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www.siemens.comhttp://www.siemens.co.in/about-us/sitrust.htm
Safety Card [email protected]
Preface
In today’s world, slowly but steadily Occupational Safety is occupying
centre stage in project execution. Organizations are contemplating and
deploying specific strategy to attain to the goal of Zero Harm. One of
the common plank of the strategy across organizations is creating safety
awareness amongst its employees through customized training, awareness
campaign, sharing of learnings, safety dossiers, reference documents and
things like that. Safety Card Booklet developed by SITRUST is a similar
work. This is developed as a Reference Docket by the domain experts
of Siemens Keeping in view the various types of projects, the Booklet
includes dedicated cards on activity, equipment, tool, and process.
Safety Cards are designed and presented in a way that is convenient to
the readers. Each Safety Card explains typical Hazards, Risks and Control
Measures associated with the particular topic. National and International
Codes of Practices, Legal Stipulations and established Best Practices
are referred and used in developing Safety Cards. However, Safety
Card Booklet is not developed either as a Standard or as a Rule Book.
This Docket is prepared as a guide to the users on safety aspects without
making it complex and confusing. Further, efforts are made to simplify the
descriptions so that a common user can appreciate and use it.
User’s Guidance
Safety Card Booklet presents Safety Cards in thirteen Clusters; each Cluster
dedicated on a particular subject matter. In addition, there is a special
cluster on Golden Rules codified as GR that contains nine categories
of Golden Rules. Golden Rules are well established fact beyond legal
stipulation, company specific Standards, and national/international codes
of practices. Hence the Golden Rules are considered as non- negotiables.
The thirteen Clusters are organized and presented in a logical order in
the Safety Card Booklet. Accordingly, these Clusters are codified in the
alphabetical order starting from A. The First Cluster i.e. A Series is generic
“General – Basic Operation”. A Series is followed by five Clusters on Zone
“0” Safety. This includes Electrical Safety (B Series), Unsafe Conditions (C
Series), Improper Equipment (D Series), Railways Safety (E Series) and
Animal & Plant Safety (F Series). Zone “0” indicates high risks and hence
no tolerance.
Further, three Clusters are dedicated to Climbing Areas including Fall
Protection (G Series), Ladder/ Scaffold Operations (H Series) and Lifting
Operations (I Series). Subsequently, there are three Clusters pertaining
Housekeeping; Improper Conditions (J Series), Layout advices for
construction sites (K Series) and Safety & Emergency Equipment (L
Series). Safety Cards on various other Tools and Equipment are clubbed
and presented as a separate Cluster codified as M Series.
Readers are advised to use Safety Card Booklet as a Ready Reckoner and not
as a substitute of Legal stipulations, Standards, and national/international
codes as applicable. The references cited in the Safety Card Booklet shall
be explored by the readers for further information and clarifications on a
particular Safety Card.
Hierarchy of Controls
Golden rules for zero harm
GR - 01 Foundation Golden Safety Rules 01GR - 02 Permit to Work 01GR - 03 Working at Heights 02GR - 04 Tagging and Isolation 03GR - 05 Underground and Overhead Services Operations 03GR - 06 Electrical Safety 04GR - 07 Confined Space Entry 04GR - 08 Excavations 05GR - 09 Lifting Operations 05
General - Basic Operations
A - 01 Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Control (HlRAC) 06A - 02 Qualifying Checks for Site Workers 08A - 03 Personal Protection Equipment Check 10A - 04 Safety Briefing 12A - 05 Permit to Work 14A - 06 Desk Top Study (as part of pre-planning) 16A - 07 Site Survey / Site Visit (as part of pre-planning) 18A - 08 Project Site Setup (as part of pre-planning) 20A - 09 Closure and Handover of the Project 22A - 10 Project Site Traffic Management 24A - 11 Inclement Weather 26A - 12 Manual Handling 34
Index
IndexZone”0” - Electrical Safety
B - 01 Electrical Safety Rules 36B - 02 Damaged Cable 38B - 03 Connecting Cables 40B - 04 Unlocked Switchboards - Indoors 42B - 05 Unlocked Switchboards - Outdoors 44B - 06 Improper Junction Boxes 46B - 07 Electrical Safety Distances 48B - 08 Hand Digging 50B - 09 Transformer, LT Panel and HT Panel 52
Zone”0” - Unsafe Conditions
C - 01 Slip, Trip & Fall - Bridge 54C - 02 Slip, Trip & Fall - Missing Plates 56C - 03 Slip, Trip & Fall - Manhole 58C - 04 Slip, Trip & Fall - Waterhole 60C - 05 Cutting Hazard 62C - 06 Stabbing Hazard 64C - 07 Confined Space 66C - 08 Stability of Hoarding 68C - 09 Guard Railing 70C - 10 Cover Plates 72C - 11 Fire Load in Channels 74C - 12 Debris in Installations/Channels 76C - 13 Excavation & Cable Trench 78
IndexZone”0” - Improper Equipment
D - 01 Damaged Hand Tools 80D - 02 Inappropriate Hand Tools 82D - 03 Self-Made Hand Tools 84D - 04 Hand Tools Keeping 86D - 05 Power Tool - Not Checked 88D - 06 Power Tool - Damaged 90D - 07 Damaged Fire Extinguisher 92D - 08 Powder Actuated Tools 94D - 09 Non Sparking Tools 98D - 10 Mounting Material - Storage 102
Zone”0” - Railway Safety
E - 01 Safety on Railway Tracks 104E - 02 Warning Devices 106E - 03 Rail Lifting Clamps 108E - 04 Hazard Zones 110E - 05 Rail Chocks 112E - 06 Extreme Noisy Works 114E - 07 Catenaries 116E - 08 Signal Posts 118
Zone”0” - Animal Safety / Plant Safety
F - 01 Poisonous Snakes 120F - 02 Dangerous Scorpions 122F - 03 Centipede 124F - 04 Dogs 126F - 05 Aconitum 128
IndexClimbing Area - Fall Protection
G - 01 Harness Type 130G - 02 Lanyard Types 132G - 03 Harness Handling 134G - 04 Lanyard Handling 136G - 05 Anchorage points 138G - 06 Anti Trauma Sling 140G - 07 Suspension Trauma 142G - 08 Post Fall First Aid 144G - 09 Free Fall a Dummy 146G - 10 Harness Hanging Experience 148G - 11 Working at Heights 150
Climbing Area - Ladder / Scaffold Operation
H - 01 Ladder Types 152H - 02 Ladder Maintenance 154H - 03 Ladder Safety 156H - 04 Ladder Climbing 158H - 05 Scaffold Types 160H - 06 Mobile Scaffolds 162H - 07 Scaffold Safety 164
IndexClimbing Area - Lifting Operations
I - 01 Line Types 166I - 02 Knots 168I - 03 Pull Lift 170I - 04 Wire Rope 172I - 05 Slings 174I - 06 Crane Hooks 176I - 07 Lifting Safety 178I - 08 Cherry Picker 180
Housekeeping Area - Improper Conditions
J - 01 Spikes & Nails in Timber Beams 182J - 02 Stored Cable Drums 184J - 03 Stored Gas Cylinder 186J - 04 Hazardous Materials 188J - 05 Hazardous Materials - Asbestos 190J - 06 Blocked Hydrant 192
Housekeeping Area - Layout advices for construction sites
K - 01 Building Yard Equipment 194K - 02 Improper Storing of Safety Equipment 196K - 03 Improper Storing of Tools - Indoors 198K - 04 Improper Storing of Tools - Outdoors 200K - 05 Proper Storing of Construction Materials 202K - 06 Waste Management 210
IndexHousekeeping Area - Safety & Emergency Equipment
L - 01 First Aid Equipment 212L - 02 Fire Fighting Equipment 214L - 03 Rescue Equipment 216L - 04 Lock Out & Tag Out 218L - 05 Safety Signs 220
Additional Applications - Tools / Equipment
M - 01 Angle Grinder 222M - 02 Drill - Pistol-grip corded 224M - 03 Circular Saw 226M - 04 Chain Saw 228M - 05 Electric Generator - Mobile 230M - 06 Welding Equipment 232M - 07 Forklift 234M - 08 Excavator (Digger) 236M - 09 Spotlight Equipment 238M - 10 Crane Safety 240M - 11 Vehicular Safety 242
Golden Rules for Zero Harm
GR 02: Permit to Work Golden Rules
Obtain a valid work permit, authorised by a competent person
• Ensure a valid work permit before start of actual work to reduce the associated risks .
• Immediately Obtain a new permit if the scope of work or conditions change
• Identify risks and make sure controls are in place and verified• Sign off the permit at the end of the works
1
GR 01: Foundation Golden Safety Rules
If a task can’t be carried out safely – we will always STOP until it can be done without harming anyone.
• Ensure that we stop work if it is unsafe• Make sure we are competent to perform the task• Report all hazards, incidents, injuries and near misses• Assess the risks associated with each task and plan accordingly• Wear and use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)• Take responsibility for our own safety and the safety of our workmates
GR 03: Working at Heights
Eliminate all other options, before concluding to work at height
• Always plan full protection for all at site connected with working at height.
• Ensure that workers working at Height have appropriate training for working at heights and do not work alone
• Inspect fall prevention equipment before use• Ensure all open edges, excavations, pits and access chambers are
protected• Ensure a fixed platform is used with handrails, verified by a competent
person or gall arrest equipment is used that has:1. A proper anchor – preferably overhead2. Full body harness using double latch self-locking snap hooks at
each connection3. Shock absorber4. Synthetic fiber lanyards
• All items, including tools and equipment, are secured to prevent potential dropped objects
• People are to be hooked to an anchor point at all times• Fall arrest system limits free fall to two meters or less• Rescue plan and equipment are in place to minimize suspension
trauma
Golden Rules for Zero Harm
2
GR 04: Tagging and Isolation
Ensure isolations have been tested before starting work
• Identify all potential sources of energy before starting the task• Isolate all energy sources before beginning work.• Attach a Personal Danger Tag if we are at risk from the isolation• Check that all isolation/de-isolation steps have been completed by a
competent and authorised person• Tag-out defective tools and equipment• Never remove someone else’s Personal Danger Tag
GR 05: Underground and Overhead Services Operations
Take responsibility to investigate and manage all services on our work sites.
• Implement necessary administrative controls to prevent electricity strikes
• Consider all services as live until the line owner verifies otherwise• Identify all services before disturbing the ground• Recognise overhead power line voltages and maintain safe clearances• Make sure notification of works to the service provider has occurred
Golden Rules for Zero Harm
3
GR 06: Electrical Safety
Undertake any Electrical works if suitably authorised.
• Ensure a ‘test for dead’ has been completed prior to working on any electrical equipment
• Use LOTO procedure at all times and ensure work is carried out by a competent person
• Ensure at least two people are present when working close to exposed live conductors
• Check isolation effectiveness periodically • Isolation points have been clearly identified using a system of locks
and/or tags• The people carrying out the electrical work are deemed competent to
perform the work
GR 07: Confined Space Entry
Ensure all risks of working at Confined Space are evaluated before start of the job
• Plan to go in, plan to come out• Monitor the atmosphere
1. Use appropriate instruments2. Check Oxygen concentration and flammable gases and vapours3. OSHA regulations require the oxygen concentration to be
between 19.5 and 23.5 % and vapours less than 10% of the lower explosive limit (LEL)
• Only trained workers should be allowed to work at confined spaces, evaluate the Ventilation plan and ensure appropriate ventilation
Golden Rules for Zero Harm
4
GR 08: Excavations
Ensure appropriate controls in place for all excavation works.
• Identify, locate and if necessary isolate all underground hazards• Control all ground movement to prevent collapse• Never enter an excavation deeper than 1.5m unless it has been
assessed and verified by a competent person as safe• Ensure there is a safe way in and way out from an excavation• Put appropriate controls in place to protect ourselves and others from
falling into excavations
GR 09: Lifting Operations
We will plan and manage all lifting operations.
• Never walk or work under a suspended load• Ensure only competent persons plan and execute lifting operations• Never exceed the capacity of the lifting equipment• Inspect plant and lifting equipment prior to commencement of lifting
operations• Establish exclusion zones around lifting operations where practicable
• Evaluate all alternatives so that confined space entry is only undertaken when necessary
• Have a standby person in place at all times• Obtain a confined space permit from an authorised person• Conduct gas testing before and during confined space entry• Prevent unauthorised access to a confined space• Isolate the space• Communicate at all times
Golden Rules for Zero Harm
5
Safety Card A - 01
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Control (HlRAC)
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Before starting any project if HIRAC is not done then potential risk cannot be identified
2. Control measures for risk mitigation cannot be done3. After implementing control measures in each process what are the
residual risks existing cannot be assessed
6
RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Safety Card A - 01
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Control (HlRAC)
• All potential hazards can be assessed in each small step of the job• Control measures in the various steps of the activity can be
incorporated• Once the control measures are taken, what residual risk is remaining
from base risk can be assessed• Stringent control can also be taken for nullifying the residual risk• In totality risk assessment can make jobs safe and easy after
implementation
7
Examples of risk analysis tools
• PRA• FEMA• FTA• HAZOP
System* Definition
Hazard Identification
Risk Estimation
Risk Evaluation:acceptable?
Monitoring & Re-Evaluation
Control & Mitigation
Risk Management
Ris
k A
sses
smen
t
Ris
k A
nal
ysis
Sys
tem
* D
escr
ipti
on
yes no
Safety Card A - 02
Qualifying Checks for Site Workers
Hazard and Risk involved if wrong person is selected at site:-
1. Number of incidents at site will be increased2. Idle man hours will be high3. Work process and speed will be slower4. Quality of process will be low5. Local and political interference if case of serious incidents6. Morale of other employees will be down7. Sense of guilty feeling due to incident among site management8. High medical expenditure 9. Litigation problems10. Continuation of work with employee who lost efficiency after incident11. A social and family loss
8
Safety Card A - 02
Qualifying Checks for Site Workers
Qualifying check for site worker. Following checks required:-
• Qualification:- 1. Literacy level2. Formal qualification 3. Special qualification on subject4. Skills level
• Experience:-1. Number of years worked
• Training:-1. Training on EHS 2. On the job training
• Selection and use of PPE• Use of height work appliances• Selection and use of fire extinguishers• Use of electricity and related appliance• Understanding hazard at work location • Any special EHS requirements• Health check up • Blood pressure • Vision check• Giddiness at height• Any special check specified by medical practitioners
9
•Canyourecognizethehazardsinthepicture?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
Safety Card A - 03
Personal Protection Equipment Check
1. Working in mud without gum boots & hand gloves2. Working at height without anchoring harness3. Not wearing safety shoes & helmet being used with cloth padding
without chin stay, while doing cable laying work4. While doing metal drill work, Goggles / Face shield not being used
10
Safety Card A - 03
Personal Protection Equipment Check
• Always use gum boots and hand gloves while working in Muddy areas
• Never work without anchoring Harness while at height• Never work without safety shoes at construction site• Use helmet properly with chin stay. External Padding should not be
used with helmet• Never work without goggles / Face shield while doing metal drilling
work, it may damage your eyes
11
Safety Card A - 04
Safety Briefing
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Hazard identified will not be communicated to all the concerned2. Without safety briefing updated EHS information will not be available3. Improvement opportunity on unsafe acts and conditions is not
possible4. Co-ordination among persons during work not possible
12
Safety Card A - 04
Safety Briefing
• Safety briefing will give prior information about Safety before starting work and give specific mitigation measures to control the risks identified
• Safety briefing informs about imminent danger at site • All precaution like PPE etc., that are required to be used• All other equipment and requirement whether satisfied or not can be
briefed• Lessons learnt from previous accidents can be discussed thus
preventing similar types of accidents at site
13
Safety Card A - 05
Permit to Work
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Work permit that is not issued by right authority2. Work permit not signed / authorized3. Working condition not checked before issuing work permit4. Same work permit is extended after change in work condition5. Tool box talk against issued work permit not conducted6. Work permit filled in an improper manner7. Work permit issued for continuous days8. Work permit issued by competent authority without seeing the waste
location status
14
Safety Card A - 05
Permit to Work
• Work permit must be issued before starting of any work, by the right authority
• Tool Box safety briefing to be conducted before commencement of work
• All required details must be filled in work permit. Identified risks must be mitigated accordingly
• In case of any change in work condition, new permit must be issued• All concerned person must sign the work permit• Work permit shall be issued only for a day/time limit• The permit shall be issued by the competent person after visual
checking the condition of site
15
SIEMENS Ltd. Electrical Work Permit Serial No.:
Siemens Ltd, Kalwa Works, TTC MIDC, Plot No. 1, Thane Belapur Road, Thane.-400601. Page 1 of 2
Exact Location of Worksite:___________________________________________________________________
Working Agency: ___________________________________________________
Description of Work:__________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Start of work: _____________ _____________ End of work: _____________ _____________ Date Time Date Time
Work of this nature must not be started until this permit, with the required signatures, has been obtained and the defined safety measures have been observed. In all cases this permit is only valid on the day/s for which it was issued and for the worksite entered. If the same worksite exists at the same place for a longer duration, the Permit Issuing Officer may extend the permit to a maximum of three weeks. Once this period is expired, the permit must be renewed in each case.
A. Following safety precautions are taken care off. Sr. No.
Electrical Work Safety Precautions Yes No NotApplicable
Height Work Safety Precautions Yes No NotApplicable
1. Electrician allotted the work posses the wiremen license.
Labours with vertigo / empty stomach / fasting / sick not allowed to work at height.
2. Electricians allotted work- trained in rescue & artificial resuscitation in the last 6 months.
Proper access provided in the form of appropriate ladder / mobile scaffold.
3. For work on charged systems, buddy is provided.
Ladder / scaffold inspected for healthiness before use.
4. Rings, watch, chain, bracelets etc have been removed before start of work.
Any cracks/bends in scaffold structure, insecure platform, unstable scaffold or any other defects that may lead to fall of scaffold is detected / identified & rectified before start of job.
5. All portable electrical equipments are having proper plug with earthing.
Ladder with missing, broken rungs, cracks, bend; grease or oil on rungs shall not be used.
6. All electrical tools, machines have been inspected by Electrical Enginee. Sign of Electrical Engineer__________________
Ladder (if provided) is lashed at top or secured at the bottom by tying / attendant.
7. All cables / cords of portable tools have been inspected for any crack, cut, poor cable / cord joint etc.
No work is allowed by standing on ladder.
8. Before carrying out maintenance work, existing electrical installation drawing is fully understood.
Height of mobile scaffold shall not be more than three times the shortest base width including outriggers.
LT Supply Isolation: 9. Before start of work, Isolator / breaker
switched OFF & fuses removed for isolation.
Ladders or mobile scaffolds are not extended to raise the height.
10. Safety Tag ‘Danger, Men at Work, Do not Switch ON’ is displayed on respective breaker / isolator.
Area down below working surface / raised load is barricaded.
11. Cross-verify with voltmeter / test lamp that cable/ equipment on which work is to be done is dead. (Only for LT)
Tools are not allowed to carry in hands or pockets. It is carried in tool bag.
12. All incoming / outgoing cables should be shorted & connected to earth before start of work.
Persons working at height are provided
13. Fuses are removed with correct size of fuse puller & supply isolated.
Full body Safety harness is used by all persons at height, if there are no railings.
14. While removing fuse, electrician should wear face shield & electrical insulated gloves.
Anchoring facility & lifeline provided for anchoring safety harness.
