preliminary Evaluation Criteria
2. Characteristic Radiation Transport Problems
3- Collection of Suitable Experimental Data
C. Selection of Test Problems
1. Basic Configuration
2o Nuclear Rocket System
3. Nuclear Electric Systems
Do Candidate Analysis Methods
E, Test Calculations
F. Programming Considerations
Proposed Program
A. Work To Be Performed
Bo Program Approach
C. Schedules
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.)
Page
D o Report s
Eo New Technology
IV. Management Organization and Personnel
Ao Corporate Organization
Bo Project Organization
V, Supporting Information
Ao Related Experience
Bo List of Operational Digital Computer Codes
Co Computer Facilities
Do Document Facilities
VIo List of References
85 15 87
ST
90
105
105
117
13?
133
135
TABLE LIST
A Brief List of Existing Methods
Zone Description Data for Figure 5
Boundary Equation Data for Figure 5
Tentative List of Candidate Analysis Methods
A Candidate Program System
Sxunmary of User Decisions Affecting Accuracy
Summary of Calculations to be Performed
Computer Codes for Radiation Analysis at Aerojet
Table
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
FIGURE LIST
S Prediction of the NERVA Fast Neutron Environment n Relative Neutron Current Along Reactor Surface
The Discrete Angular Direction for the Cylindrical S-6
Figure
1
2
Approx imat i on
ii
FIGURE LIST (cont.)
Recipe for Estimating Size of TDC Problems
Computer Plot of XE-System in ETS-1
Flow Schematic of Radiation Analys. s for NRX/EST
Elements of Nuclear Heating in the Phoebus-2 Nozzle
SNAP-8 Interplanetary Vehicle, Extended Version
XE-Engine and Engine Test Compartment Radiation Shielding
Candidate Analysis Method
Flow Chart for the Work Program
Schedule for the Proposed Program
Management Organization
Project Organization
iii
APPENDIX
Page
I. NERVA Data A-3
A. Gamma Ray Dose Rates A-3
B. Fast Neutron Flux A-3
C. Neutron Spectra A-T
II. Monte Carlo Analysis of the General Dynamics (ASTR) A-7 Experiment on Neutron Penetration Through Hydrogen
A. Introduction ^~
B. Analysis A-IO
C. Discussion of Results A-I6
References A-19
iv
I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
This proposal is submitted by Aerojet-General Corporation to the Marshall
Space Flight Center in response to Request for Proposal No. 1-6-28-00029, dated
11 February 1966, entitled: "Synthesis of Calculation Methods for the Design and
Analysis of Radiation Shields for Nuclear Rocket Systems."
The ciirrent methods used to predict radiation distributions about nuclear
rocket and nuclesir electrical systems are actually various combinations of shielding
codes, each having inherent advantages and disadvantages. These codes evolved and
were combined as a result of the immediate and pressing contractual requirements
of past and current reactor programs without sufficient emphasis directed toward
optimization of the methods on the basis of validity, efficiency, and cost. As
a result, use of these current prediction methods has resulted in numerous analytical
difficulties.
Aerojet recognizes the innate deficiencies of these current analytical
methods and responds to the Marshall Space Flight Center's requirements for a
comparison and critical evaluation of these methods by proposing a program for
objectively screening, evaluating, and selecting prediction methods which will
ensure that future calculation of radiation levels will be made quickly and
accurately.
A. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The proposed program has four principal objectives. The first is to
compare and critically evaluate the applicability of existing computer programs
to radiation analyses for nuclear rocket and nuclear electric systems. The second
objective is to select one or two optimiim combinations of sinalytical methods for use
in an automated analysis system that minimizes data handling by the analyst. The
third objective is to reprogrsun the selected methods in the FORTRAN-IV language.
The fourth objective is to check out the selected methods on the Marshall Space
Flight Center computer and instruct MSEC personnel in the use of the selected
programs.
1
I, Introduction and Summary (conto)
Bo TECHNICAL APPROACH
Aerojet's approach to achieve these program objectives is to conduct
a literature and field survey in order to identify and ferret out those existing
analysis methods that are either of interest or contain desirable features o
Simultaneously, criteria will be developed on the basis of the program operational
characteristics and on considerations of the analysis requ
