Safety Class

7/31/2019 Safety Class

1/38

2


2/38

3

SAFETY

Safety is not a resource, it is not an influence, it isnot a procedure and it certainly is not a program.

Safety is state of mind, an atmosphere that mustbecome an integral part of each and everyprocedure that everyone should have.

This, then is what we mean by built in or

integrated safety. It is only band of safety that ispermanently effective.


3/38

4

Site Safety Plan

Site Safety Plan is preparedfor all type of jobs

It contains broad parametersof Safety at site whichincludes make habit safety asa tool

Copy is given to Site Inchargefor implementation


4/38

5

Internal Safety Audit

Internal Safety Audits are conductedat Site by trained internal auditors

A Site is audited once in Twelvemonths

Any nonconformity found duringAudit is brought to the notice ofauditee and discussed withresponsible person

The Nonconformity is immediatelyattended to .


5/38

6

Training

Training is important aspect of

Safety Management function Training needs are identified and

Training calendar is prepared.

Training is conducted as per the

schedule


6/38

7

Training programmes conducted

Safety while working at height

Safety in civil work

Safe erection methods and Rigging practices

Safety in operation of Plant & Machinery

Safety in Gas Cutting and welding operations,


7/38

8

Safety Inspection

All Equipment, Plant & Machinery, Vehicles,Tools, Tackles, Electrical Installations, Workareas, Scaffolds are inspected periodically asper standard guideline / checklists

Compliance with Site Safety rules arechecked during inspection

Corrective & preventive actions are promptlytaken for points observed during inspection


8/38

9

Safety During Construction ofHT/LT lines under DMS

To check for the availability of underground installations like waterline, sewer line, electric/telephone cables etc. and to collectinformation from local people and concerned authorities and also totake proper precautionary measures against the same.

Arrange display caution boards(Bilingual i.e. Local language &

English/Hindi) & Barricade with Red Flag.

Excavated material to be kept at least 1.5m or half the depth of thepit, whichever is more, away from the edge of the pit.


9/38

10

Safety During Construction ofHT/LT lines under DMS

All workmen working inside the pit must wear safety helmets, gumboots, hand gloves etc.

Shoring and shuttering is to be provided to prevent pit collapse,where necessary.

Ladders must be use for entering in the pit.

No Single man should be allowed to work inside pit.

Proper first aid should be available at the site.


10/38

11

Safety During Pole erection

Before starting the Pole erection, it is to be ensured that the pit foundationhas been properly cleared.

Ensure that Erection gang should have sufficient man power strength,skill and experience for the job.

Competent and experienced supervisors/gang leaders to remain presentduring the entire erection work.

Derricks/ladders and other load bearing T&Ps like wire rope, PP rope,D-shackles, pulleys etc. to be used for erection work, must be of good

quality confirming to IS specification etc., sufficient capacity for the job,tested/calibrated and have proper test certificates.

T&Ps are to be thoroughly checked for their healthiness daily before use.


11/38

12

Continued.

All supervisors/workmen at erection site must wear safety helmets and safetybelts who ever working at site.

All buckles of safety belts are to be properly tightened and the safety rope must

always be anchored to a strong support. Improper use of safety belt will notoffer any protection against a fatal fall.

Chin strap & Back strap of safety helmet must be tightened so that the helmetshould not fall during the work.

All safety equipment must be CE/ISI marked.

Guys provided during erection are to be anchored to a strong anchorage point.


12/38

13

Continued.

If crow-bars are used for this purpose then the same are to be driven tothe ground up to full length. Two crow-bars driven to the ground in acrossed manner may be used as one anchoring point, depending on soilconditions.

Maximum permissible angle between the guy rope and horizontal plane is450

Rope should be of joint/cut free

When pulleys etc. are tied to the pole footing through wire rope/PP rope,the same should be protected against damage by the sharp edges ofpoles by providing a padding of old tires, folded gunny bags etc.

Proper first-aid box should be available at the site. And at least oneperson should be trained for first aid technique.


13/38

14

Safety During Stringing

Stringing gang should have sufficient skill and experience for the job.

T&Ps are to be thoroughly checked for their healthiness daily before use.

Stringent checking should be done to ensure all the poles have been permanently earthed.

As far as practicable, jumpers are to be left disconnected until all the work of the line iscompleted.

Conductors should not be left in such a position that it may cause danger to generalpublic.

Inspection of hardware fittings is to be done at site to check for any crack or otherdamage before fixing them to the poles.

For crossing any existing charged line, shut down and PTW for the existing line must betaken and proper procedure of earthing should be followed during earthing and removalof the same after completion of the work.


14/38

15

Precautions while crossing LT lines

Network of the lines in the vicinity is to be thoroughly checked and adequateprecautionary measures should be taken to prevent inadvertent charging of the linewhich is to be crossed.

PTW and shutdown are to be taken for HT line before taking up recon-ducting/LT work

below HT line. The point of isolation of the HT line must be properly protected by manning the point

till the completing of the job and removal of all men and material from the site.

The point of isolation must also be kept under strict lock and key.

Both sides of the working area must be protected by providing with temporary earths.

Proper quality of discharge rods are to be used. All the connecting points of the

discharge rods must have solid connections.

