Safety Documentation

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Contents

Topics Page No.

List of Tables

List of Charts

1. Introduction

1.1. Industry profile

1.2. Company profile

1.3. Product profile

2. Project description

2.1. Problem Statement

2.2. Research objectives

2.3. Review of Literature

3. Research Methodology

3.1. Sampling design

3.2. Research design

3.3. Data Collection

3.4. Data Analysis

3.5. Limitations

4. Findings

5. Conclusions

5.1. Suggestions

6. Appendices

7. Bibliography


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LIST OF TABLES

S. No. Title of tables Page No.

1.

Products of a soft drink industry2. Few other products of a soft drink industry

3. Analysis of injuries reported by the soft drinks industry 1995/97

4. Working experience of the employees

5. Income level of the employees

6. Satisfaction of the employees with their working environment

7. Workers attended the training program arranged by the management

8. Opinion on safety measures handled in the work place

9. Satisfaction on the placement of the warning panels regarding safety

in the firm

10. Safety materials provided by the management to the workers

11. Opinion on the flexibility of the management

12. Opinion on the awareness of the safety rules among the employees

13. Opinion on carelessness in working environment

14. Satisfaction of the employees on the health and safety training

program

15. Responsibility of the workers towards their co-workers

16. Communication between the workers and the management

17. Opinion on the first aid facilities given by the organization in case ofany accident.

18. Opinion on giving rewards to improve safety awareness

19. Awareness of employees in case of an emergency

20.Importance of reviewing and revising the Safety Operating

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Procedures

21. Opinion on health and safety inspections

22. Opinion on training given to the new employees

23. Employees those who met with accidents in their work place

24. The department which has more number of accidents taking place

25. Standard deviation on income level of employees

26. Weighted average on the satisfaction level of the working

environment

27. Data collected on training of employees in emergency situation

28. Chi-square test on employees training in emergency situation

29. Data collected on attendance of employees and workers met with

accidents

30. Chi-square test on the level of accidents in the firm

31. Data on responsibility of workers in reporting problems to their

superiors

32. Chi square test on reporting issues from their co-workers

33. Spearmans rank correlation on revision of SOP by inspections

34. Spearmans rank correlation on satisfaction of employees on their

training

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S.No. Title of the chartsPage

No.

1. Working experience of workers

2. Income level of the workers

3.Satisfaction level of the employees on their working

environment

4. Number of workers attended the training program

5. Opinion on handling safety measures

6. Opinion on placement of warning panels

7. Safety materials provided to the workers

8. Flexibility of the management towards employee safety

9. Opinion on the awareness of the safety rules

10. Opinion on carelessness in working environment

11. Satisfaction on the health and safety training programs

12. Responsibility among the employees

13. Communication between the workers and the management.

14. Satisfaction on the first aid facilities

15. Opinion on giving rewards to improve safety awareness

16. Awareness regarding emergency issues

17. Opinion on the importance of the SOP

18. Opinion on safety inspections conducted by the management

19. Opinion on safety training given to the new employees

20. Workers met with accidents in their work place

21. Department with more number of accidents

4

LIST OF CHARTS


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1. Introduction

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Safety

Safety is the conditionorstateofbeing safe. The word safety can be defined as the

freedomfrom whateverexposes onetodangerorfromliability tocause dangerorharm;

safeness; hence, thequality ofmaking safe orsecure, orofgivingconfidence, justifying

trust, insuringagainstharm orloss, etc.

Safety Measures

Safety measures are activities and precautions taken to improve safety, i.e. reduce risk

related to human health.

Common safety measures include:

* Root cause analysis to identify causes of a system failure and correct deficiencies.

* Visual examination for dangerous situations such as emergency exits blocked because

they are being used as storage areas.

* Visual examination for flaws such as cracks, peeling, loose connections.

* Chemical analysis

* X-ray analysis to see inside a sealed object such as a weld, a cement wall or an airplane

outer skin.

* Destructive testing of samples

* Stress testing subjects a person or product to stresses in excess of those the person or

product is designed to handle, to determining the "breaking point".

* Safety margins/Safety factors. For instance, a product rated to never be required to

handle more than 200 pounds might be designed to fail under at least 400 pounds, a

safety factor of two. Higher numbers are used in more sensitive applications such as

medical or transit safety.

* Implementation of standard protocols and procedures so that activities are conducted in

a known way.