15. While doing megger test, ensure that other end of cable is untouched. Responsible person has been stationed at that end.
All lifting machines, tools & tackles (crane, wire rope, sling, chain pulley block etc) hired from outside are duly tested by competent person & certificate is available at site office.
Work Permit Issuing Authority (Siemens Site Engineer/ Supervisor)
Signature of Working Agency (contractor),& Work Permit Issuing Authority
Signature of Project Incharge of Contractor
Signature of Safety Officer of Contractor
Fill up the work permit along with working agency (contractor)
Signature of Siemens Site Incharge.
Types of Work Permit & identification colour code available: Hot Work & Height Work- Blue; Electrical Work-Yellow; Fragile Roof Work- White; Monsoon Shed Work- Green; Pest Control- Pink; Excavation Work- Fluorescent; Confined Space Work- Orange; General Work- White
Valid Permit to Work Training Records16. After completion of work:
Remove all tools,
Reinstall fuses.
Remove temporary earthing
Switch OFF earthing switch.
Check there are no short circuits
between phases or phase to
earth.
Closed all the panel covers.
Withdraw all men from electrical
work
Tools to be used 1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. __________________________
4. __________________________
5. __________________________
6. __________________________
7. Provide & ensure presence of CO2 fire extinguisher at site.
8. Switch ON supply.
B. Number of Persons Working at Site for this work______________________________
C. PPEs required during work (Tick mark whichever is required & provided) PPE provided: Electrical insulation gloves Safety goggles Safety Shoes Face shield Full body harness Helmet Specify any other PPE required _____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D. I have confirmed that above requirements have been complied with.
Permit Issuing Authority: Name:______________ Signature: __________ Date:______ Time:_____Intercom:_______ (Siemens Official)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________I confirm that I have been placed in direct & continuous charge of the work specified above. I shall take all necessary precautions to Avoid danger. Only trained persons will be assigned for this work. Permittee (Working Agency/Contractor): Name:__________________ Signature: ___________________________
Date:_________ Time:___ Mobile No:__________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Site Incharge of Contractor : Name____________________ Signature_______________ Date__________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Site Safety Officer of Contractor: Name_________________ Signature_______________ Date__________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Siemens Site Incharge: Name____________________ Signature_______________ Date__________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
E. Safety measures on completion of work Yes No Waste cleared from work site. All men & material is removed from site. Site is safe to restore the power. Signature of Contractor Official present while doing above work: __________________________
F. Tool Box Talk conducted (Original records shall be produced at the time of receiving permit.) Electrical Safety Artificial recitations Work at height
G. Permit renewal (To be signed by permit issuer) Sr. No. Date Name of Permit Renewing
Authority (Siemens Official) Signature Name of Permittee (Contractor) Signature
1.
2.
3.
Siemens Safety Department for random monitoring of compliance of Work Permit requirements. Sr. No.
Name of Siemens Safety Department Official
Observations & Recommandations. Signature
1.
2.
3.
4.
IN CASE OF FIRE CALL- ------------------- 1st copy (Yellow): Working Agency; 2nd copy (white): Work issuing authority; 3rd copy (white): Site Safety Dept of Siemens. Page 2 of 2
Safety Card A - 06
Desk Top Study (as part of pre-planning)
•Do you think Desk TopstudyinvolvesHazards&Risks?
•Canyousuggestmeasuretoeliminate/minimizeHazards/Risks?
1. Desk Top Study involves compiling information and analysing it to understand the work, methods of work, potential hazards, historic past accidents/incidents, near miss cases and learning
2. Document Review including contract, net surfing, discussion and clarifications are typically used as tools in the Desk Top Study
3. As such the process of Desk Top Study does not involve hazards and risks. However, inadequacy of study, ignoring vital information and not considering important inputs can create hazards and risks during subsequent Site Survey and Execution
4. A superficial Study due to paucity of time, lack of resources, lack of outlook, lack of competency gives rise to hazards and risks
16
Hazards Risks
Ignorance Accident
Wrong assumption Accident
No/Poor clues for site survey Accident
Safety Card A - 06
Desk Top Study (as part of pre-planning)
• Project leader shall lead the Desk Top Study conversations• Consultation with and participation of all concerned persons shall be
assured• Adequate time and necessary resources be allocated for the study• All related stake holders shall be consulted• Contract agreement and scope of work should be the basis for Desk
Top Study• Assumptions shall be based on sound and verified information
17
Control Measures
Safety Card A - 07
Site Survey / Site Visit (as part of pre-planning)
•Do you know theHazardsofSiteSurvey?
•DoyouknowtheRisksassociated with SiteSurvey?
•Can you suggestmeasure to eliminate/minimize Hazards/Risks associated withSiteSurvey?
Site Survey or Site Visit involves physically walking across site to understand the contour of site, demography, limitations, constraints, weather conditions and need of temporary land, access as well as logistics towards project execution. Site Survey involves certain hazards and risks that may vary from one project to other and one location to other.
18
Hazards Risks
Access obstructed Slip, Trip, Fall
Loose wire/cable Trip, Entanglement
Live electrical wire Electrical shock
Dense vegetation Caught in, Trip, Fall
Poor visibility Probing, Taking Chance
Level difference (undulation) Caught in, Trip, Fall
Debris/Construction work in the vicinity Fall of materials
Inclement weather Heat Stress, Cold Stress, Wetting & flue
Reptiles like snake Snake Bite
Safety Card A - 07
Site Survey / Site Visit (as part of pre-planning)
• Prepare temporary access to site• Clear vegetation and earmark path ways• Identify live electrical lines – isolate or reroute it• Undertake site survey in day time and clear weather. Carry portable
lamps, if required• Use necessary Personal Protective Equipment like Helmet, High Ankle
Safety Shoes, Reflective Jacket and Gloves• During rains use Rain Coat.• Use clothes as per the weather conditions• Apply Snake Repellent• Include a person conversant with the demography of the area• Safety Briefing of the team before Site Entry
19
Control Measures
Safety Card A - 08
Project Site Setup (as part of pre-planning)
•DoyouknowtheHazardsofSiteSurvey?
•Do you know the Risksassociated with SiteSurvey?
•Canyousuggestmeasureto eliminate/minimizeHazards/RisksassociatedwithSiteSurvey?
Project Site Setup includes temporary offices, material storage yard, workers camps, water supply, sanitation, cooking and washing facility and other basic amenities, Induction Room, Occupational Health Centre, Training Facility, Meeting Room, temporary power supply etc. An adequate Setup is critical for project execution as well as occupational health and safety of the workforce. Inadequate Setup or a poor Setup gives rise to Hazards and Risks to Safety, Health and wellbeing of the workforce.
20
Hazards Risks
Lack of office space - overcrowding Stress, poor health
Poor sanitation and hygiene Mosquito breeding, Mosquito bite, Sickness, absenteeism
Lack of storage – over storing in a place Collapse of storage, falling materials, struck by, caught between
Poor housekeeping Slip, Trip, Fall
Haphazard electrical lines Electric shock, electrocution
Contaminated water/food Sickness, absenteeism
Safety Card A - 08
Project Site Setup (as part of pre-planning)
• Plan and develop Project Setup in reference to BOCW Act 1996 and Rules 1998 as per the Company Standard
• Raised the ground level before constructing Project Setup• Make arrangement for surface run off• Make arrangement for sanitation, housekeeping and maintenance.• Create access to all the facilities and maintain it• Waste management including sewage collection, treatment and
disposal • Adequate illumination (indoor and outdoor)• Apply Snake Repellent• Appoint a Camp Warden• Impose access control• 24x7 Security• Fire Fighting Facility and testing through mocks• Display of Emergency Contacts• Occupational Health Centre, Induction Room, Safety Park, etc• Display of Safety Signage and Safety Rules
21
Control Measures
Poor traffic management at site (due to lack of space)
Struck by moving vehicle, equipment
Inadequate facilities (toilets, wash room, bath room and eatery)
Fighting amongst workers, injuries
No access control Unauthorized entry – sabotage, injuries
Safety Card A - 09
Closure and Handover of the Project
•Do you know the Hazards ofClosure and Handover of theproject?
•DoyouknowtheRisksassociatedwithClosureandHandoveroftheproject?
•Can you suggest measure toeliminate/minimize Hazards/Risks associated with ClosureandHandoveroftheproject?
22
Hazards Risks
Exiting from project without restoration of the sites
• Obstructing surface run off – local water logging, flooding, submergence
• Obstructing access of local population – accidents, public unrest
• Creation of undulation, pits, crest – slip, trip, entanglement, fall of man, materials, vehicle
Left over materials (Poor Housekeeping) • Slip, Trip & Fall
Left over temporary Electrical Connec-tions, Distribution Board, earthing pits
• Electric Shock, Electrocution• Slip, Trip, Entanglement & Fall
Left over structure (temporary sheds, stores, office)
• Shelter for unsocial elements – law & order situation affecting overall safety and security of the people in the area
No closure report / failure to close Work Permits
• Creation of secondary & tertiary hazards post execution maintenance
Safety Card A - 09
Closure and Handover of the Project
• Prepare TheClosureReport including relevant details of work carried out, drawings, specification, locations and recommendations for maintenance etc
• All temporary facilities (office, camps, stores etc.) shall be demolished. Remove all materials and demobilize the site systematically.
• The area shall be cleared of scraps, debris, and other materials; thereafter compacted and levelled
• Close the temporary drains, clear off natural drains and natural access through areas
• Remove electrical conduits, distribution boards, and earthing pits • Remove all signages• Conduct joint site visit with client/owner and other concerned • Close all Permits and handover site to the client/owner
23
Control Measures
Safety Card A - 10
Project Site Traffic Management
•Do you know the Hazards ofConstructionSiteTraffic?
•Do you know the Risksassociated with ConstructionSiteTraffic?
•Can you suggest measure toeliminate/minimize Hazards/Risks associated withConstructionSiteTraffic?
24
Hazards Risks
External vehicles encroaching in construction area
Struck by vehicle, crushed under tyre
Vehicle falling in the construction pits, excava-tions
Vehicle not Road Worthy Accident - injuries
Vehicular Traffic & men movement not segregated
Struck by vehicle, crushed under tyre
Untrained/incompetent drivers Accident - injuries
Absence of traffic signage Misinterpretation - accident – injuries
Lack of Parking / Parking Zone not defined
Congestion in work area – accident-injuries
Falling load/materials Traffic struck by falling load
Safety Card A - 10
Project Site Traffic Management
• Prepare site specific Traffic Management Plan and deploy it• Define Traffic Rules and display it appropriately• Display Standard Traffic signage including Parking Zone, Diversion,
Direction, Speed Limit etc• Enrol, Train and Deploy Traffic Marshals or Traffic Warden • Routine inspection of vehicles to assure road worthiness• Enrol and deploy only trained and experienced Drivers• Provide a helper/signal man with each driver• Routine check of drivers (vison, alertness, listening, fitness)• Don’t permit drink and drive. Surprise breathing test to eliminate
cases of drink and drive• Area lightening and marking of carriage ways• Dedicated Rest Room for drivers and his associates
25
Control Measures
Safety Card A - 11
Inclement Weather
•DoyouknowtheHazardsofInclementWeather?
•Do you know theRisks associated withInclementWeather?
•Canyousuggestmeasureto eliminate/minimizeHazards/RisksassociatedwithInclementWeather?
26
Hazards Risks
Lightning • Electrocution, Burns, Falling debris, Concussion, Fire
• Injury, fatality, property damage
Flash Flood • Crew and equipment could become trapped or stranded as escape routes may be damaged and/or blocked.
• Equipment and personnel could be swept away or covered by water, mud or debris.
• Drowning , Electrocution, Mud slides
High Winds • Flying debris, Dust• Possibility of persons being swept off their
feet• Equipment can be blown over and carried
for a distance, • Set destruction• Injury, fatality, property damage
LargeHails: Hail is usually associated with thunderstorm and is caused by freezing rain that can become very large
• Injuries to crew and damage to equipment
Safety Card A - 11
Inclement Weather
27
BlizzardorSevereSnowStorm: A storm accompanied by strong winds creating blizzard conditions with blinding wind driven snow, severe drifting and danger-ous wind chill
• Blinding conditions• Creation of snow drifts• Dangerous wind chill factor • Avalanche danger, being caught and/or
buried1. Usually triggered by victim or members
of victims party2. Generally occur with clear skies, little or
no snow fall and light or calm winds3. The weak layer often consists of surface
hoar, facets or depth hoar 4. On 30-40 degree slopes, often at a
convex part of the slope
Tornedo: A Tornedo is a violent wind-storm characterized by twisting, funnel-shaped wind. It tends to occur in the afternoon and evening hours
• Tornados are unpredictable and may form without warning
• Winds can exceed 200 to 300 mph• Tornados may appear nearly transparent
until dust and debris are picked up or a cloud forms within the funnel
• Severe damage can occur to structures• The precise location of a touch down point
cannot be determined
Hurricane: A slow developing tropical weather phenomenon that forms over water. Its greatest impacts are felt near or on shorelines of land
• Severe winds and rainfall, which may cause extreme flooding
• Storm surges• High waves possibility of persons being
swept off their feet • Drowning • Localized Tornados• Extreme damage to structures, roads,
utilities, vehicles and boats • Severe injury due to flying debris
Other Hazards & Risks
Development of slippery surfaces and muddy site conditions, reduced of grip on tools / equipment and caving in of the dugout surface
• Slip & Fall - injury
A high probability of wet electrical cables becoming live
• Electrical shortcut, fire and burn
Potential mosquito breeding spots (e.g. stagnant water at drip tray, pot holes, roofing, etc.)
• Environmental Health issue - sickness
LargeHails: Hail is usually associated with thunderstorm and is caused by freezing rain that can become very large
• Injuries to crew and damage to equipment
Safety Card A - 11
Inclement Weather
Common• Prepare “Emergency Preparedness & Response Plan (EP&RP)”
including evacuation; test it regularly and remain in a position of readiness
• EP&RP shall address all five phases – prevention, preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation
• Create awareness amongst crew members about EP&RP and deploy it in case of emergency
Control Measures
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Safety Card A - 11
Inclement Weather
FlashFlood• Secure equipment and all electrical power • Remove all cast and crew from elevated equipment, scaffolds, booms
and sets• Stay clear of potential slide areas next to hillsides or on edges of cliff
areas • Gather at pre-determined evacuation point and ensure everyone is
accounted for • If you come upon a flowing stream where water is above ankles, STOP! Turn around and go another way
• Do not drive through moving water or a flooded roadway • Do not attempt to return to the area until an “all clear” signal has
been given by a regulatory authority or production management
Lightning• When working in lightning prone areas, the use of a lightning detector/
meter is highly recommended. If a meter is not available, it is possible to estimate the distance of lightning by the thunder. When lightning is seen, count the seconds until thunder is heard and then divide the seconds counted by five to obtain the approximate distance in miles.
• 30-30 rule: The first 30 means if you count to 30 seconds or less (from lightning to thunder), the lightning is within 6 miles of your location and you are in potential danger and should seek shelter. The second 30 means you should wait 30 minutes from the last flash or thunder to establish an “all clear.”
29
Safety Card A - 11
Inclement Weather• Seek shelter in a sturdy building, a hardtop automobile or truck with
the windows rolled up. If such cover is not available seek shelter in wooded areas with thick small trees. Avoid isolated trees
• Avoid high ground and keep clear of tall objects, towers, aerial lifts, camera booms, scaffolding, fences or other metal equipment
• Avoid contact with any body of water• Avoid using a telephone or cellular phone • Where appropriate, shut down generators in accordance with the
established action plan • Avoid using other electrical equipment or appliances• When instructed, move to the pre-determined evacuation area • Do not attempt to return to the area until an “all clear” signal has
been given by a regulatory authority and/or production management or 30 minutes after the last thunder sound is heard
HighWinds• Remove all cast and crew from elevated areas, sets, scaffolding and
other high objects • Lower all aerial, lighting, diffusion, camera boom equipment and
tents• Tie down and secure all loose equipment • When instructed, seek refuge from the winds at your pre-determined
safe area • Be aware and protect your eyes from potential injury • Do not attempt to return to the area until an “all clear” signal has
been given by a regulatory authority or production management
30
Safety Card A - 11
Inclement WeatherLargeHails
• Secure and protect all equipment • Get down from elevated areas, aerial lifts, booms, scaffold and other
high areas • When instructed, seek shelter at your pre-determined safe area • Do not attempt to return to the area until an “all clear” signal has
been given by a regulatory authority or production management
BlizzardorSevereSnowStorms• Secure and protect all equipment • Get down from elevated areas, aerial lifts, booms, scaffold and other
high areas • Stay clear from potential avalanche areas • When instructed, seek shelter at your pre-determined safe area • Do not attempt to return to the area until an “all clear” signal has
been given by a regulatory authority or production management
Tornados• The crew should be regularly updated regarding any changes to
potential weather conditions • All cast and crew members must follow all instructions given • Safety Bulletin #38 Inclement or Severe Weather • No employees should be working on elevated equipment. This
includes aerial lifts, scaffolds, camera booms, and other high areas • Evacuate the area immediately if instructed by a regulatory authority
or production management
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• Only secure equipment if there is time and it can be done safely • Do not attempt to return to the area until an all clear signal has been
given by a regulatory authority or production management
Hurricanes• Do not stay by shoreline • Pack and secure all equipment and remove to a safe area • Lower all aerial lifts, camera booms and other equipment. Remove to
a safe area as time permits • If ordered to evacuate, leave area early -- do not hesitate • Do not attempt to return to the area until an “all clear” signal has
been given by a regulatory authority or production management
Safety Card A - 11
Inclement Weather
32
Safety Card A - 11
Inclement Weather
33
Safety Card A - 12
Manual Handling
•Doyouknowthe techniquehowtoliftheavyobjects?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
The main risk factors associated with the development of injuries in manual material handling tasks include:
1. Awkward postures (e.g., bending, twisting) 2. Repetitive motions (e.g., frequent reaching, lifting, carrying) 3. Forceful exertions (e.g., carrying or lifting heavy loads) 4. Pressure points (e.g., grasping [or contact from] loads, leaning against
parts or surfaces that are hard or have sharp edges) 5. Static postures (e.g., maintaining fixed positions for a long time) 6. The environment - Indoors or outdoors, is it cold and/or wet, does the
space restrict good posture? Is the ground clear and flat?
34
Safety Card A - 12
Manual Handling• Ensure a good grip on the load - that hands, the load and any handles
are not slippery• Ensure the area around the task is clear of obstacles• Ensure that doors are open and that there is nothing on the floor that
could trip someone or make them slip• Use mechanical equipment where possible • Reduce the amount that is handled or split it into smaller pieces• Take breaks to ensure that the muscles have time to recover. Alternate
heavy tasks with light tasks• Ask for assistance from a co-worker when appropriate
• Think before Lifting/handling
• Adopt a Stable position
• Start in a good posture
• Get a good hold• Don’t flex back any
further while lifting• Avoid twisting the
back or leaning sideways
• Keep head up when handling
• Move smoothly• Don’t lift or handle
more than can be easily managed
• Put down, then adjust. If precise positioning is necessary
• Keep the load close to the waist
35
•Do you know theelectricalsafetygoldenrules?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Do you know about theconsequences?