Check the discharge rod connections at earth end and conductor and have solidcontacts. Ensure that connecting lead is of sufficient capacity and free from all cutsand scratches


15/38

16

Continued.

Discharge rods shall remain connected to the LT line until all men andmaterial are removed form the line. No one should be allowed to touchthe line after the discharge rods have been removed, even if the LTline is under shut down.

Discharge rods to be used for construction activities should conform tothe relevant IEC standard.

Electrical resistance hand gloves should be provided and used fordoing such type of work.

Lines required to be crossed and on which shut down need to be

availed, should be short circuited and earthed at both sides of the areaof work immediately after taking the shut down.


16/38

17

Fire Prevention

Fire extinguishers are provided atrequired locations at site.

Safety Engineer familiarises site

personnel with the basic firefighting techniques and handlingof portable fire fighting equipment

He carries out live demonstrationon simulated fires


17/38

18

Accident / Dangerous Occurrence Reporting,Investigation and analysis

All accidents & dangerous occurrences are reported,investigated & analysed.

Safety Committee conducts Investigation and reportshis findings to Regional head and concerneddepartment at jobsite and suggests corrective &preventive measures.

Corrective and preventive actions are immediatelytaken to avoid similar accidents in future


18/38

19


19/38

20

Primary Hazards

Electric shock

Electric fire & explosion

Electric flash Electric burns


20/38

21

Electric Shock

It is sudden & accidental stimulation of thebodys nervous system by electric current.

It is the result of passage of electric currentthrough the human body


21/38

22

Severity of Shock Depends -

Duration of flow

Amount of current

Path of flow of current

Type of energy


22/38

23

Electric Shock Effects

There are a lot of factors involved and not every person has the same electricalresistance. For instance, men tend to have lower resistance than women. Just likefor the resistors used in electronics, the resistance of a persons arm depends on the

arms length and diameter. Resistance goes up with length and down with

diameter. Since men tend to have thicker arms and legs (more muscle), they usuallyhave lower resistance. (An implication of this is that the lethal current for men ishigher than that for women.) A rough value for the internalresistance of the humanbody is 300-1,000 Ohms. Naturally, the resistance also depends on the path thatelectricity takes through the body - if the electricity goes in the left hand and out theright foot, then the resistance will be much higher than if it goes in and out ofadjacent fingers.

Within the body, the tissues with the greatest resistance are bone and fat -nerves and muscle have the least resistance. That said, the majority of the bodys

resistance is in the skin - the dead, dry cells of the epidermis (the skins outer layer)

are very poor conductors. Depending on the person, the resistance of dry skinisusually between 1,000-100,000 Ohms. The skins resistance is much lower if it is wet

or burnt/blistered. This means that when a person is electrocuted in real life, thebodys resistance drops as the skin is burned.


23/38

24

I = V / R

= 230 / 100000 A (Dry Condition)

= 0.0023 A

= 2.3 mA

I = 230 / 5000 (Wet Condition)= 0.046 A

= 46 mA

POWER

SOURCE

Person

in touch

with

live wire

P

N


24/38

25

Body Resistance

Body Area Resistance (ohms)

Dry skin 1000 to 1,00,000

Wet skin 1000

Internal Body Resistance (ohms)

Hand to foot 400 to 600

Ear to ear (About) 100

Effect of Electric Current


25/38

26

EFFECT ON HUMAN 50Hz

Shock, Let go border line of painful = 10 mA

Muscle control affected 15 mA

Breathing difficulties start 20 mA

Severe shock & possible death dueto rapid, uncoordinated series of

contraction of heart muscles causingirregular heart beat & possible death

50 mA

> 3 sec.

Effect of Electric Currenton Human Body


26/38

27

Electric Shock Effects


27/38

28

Shock Protection Methods

Isolation

Current limitation

Low voltage Double insulation

Earthing


28/38

29

Isolation

All electrical equipment should be isolatedfrom accidental contact & approach byunauthorised men. Providing barrier

Panel boards, generators, large motors,batteries should be enclosed

Low & medium voltage OH lines should be

kept 19 above the ground


29/38

30

Check in General for

Neutral earthing (In case of X-mer or DG)

Protective shed

Body earthing

Earth pit for body earthing

Earth resistance

Fuses

Loose connection of cable Housekeeping

Fire extinguisher and type


30/38

31

Earthing

NEUTRAL EARTHING EQUIPMENT EARTHING


31/38

32

Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE)


32/38

33

Brim

Construction of a Safety Helmet


33/38

34

Size of Helmets (IS: 2925)

Nominal size of the HelmetRange of headband sizes

(Circumference inside Headband)Adjustable from

Small 500 to 540 mm

Medium 540 to 590 mm

Large 590 to 640 mm

Tolerance allowed +/- 10 mm


34/38

35

Methods of Personal Fall Protection


35/38

36

Ear Muffs


36/38

37

Types of Eye protectors

Face Shield

Safety

SpectacleSafety Goggle


37/38

38

Types of GlovesVoltage Resistant Gloves

made of natural rubber for protection in tasksinvolving electrical voltage.

special features to be noted are cuff length,style, and voltage classifications.

General Purpose Gloves

provide protection against abrasion, punctures, andcuts.

Ideal for lifting, moving, and handling. Made from a variety of materials, which often are

combined, such as cotton knit, leather, or synthetics.


38/38

39

Documents

Safety Class