Non-usage of lock out-tag out system can lead to risk of exposure to the energized parts of an equipment that can result in
1. Electrocution 2. Flashover 3. Burns 4. Damage to the critical process/equipment etc. 5. Legal noncompliance (under electricity rules) for not ensuring
adequate protection measures to prevent an accident
Safety Card B - 01
Electrical Safety Rules
36
• Positively isolate power supply from work area before commencement of any work
• Ensure that the power supply remains securely isolated till the work is completed in all respects
• Test positively for presence of any voltage through a suitable voltage detecting device
• Ensure that residual electrical charge, if any, is discharged to earth through a proper earthing device
• Isolate all adjacent live parts and provide adequate signage’s. Use the right tools and instruments
• Allow qualified and authorized personnel only to work on electrical installations
• Understand exact nature of work to be carried out, correct procedural steps & electrical layout diagram
• Use lock-out-tag-out system effectively• Doubly verify that you are going to work on the desired equipment
under isolation• Preferably keep somebody available with you for your help in an
emergency• Obtain necessary permit to work from the concerned responsible
person
Safety Card B - 01
Electrical Safety Rules
37
Safety Card B - 02
Damaged Cable
•What is wrong in thepictures?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisk?
•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?
•Do you know the rightpractice?
1. Usage of damaged cable can result in: • Electrocution • Flashover • Burns
2. Damage to the critical process/equipment etc 3. Legal non-compliance (under electricity rules & BOCW rules 47) for
not ensuring adequate protection measures to prevent an accident
38
Damaged Cable
• Threshold values of current withstanding capabilities of the human body must be mentioned. For instance 30 mA etc
• Use ELCB/RCCB/RCBO of 30 mA for protection against electric shocks • Wear PPE’s like insulating gloves, rubber soled shoes and use tested
tools/instruments of appropriate type & ratings • Totally avoid damp & wet surfaces • All cable joints should be through power connectors only • Only sheathed cables should be used flexible cords are prohibited. • Cables should be regularly checked for damage of sheath & insulation.
Damaged cables should be removed from site promptly • All cables shall be terminated properly using suitable glands and lugs • Don’t use flexible cords at construction sites• Cables should be aerially routed. In exception cases, if routed under-
ground, it should be protected against the mechanical damage usually caused due to excavators
• Protect the power cables against sharp edges• Ensure that armour of HT cable is earthed• Use the correct size (rating) of cable based on the load requirement
Safety Card B - 02
39
Safety Card B - 03
Connecting Cables
•Canyouidentifythepotentialhazardsinthepictures?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?•Areyouawareoftherightpractices?
1. Usage of damaged light fixture can result in: • Electrocution • Flashover • Fire
2. Improper installation can also result in poor illumination at site3. A Poorly installed light fixture can cause flowing of leakage current;
fall of fixture during high velocity winds4. Entanglement & fall of person due to poorly laid power cables
40
Safety Card B - 03
Connecting Cables
• Remove from Site any equipment that is unsafe to use• Check for proper termination of cables, especially the cable grips
(Cable Glands including Gland earthing & Shrouds)• Site to ensure proper arrangements for mounting of light fixtures• Proper storage of fixtures• Avoid using lamps beyond 24 volts while working in a confined
space/highly inflammable environment. Usage of flameproof fitting mandated for inflammable environments
• Ensure safe & adequate vertical/horizontal clearance while using lamp posts located near overhead lines
• Ensure that rain water doesn’t cause fusing of lamp/ flowing of leakage current
41
•Do you know the risks ofunlockedswitch-boards?
•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
1. Unlocked switchboard can lead has following risks: • Unauthorized operation • Flash arc coming out of panel door causing serious burns • Fire
2. Legal non-compliance as per rule 47 of BOCW rules; rule 34 of electricity rules
Safety Card B - 04
Unlocked Switchboards - Indoors
42
Safety Card B - 04
Unlocked Switchboards - Indoors
• All doors and covers of live switchboards must be securely closed and locked as applicable
• All protective devices like relays, circuit breakers etc., must be fully functional and tested at regular intervals
• Earthing connections should be maintained as per manufacturer’s recommendations and with proper connectivity(minimum contact resistance, proper lugs, star washers etc.,)
43
• Ensure that explosion vents (for HV switchboards wherever provided) are properly secured
• Defined controls(Isolation, LOTO, PTW etc.,) shall be positively implemented before any work is carried out in an electrical distribution board
• Only qualified and experienced personnel should be allowed to work in an electrical installation
• Identification tag for panels that are energized & not energized• Establish access control for the panels that are energized but not
handed over to the customer• Provide first aid fire fighting arrangements at energized panels• Persons working must understand the wiring diagram correctly
before start of the work
•Canyourecognizetheerrorsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
Construction switchboards should have:
1. Protective cover or door that will not damage power cables when closed
2. Way of keeping the cover or door open for electrical installation work Connection to the incoming electricity supply by a direct method (wired to terminals and not by socket outlets or connecting devices)
3. Extension lead tie-bar to prevent strain on the plug and socket outlet connection insulated cables stands for the support of cables and extension leads off the ground weatherproofing if located outdoors or any-where subject to water exposure a clear area of 1 m at the front
Safety Card B - 05
Unlocked Switchboards - Outdoors
44
Safety Card B - 05
Unlocked Switchboards - Outdoors
• Joints shall be made of standard plugs socket / in junction boxes and not by twisting strands and covering with insulation tape
• ELCB of 30 mA to be used on Construction Switchboard• Canopy/ Shed to be provided to protect from extreme Environments• Switchboard to be earthed appropriately• Switchboards to be marked with the warning sign with the caution
word “DANGER” and indicating highest voltage likely to be present• Switchboards to be kept locked to prevent unauthorized entry
45
Improper Junction Boxes
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Unsafe distribution boards/extension boards has following risks 2. Toppling of boards leading to electric shock, fire, and injuries3. Entanglement & fall4. Flashover/electric shock due to ingress of water/lizard/rats etc5. Ingress of water causing leakage current/shock6. Legal non-compliance as per rule 47 of BOCW rules; rule 34 of
electricity rules
46
Safety Card B - 06
Improper Junction Boxes
• Industrial Plug & sockets to be standardized & periodically inspected for its healthiness
• Cable for these distribution boards is safely routed to avoid any incident
• Short circuit, O/L & Earth leakage circuit breakers - 30 mA • Cables terminated through glands & lugs • Proper earthing with lugs and star washers • Ensure that the distribution boards, extension boards are kept at safe
place including safe access• The outdoor distribution /extension boards designed to avoid rain
water ingress
47
Safety Card B - 06
Electrical Safety Distances
•Do you know theminimum distances forelectricalsafety?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Do you know theconsequences?
Distances:
<1 kV = 1,0 meter
1-110 kV = 3,0 meter
>110 kV - 220 kV = 4,0 meter >220 kV - 380 kV = 5,0 meter
48
Safety Card B - 07
Electrical Safety Distances
• Clearly marked barriers to be erected to protect from overhead power lines
• Long items shall not be carried vertically in switch yards• Permit to Work system to be followed for electrical maintenance work
or working on or near live equipment• Any work or alterations shall be carried out only in presence of
competent person• Metal Ladders & Scaffolds should not be used in close proximity to
energized area where an electrical hazard may result from their use• If Ladder/ Scaffolding is used within high voltage enclosures or in
situations where there is induction, bonding of the structure is to be ensured to the earthing system
• A clear route to be planned/ marked for Hydra, Man lifter or other equipment to work in energized area
• Always assume that power lines are live unless we have informed you otherwise in writing
• Take into consideration the swinging of the power lines because of the wind into account
49
Safety Card B - 07
Hand Digging
1. Severe explosion and injury due to underground flammable gas utility2. Fire due to damaged gas line during digging & flammable source in
the vicinity3. Exposure to underground electricity utility & chances of electric shock4. Environmental harm
•Can you recognize thehazardsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
50
Safety Card B - 08
Hand Digging
• Make sure that you have up-to-date copies of cable record plans at site
• Locate all of the cables shown on the plans using a Cable Avoidance Tool
• By hand, dig trial holes to locate the exact position of all cables• Always use a spade or shovel, never use a pick, fork or power tool• Cables should be at least 450 mm deep: Never assume this as ground
levels could have changed• Wear Rubber Gloves and other appropriate PPE’s• Tools inspection is to be done prior to start of the work• Hand tools used for digging are to be insulated• Treat all cables found anywhere as ‘live’ until proven otherwise• Where cables have been exposed, suitable precautions should be
taken to prevent damage while other works are proceeding e.g. by use of physical means such as timber boarding or sand bags
51
Safety Card B - 08
Transformer, LT Panel and HT Panel
52
•Do you know the Hazards ofTransformer,LT&HTPanel?
•DoyouknowtheRisksassociatedwithTransformer,LT&HTPanel?
•Can you suggest measure toeliminate/minimize Hazards/RisksassociatedwithTransformer,LT&HTPanel?
Hazards Risks
Fault current passing through the body of Transformer, LT and HT Panel
Electric shock, Electrocution
Inadequate/ineffective earthing Electric shock, Electrocution
Inadvertent contact between live Bus Bar with another conductor or earthed surface
Electric Flashover, Electric Arc – Joule Burn
Unauthorized entry/access Sabotage, Electrocution
Restricted space around panels Accidental contact – electric shock
Absence of danger signage Taking chance - electric shock
Safety Card B - 09
Transformer, LT Panel and HT Panel
53
• Construction, installation and maintenance of Transformer & Panels shall conform to specified legal and code requirements
• Transformer and Panels shall be secured against unauthorized entry/access
• Rubber mats shall be provided in the Panel Room• Area around Panel shall be free of any obstructions • Panel Room shall be dry, well-lit and ventilated• Necessary signage(s) and emergency contacts shall be displayed• Only competent person shall be allowed to work on Transformer and
Panel• A protocol shall be prepared and followed for Shutdown and
Maintenance Work• Work Permits as applicable shall be obtained• PPE suitable for work in electrical environment shall be used• Non sparking tools and low voltage lamp (24 V)
Control Measures
Safety Card B - 09
Safety Card C - 01
Slip, Trip & Fall - Bridge
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
Trailing cables, open trenches, unsecured gratings without guard rails, which may result in slip, trip and fall hazard.Common contributing causes for slips, trips & falls are :
1. Poor housekeeping2. Wet or dry contamination on the floor 3. Walking on surfaces that do not have the same degree of traction 4. A fall may occur when the foot strikes an object resulting in a loss of
balance
54
Safety Card C - 01
Slip, Trip & Fall - Bridge
• It is preferred to use of fall prevention systems, such as guardrails, than fall protection systems, such as safety nets etc
• Plan access routes• Keep all Bridges clean and clear• Stack or place materials, tools and other equipment in such way that
they do not block the access to the Bridge• Wipe out spilt oil, grease or liquids immediately. Special attention
shall be given to removal of slipping and tripping hazards • Ensure proper illumination during night work
55
Safety Card C - 02
Slip, Trip & Fall - Missing Plates
•Can you recognize theerrorsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
Canyouspotwhatismissing?
1. Cover every opening or hole as soon as created.
2. Cover / plates must be made of a strong material.
56
Safety Card C - 02
Slip, Trip & Fall - Missing Plates• Must be secured appropriately (no overlapping) to prevent slip, trip
& fall hazards• Cover Plates removed for work to be immediately placed after the
completion of work• Damaged cover/plates to be strictly avoided• Holes, penetrations and openings through which a person could fall
should be made safe immediately after being formed• Covers are a good control measure• When used, must be made of a strong material to prevent persons or
objects falling through• Must be securely fixed to prevent any dislodgement or accidental
removal
57
Safety Card C - 03
Slip, Trip & Fall - Manhole
•Can you recognize theerrorsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
58
Safety Card C - 03
Slip, Trip & Fall - Manhole
• If a manhole or floor opening is kept open, provide hard barricading and display caution board
• The warning board should be seen in the dark as well• As far as possible plan the work in such a manner that work is
completed and opening is closed at the same time• Ensure that covers of manholes are strong enough to withstand load
of person/s. Covers is to be replaced as per the ageing/wear and tear• Do not smoke, light open flames, or produce sparks near open man-
holes• Beware of rodents inside the manholes like tanks and cable trenches
59
Safety Card C - 04
Slip, Trip & Fall - Waterhole
•Can you recognize theerrorsinthepictures?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
60
Safety Card C - 04
Slip, Trip & Fall - Waterhole
• Provide hard barricading with warning signs to avoid fall of person / drowning
• Access control to be strictly implemented • Dewatering pumps to be adequate in numbers to cater the dewatering
requirement (including spare pumps)• Frequency of dewatering to be as per the quantity of water
accumulation• If possible excavation for foundations can be planned in phased
manner to avoid one time water logging at all foundation pits
61
Safety Card C - 05
Cutting Hazard
•Can you recognize theerrorsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
Serious cutting hazards are from:1. Construction steel 2. Protruding objects 3. Cut edges of steel not grinded adequately 4. Cutting tools without guards 5. Barbed wire stored improperly etc
62
Safety Card C - 05
Cutting Hazard
• All areas having a potential for a cut injury should be suitably isolated or barricaded
• Construction materials having sharp edges should be suitably smoothened and should be free of any protruding burrs or sharp projections
• All extensions and sharp protruding objects e.g., Nails, bars etc., should be suitably bent or cut to avoid any cut hazards
• All cutting tools should be positively guarded
63
Safety Card C - 06
Stabbing Hazard
•Can you recognize theerrorsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
1. Guard all protruding ends of steel rebar with rebar caps 2. Bend rebar so that exposed ends are no longer upright 3. Cut rebar
64
Safety Card C - 06
Stabbing Hazard
• Use of rebar caps are mandatory • Access to work locations should be arranged in such a manner that
there is minimum contact with areas where projecting rebar’s are exposed
65
Safety Card C - 07
Confined Space
66
•Do you understand how aConfinedSpaceisdifferentthanotherspaces?
•Do you know the Hazards ofworkinginaConfinedSpace?
•Do you know the Risksassociated with working in aConfinedSpace?
•Can you suggest measure toeliminate/minimize Hazards/RisksassociatedwithConfinedSpace?
Confined Space is characterised as a space that1. Is large enough for an employee to enter fully and perform the
assigned work;2. Is not designed for continuous occupancy by the employee; and3. Has a limited or restricted means of entry or exit
Storage Tank, Process Vessel, Pipe, Tunnel, Pit, Tanker, Silo, Manhole, Digester, Wagon, Boiler, Vat, Reaction Vessel etc. are examples of Confined Spaces. Atmosphere inside the Confined Space may be hot and humid. Also atmospheric conditions inside the Confined Space may pose risks to health and life. Confined Space by design and also due to unfavourable geometry, ventilation and hazardous atmosphere poses serious hazards and risks to health, safety and wellbeing of the employees.
Safety Card C - 07
Confined Space
67
Hazards Risks
Dark, cramped and isolated space Claustrophobia
Sudden release of gas/liquid/chemical in the Confined Space
Engulfment or Encapsulation
Constricted entry and work space Configuration
Hot & Humid Atmosphere • Sweating, Dehydration, Heat Stress, Fainting• Mosquito Breeding – Mosquito Bite - Flue• Growth & sustenance of reptiles and insects
Snake/Insect Bite
Opening of Confined Space Fall of materials, tools, person, animal
Hazardous Atmosphere Immediate Danger to Life & Health (IDLH)
Control Measures• Medical examination and fitness
certification of the entrants• Barricade the Confined Space
for restricting entry• Display of Signage and
Emergency Contacts • Continuous gas monitoring in
case of IDLH atmosphere• Deploy competent Supervisor
and Standby person• Define & communicate roles
and responsibility of Supervisor, Standby and Entrant
• Pre-work and post-work briefing
• Measure atmospheric gases inside the Confined Space and ascertain whether IDLH condition exists
• Apply ventilation (natural/forced) • Apply LOTO as per the requirements• Obtain Work Permits• Evolve communication process and
supporting tools• Source and use the specified PPE
like SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus)
• Non-sparking tools and low voltage lamp (24 V)
• Develop & deploy Emergency Plan including Fire Extinguishers
Safety Card C - 08
Stability of Hoarding
•Whatiswronginthepictures?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisk?•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?•Doyouknowtherightpractice?
1. High speed wind may drive hoarding away & may fall on workers injuring them
2. Security threat if gap between panels or loosely fitted panels3. Sharp edges of metal sheet can be a injury hazard
68
Safety Card C - 08
Stability of Hoarding
• Minimum distance of 5 mm is to be kept between panels in order to prevent wind damage
• Metal sheets to be painted to avoid glare• Can be used to display EHS posters• Stability of the hoarding can be improved with proper design and
provision of cross members which are securely fixed• No heavy materials should be kept leaning against the hoardings
69
Safety Card C - 09
Guard Railing
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpact of theserisks?
1. Guard railing prevents unauthorised persons entering hazardous area of work, i.e., excavations minimizing hazards of accidents
2. Fall of a person may happen in hazardous area if guard railing is not sturdy enough to take a weight of over-reaching/leaning load of a man
3. Reversing vehicle may fall in excavated pits leading to high risk to men & property damage
70
Safety Card C - 09
Guard Railing
• Top rail, mid rail & toe guards need to be provided with standard engineering practices and able to bear minimum weight capacities
• Warning boards & cross barricading tape across guard rail can give visual signal to reversing vehicle
• Display signage of not leaning out on barricades• Barricade not to be used as a anchoring facility for lifting devices
71
Safety Card C - 10
Cover Plates
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Cover plates not placed on open trench can cause slip, trip & fall hazards
2. It covers the structure and protects it from corrosion due to weather, sunlight, and salt
3. It also provides a scaffolding function to allow frequent, safe and accurate close visual inspections
72
Safety Card C - 10
Cover Plates
• Cover plates to be placed immediately on trench after the work• Cover plates prevent water logging in rainy season. • Proper planning for timely availability of cover plates is essential.
73
Safety Card C - 11
Fire Load in Channels
•Doyouknowwhatcausedtheextensivefire?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisk?•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?•Doyouknowtherightpractice?
1. Fire hazard due to wooden shuttering material at site2. Fire hazard due to cutting oils used & cotton material used during
shuttering work
74
Safety Card C - 11
Fire Load in Channels
• Reduce ignition sources• Material kept on site, which can burn, should be avoided• Crumbs or fine materials are more easily ignited than the bulk material• Materials have different flammability• Heat is required to complete fire triangle. Keep site clean & away from
ignition sources• Inflammable materials must be stored separately & immediately
work completed with provision of fire extinguishers
75
Safety Card C - 12
Debris in Installations/Channels
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theImpactoftherisks?
Hazards of:1. Slip 2. Trip 3. Fall
76
Safety Card C - 12
Debris in Installations/Channels
• Debris must be kept cleared from work areas, passageways, and stairs• Debris pose slipping and tripping hazard• Remove debris at regular intervals during the course of construction• Create a debris area to prevent fire and tripping hazards• Cover plates to be placed immediately on trench after the work
77
Safety Card C - 13
Excavation & Cable Trench
78
•Do you know the Hazards ofexcavation?
•Do you know the Risksassociatedwiththeexcavation?
•Can you suggest measure toeliminate/minimize Hazards/Risks?
Hazards Risks
Free entry into excavation area Fall of man, material, vehicle, animal
Unprotected edges and over burden Cave in, Soil Collapse (encapsulation)
Encountering under-ground utilities Accident – electric shock, flooding, explosion
Adjacent Structure Collapse of structure
Overburden on edges Falling load
Inadequate access/egress Accident – injuries, caught in, failure to escape
Mobile equipment/vehicular traffic Falling Mobile equipment/vehicle
Hazardous atmosphere Fire, explosion, exposure
Safety Card C - 13
Excavation & Cable Trench
79
• Hard Barricade the excavation 2m away from the edges with toe Board and mid rail
• Determine underground utilities; relocate or isolate before excavation• Use non-sparking tools in electrical or gaseous environment• Undertake soil testing to know the strength of the soil• Deploy Sloping/Shoring/Benching beyond 1.5m depth to prevent
cave in• Use Sloping/Shoring/Benching depending upon the soil strength and
availability of land on all sides of the excavation• Shoring & Sheet Piling shall be designed by the competent design
engineer• Depending upon the situation other measures such as Trench Box,
Rock Bolting, and de-watering shall be deployed to prevent collapse of the edges
• Provide proper illumination in the area for night work and area visibility
• Provide appropriate and safe access and egress• Deploy competent person for supervision as well as work• Ensure briefing/debriefing
Control Measures
Story Board Key Learning Area
Excavation Safety Hazards:
Soil Collapse (Encapsulation) Encountering utilities Hazardous atmosphere Adjacent structure Falling loads Inadequate access/egress Vehicular traffic Mobile equipment
Controls:
Barricade {1meter height at distance of 2 meters from edge} Access and egress Illumination Competent person Briefing/ debriefing Sloping/shoring/benching
Soil classification:
Class Strength
A > 1.5 tsf B 1.5 – 0.5 tsfC Less than 0.5 tsf
2 mtrs
Ground Level
2 mtrs
Safety Card C - 13
Excavation Work - IS 3764 : 1992
79 A
13
Story Board – Excavation Safety
Sloping Benching
Stable Rock 90 Not Required
A) ¾ :1 or 53°
53°
1 mtr
¾ 2 mtrs
B) 1:1 or 45°
1
45°
1
C) 1 ½ :1 or 34°
1
1 ½ NOT PERMITTED
Shoring & Sheet piling be design by design engineer Trench – If depth is more than width Beyond 1.5 meter Sloping/Shoring/ Benching shall be deployed as per soil
conditions.
Reference: IS – 3764 – 1992 (2002)
Safety Card C - 13
Excavation Work - IS 3764 : 1992
79 B
Safety Card D - 01
Damaged Hand Tools
•Whatiswronginthepictures?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisk?•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?•Doyouknowtherightpractice?
1. Impact tools (chisels and wedges) when heads have mushroomed2. Tools with loose, cracked or splintered handles3. A screwdriver is used as a chisel4. Tools with taped handles – they may be hiding cracks5. Shift arrangement is made in hammers to secure hammer head
80
Safety Card D - 01
Damaged Hand Tools
• Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance• Use right tools for the job• Examine each tool for damage before use and do not use damaged
tools• Operate tools according to manufacturer’s instructions• Provide and use properly the right Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)• Do not alter hand tools for repairing it
81
Safety Card D - 02
Inappropriate Hand Tools
•Whatiswronginthepicture?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Do you know the impact oftherisk?
•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?
•Do you know the rightpractice?
1. Common causes of injuries while using hand tools, Pliers & Wrenches are wrong selection of tools, using right tools improperly, and lack of training and experience
2. Use of screw drivers for chipping, chiseling, scrapping, digging, testing circuits, making holes, stirring paints, propping doors open and opening lids of cans.
3. Abuse of screw driver by using inappropriate (too big or too small) screw drivers which do not match to the screw head
4. Cut and puncture wounds from slipping of screwdrivers.
82
Safety Card D - 02
Inappropriate Hand Tools
• Use tools for their intended purpose. Don’t use pliers as wrenches. Don’t use wrenches as hammers
• Don’t expose tools to extreme heat and cold. Metals will lose their temper and get brittle
• Don’t extend the handles of tools with sleeves or bars for more leverage and power
• Don’t hammer on the handles of wrenches or pliers to gain more force. The tool could bend, or fly off and injure people
83
Safety Card D - 03
Self-Made Hand Tools
•Can you recognize thepotentialhazardsinthepictureontheleft?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
Hazards posed by self made hand tools include the following:
1. Will not be ergonomically designed for user comfort2. Quality and strength of material of the tool will not be as per
specification which may result in an accident3. Non-usage of right tools for the right job may result in injury
84
Safety Card D - 03
Self-Made Hand Tools
• Do not operate with self made tools• Use the right tool for the job• Operate tools according to the manufacturers’ instructions• Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance• Individuals using the tool should be trained in the basic safety and
proper use of the tool• Hand tools such as chisels and punches, which develop mushroomed
heads during use, must be reconditioned or replaced as necessary• Consider ergonomically designed tools to fit the tool to the worker,
especially those tools that are utilized frequently and repetitively during the day
• Inspect your tools before each job to ensure proper condition
85
Safety Card D - 04
Hand Tools Keeping
•Whatiswronginthepictures?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisk?•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?•Doyouknowtherightpractice?
1. Never put sharp or pointed tools in your pocket 2. Never handle tools with oily surface 3. Hand tools should never be kept in a heap with sharp edges exposed 4. Never keep hand tools in site area along with other tools and materials 5. Never keep defective / damaged hand tools along with good quality
hand tools
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Safety Card D - 04
Hand Tools Keeping
• Keep the tools appropriately away from heat or humidity • Keep the tools sharp & clean for best performance • Ensure proper heights and correct stacking • Allow sufficient space for moving stock • Store hand tools in racks or bins • Do not mix good quality hand tools with damaged hand tools • Keep the floors around stacks & racks clear • Never check sharp edges of hand tools by checking same with your
hand • Store heavier items at the bottom without danger of their falling down
87
Safety Card D - 05
Power Tool - Not Checked
•Whatiswronginthepictures?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisk?•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?•Doyouknowtherightpractice?
1. Electric shock due to live conductors exposed 2. Unguarded grinding wheel 3. Cable joints 4. Earthing not done for power tool 5. Power tools body is not double insulated 6. Use of domestic plug top 7. Accidental starting of power tool which do not have safety switch
88
Safety Card D - 05
Power Tool - Not Checked• Power tools should be properly checked before use with a preventive
maintenance program in place • Must have a 3 wire chord with a ground and be plugged into ground
receptacle • It must be power insulated or be powered by a low voltage transformer • Disconnect power tools when not in use, before servicing and cleaning
them, and when changing accessories such as blades, wheels, bits etc.
• Avoid accidental starting. Do not hold fingers on the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool
• The tools should be properly checked before use with a preventive maintenance programme in place
• They must always be labeled• Must have a 3-wire cord with a ground or be double insulated• Must be fitted with guards and safety switches
89
Safety Card D - 06
Power Tool - Damaged
•Can you recognizethe potentialhazards in thepictureontheleft?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Cable joints with conductor exposed2. Unguarded grinding wheel3. Modification of power tool by unauthorized persons4. Earthing not done for power tool5. Power tools body is not double insulated6. Use of domestic plug top
90
Safety Card D - 06
Power Tool - Damaged
• Never use a damaged or incomplete power tool• Never modify power tools• Never carry power tool by the cord or power cable• Keep the power cord away from heat, oil and sharp edges• Never yank /pull the power cable to disconnect from a receptacle• Maintain power tools with care; keep them clean for best performance• Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches
91
Safety Card D - 07
Damaged Fire Extinguisher
1. Bursting of cylinder / powder spray may harm employees in the vicinity of damaged fire extinguisher
2. Fire can not be extinguished due to low pressure – it may not serve the purpose during emergency situation
3. Cylinder may fall on employee’s body part, if holding arrangement of cylinder is damaged
4. Wrong type of fire extinguisher may be used for extinguishing fire, if its label is worn out
5. Interchangeability of fire extinguisher may happen, if numbering / coding is not maintained
6. Fire extinguisher may not serve the purpose, if not checked and maintained periodically
7. If fire extinguisher is not accessible, then there could be delay in responding to emergency situation
•Can you recognizethe potentialhazards in thepictureontheleft?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
92
Safety Card D - 07
Damaged Fire Extinguisher
• Damaged fire extinguishers should be immediately removed from point of application
• A preventive maintenance programme must be in place• All fire extinguishers should be checked and maintained periodically• Operating instructions must be legible• Fire extinguisher should be kept such that – it is easily accessible• Identify fire extinguishers with numbering system or codes, such that
same fire extinguisher will put back at same location• If safety seals / pins are broken or missing, then fire extinguisher must
be replaced immediately
93
Safety Card D - 08
Powder Actuated Tools
•Do you understand the significance & application ofPowderActuatedTools?
•DoyouknowtheHazardsofPowerActuatedTools?•Doyouknow theRisksassociatedwithPowerActuatedTools?
•Canyousuggestmeasuretoeliminate/minimizeHazards/RisksassociatedwithPowerActuatedTools?
APowderActuatedTool- PAT (often generically called a “Hilti Gun" or a "Ramset Gun" after their manufacturing companies) is a Nail Gun used in construction and manufacturing to join materials to hard substrates such as steel and concrete. Known as "Direct Fastening", this technology relies on a controlled explosion created by small Chemical Propellant, similar to the process that discharges a firearm.
94
Safety Card D - 08
Powder Actuated Tools
Hazards Risks
Free entry into excavation area Accidental Firing – serious injury or death
Contain explosive chemical powder Explosion – serious injuries or death
Using Powder Actuated Tools in electrical, chemical or explosive environment
Explosion – serious injuries or death
High level of noise Noise Induced Hearing Loss, Distraction leading to injuries
Ricochet (rebound) nails/fasteners Struck by rebound nails/fasteners
PATs come in either high velocity or low velocity types. In high velocity tools the propellant acts directly on the fastener. This process is similar to a firearm. Low velocity tools introduce a piston into the chamber. The propellant acts on the piston, which then drives the fastener into the substrate. A powder actuated tool is considered to be low velocity if the average test velocity of the fastener does not exceed 492 feet per second (150 m/s). High velocity tools may not be made or sold in the United States, however some made decades ago are still in use in shipbuilding and steel industries. Powder actuated fasteners are usually nails made of high quality, hardened steel, although there are many specialized fasteners designed for specific applications in the construction and manufacturing industries.
95
• Only trained, competent and authorized persons shall be permitted to operate powder-actuated tools
• Powder-actuated tools operate like loaded guns. Handle powder-actuated tools with the same respect and safety precautions as guns
• Wear safety glasses or goggles, or a face shield (with safety glasses or goggles) and a hard hat
• Wear hearing protection • Brace yourself at all times when working on ladders or scaffolds to
maintain good balance• Keep tools pointed in a safe direction. Never point powder-actuated
tools at anyone• Load powder-actuated tools just before use. Do not carry loaded tools
from job to job• Do not leave loaded powder actuated tools unattended • Do not allow bystanders near the work. Shields for protecting workers
against a possible ricochet may be necessary in the working area• Clean and maintain tools according to the manufacturers’ instructions• Check tools before use to ensure that they are in good working order• Tag defective tools “Out of service” and remove from service until
properly repaired
Control Measures
Safety Card D - 08
Powder Actuated Tools
96
• Store tools and cartridges in a locked container when they are not in use. Ensure that the tool is unloaded before storing it
• Use the tool at right angles to the work surface• Check the chamber to see that the barrel is clean and free from any
obstruction, before using the tool • Do not use the tool where flammable or explosive vapours, dust or
similar substances are present • Do not place your hand over the front (muzzle) end of a loaded tool. • Use only the projectiles (fasteners, nails, studs, etc.) recommended
by the tool manufacturer • Ensure that the base material has no holes or openings and is of
sufficient consistency to prevent a projectile from passing right through
Safety Card D - 08
Powder Actuated Tools
97
Safety Card D - 09
Non Sparking Tools•Do you understand thesignificance & application ofNonSparkingHandTools?
•Do you know the Hazards ofNonSparkingHandTools?
•Do you know the Risksassociated with Non SparkingHandTools?
•Can you suggest measure toeliminate/minimize Hazards/Risks associated with NonSparkingHandTools?
Non sparking, spark reduced, spark-resistant or spark-proof tools are names given to tools made of metals such as brass, bronze, Monel metal (copper-nickel alloy), copper-aluminum alloys (aluminum bronze), or copper-beryllium alloys (beryllium bronze). Commonly used hand tools are often manufactured of steel alloys. Preferred non sparking metals have less tensile strength than steels usually used to make tools. A lower tensile strength means the metal has less strength or resistance to tearing apart when stretched under test conditions. It also means that these tools are softer, wear down more quickly than ordinary steel tools, and have to be dressed more frequently.
98
Safety Card D - 09
Non Sparking ToolsNon-sparking tools also generate sparks sometimes referred to as coldsparks. These cold sparks have a low heat level and do not ignite carbondisulfide, which has the lowest ignition point of any substance known toman. Therefore while non sparking tools may lower the risk of a spark,they do not eliminate the possibility of sparks. The name non-sparking ismisleading because these tools are capable of producing a spark; the termreduced sparking tools better describes these tools.
Non-metals like wood, leather, and plastic are suitable for some tools likeshovels, scrapers or scoops and do not pose a friction spark hazard.
Non-sparking tools provide protection against fires and explosions inenvironments where there is a concern about sparks igniting flammablesolvents, vapors, liquids, dusts or residues. There are many standards andrecommendations that have been published by OSHA (Occupational Healthand Safety Administration), NFPA (National Fire Protection Associationand FM Approvals.
99
Safety Card D - 09
Non Sparking Tools
Both sparking and non sparking materials can cause ignition. Two types of hazards are associated with tools manufactured of either material:
Hazards & Risks
• Ignition by friction - with impact on each other or on other materials such as steel or concrete, in which an ordinary (mechanical or frictional) spark is generated. All tools can ignite flammable mixtures by sparks generated by friction or impact. However, this is true only when the generated spark is incendive that means a spark that has to have enough heat content (enough mass and sufficiently high temperature) and has to last long enough to heat a flammable air-vapour mixture above its ignition temperature. This is more likely in the case of sparks formed when using a metal grinder that a spark generated when a hammer strikes some metal
• Ignition by a chemically-generated spark, caused by impact between certain metals and some oxygen-containing substances (such as rust, which is iron oxide)
The hazards mentioned above gives rise to risksofexplosionandfire.
100
Safety Card D - 09
Non Sparking Tools
• Make sure all non-sparking tools are kept clean and free from ferrous or other contaminants, which may hamper the non-sparking properties
• Do not use non-sparking hand tools in direct contact with acetylene, which may form explosive acetylides, especially in the presence of moisture
• Use local or mechanical ventilation systems as appropriate to remove hazardous materials, dusts and vapours from the workplace
• Follow normal safety procedures when sharpening non-sparking tools such as the provision of eye and face protection, adequate extraction and dust collection facilities
Control Measures
101
Safety Card D - 10
Mounting Material - Storage
•Can you see theerror?
1. Unsafe way of storage of mounting materials2. Stored in open and soiled condition, the material may be susceptible
to rusting, corrosion etc3. Due to uneven storage, the required type of material may not be
easily traceable
102
Mounting Material - Storage
• Mounting material properly stored, away from heat, humidity and dirt
• Each of the mounting material is segregated and labelled for easy identification
• This type of storage helps in wide variety of mounting material saving on space and easy retrieval
103
Safety Card D - 10
Safety Card E - 01
Safety on Railway Tracks
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
1. Run-over by moving trains2. Hit by moving objects while carrying out work3. Press between objects while carrying out work4. Tripping hazard on the tracks
104
Safety on Railway Tracks
• Take “Power Blocks” from concerned authority while carrying out jobs in live railway tracks
• Define “Battery Limit” / the LIMIT Zones of safe work area. Secure the work area
• Depute “Signal Man” who will watch the train movements and communicate to crew members if required
• Enter to railway track area only if needed• Do not cross over to the adjacent track (UP / DN)• Follow established “Work Methods”• Convey the controls measures to all your coworkers• Check for any unsafe condition for you or your coworkers• Use proper tools and tackles as per requirements• If work is carried out during night. Provide adequate illumination• Wear PPE as required
105
Safety Card E - 01
Safety Card E - 02
Warning Devices
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
Due to improper communication, the working crew may be endangered from moving trains
106
Safety Card E - 02
Warning Devices
• Use “Mass Communication” and other warning devices (e.g., Flags, Flash Battens / Lights) as required
• Depute “Signal Man” for individual crews if jobs are not carried in vicinity to each others
• Do not get distracted by chatting or by back-ground noise• Take “Power Blocks” from concerned authority while carrying out
jobs in live railway tracks• Work inside “Battery Limit” / LIMIT Zones. Do not cross over to the
adjacent track• Follow established “Work Methods” and instructions • Be careful about the tripping hazard while moving on railway tracks• Don’t work alone in isolated work place in railway track
107
Safety Card E - 03
Rail Lifting Clamps
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Crane may topple due to improper work methods / rigging practices2. Press between objects / Hit by objects while carrying out rigging
operations3. Hit by swinging loads4. Falling loads over person
108
Rail Lifting Clamps• Establish proper erection schemes defining capacity and position of
cranes as per the loads • Rigging methods to be followed mentioning the type of “Hitch” • The tools and tackles to be used. E.g., type of clamp (compatible to
rails), slings / lifting belts etc • Follow established “Work Methods” and instructions given by the
safety officer• Use proper and safe lifting equipments, rigging gears and “tools &
tackles”• Stay away from lifting loads• Use ‘GUY’ ropes to control swinging of suspended loads. Stay away
of suspended of loads• Use required PPE’s
109
Safety Card E - 03
Safety Card E - 04
Hazard Zones
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Run-over or 2. Hit by moving trains
110
Safety Card E - 04
Hazard Zones• Take “Power Blocks” from concerned authority while carrying out
jobs in live railway tracks• Work inside “Battery Limit” / LIMIT Zones. Do not cross over to the
adjacent track• Depute “Signal Man” for individual crews if jobs are not carried in
vicinity to each others• Enter to railway track area only if needed. Do not sit on railway track• Do not cross over to the adjacent track (UP / DN)• If work is carried out during night. Provide adequate illumination• Use “Mass Communication” and other warning devices (e.g., Flags,
Flash Battens / Lights) as required• Do not get distracted from your surroundings by the work you are
doing• Follow established “Work Methods” and instructions given by the
safety officer• Don’t work alone in isolated work place in railway track. • Check for any unsafe condition for you or your coworkers
111
Safety Card E - 05
Rail Chocks
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. 1. Hit by moving trains. While stationary due to improper breaking arrangements and / or gradient in railway tracks
2. Hit by / press between objects while putting chocks
112
Safety Card E - 05
Rail Chocks
• Use chocks to prevent train from moving • Do not use chocks to stop a moving train• Apply brake before installing chocks • Chock both ends of the train
113
Safety Card E - 06
Extreme Noisy Works
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. People exposed to high noise levels may suffer “NITTS” (Noise Induced Temporary Threshold Syndrome). Any noise above 80 decibels for continuous 8 hours duration is harmful
2. Hair cells in ear are damaged due to constant exposure to noise3. Damaged hair cells slowly die if exposure continues4. Interference in communication5. Decreased productivity6. Increased accident rate7. Lack of concentration
114
Safety Card E - 06
Extreme Noisy Works
• As part of Engineering Control the approach can be – 1. Temporary enclosure of noisy work place to minimize the zone
of noise affected areas Isolation2. Regular maintenance 3. Acoustic treatment of walls and buildings4. Mufflers and Silencers5. Anti vibration mounts6. Administrative Controls like limited time of exposure etc7. PPE - Use the ear protection that works for you, such as
earmuffs, flanged earplugs, foam earplugs or banded earplugs • Periodical Medical Checkup for those workmen. As a part of
administrative control, rotation of job of affected workmen if required, to prohibit permanent hearing disability
1. Ear plugs reduce 29 dbs2. Ear muffs reduce 22 dbs
115
Safety Card E - 07
Catenaries
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Falling from Height2. Struck by Falling of Tools & Tackles and materials3. Hit by moving objects4. Struck in between objects
116
*Catenaries:A catenary is the curve describing a rope or chain hanging loosely between two fixed points (eg; a hanging electrical grid)
Safety Card E - 07
Catenaries• As part of safe access, Use RRV
(Rail Road Vehicle) with Platform, OMV (Over Head Maintenance Vehicle), Articulated Boom Lift, Mobile Scaffold Trolleys and / or Other Access Equipments compatible to Railway Track
• Take “Power Blocks” (tag outs) from concerned authority while carrying out jobs in live railway tracks
Follow Electrical safety rules applicable. E.g.,
• Obtaining Electrical Work Permit from concerned authority
• Ensure circuit is dead from a distance
• Ensure LOTO Procedure• Use RDSO approved “Traction
Discharge Rods” in both side of working zones to create “Battery Limit”
• Ensure Head counts before and after the “Shut Down” activity and before withdrawing “Shut Down”
• Use proper tools and railway vehicle to carry stringing activity
• Are overhead lines or wires used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolley buses or trains. Consider them always as live
• Define “Battery Limit” / the LIMIT Zones of safe work area. Secure the work area
• Depute “Signal Man” who will watch the train movements and communicate to crew members if required
• Follow established “Work Methods” and instructions given by the safety officer
• Convey the controls measures to all your coworkers
• Check for any unsafe condition for you or your coworkers
• If work is carried out during night. Provide adequate illumination.
• Wear PPE as required
117
Safety Card E - 08
Signal Posts
•Canyourecognizethehazardsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
1. Absence of signal post may result in hit by moving trains2. No means of communications to the approaching trains and people
working in the vicinity3. Without signal post is in place, the Movement of trains is left to the
judgment of the train driver. Can be a potential cause of an accident
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Safety Card E - 08
Signal Posts• Do not get distracted by chatting
or back-ground noise• Use “Mass Communication”
and other warning devices (e.g., Flags, Flash Battens / Lights) as required
• Depute “Signal Man” for individual crews if jobs are not carried in vicinity to each others
• For moving construction related vehicle in railway premises, take “Power Blocks” from Railway Authority
• Check for any unsafe condition for you or your coworkers
• Make sure that your signals are followed
• Remember, the security of others depends on you
• Follow the instructions of the security / safety officer
• Do not leave the workplace unless you’ve been told to
• Caution against collision with moving or stationary railway trains
• Don’t allow trespassers in the working zones. If required, guide them with proper signals to go across the place
119
Poisonous SnakesCan you identify the four snakes shown below?
1.
Almost70-80%ofsnakesarenon-poisonousinIndia.Thesnakebiteisidentifiedbytypicalbitemarks.Arecentstudyshowsthatthepoisonof
thesnakespreadsthroughlymphaticbeneaththeskin.
2.
3. 4.
Saw-scaledviper• It makes a saw-like
sound • It attacks extremely fast • Also called Indian saw-
scaled viper or little Indian viper
Cobra• Found in South India
coloured yellow or brown
• Found in North Indian coloured dark brown or black
Russell’sorchainviper• Before it attacks it will
warn with a high-pitched whistle like a pressure cooker
CommonKrait• Found in dark, dry
places
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Safety Card F - 01
Poisonous Snakes
Basicprecautionstobetaken:
1. Keep entire site area clean and free from bushes, weeds and waste matter
2. Maintain good housekeeping standards and proper storage of materials. Take extra precautions during monsoons
FirstAidTreatment:
• Reassure the casualty. Keep the casualty’s bitten part below the level of the heart
• Tie a tight bandage 2-3 inches above the bite mark. The bandage should be tight enough to pass one finger beneath the bandage and you should be able to feel pulse beyond the bite mark
• Do not allow the casualty to run or even walk• Clean the wound with soap and water, apply antiseptic and dress the
wound • Carry the casualty to a nearby Civil or Municipal hospital for anti-
snake venom injection
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Pleasenote: Do not bite the snake bite wound with your mouth. The poison may enter your mouth wounds and shall be fatal.
Safety Card F - 01
Dangerous Scorpions
1. 2.
Giantblackscorpion
Most dangerous species in India
Indianredscorpion
The most common species, it kills 50-80 persons every year.
Identify the different scorpions shown below?
1. A person who has been stung by a scorpion may feel a painful, tingling, burning or numbing sensation at the sting site
2. In general, the sting usually causes discomfort that slowly decreases over time. The discomfort usually ranges from moderate to severe
3. The reaction at the sting site may appear mild. However, sometimes, a person experiencing a serious reaction may develop severe symptoms throughout the body
4. Severe symptoms include widespread numbness, difficulty in swallowing, a thick tongue, blurred vision, roving eye movements, seizures, salivation, and difficulty in breathing
5. These symptoms constitute a medical emergency and death may occur
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Safety Card F - 02
Dangerous Scorpions• There are around 86 different species of scorpions found in India, out
of which 50 are dangerous to people• The Giant Indian Black Scorpion is one of the most dangerous
resulting in death of human beings• The common red Indian scorpion bite has killed around 50-80 persons
every year in India
Control measures in the case of a sting
1. Use ice bags to reduce pain and to slow the absorption of venom by vasoconstriction*. This is most effective during the first 2 hours following the sting
2. Immobilize the affected part in a functional position below the level of the heart to delay venom absorption
3. Calm the patient to lower the heart rate and blood pressure, thus limiting the spread of the venom
4. Tie a tight bandage 2-3 inches above the bite mark. The bandage should be tight enough to pass one finger beneath the bandage and you should be able to feel pulse beyond the bite mark
5. Clean the wound with soap and water, apply antiseptic and dress the wound
6. Seek the advice of a medical doctor
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*vasoconstriction: the constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels which increases blood pressure.
Safety Card F - 02
Safety Card F - 03
Centipede
•Can you recognizethe risks in thepicture?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. The bite can cause severe pain, swelling, vomiting, headache, etc2. Removing organic debris reduces the chance of invading centipedes 3. A person who has been bitten by a centipede may feel a pain, swelling,
redness or numbing sensation in the area of bite 4. People who are allergic to centipede venom may also have difficulty
breathing, rapid heart rate & swelling in throat
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Safety Card F - 03
Centipede
• Removing organic debris or mulch from around can greatly reduce the chance of invading millipedes or centipedes
• The bite can cause severe pain, swelling, vomiting, headache, etc• Wash the exposed area with plenty of soap and water. DO NOT use
alcohol to wash the area• Wash eyes with plenty of water if any toxin gets in there• Place ice (wrapped in a washcloth or other suitable covering) on the
site of the bite for 10 minutes and then off for 10 minutes. Repeat this process
• In case there is an allergic reaction, seek the advice of a medical doctor
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Safety Card F - 04
Dogs
•Can you recognizethe risks in thepicture?
•Do you know theconsequences oftherisks?
1. When a Person is bitten by a dog and the dog is suffering from disease like rabies, then the virus passes through the saliva of the dog and finds its way to the nerves &then to the brain of the person bitten Symptoms of Hydrophobia occurs which is invariably fatal
2. Dogs suffering from rabies become furious, refuse to eat food and drink; saliva dribbles out from the mouth and become the carriers of the disease
3. In case of a dog bite the person bitten should take anti rabies injection strictly as per the doctor’s advice
4. Any unidentified dog runs the risk of carrying rabies. If the dog cannot be identified and the owner cannot show proof of rabies vaccination, the victim must seek medical attention. Rabies is always fatal to humans if not treated
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Safety Card F - 04
Dogs
• Encourage bleeding from the wound: if it is not already bleeding, gently squeeze the wound to ensure that the wound bleeds which will help prevent bacteria from entering the wound
• Control any excessive bleeding by following appropriate steps. Avoid using a tourniquet unless there is severe bleeding that cannot be controlled any other way
• Once the bleeding is controlled, clean the wound with soap and warm water. Do not be afraid to clean inside the wound. Be sure to rinse all the soap away, or it will cause irritation later
• Cover the wound with a clean, dry dressing. You can put antibiotic ointment on the wound before covering. Watch for signs of infection like redness, swelling & pus
• Seek the advice of a medical doctor
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Safety Card F - 05
Aconitum
•Can you recognizethe risks in thepicture?
•Do you know theconsequences oftherisks?
1. Roots of this plant are poisonous2. Poisoning may also occur following picking the leaves without
wearing gloves; the aconitine toxin is absorbed easily through the skin
3. In this event, there will be no gastrointestinal effects. Tingling will start at the point of absorption and extend up the arm to the shoulder, after which the heart will start to be affected. The tingling will be followed by unpleasant numbness
4. Fatal poisoning causes death usually within two to six hours mainly due to paralysis of the heart or of the respiratory centre resulting in asphyxia
5. Mild poisoning may cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; and sensation of burning, tingling, and numbness in the mouth and face, and of burning in the abdomen
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Safety Card F - 05
Aconitum
• Close monitoring of blood pressure and cardiac rhythm• Gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal can be used
if given within one hour of ingestion • Antidote is atropine, which is used to treat brachycardia. Other drugs
are used for ventricular arrhythmia• Seek the advice of a medical doctor
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Safety Card G - 01
Harness TypeDo you know the four harness types below? Do you know how to inspect them?
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# Type Description Image
1 Work restraint belt
Prevents person from entering fall zone. Not de-signed to stop / sustain fall to prevent walking or falling off an elevated work surface.
2 Work positioning belt
To physically move person into place of work and/or support the person in such a way to prevent a fall. Work positioning belts include side D-rings located on each hip and hold and sustain the person at a specific work location.
3 Suspension harness
Used to suspend a person for a prolonged time.
4 Full body harness
To arrest user in the event of a fall. It does not prevent fall from happening. Full body harnesses are de-signed to arrest the most severe free falls.
Harness Type
Inspectionoffullbodyharness
• It is important to carry out pre-use checks and regular documented inspections of fall arrest equipment
• Grasp the webbing with your hands apart, bend the webbing. Watch for pulled stitches, cuts, burns and chemical damages
• Check D-rings for distortion, cracks, breaks and rough or sharp edges. The D-ring should pivot freely. Also check the attachment point of the D-ring to make sure it is secure
• The buckles are to be given special attention. Note any unusual wear, damage or distortion
• Check all stitching for ripped or pulled stitches and to make sure the webbing joints are not loose
Safety Card G - 01
HazardsandRisks
• Deformed hardware (cracks/rough or sharp edges) and/or loose, distorted or broken grommets, knotted webbing etc
• Webbing cuts/abrasions, broken stitching, frayed/burned webbing, chemical damage, discolouration, weld splatter
• Proper training not provided – wrong harness selected for a particular situation, and not worn properly
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Safety Card G - 02
Do you know what to inspect in a lanyard?
Rotation of the rope lanyard while inspecting from end-to-end for any fuzzy, worn, broken or cut fibres. Weakened areas from extreme loads will appear as a noticeable change in original diameter. The rope diameter should be uniform through-out, following a short break-in period.
Lanyard Types
While bending webbing over a pipe, observe each side of the webbed lanyard. This will reveal any cuts or breaks. Swelling, discolouration, cracks and charring are obvious signs of chemical or heat damage. Observe closely for any breaks in stitching.
The outer portion of the pack should be examined for burn holes and tears. Stitching on areas where the pack is sewn to D-rings. Belts, or lanyards should be examined for loose strands, rips, and deterioration.
3.WebLanyard 4.RopeLanyard 5.ShockAbsorberPack
1. Thimbles (rope lanyard): The thimble must be firmly seated in the eye of the splice, and the splice should have no loose or cut strands. The edges of the thimble must be free of sharp edges, distortion, or cracks.
2.Snaps:Inspect closely for hook and eye distortions, cracks, corrosion, or pitted surfaces. The keeper (latch) should seat into the nose without binding and should not be distorted or obstructed. The keeper spring should exert sufficient force to firmly close the keeper. Keeper locks must prevent the keeper from opening when the keeper closes.
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Safety Card G - 02
Lanyard Types
Alanyardisaflexible linkbetweencomponents(e.g.,aharnessandananchordevice)ofafallprotectionsystem.Theyaretypicallymadefromtextileropeorwebbing,withaneyeateachendtoallowconnectorstobefitted,orconstructedasaclosedcircularloop.
Singlelanyards:Single lanyards are generally used when the area of work is close to a suit-able anchor point.
Twinlanyards:Twin lanyards are sometimes known as Y - shaped lanyards. They have two lanyards (or “arms”) which are attached to a single shared energy absorber.
EnergyAbsorber:An energy absorbing element, which limits the impact force to 6KN. It comprises of a block of webbing which is either woven or stitched together, and which opens progressively in the event of a fall. Energy absorbers must conform to EN 355,
Doublelanyards:This method is used when it is necessary to move around a structure which does not have another method of fall protection fitted, e.g. a lattice telecom tower.
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Safety Card G - 03
Harness Handling
•Do you know howtowearaharness?
1. A properly fitted FullBodyHarness (FBH) ensures proper distribution of fall arrest forces
2. A FBH that is too loose when involved in a fall, could exert dangerous levels of pressure on certain areas of the body
3. Chest strap could rise to the neck, posing a potential choking hazard, and the final position of the sub-pelvic straps could result in serious in-jury and/or cause extreme pain for male workers
4. A FBH that is too tight will be uncomfortable, and improperly distribute forces in the event of a fall
5. Rule of thumb for a snug fit: slide your hand between your body and one of the harness straps and make a fist. If you are only just able to make a fist, the harness is properly fitted
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Safety Card G - 03
Harness Handling
• Hold harness by back D-ring. Shake harness to allow all straps to fall in place.
• If chest, leg and/or waist straps are buckled, release straps and unbuckle at this time
• Slip straps over shoulders so D-ring is located in middle of back be-tween shoulder blades
• Pull leg strap between legs and connect to opposite end. Repeat with second leg strap. If belted harness, connect waist strap after leg straps
• Connect chest strap and position in mid chest area. Tighten to keep shoulder straps taut
• After all straps have been buckled, tighten all buckles so that harness fits snug but allows full range of movement. Pass excess strap through loop keepers
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Safety Card G - 04
Lanyard Handling
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Lanyards with damaged rope / webbing 2. Lanyards with damaged / corroded hardware 3. Lanyards with attachments not matching the anchor 4. Use of single lanyard where double is required 5. Energy absorber connected at the anchor end of the lanyard 6. Snap hook with a damaged latch
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Safety Card G - 04
Lanyard Handling
• Lanyard should be in good condition and checked before use • Terminating connector should be suitable for the type of anchor • A suitable anchor should be used (strength and type of connection) • Position of the anchor should be as high as possible above the user • Sharp edges should be avoided • Energy absorber should be positioned next to the body not to the
anchor • Lanyard should not be extended or elongated • Lanyard should not be kinked, knotted or twisted • Lanyards must have snap hooks with working latches
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Safety Card G - 05
Anchorage points
•Do you know theperquisites for asecure anchoragepoint?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
An Anchor is a component or subsystem of a fall protection system used to connect the other parts of a fall protection system to an anchorage, and includes an anchorage connector;An Anchorage is a secure connection point for a fall protection system
1. Only use the hook of the lanyard if it is big enough2. In other cases always use a sling 3. Tie the sling properly
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Safety Card G - 05
Anchorage points• Anchors and anchorage connectors must be capable of supporting a
minimum load of 6 kN per worker• Anchorage connectors can be a padded, thick web strap, or a jacketed,
wire rope sling, a chain sling, a large size karabiner, or an eyebolt of appropriate shape and strength
• Only use the hook of the lanyard if it is big enough• In other cases always use a sling • Tie the sling properly • The sling must be approved for working at heights• The slings must be tied correctly to ensure a reliable anchorage point• Anchor can be fix or flexible (Prusik knot)
Anchorage Hook Two-wrapPrusik Knot Beam Anchor Steel Tower Hook
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Safety Card G - 06
Anti Trauma Sling
•Whatdoyoudointhecaseofafall?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
1. If a fall occurs, a person becomes suspended in a harness and remains both vertical and sedentary for a period of time, causing blood to “pool” in the veins of the legs
2. Subsequently, blood is restricted to the brain and other major organs that may initially result in unconsciousness
3. If not rescued promptly, serious injury or death may occur
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Safety Card G - 06
Anti Trauma Sling
Perform the foot wrap. How to do the foot wrap:• Grasp the lifeline hanging below (trailing end).Wrap it under the right
foot from inside; loop it over the top of the foot• Stretch the lifeline out horizontally and step into it with your left foot• Raise the trailing end of the lifeline and bring both parts together. You
have now a loop that allows you to stand• Continue to hold on to the lifeline with both hands and stand up. This
will relieve the pressure on your upper legs
Afterafalltopreventsuspensiontraumaweneedtorelievethepressureonourlegs.Therearetwopossibilitiesasshownbelow
Unzip the pouches fitted on both sides of the harness.
Hold the two straps one in each hand
Connect the straps together using the hook on one strap attaching it to the loop on the other strap
Put your feet into the loop that you have made
Stand on the loop and examine pressure on thighs
Adjust the straps so that they best support a sitting position to reduce pressure on the thighs
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Safety Card G - 07
Suspension Trauma
Do you know what suspension trauma is?
1. Suspension trauma is a natural reaction to being upright and immobile, where a complex combination of blood pooling in the legs and cardio respiratory restriction leads to unconsciousness
2. It can be caused by suspension in a harness, when trapped in a confined space, or any situation where someone is forced to stay upright without the ability or room to move
3. It causes fainting, brain damage and eventually death
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Safety Card G - 07
Suspension Trauma
1. Never work in suspension unless you are sitting on a work seat or actively using your legs
2. Make persons working on height aware of suspension trauma3. Keep a rescue plan ready when working at height4. In addition to a rescue plan provide suspension trauma straps, rescue
slings, etc5. If someone falls into suspension and cannot be rescued, lifting their
knees into a sitting position is very important and may save their life6. When rescuing someone, avoid laying them flat on the ground. Keep
them sitting up for 30 minutes
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Safety Card G - 08
Post Fall First Aid
•Can you recognizetheerrorsinthepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Suspension trauma is a natural reaction to being upright and immobile, where a complex combination of blood pooling in the legs and cardio respiratory restriction leads to unconsciousness
2. It can be caused by suspension in a harness, when trapped in a confined space, or any situation where someone is forced to stay upright without the ability or room to move
3. It causes fainting, brain damage and eventually death
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Safety Card G - 08
Post Fall First Aid
• Once rescued, the victim should never be fully reclined to a horizontal position
• Keep the victims upper spine vertical or no more than 60 degrees from horizontal
• Keep the victim warm in either a crouch or sitting with legs out for at least 45 to 60 minutes
• Assess spinal injury. Immobilize the victim’s spine by supporting with spine board / hard board
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Safety Card G - 09
Free Fall a Dummy
•Do you knowwhattodointhecaseofafall?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. A 56 kg dummy will reproduce the conditions of a fall2. The dummy will be suspended from a height of 6 m in a full body
harness3. You have to respond to the situation properly4. You should give the dummy first aid after a fall
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Safety Card G - 09
Free Fall a Dummy
• A 56 kg dummy will reproduce the conditions of a fall• The dummy will be suspended from a height of 6 m in a full body
harness • You have to respond at the situation properly• You should give the dummy the first aid after a fall• While suspended try to get the knees up high enough so that the
thighs are horizontal, to keep the blood circulating
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Safety Card G - 10
Harness Hanging Experience
•Do you knowwhat youshoulddoincaseofafalland you are suspendedfromaharnessforalongtime?
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Safety Card G - 10
Harness Hanging Experience
• A fall will be simulated from height, you must respond properly• While you are in a suspended state, relief the pressure from the leg
straps with the anti trauma sling• After descend, you should be kept warm and sitting with legs out for
at least 45 to 60 minutes now, what you should do?
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Safety Card G - 11
Working at Heights•Canyourecognizetheerrorsinthepictures?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
1. Fall from raised work surfaces such as slopes, platforms etc. 2. Slippery work surfaces (wet, oily, dusty or glazed) 3. Uneven work surfaces, (e.g., broken ground or profiled roof sheeting) 4. Cramped work surfaces and/or unprotected edges 5. Work surfaces cluttered with tools, work materials & debris 6. Adverse weather conditions- e.g., Rain, strong or gusty winds,
extreme heat or high humidity or very cold conditions 7. Building materials, large tools or equipment that needs to be manually
carried8. Overloading of working platform, which may lead to collapse9. Struck by moving object or equipment e.g., Load from lifting operation
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Safety Card G - 11
Working at Heights
HIERARCHYOFCONTROLS:
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A. ELIMINATION: e.g., Prefabricating frames horizontally before setting them up verticallyB. SUBSTITUTION: e.g., Use of mobile elevated platform instead of ladder to reach heightC. ENGINEERING CONTROL: e.g. Edge protection by use of guard rails D. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS: e.g. Use of work permit system, tool box training, height safety protocols/ guidelines etc. E. Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE): should be selected taking into consideration the following factors/type of hazard
# Type Description Image1 Trestle
ExtensionLadder
The upper sections can slide in guides or brackets. The overall length shall not exceed 18m. Locks and guides shall be properly checked. At least two persons shall be employed to raise or move the ladder.
2 TrestleLadder
These are similar to Step ladders except that they have rungs on both the sloping sides. The overall height shall not exceed 6m.
3 StepLadder
Self supporting ladders hinged near the upper end with spreader arrangement between the two sections. The other sloping side acts as a strut to support the ladder. The overall height shall not exceed 6m. It shall always be used in a fully open position.
4 StockLadder
The upper ends are sup-ported by leaning against a wall or any other rigid sup-port. The overall length shall not exceed 10m.
5 SectionalLadder
These have two or three sections which can be jointed end to end so as to function as a single ladder. The over-all length shall not exceed 10m.
6 ExtensionTrestleLadder
A trestle ladder with an additional single ladder section having parallel sides which can be adjusted vertically and provided with a device to lock it in place. The base or the extension section shall not exceed 6 m.
Safety Card H - 01
Ladder TypesDo you know when to use the ladders below?
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Safety Card H - 01
Ladder Types
• Ladders shall be inspected at least once in three months and all parts checked for wear corrosion and structural failure
• For electrical work, always use a fibre glass ladder – NEVER work with a metal ladder
• Choose the right ladder for the task• Never use a step ladder as a straight ladder• Ladders are made of materials such as aluminium, fibre glass, wood,
steel, etc• If working near power lines, always use a fibre glass ladder – NEVER
work with a metal ladder
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DONOTUSE
DANGERRESTRICTION
CAUTION
SAFETOUSE
SAFETYTAGS
Safety Card H - 02
Ladder Maintenance
•Can you recognize thepotential hazards in thepictureontheleft?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Do you know the impact oftherisks?
1. Ladder with missing, worn, damaged or loose rungs, steps, treads or top plates
2. Ladders with missing, broken or loose tie rods or damaged step ladder stays
3. Ladders with missing, broken or worn ropes, braces or brackets4. In a fibre glass (FRP) ladder sun UV rays can dry out and weaken the
fibre glass and could result in cracking of the fibre glass structure
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Image to be Placed
Safety Card H - 02
Ladder Maintenance• Inspect ladders before each use:
1. All rungs and steps should be free of oil, grease, dirt, etc. 2. All fittings should be tight. 3. Spreaders or other locking devices should be in place. 4. Anti slip safety feet should be in place. 5. For signs of warping, rust, corrosion or missing rivets, loose or
cracked rungs or hinges• Ladder with a missing or defective rung or a rung which depends for
its support solely on nails, spikes or other similar fixing shall not be used
• If ladders cannot be repaired to manufacturer specifications, Remove damaged ladders from site immediately
• All ladders should be identified and tagged for use• Store ladders on sturdy hooks in areas where they cannot be damaged• Store ladders to prevent warping or sagging• Do not hang anything on ladders that are in a stored condition• When transporting, the ladders must be properly supported in the
racks
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Safety Card H - 03
Ladder Safety
•Can you recognizethe potentialhazards in thepictureontheleft?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Using a worn or damaged ladder2. Throwing tools to a worker who is on the ladder3. Using metal ladders where it can come in contact with overhead
electrical lines4. Exceeding the ladders weight limit5. Placing the ladder on an uneven or unstable surface6. Placing the ladder on boxes or pallets to gain height7. Placing an extension ladder at the wrong angle
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Safety Card H - 03
Ladder Safety
• Open and lock the spreader bars, when using stepladders
• Choose the right ladder for the job; e.g. FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics)
ladders for electrical job
• Straight or extension ladders should extend three feet above the top support
point or landing
• Look for traffic in the area; put up barriers if needed to prevent the ladder
from being tipped over
• Check for doorways; post signs on the door if working near a doorway
• Make sure when you set up the ladder it is on solid level ground, you may
need to use a wooden or plastic levelling wedge
• Step ladders should be completely opened and the spreader locked before
use
• Nonslip safety feet should be fitted on the ladder and in good condition
• Check for any electrical power lines in the vicinity
• All ladders on site should be identified and tagged
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• Apply the four to one rule; ladder
should be one foot from the wall for
every four feet of height
• To verify correct angling perform the
elbow test (when your elbow can touch
the ladder, the inclination angle of it
would be approximately 75°)
• The ladder’s side rails must extend at
least 1 meter above the level or upper
landing that you are accessing
• Tie off your ladder’s side rails at the top
or bottom (or both)
Safety Card H - 04
Ladder Climbing
•Whatiswronginthepictures?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisk?•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?•Doyouknowtherightpractice?
1. Reaching or leaning too far rather than moving the ladder2. Climbing the ladder while carrying items3. Standing on the very top step or rung when the ladder is too short4. Using wrong type of ladder for a job. For eg., Metal ladder for electrical
work5. Ladder with missing / broken rungs, missing anti slip feet on ladder
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Safety Card H - 04
Ladder Climbing
• Always face the ladder when climbing and hold on with both hands• Follow the ‘three point contact principle’ while climbing• Stay in the centre of the ladder as you climb• Carry tools in a tool belt or raise and lower with a line• Check your shoes and ladder rungs for slippery material• Wear well fitting, enclosed, slip-resistant footwear• Don’t lean out to the side; keep your body positioned between the
side rails• Have someone hold the ladder at the base while using it• Only climb up to the second rung from the top of a step ladder or the
third rung from the top of an extension ladder• Work within arm’s reach from the ladder—if you cannot easily reach,
climb down and reposition the ladder• Only one person should be on a ladder at a time
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Safety Card H - 05
Scaffold TypesDo you know the different types of scaffolds below?
It consists of two or more
rows of standards connected
longitudinally & transversely. The
different types of independent
scaffolds are:
Independentscaffold Singlepolescaffold
Suspendedscaffold
StandardTubularFrameScaffold
Tube-and-ClampScaffolds
SystemScaffolds
Birdcage scaffold - consists
of more than two rows of
standards in both directions
and is connected by ledgers and
transoms
Tower scaffold – It consists of
four vertical members connected
longitudinally and transversely
Mobilescaffold– It is freestanding
and mounted on castors. The
height of a mobile scaffold, from
the bottom of the scaffold to
the working surface, should be
no greater than three times the
minimum base dimension
Hung scaffold - It hangs from
another structure, but is not
capable of being raised or
lowered when in use
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A single pole scaffold consists of a
single row of standards connected
by ledgers. Putlog are fixed to the
ledgers and built into the wall of the
building or structure.
Suspended scaffolds are platforms
suspended by ropes, or other non-
rigid means, from an overhead
structure and is capable of being
raised or lowered when in use.
Made of steel / aluminium tubing.
Manufactured in various configurations
and spans. On some systems, ladder
rungs are built into the end frames.
Used where obstructions or non-
rectangular structures are encountered.
The scaffolds are infinitely adjustable
in height and width. They can
also be used for irregular and
circular vertical configurations..
These can be applied to non-rectangular,
circular, or dome-shaped structures.
They employ different patented locking
devices (wedges, locking pins, etc.,)
Safety Card H - 05
Scaffold TypesAll scaffolds should be inspected and tagged with a Scafftag. Generally a scaffold should be inspected:
• before first use and within every 30 days; • after alteration or repair; and • after any event likely to affect the stability of
the scaffold (for example, following strong winds or storms).
NOTE: For details on the control measures please refer Chapter XIX on Scaffolds in The building and Other Construction Workers’ (regulation of employment and conditions of service) central Rules, 1998.
A number of hazards exist that have the potential to cause death or injury• When working with scaffolding. These include: Mobile plant and
traffic, mixing and matching scaffold components, falls from heights, falling objects, and scaffold collapse
• Manual tasks - handling components, erecting & dismantling scaffolds, unloading vehicles or using hand tools
• Planks sliding off or breaking, platforms not fully planked platforms without guardrails
• Failure to install all required components such as base plates, connections, and braces
• Erecting, moving rolling scaffolds in the vicinity of overhead electrical wires
• Moving rolling scaffolds with workers on the platform
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Safety Card H - 06
Mobile Scaffolds
•Do you know the riskswhile working on mobilescaffolds?
•Do you know the impactoftherisks?
1. Contact with overhead electrical wires2. Height-to-width ratio greater than 3 to 1 causing toppling of the
scaffold3. Inoperative / damaged brakes on the castor wheel 4. Moving the scaffold with people on the platform5. Bumps or depressions in the floor where the scaffold is to be moved 6. Missing horizontal bracing which may cause folding up of the pinned
braces 7. Castor not secured to the mobile scaffold 8. Overloading of platform9. Falling objects from platforms, missing toe guards10. In a scissor lift - body part pinched or crushed in the scissor arms or
between the top rail and overhead structure
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Mobile Scaffolds
• For safe, effective use, the area around the building should be well compacted, relatively smooth and level
• The scaffold should be erected so that its height-to-width ratio is no greater than 3 to 1
• Each castor should have a brake which is in good working order and can be applied easily
• Manual force used to move the scaffold shall be applied as close to the base as practicable, but not more than 1.5 m above the supporting surface
• Must have guardrails and toe guards• When moved, no person must be on it• ChecktheintendedpathoftravelandmaintaintherequiredminimumclearancesasperRule61oftheCentralElectricityAuthority(MeasuresrelatingtoSafetyandElectricSupply)Regulations,2010
• Helmets required for all users on, and persons working below, scaffold. Other PPE like fall protection equipment should be used as required
• Place tools and other equipment or materials away from edge of platform
Mobile scaffolds are best suited where short-duration work must becarriedoutatmultiplelocations.Theyareusedmainlybymechanicalandelectricaltrades.
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Scaffold Safety
•Canyourecognizetheerrorsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
1. Mobile plant and traffic 2. Mixing and matching scaffold components 3. Falls from heights 4. Falling objects 5. Scaffold collapse 6. Manual tasks - handling components, erecting & dismantling
scaffolds, unloading vehicles, or using hand tools 7. Planks sliding off or breaking, platforms not fully planked platforms
without guardrails 8. Failure to install all required components such as base plates,
connections, and braces 9. Erecting, moving rolling scaffolds in the vicinity of overhead electrical
wires 10. Moving rolling scaffolds with workers on the platform
A number of hazards exist that have the potential to cause death or injury when working with scaffolding. These include:
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Safety Card H - 07
Scaffold Safety• WhenworkingnearpowerlinesmaintainminimumdistanceasperRule 61 of the Central Electricity Authority (Measures relating toSafetyandElectricSupply)Regulations,2010
• Use barricades, signs, or guards to prevent site vehicles from coming into contact with scaffolding and use nets to contain falling objects
• Ensure scaffolding does not have any unnecessary protrusions, such as over-length transoms, putlogs, tie tubes or over-height standards etc
• Do not mix scaffolding from different manufacturers, or scaffolding tubing of different outer diameters and strengths
• Provide with safe access to & egress from scaffold during the erection, use and dismantling of scaffolding
• Check ground conditions, change in surface elevation. Attach scaffold to mudsill to prevent movement due to impact, vibration or uplift due to improper loading
• Do not use bricks, or other scrap materials under scaffold feet or under mudsills
• Must have toe boards to keep tools and debris from falling on them• Scaffold must be tied in to a structure to stabilize where required
Note:Fordetailsonthecontrolmeasures please refer ChapterXIXonScaffoldsinThebuildingand Other ConstructionWorkers’ (regulation ofemployment and conditionsofservice)centralRules,1998
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Safety Card I - 01
Line Types
Do you know the different line types below?
1. Manila - strong fibre comes from leaf stems of the stalk of the abaca plant, which belongs to the banana family
2. Sisal - made from two tropical plants, sisalana and henequen
1. Polypropylene(PP) – most commonly used, stretches less, does not absorb water. It is affected by sunlight and not recommended for work involving exposure to heat
2. Nylon - considerably stronger than PP, has the ability to stretch, absorb shocks, resists abrasion, rot, decay, and fungus growth. Loses strength when wet
3. Polyester – stronger than PP but less than nylon. Good resistance to acids, alkalis and abrasion. Do not stretch as much as nylon; resists degradation from UV rays and do not soften in heat
1. Wire rope consists of individual wires laid together in strands, which are, in turn, laid around a central core. Core may be made from fibers or steel, and it supports the strands, keeping them in proper position under normal bending and loading conditions
NaturalFibres
SyntheticFibres
Wires
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Safety Card I - 01
Line Types
Forfiberropefollowingprecautionsshouldbetaken:
• Store in a dry & cool, place to reduce possibility of mildew & rotting• Coil it on a spool or hang it from pegs in a way that allows air
circulation• Avoid dragging it through sand or dirt or pulling it over sharp edges• Avoid exposure to excessive heat and fumes of chemicals; heat or
boiling water decreases rope strength about 20 percent
ForWireropefollowingprecautionsshouldbetaken:
• Wire ropes must be lubricated to prevent corrosion and wear • Remove rust at regular intervals by using a wire brush • Store in a place that is protected from weather and from chemicals
& fumes • Periodically check for broken wires, broken strands, kinks, and any
de-formation or damage to the rope structure
167
Safety Card I - 02
Knots
Do you know the knots used for Lifting and Hoisting?
1. Bowline2. Reef or square3. Two half hitches 4. Figure-eight knot5. Running bowline
168
Safety Card I - 02
Knots
Bowline• Never jams or slips when properly tied• Can be used for hoisting directly around a ring
Reeforsquareknot• Unsuitable for wet or slippery ropes• It unties easily when the free end is jerked
Twohalfhitches• Can be quickly tied, are reliable and can be put to almost any general
use
RunningBowline• Used for hanging objects with ropes of different diameters• The weight of the object determines the Tension necessary for the
knot to grip
169
Safety Card I - 03
Pull Lift
Do you know the risks while using a Pull Lift?
1. Incorrect installation could result in failure of the wheel and injury due to crushing
2. Pull Lift must be fixed properly3. Must be correctly maintained e.g., Lubricated4. Loads to be properly secured with correct use of nets, attachments or
sling method
170
Safety Card I - 03
Pull Lift
• Risk of overloading and collapse• Uncontrolled lowering operations might result in injury• Incorrect installation could result in failure of the wheel and injury
due to crushing• Pull Lift must be fixed and lubricated properly• Loads to be properly secured with correct use of nets, attachments or
sling methods• Timber Hitch – knot used when hoisting scaffold boards• Clove Hitch – knot used when hoisting tubes
171
Safety Card I - 04
Wire Rope
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
Wire rope failure is commonly caused by - 1. Sizing, constructing, or grading it incorrectly2. Allowing it to drag over obstacles3. Lubricating it improperly4. Operating it over drums and sheaves of inadequate size5. Over winding or cross winding it on drums6. Operating it over drums and sheaves that are out of alignment7. Permitting it to jump sheaves. Permitting it to untwist8. Subjecting it to moisture or acid fumes9. Kinking
172
Safety Card I - 04
Wire Rope
• Wire ropes must be properly selected based on strength, diameter, grade, and the type of construction
• Must be compatible with the sheaves and drum of the crane• The main hoisting rope must be strong enough to take the maximum
load• Must be lubricated to prevent corrosion and wear• Check for broken wires, broken strands, kinks, and any deformation
or damage to the rope structure
173
Safety Card I - 05
Slings
•Canyourecognizethehazardsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Do you know the impact of therisks?
Slings get damaged due to:1. Overloading / Shock loading that increases the stress on slings 2. Reductions of resisting sections (wire broken)3. Wire squeeze, wire excessively worn4. Failure to provide blocking or softeners between slings and load,
allowing sharp edges to cut or abrade the slings5. Pulling slings out from under loads, leading to abrasion and kinking6. Traffic running over slings, especially tracked equipment
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Safety Card I - 05
Slings• Before use, a sling should be inspected visually for broken wires,
Kinks, condition of eyes & splices, reduction in diameter of rope, corrosion, etc
• Slings should be marked with an identification number & maximum capacity
• Never allow wire rope slings to lie on the ground for long periods of time; never make slings from discarded hoist rope
• Avoid dragging slings out from underneath loads• Keep wire rope slings away from flame cutting and electric welding• There must be no bending near any attached fitting• Ensure that the sling angle (with the horizontal) is always greater than
450• Provide corner pads between sharp edges and slings• Suspended loads should be securely slung & balanced before moving• Where personnel may be endangered by a rotating or swaying load,
use one or more tag lines to prevent uncontrolled motion
175
Safety Card I - 06
Crane Hooks
•Can you recognize the hazards inthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Do you know the impact of therisks?
1. Hooks bent from overloading2. Stuck safety latch which does not automatically retract to closed
position 3. Point loading of hooks 4. Hook that jams in an eyebolt under load can lead to serious weakening
of both eyebolt and hook 5. Damaged hooks, with cracks, nicks, gouges, 6. Deformed throat opening, 7. Wear on the saddle or load bearing point, and twist8. Gap between the end of latch & hook, could be sign of hook elongation
176
Safety Card I - 06
Crane Hooks• Hooks should be equipped with safety Latches• Have SWL (Safe Working Load) stamped or marked on the saddle• Hooks should be loaded at the middle of the hook• Hooks should be inspected periodically by competent person
appointed by Statutory Authority• Use a shackle when 2 or more ropes are placed over the hook to
reduce wear• Look for wear, cracks, corrosion, twisting and for signs of opening up• Hook should only be subjected to loading in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendation (side or back loading may not be permitted)
• Safety latch should not be subjected to loading• Never point load a hook unless it is designed for such load
177
Safety Card I - 07
Lifting Safety
•Canyourecognizethehazardsinthesepictures?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
Common Hazards in Lifting operations are:1. Weight of the material to be lifted not known 2. Safe Working Load (SWL) of the lifting machine, gear not known3. Off centre of gravity of the material to be lifted 4. Defective lifting machine or lifting gear5. Overloading of lifting machine, lifting gear 6. Included sling angles greater than 1200 7. Hazardous wind conditions - loads that present large wind-catching
sur-faces. High or gusting winds may prevent proper control during the lift
8. Hazardous weather conditions – visibility impaired by fog, rain, darkness, etc
9. Electrocution caused by contact of hoisting device, load line, or load with power lines
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Safety Card I - 07
Lifting Safety
• Load’s centre of gravity must be directly under the main hook and below the lowest sling attachment point before the load is lifted
• Never Exceed 1200 included angle or 300 horizontal angle• Don’t use makeshift rigging or attempt to repair any rigging
components• Do not raise the load more than necessary• Do not leave the load suspended in the air• Never exceed load or extension limits of a lift or crane• Never work directly under a load• Never wrap the crane hoist rope around the load, use slings• Maintain safe clearances from overhead Power lines
179
Illustration showing how the load in each leg of a sling increases as the angle increases
Safety Card I - 08
Cherry Picker
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
The hazards of MobileElevatedWorkingPlatforms(MEWP) are:1. MEWPs overturning; 2. People being thrown from the basket; 3. The basket being trapped against fixed structures 4. Equipment failure; 5. Ground conditions; 6. Outriggers (not used or faulty); 7. Trapping against fixed structure; 8. MEWP being struck by vehicle; 9. Overloading a basket; or basket could be struck by a load
180
Safety Card I - 08
Cherry Picker
• Stand on the floor of the basket• Do not exceed the load limits. Consider weight of the worker, tools,
etc• Do not climb on or lean over guardrails• Set outriggers, brakes and wheel chocks, even if on a level surface• If working near traffic, set up work zone warnings• Never override hydraulic, mechanical, or electrical safety devices• Attention on overhead hazards. Movement of the lift could crush the
worker• Use a body harness or restraining belt with a lanyard to prevent the
worker from being ejected or pulled from the basket • MEWP must not be used as a crane • MEWP should be inspected and certified by a competent person
181
Safety Card J - 01
Spikes & Nails in Timber Beams
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or other parts of the body on projecting nails, wire or steel strapping
2. Rusty nails could cause tetanus, because it provides a perfect atmosphere for the growth of the bacteria Clostridium tetanus
3. Tripping over loose objects on floors, stairs and platforms 4. Being hit by falling objects 5. Slipping on greasy, wet or dirty surfaces 6. Striking against projecting, poorly stacked items or haphazardly
placed material 7. Pointed objects represent a cutting hazard
182
Safety Card J - 01
Spikes & Nails in Timber Beams
• All construction materials with protruding nails and sharp objects (wooden shuttering materials, packing materials, construction steel etc.) should be removed from the operational areas immediately and neatly stacked in designated areas & cordoned off
• As part of site Housekeeping we should ensure:• Gangways, working platforms & stairways are kept clear of equipment
& materials not in immediate use • Spilled oil and grease is cleaned up • Any nails projecting from timber are removed or hammered down • Waste and debris are removed at appropriate intervals:
1. Clean up during the shift 2. Day-to-day cleanup 3. Deposit waste material at a recognized disposal point
183
Safety Card J - 02
Stored Cable Drums
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Risk for shoulder, arm, leg, and back strain injuries while moving drums
2. Injuries caused by damaged drums, injury caused by loading unloading such drums
3. Injuries caused by lifting heavy equipment, dropping jack onto feet / hands
4. Injuries caused by failure of the bar used to support drums on jacks5. Injury caused by drums being pulled from jack during cable pulling6. Injury caused by free rolling drum7. Fire Hazard due to storage of wooden drum
184
Safety Card J - 02
Stored Cable Drums• Cable drums should be stored on firm, level & dry surface with proper
drainage• Ensure adequate space between adjacent drums to facilitate free
movement • Store cable drums size wise, preferably as per planned installation
sequence• Drum markings should be easily visible • Ensure that cable end caps are intact to prevent deterioration of
insulation resistance • Do not transport cables in damaged drums. Carry out repairs, if
necessary, taking utmost precaution to prevent damage to the cable • Make sure that each drum is provided with stoppers to prevent from
rolling • When kept upright, the cable layers will not get entangled. This would
obviate problems during laying • If nailing cannot be avoided, make sure that they don’t touch/damage
cable insulation • When using cable drum jacks and spindles check to ensure that the
size and weight of the cable drum does not exceed the capacity of the cable jacks
185
Safety Card J - 03
Stored Gas Cylinder
•Can you recognize thehazardsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowthe impactoftherisks?
1. Impact from the blast of a gas cylinder explosion or rapid release of compressed gas, if a cylinder valve is damaged (i;e., breaks off when the cylinder falls and strikes a hard surface, etc.,)
2. Impact from parts of gas cylinders that fail or any flying debris. Impact from falling cylinder
3. Fire resulting from the escape of inflammable gas or fluids such as LPG
4. Gases released from a cylinder will expand to occupy several hundred or even a thousand times the space. This can displace breathing air and result in an oxygen deficient atmosphere
5. Depending on the gas, additional chemical physical and health hazards are also possible including but not limited to: inflammable, toxic, corrosive, oxidizing, pyrophoric, causing asphyxia. etc
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Safety Card J - 03
Stored Gas Cylinder• Securely restrain cylinders upright to prevent them from falling over• Before connecting a gas cylinder to equipment or pipe work make
sure regulator and pipe work are suitable for the gas and pressure being used
• Never drop a gas cylinder. Never pick them up by magnetic lifting• Never tamper with cylinders or subject them to abnormal mechanical
shocks which could damage the valve or safety device• Never subject cylinders to abnormally high or low temperatures• Never transport by rolling them on ground or use them as rollers or
supports• Valve protection caps must remain in place at all times• Never use oil or grease on the regulator of a cylinder valve• When cylinders are used in proximity to electric welding, precautions
must be taken to protect the cylinders against accidental grounding• Oxygen cylinders shall not be stored in the same compartment with
cylinders of acetylene or other fuel gas• Never permit smoking or open flames in inflammable gas storage
areas• Restrict access to cylinder storage areas• Display the Material Safety Data Sheets of the gas prominently in the
enclosure
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Safety Card J - 04
Hazardous Materials
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepictures?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Hazardous substances are any liquids, gases or solids that affect workers health or safety
2. Potential for fire and explosion – solvents like thinner, acetone, etc 3. Toxic substances cause dizziness, vomiting and headaches, in short
term and chronic effects resulting from exposure over a long period as in lung diseases such as
4. Asbestosis and silicosis.5. Contact dermatitis may result from the contact between the skin and
some chemicals 6. Acids and alkalis are corrosive and can damage both skin and eyes. 7. Unlabelled colourless solvents can be mistaken for water
188
Safety Card J - 04
Hazardous Materials
• All containers of hazardous chemicals in use on site should be properly labelled
• MaterialSafetyDataSheets(MSDS) must always be available• MSDS must always be prominently displayed near the storage area • Before the use of a chemical, read MSDS to understand the properties,
storage and first aid requirements • Consider replacement of hazardous substances by harmless or less
hazardous substances wherever possible • Employees should be trained in the handling and use of hazardous
chemicals. • Use PPEs as recommended in the MSDS • Provide a list of MSDS to the first aid / clinic room and make available
Antiodote.• Provide eye wash system and emergency shower in hazardous
storage or handling area
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Safety Card J - 05
Hazardous Materials - Asbestos
•Can you recognize theerrorsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Do you know the impactoftherisks?
1. Breathing in asbestos dust causes irreversible lung damage and cancer
2. There is no known cure for asbestos-related diseases3. Asbestos is likely to be found in the following situations:
• As insulation or coating used for fire protection, thermal and acoustic insulation of buildings;
• As insulating board in fire protection on doors, cladding on walls, ceilings, etc
• As asbestos cement, in corrugated sheets (roofing and cladding of buildings); flat sheeting for partitioning; gutters and down pipes
190
Safety Card J - 05
Hazardous Materials - Asbestos• Avoid use of asbestos containing material and substitute the same
with alternate material• Wear respirator if exposed to asbestos• Clearly mark work area, do not enter area unless you are authorized• Wear appropriate protective clothing; the material must resist
penetration by asbestos fiber• Clean up any asbestos-containing material by damp wiping or using
a special vacuum• Methods of limiting exposure to asbestos dust include:
1. Removing asbestos materials before starting major demolition work. This prevents accidental exposure to asbestos;
2. Wet methods of removal (to suppress dust); 3. Prompt removal and bagging of waste asbestos, and disposal at
an a proved waste disposal site; 4. Separating asbestos work areas from other general work areas
191
Please note: Totally eliminate asbestos material from the site
Safety Card J - 06
Blocked Hydrant
•Whatarethehazardsinthepictures?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisk?•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?•Doyouknowtherightpractice?
1. Blocked hydrants prevent easy access during an emergency 2. Poorly maintained hoses and accessories 3. Fire hydrant system not charged and maintained under water pressure
192
Safety Card J - 06
Blocked Hydrant
• Hydrant should be inspected quarterly and after every operation to ensure that valves and spring catches are maintained in good condition
• Following points should be checked during inspection: 1. Hydrant Valve in normal open or closed Position2. Hydrant should be easily accessible3. Provided with appropriate wrenches 4. Free from External leaks5. Provided with appropriate Identification6. Spare Washers shall be kept7. Tightness of the Lugs/ Pressure release coupling8. Hydrant operating nut should be checked9. Any Corrosion/Rust10. Blank cap should be present when hydrant is not in use
193
Safety Card K - 01
Building Yard Equipment
•Whatarethehazardsinthepictures?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisk?•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?•Doyouknowtherightpractice?
1. Haphazard storage of building materials and equipments2. Sharp edged material / equipments can cause cut injury while
handling or moving3. Entangled cables and wires may cause trip and/or fall4. Oil spillage from machines, if inflammable may cause fire hazard5. Oil spillage from machines leads to contamination of land6. Cable insulation may get damaged due to the heavy / sharp objects
placed on it which may cause further electrical hazard
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Safety Card K - 01
Building Yard Equipment
• Storage of building materials must be done uniformly in a secure manner. The same can be marked for better traceability
• Proper stacking methods to be adopted as per shape, size and weight of the materials
• There should not be any oil spillage in the land. If so, there must a secondary containment always
• The access / aisle must be clear in between the stacking zones to avoid slip / trip hazards
• Aisle shall be demarcated for better understanding of stack territory and access path way
• Provision of fire extinguishers and fire buckets should be there to mitigate fire hazard.
• One should ensure that appropriate illumination is there in the store areas
195
Safety Card K - 02
Improper Storing of Safety Equipment
•Can you recognizethe potentialhazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Improper storage of Safety equipments will endanger human organs they are intended to protect
2. Usage of damaged safety gears may lead to severe accidents3. Such life saving equipments if stored in open air will deteriorate due
to rains and heat4. The lanyards may get entangled with one another creating difficulties
for further use. Sharp edged materials may damage parts of safety harness they come in contact with
196
Safety Card K - 02
Improper Storing of Safety Equipment
• Safety gears must be kept in environmentally protected safe areas to avoid damages due to heat, rain etc
• Storage for safety gears must be separately ensured other than those provided for ordinary clothing
• The safety equipments must be inspected periodically to ensure the healthiness of it at all times
• The defective safety gears must be segregated, destroyed and disposed
• The damaged ones must be replaced with new ones as per requirements
• Worn out or damaged materials should not be used by doing temporary adjustments/alterations: Instead they should be replaced
• Sharp edged materials should not be stored with the Safety equipments to avoid damages to those
197
Safety Card K - 03
Improper Storing of Tools - Indoors
•Can you recognizethe potentialhazards in thepictureontheleft?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Tools are kept in open air and in wet condition thereby exposed to rain and sunshine. Thereby they will be subjected to less electrical body resistance in turn which may result in short circuit
2. The internal parts e.g., revolving parts may get corroded leading to change in resistance & thereby operational overload in motors
3. The extension wires if not coiled properly may get entangled with each other causing damages
4. Sharp edges may cause damage to the sheath of cables, as kept in untidy condition
5. The bare metallic parts of cables will become wet, as well6. During further handling of tools, the sharp edges may cause danger
due to improper stacking
198
Safety Card K - 03
Proper Storing of Tools - Indoors
• Store tools and equipment properly• Store in a dry, cool room• There should not be any exposed parts in extension cables• The extension cables must be coiled properly• The damaged cables and tools must be segregated• The sharp edged tools must be kept in proper enclosures
199
Safety Card K - 04
Improper Storing of Tools - Outdoors•Canyouobserveanythingwronginthesepictures?•Doyouknowtherisksinthesame?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftheserisks
1. Tools are kept in unprotected weather conditions. Further, this will subject them to less electrical body resistance in turn and later result in short circuit
2. The internal parts (e.g.,) revolving parts may get corroded which will lead to resistance and in turn result in operational overload on motors
3. The extension wires are not coiled properly. They may get entangled with each other causing damages
4. Sharp edges may cause damage to the sheath of cables, as they are kept bundled
5. During further handling of tools, the sharp edges may cause danger due to improper stacking
6. The glass parts of halogen lights may lead to damage because of improper storage
200
Safety Card K - 04
Proper Storing of Tools - Outdoors
• Store tools and equipment properly. The surroundings places must be kept tidy
• Store tools in a dry, cool room• The extensions of cable must be coiled properly• The damaged cables and tools must be segregated• The sharp edge tools must be kept in proper enclosures• The surrounding must be kept tidy. Sharp edges may cause damage
to the sheath of cables
201
Safety Card K - 05
Proper Storing of Construction Materials
•DoyouknowtheHazardsofStorageandHandlingofConstructionMaterials?
•DoyouknowtheRisksassociatedwithStorageandHandlingofConstructionMaterials?
•Canyousuggestmeasuretoeliminate/minimizeHazards/RisksassociatedwithStorageandHandlingofConstructionMaterials?
202
At a Construction Site different types of materials such as cement, steel, pipe, planks, brick, wood etc. are used at different stages of constructions. PoorStorageofconstructionmaterials gives rise to variety of hazards and risks. If not taken care; poor storage could lead to accidents that could even be fatal.
Safety Card K - 05
Improper Storing of Construction Materials
203
Hazards Risks
Poor Stacking & Piling (inadequate base, inclined against wall/structure, unsafe height etc.)
• Failure of Stack/Pile & Collapse 1. Struck by falling materials - injury &
fatality2. Caught under heavy load - injury &
fatality
Manual Handling of heavy materials coupled with wrong body posture
Over exertion, strain & physical injury
Non Flame Proof Electrical Switches in the Storage Yard
Fire - injury & fatality
Storage of Explosives Explosion - injury & fatality
Exposure to chemical fumes, dust and vapours
Occupational Sickness – Dermatitis, Asthma, Eye, Nose & Throat infection/ irritation
Dry vegetation in and around Storage Yard
Fire - injury & fatality
Poor Housekeeping Slip, Trip, Entanglement - Fall
• Materials shall be segregated as to kind, size and length and placed in neat, orderly piles that are safe against falling
• If the piles are high, they shall be stepped back at suitable intervals in height
• Piles of the materials shall be arranged so as to allow a passage way of not less than 1 m width in between the piles or stacks for inspection and removal
• Materials shall be stacked on well drained, firm and unyielding surface. Materials shall not be stacked so as to impose any undue stresses on walls or other structures
Control Measures
• Materials shall be stacked in such a manner as not to constitute a hazard to passers-by. At such places the stacks shall have suitable warning signs in day time and red lights on and around them at night
• Workers shall be trained in manual handling of loads• When stack exceeds 1.5 m height, suitable and safe means of access
shall be provided for use of workers• Appropriate signs shall be placed at all storage locations where
special conditions exist or where special precautions are necessary• The storage area shall be maintained free of vegetation and flammable
materials
Safety Card K - 05
Improper Storing of Construction Materials
Timber• Timber shall be stacked on unyielding and level dunnage. Cross strips
or cross piling shall be used where the pile is more than 1 m high • The top of each pile shall be kept as level as possible when timber is
being removed • No nails shall be allowed to protrude so as to cause any injury hazard• Two men shall carry long boards, and care shall be exercised at
corners and cross-walks
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Safety Card K - 05
Improper Storing of Construction Materials
Cement,LimeandPozzolana• Handling — Workmen, handling bulk cement, lime or fine Pozzolana
shall wear protective clothing, respirators, and goggles, shall be instructed in the need of cleanliness to prevent dermatitis; and shall be provided with hand cream, petroleum jelly, or similar preparation for protection of exposed skin
• Stacking — Stacks shall not be higher than 15 bags. If the stack has to be more than 8 bags high, the bags shall be arranged in header and stretcher fashion, that is, alternate layers lengthwise and crosswise, so as to tie the piles together to lessen the danger of toppling over. Bags shall be removed uniformly from the top of the piles to avoid tipping of the stack
• Silos — Bulk cement and Pozzolana stored in silos or bins may fail to feed to the ejections system. When necessary to enter a silo or bin for any purpose, the ejection system employed shall be shut down and locked out. When necessary for a workman to enter such storage area, he shall wear a life-line, with another workman outside the silo or hopper attending the rope
• Lime — unslaked lime shall be stored in a place inaccessible to water and because of the fire hazard, shall be segregated from the combustible materials. In New Gen Hydra Operator remain aligned to the load
205
SheetGlassandFibreGlass• Glass panes used in building construction shall be stacked on edge
with suitable supports • Glass edges shall be covered or otherwise protected to prevent
injuries to workmen passing-by • Waste glass pieces shall be stored or disposed of in such a manner as
to avoid injuries to workmen • Workmen handling glass panes, waste glass pieces and fibre glass
shall be provided with suitable hand protection. Have load moment indicators for safe operations
Safety Card K - 05
Improper Storing of Construction Materials
Pipes• Stacking - Pipe shall be stacked on solid, level sills and contained in
a manner to prevent spreading or rolling of the pile. Where quantity storage is necessary, suitable packing shall be placed between succeeding layers to reduce the pressure and resulting spreading of the pile
• SizeandLength - Orderly storage as to sizes and lengths enhances access and removal operations
• Removal — Removal of pipe from a pile shall be accomplished by working from the ends of the pipe
• Transporting - In loading pipe or transit, it shall be so secured as to insure against displacement
• PowerLines - In stacking and handling of pipes and other conducting materials the following minimum safety distances shall be ensured from the overhead powerlines. Refer IS : 7969 - 1975
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Safety Card K - 05
Improper Storing of Construction Materials
PilingandPoles• Stacking - Piling and poles shall be carefully stacked on solid,
level sills and shall be so piled and blocked as to prevent rolling or spreading of the pile
• Placing and Removing - When placing piling or poles on the pile, workmen shall work from the ends of the pole. Like precautions shall be observed in removal from the pile
• TagLines - Tag lines shall be used to control piling and poles when handling for any purpose
• PowerLines - Precautions as laid down in 3.5.5 shall be followed
ReinforcingandStructuralSteel• StackingReinforcingSteel - Reinforcing steel shall be stored according
to length, size and shape, and shall be piled in such a manner as to prevent tipping or falling
• Lagging - Steel shall be stored on a solid foundation, utilizing lagging as necessary to ensure stable piles
• SafeAccess - adequate spacing shall be maintained between piles to ensure safe access
• Gloves - Workmen handling deformed steel bars, barbed wire, expanded metal and the like shall be required to wear gloves
• StackingStructuralSteel - Structural steel shall be carefully piled to prevent sliding or tipping
• PowerLines - Precautions as laid down in 3.5.5 shall be followed • Tag Lines - Tag lines shall be used to control the load in handling
reinforcing or structural steel when a crane is employed
207
• ManualHandling — Heavy steel sections and bundles shall be lifted and carried with the help of slings and tackles and shall not be carried on the shoulders of the workman
Paints,VarnishesandThinners• MethodofStorage - Paints, varnishes, lacquers, thinners and other
flammable materials shall be kept in a properly sealed or closed containers. The container shall be kept in a well ventilated location, free from excessive heat, smoke, sparks or flame
• Limited Storage Areas - Paint materials in quantities other than required for daily use shall be kept stocked under regular storage place
• BoiledEgg - The milk and egg shall leachate and get the lead oxide out of your blood stream and system
• SupplyofMilk - Each workman handling lead based paints shall be issued ½ litre milk per day for his personal consumption
• Cleanup - Paint scrapings and paint-saturated rags and debris shall be removed daily from the premises and, preferably, destroyed by burning at a safe place
• Ventilation and Lighting - Ventilation adequate to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapours to hazardous levels of concentration shall be provided in all areas where painting is done. When electric lights, switches or electrical equipment are necessary, they shall be of explosion-proof design
• FireProtection - Buckets containing sand shall be kept ready for use in case of fire. Fire extinguishers, when required, shall be of foam type conforming to IS : 933-1967
Safety Card K - 05
Improper Storing of Construction Materials
208
• Spray Painting - No smoke or open flame, exposed heating elements, or other sources of ignition of any kind shall be permitted in areas or rooms where spray painting is being done
• Heating - When painting is done in confined spaces where flammable or explosive vapours may develop, any necessary heat shall be provided through ductwork remote from the source of flame
Housekeeping• MSafe Access - Stairways, walkways, scaffolds, and access ways shall
be kept free of materials, debris and obstructions • Scaffolds and Walkways - The engineer-in-charge/the foreman shall
initiate and carry out a programme requiring routine removal of scrap and debris from scaffolds and walkways
• General - Efficient and orderly storage of materials coupled with routine housekeeping are most important factors in safety and fire prevention. It is essential that good housekeeping be maintained throughout all storage areas
Safety Card K - 05
Improper Storing of Construction Materials
209
Safety Card K - 06
Waste Management
•Whatiswronginthesepictures?•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftheserisks?•Doyouhaveanyexperiencetoshare?•Doyouknowtherightpractice?
1. Timber waste : Random accumulation 2. Fire Hazard due to inflammable materials3. Improper storage. Pathways blocked for access to other stored
materials4. Nail pricking hazard5. Trip and fall hazard if entry is not restricted
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Safety Card K - 06
Waste Management
• To be stored in defined area with fire control measures in place• To stack similar type together for better handling• All inflammable waste materials (such as packaging and timber
cutoffs) must be cleared regularly to reduce fire risk. It will also create further space for stacking
• Allow space for waste materials in bins and dispose waste there • Make sure storage areas are safe, secure and weatherproof• Make waste clearing a priority for all (Electrician/welder/fitter etc.,) • Consider waste generated inside the building and if you need please
provide wheeled bins or chutes etc., to bring the waste generated out of the building safely
• Clear pathways in between stacks for easy access while handling further
• Proper Barricade to be provided to restrict entry for unauthorized persons
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Safety Card L - 01
First Aid Equipment
•Canyourecognizethehazardsinthepictures?
•Doyouknowtherisks?
•Doyouknowtheimpactoftheserisks?
1. The first Aid equipment is inaccessible due to blocked materials2. The prescribed contents inside the First Aid box may not be available3. The contents of the first aid box may not match with the hazards at
the Site 4. Non-availability of trained first aid personnel
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Safety Card L - 01
First Aid Equipment• First Aid equipment should be clearly marked with proper signage’s
and free from any obstructions• The prescribed contents inside the First Aid box should be replenished
periodically• The contents of the first aid box should be decided based on the Risk
Assessment of the workplace and as per the local legal requirements• Display names of the trained first aid personnel at conspicuous
locations
213
Safety Card L - 02
Fire Fighting Equipment
•Canyourecognizethehazardsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftheserisks?
1. Fire fighting equipment may not be installed based on the various class of Fire
2. Fire extinguishers may not be accessible due to blocked access3. Use of wrong type of extinguisher for different source of fire e.g.,
Water type extinguisher for electrical fires4. Pressure built up in fire extinguishers due to blockage of discharge
hose5. Faulty pressure gauge indicating incorrect pressure inside the
extinguishing equipment6. Frost bite in Carbon Dioxide type of extinguisher due to incorrect
handling7. Blockage of water sprinklers discharge nozzles
214
Safety Card L - 02
Fire Fighting Equipment
• Fire extinguishers should be selected, installed and maintained as per the criteria defined in 2190 : 1992
• Fire fighting equipment should be also installed based on the Fire Risk Assessment and various types of Fire loads existing in the vicinity
• Location of the Fire fighting equipment should be clearly marked• Fire fighting equipment should be installed within 30 m distance
(local legal requirement) and should be kept free from any blockages all the time
• Training to be imparted on handling and usage of various types of Fire fighting equipment
215
Safety Card L - 03
Rescue Equipment
•Doyouknowthedifferentrescueequipment?•Doyouknowtherisksofinaccurate/faultyequipment?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftheserisks?
216
• Assess the right rescue equipment based on the prevailing risks (including weather / workplace conditions)
• Training is to be provided on rescue operation through professional agencies
• Proper checks and inspection of rescue equipment - Avoid use of faulty and inferior quality of rescue equipment
• Storage and periodic maintenance of rescue equipment
Safety Card L - 03
Rescue Equipment
217
Safety Card L - 04
Lock Out & Tag Out
•Canyourecognizetheerrorsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?
•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
1. The lock-out tag-out requires that hazardous energy sources be “isolated and rendered inoperative” before maintenance or servicing work can begin. These energy sources include electrical (either active current or stored as in a capacitor), pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, thermal, chemical, and the force of gravity
2. It is important to remember all of the energy sources must be “isolated and rendered inoperative.” Over looking energy source has proved fatal on several occasions
218
Safety Card L - 04
Lock Out & Tag Out
• Identify feeder which needs to be switched off by consulting with authorized personnel and by referring to as-built single line power distribution diagrams
• Switch off relevant feeder and rack out the circuit breaker to “isolated position” as applicable
• Lock out the breaker control switch/isolator as applicable with the tag signed off. Key to be retained with the authorized person taking the shutdown
• Work to start only after PTW has been signed off and issued• On completion of work, the reverse procedure should be followed• The feeder should be switched on only after the work completion
has been certified by an authorized person who had applied for the shutdown and PTW has been closed and tag has been signed off
219
Safety Card L - 05
Safety Signs
•Whatarethehazardsinthepictures?•Doyouknowthecorrectlabeling?•Doyouknowthepurposeofsafetysigns?
1. Safety signs give a specific message to those who may be exposed to hazards in the workplace
2. It gives a message to prevent accidents, signify health hazards, indicate the location of safety and Fire protection equipment, or for giving guidance and instructions in an emergency
3. Provision of proper signage will make people aware of the risks involved
4. Safety signage at workplace is a mandatory requirement to prevent accidents
5. It helps protect the workforce
220
Safety Signs
TheSafetySignsshouldbeasperIndianStandard9457:2005
221
Safety Card L - 05
Safety Card M - 01
Angle Grinder
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Damaged wheels breaking injury 2. Electrical shock 3. Electrical Fire
222
Safety Card M - 01
Angle Grinder
• Use grinder with proper guard • Damaged wheel not to be used• Electric connecting wire not opened out near handle• Check connecting wire not damaged• Use face shield to prevent injury
223
Safety Card M - 02
Drill - Pistol-grip corded
•Canyourecognizetheerrorsinthepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Electric shock 2. Electrical fire 3. Person may fall due to entanglement of wire
224
Safety Card M - 02
Drill - Pistol-grip corded
• Industrial plug top to be used• No flexible wire -only Good quality flexible cord to be used• No damage cord to be used• Drill bid tightening to be done by drill bid tightened• All connection to be taken through ELCB / RCCB• Regular inspection of pistol drill machine required • Safe for use / Unsafe for use sticker on pistol drill machine required• Good and damaged to be kept separate
225
Safety Card M - 03
Circular Saw
•Can you recognize theerrorsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Guard missing from circular saw2. Improper size / damaged wheel used3. Improper rating wheel used4. Machine not earthed
226
Safety Card M - 03
Circular Saw
• Never use machine without guard• Crack / damaged / worn out wheel must not be used• Never use metallic circular saw without body earth• Wheel of proper rating as per machine to be used• Always use face shield while cutting metal
227
Safety Card M - 04
Chain Saw
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Kickback is one of the greatest hazards 2. Burns 3. Crush injuries due to fall of tree 4. Cut injuries 5. Electrocution 6. Dismemberment
228
Safety Card M - 04
Chain Saw• Clear away debris from saw’s chain path • Look for nails and other metal before cutting • Shut off the saw and engage its chain brake on rough or uneven
terrain • Keep your hands on Saw’s handle and maintain balance while
operating • Proper personnel protective equipment should be used • Do not wear loose clothing • Gasoline- powered chain saws must be equipped with protective
device that minimizes chain saw kickback • To avoid kickback, do not saw with the tip • Keep tip guard in place • Only authorized and trained person should be allowed to operate • Do regular maintenance of chain saw machine
229
Safety Card M - 05
Electric Generator - Mobile
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Electric shock or electrocution from improper use of power or accidentally energizing other electrical systems
2. Carbon monoxide from generator’s exhaust 3. Fires from improperly refuelling a generator or inappropriately
storing of fuel for generator 4. Noise or vibration hazards
230
Safety Card M - 05
Electric Generator - Mobile
• Never attach a generator directly to the electrical system of a structure (home, office etc.) unless a qualified electrician has properly installed the generator with a transfer switch
• Always plug electrical appliances directly into generator using manufacturer’s supplied cords that are grounded
• Inspect the cords to ensure that they are not damaged, cut or abraded
• Ensure the cords are appropriately rated in watts & amps for intended use
• Do not overload a generator. • Use GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit
Interrupters) especially where electrical equipment is used in wet or damp condition
• Never use a generator in indoors or in enclosed spaces such as garages, basements or crawl spaces
• Make sure generator has 3-4 feet of clear space on all sides and above it to ensure adequate ventilation
• Before refuelling, shut down the generator and allow it to cool down
• Generator fuel should be stored and transported in approved containers only
• Keep the fuel away from flame producing and heat generating devices
• Do not smoke around fuel containers
• Keep portable generator as far away as possible from work areas and gathering
• Wear hearing protection, wherever applicable
231
Safety Card M - 06
Welding Equipment
•Can yourecognize theerrors in thepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?
•Doyouknowtheimpact of therisks?
• Oxy-AcetyleneGasWeldingSet1. Welding set without flashback arrestor2. Damaged hose, potential for gas leakage, fire / explosion hazard3. Clogged welding torch may cause back fire4. Overheating of acetylene cylinder due to high rate of consumption5. Damaged pressure gauge
• ElectricArcWeldingmachine1. Welding lead connected with machine without using Lug2. Improper electrical connection to welding machine3. Earth connection provided through iron strip4. Poor Housekeeping around welding machine5. Loose lead connection may result in fire
232
Safety Card M - 06
Welding EquipmentOxy-Acetylene GasWeldingSet
• Provision of flashback arrestor
• Standard quality hose pipe as per BIS 447
• Cylinder to be stored in trolley away from direct sunlight
• Periodic inspection of welding sets
ElectricArcweldingmachine• Never connect welding machine without lug. It may cause fire and
dam-age of termination point• Electrical connection must be done in proper manner with suitable
industrial top and double insulated cable to be used. Connections should be through 30 mA rated ELCB
• Machine must be double earthed• Work piece should be grounded from a separate connection• The connection should not be through metallic strip / rebar• Worn, damage or bare cables should not be used
233
Safety Card M - 07
Forklift
•Can you recognize thehazardsinthepicture?
•Doyouknowtherisks?•Doyouknowtheimpactoftherisks?
1. Over speeding of forklift 2. Obstructed view by load 3. Others unaware that forklift is present 4. Carrying passengers and horseplay 5. Operating on dirt or gravel 6. Slippery floors 7. Forklift parked on ramp / sloped surface 8. Carrying load which is not kept in balanced form 9. Stacking & de-stacking on racks 10. Diesel operated forklift truck emmits smoke / fume’s11. Head lights not working12. Horn system not working
234
Safety Card M - 07
Forklift
• Only authorized person should operate the forklift
• Use seat belt• Do not raise or lower the forklift• Never overload the forklift;
check the load weight and locate centre of gravity
• Check / Inspect the forklift before operating – use a checklist
• Inspect and secure load • Position the load close to the
vertical backrest • Use battery operated forklift
truck only• Sound horn when turning at
corners where you cannot see;
• Look in the direction of travel• Avoid loose objects• Never carry passengers • Pedestrians have the right of
way• Keep safe distance from edge
of ramps or docks• No horseplay• Speed limit is 15 Kmpl• Never keep the key with the
fork-lift, when you are not using
• Follow safe operating rules as mentioned in OEM manual
• Check if rear mirror and head lights work always
235
Safety Card M - 08
Excavator (Digger)
•Can you recognizethe hazards in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Electric shock or electrocution if boom touches overhead live transmission lines
2. Excavator toppling, if it is operated at the edges of trench 3. Accidental hit by boom of excavator 4. Crush injuries
236
Safety Card M - 08
Excavator (Digger)• Never take anything for granted • Face the machine when climbing on and off, use 3 point contact
method • Keep the excavator clean - clean mud and grease from shoes • Do not work / stand under suspended load • Entering of people into Danger Area is prohibited • Keep the excavator away from edges of trench • Wear appropriate protective equipment • Only authorized person, who have valid license and qualification
should be allowed to operate the excavator • Inspect the excavator before starting the operation, everyday • Keep the excavated material and soil – 1.5 m away from edges of
trench • Ensure that operator wear high visibility clothing when exposed to
traffic • Follow safety instructions of manufacturer’s manual
237
Safety Card M - 09
Spotlight Equipment
Do you know how the workplace should be lit?
1. The workplace must have suitable lighting2. For transport, all roads should be sufficiently lit3. Areas with regular movement of vehicles require special attention4. Glare from sun can be a problem for drivers & hence sun visors
should be used
238
Safety Card M - 09
Spotlight Equipment
• The workplace must have enough and suitable lighting• For transport, all roads, manoeuvring areas and yards should be
sufficiently lit• Areas with regular movement of vehicles require special attention• Glare from sun can be a problem for drivers, use sun visors as a
protection against glare• Avoid strong changes in the amount of light between the inside and
outside of buildings
239
Safety Card M - 10
Crane Safety
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Crane boom, load line or load contacts power lines and shorts electricity to ground
2. Struck by the load, caught inside the swing radius of the crane 3. Overloading of crane, insufficient counterweights, untrained operator,
hence overturned4. Side loading - Side loading can occur when a load is dragged or
pulled side-ways. is one of the most common causes of boom failure 5. Shock loading - Shock loads can be caused by rapid acceleration,
sudden stop-ping, sudden load release, and sudden load snatching6. High wind speeds. High wind speeds affect the capacity of a mobile
crane by increasing the side loading on the boom 7. Improper use of outriggers - If lifting on outriggers, the load chart
rating applies only when all the outrigger beams are fully extended and all tires are clear of the ground
8. Uneven / soft surface - ground condition must have enough stability and bearing capacity to support all loads placed on it by the crane
240
Safety Card M - 10
Crane Safety• Cranes are to be operated only by qualified and trained personnel• A competent person must inspect the crane and all crane controls
before use• Be sure the crane is on a firm/stable surface and level• Fully extend outriggers and barricade accessible areas inside the
crane’s swing radius• Watch for overhead electric power lines and maintain at least a 10-
foot safe working clearance from the lines• Inspect all rigging prior to use; do not wrap hoist lines around the
load• Use correct load chart for crane’s configuration & setup, load weight
and lift path• Raise load a few inches, hold, verify capacity/ balance, and test brake
system before delivering load• Do not move loads over persons • Be sure to follow signals and manufacturer instructions while
operating cranes
241
Safety Card M - 11
Vehicular Safety
•Can you recognizethe errors in thepicture?
•Do you know therisks?
•Do you know theimpactoftherisks?
1. Intersecting roads and high speed traffic movement can be dangerous and can be a potential source of an accident
2. Curves or bends in the road and general road conditions 3. Condition of the vehicle (brake, mirror, gear accelerator etc.) 4. In experienced driver 5. Pedestrian crossings 6. Changes in weather and road conditions
242
Safety Card M - 11
Vehicular Safety
• Only authorized and competent personnel are permitted to operate motor vehicles and industrial equipment
• All motor vehicles or industrial equipment must be operated safely at all times and in accordance with the site safety rules
• A pre-shift inspection must be completed and documented for industrial trucks
• Vehicles and equipment must not block exits, walkways, or fire hydrants
• All vehicles must be in fit condition and should carry proper fitness certificates
• Drivers must be at least 18 years old and hold a valid and current driving license – vehicles exceeding 7.5 tons in the case of engineering plants and 3.5 tons in the case of dampers should be at least 21 years of age
• The person in charge should do spot checking occasionally to ensure that drivers follow the rules (such as: follow the indications given by traffic signs, comply with the signals, stop and look at unguarded railway level crossings or unmanned road junctions without signs before proceeding
243
Annexure - 01
Story Board and Safe Work Method StatementStory Board is an exercise based on a case simulating real life working conditions. This is an application of concepts learnt in the classroom and involves groups as well as the individuals. It is designed to infuse logical thinking amongst the participants and aimed at developing skill for preparing Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS).
In reference to a particular case, Story Board exercise leads to• Evolve correct sequence of activities• Identify Hazards & Risk associated with each activity• Determine controls necessary to mitigate the risks• Preparing Safe Work Method Statement [SWMS]• Identify Safety Card Number appropriate to the risk & control
CustomizedSafetyCards are used as a Reference in this exercise.
SafeWorkMethodStatements(SWMS) is a Management Tool to determine appropriate controls to mitigate risks/hazards associated with various activities of a work. This works in conjunction with and as a supplement of HIRAC and JSA or JHA. It is one of the most critical barriers created by the organization to prevent occurrence of an incident. Success of this Tool depends upon its adequacy and effective deployment. A Template of Safe Work Method Statement is enclosed.
244
Annexure - 01
Story Board and Safe Work Method Statement
245
Siemens Global Skill Centre for Occupational SafetySiemens Ltd.
Kalwa, Airoli Node,
Thane Belapur Road
Navi Mumbai - 400708,
Maharashtra, India
Tel.: +91 (22) 39668406
[email protected] http://www.siemens.co.in/about-us/sitrust.htm