* Training of employees, vendors, product users

* Instruction manuals explaining how to use a product or perform an activity

* Instructional videos demonstrating proper use of products

* Examination of activities by specialists to minimize physical stress or increase

6
http://ardictionary.com/The/2611http://ardictionary.com/Condition/9960http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/State/14594http://ardictionary.com/Of/869http://ardictionary.com/Being/1878http://ardictionary.com/Safe/290http://ardictionary.com/Freedom/6011http://ardictionary.com/From/6446http://ardictionary.com/Whatever/2046http://ardictionary.com/One/1365http://ardictionary.com/To/4489http://ardictionary.com/Danger/355http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/From/6446http://ardictionary.com/Liability/2637http://ardictionary.com/To/4489http://ardictionary.com/Cause/2856http://ardictionary.com/Danger/355http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/Harm/1005http://ardictionary.com/Safeness/306http://ardictionary.com/Hence/2426http://ardictionary.com/The/2611http://ardictionary.com/Quality/247http://ardictionary.com/Of/869http://ardictionary.com/Making/670http://ardictionary.com/Safe/290http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/Secure/3828http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/Of/869http://ardictionary.com/Giving/2065http://ardictionary.com/Confidence/10173http://ardictionary.com/Justifying/1252http://ardictionary.com/Trust/7936http://ardictionary.com/Insuring/5340http://ardictionary.com/Against/3160http://ardictionary.com/Harm/1005http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/Loss/4851http://ardictionary.com/The/2611http://ardictionary.com/Condition/9960http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/State/14594http://ardictionary.com/Of/869http://ardictionary.com/Being/1878http://ardictionary.com/Safe/290http://ardictionary.com/Freedom/6011http://ardictionary.com/From/6446http://ardictionary.com/Whatever/2046http://ardictionary.com/One/1365http://ardictionary.com/To/4489http://ardictionary.com/Danger/355http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/From/6446http://ardictionary.com/Liability/2637http://ardictionary.com/To/4489http://ardictionary.com/Cause/2856http://ardictionary.com/Danger/355http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/Harm/1005http://ardictionary.com/Safeness/306http://ardictionary.com/Hence/2426http://ardictionary.com/The/2611http://ardictionary.com/Quality/247http://ardictionary.com/Of/869http://ardictionary.com/Making/670http://ardictionary.com/Safe/290http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/Secure/3828http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/Of/869http://ardictionary.com/Giving/2065http://ardictionary.com/Confidence/10173http://ardictionary.com/Justifying/1252http://ardictionary.com/Trust/7936http://ardictionary.com/Insuring/5340http://ardictionary.com/Against/3160http://ardictionary.com/Harm/1005http://ardictionary.com/Or/1924http://ardictionary.com/Loss/4851


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productivity

* Government regulation so suppliers know what standards their product is expected to

meet.

* Industry regulation so suppliers know what level of quality is expected. Industry

regulation is often imposed to avoid potential government regulation.

* Self-imposed regulation of various types.

* Statements of Ethics by industry organizations or an individual company so its

employees know what is expected of them.

* Drug testing of employees, etc.

* Physical examinations to determine whether a person has a physical condition that

would create a problem.

* Periodic evaluations of employees, departments, etc.

* Geological surveys to determine whether land or water sources are polluted, how firm

the ground is at a potential building site, etc.

Safety measures in Soft drink industry

The soft drink industry has a working environment probably with many reported

accidents. Handling safety measures for such an industry is a hard job.

Priorities are likely to be different in the three main parts of the soft drinks industry

(production, distribution and dispense) because of the nature of the activities undertaken.

1.1. Industry Profile

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One of the dynamic industries in our country is the soft drink industry. Soft

drinks are a non-alcoholic beverage made with carbonated water. Such drinks are called

soft to distinguish them from Alcoholic or hard drinks. Soft drinks are also called pop

because the type of bottle caps used before 1890s made a popping noise when removed.

People in various areas call soft drinks as soda. Most soft drinks are sweetened and

flavored with specially prepared syrup, the flavoring are usually made from various plant

part such as root, bark and seeds of cola tree. Most brands of soft drinks were

manufactured through franchised bottle with a security formulated beverage syrup or

flavor base.

Mr. Joseph Priestly, an English Chemist,produced the first artificially

carbonated water in the year 1772. At that time mineral water was a popular remedy for

certain diseases. Previously artificial mineral water was also called as soda water. In

1806 bottled soft water was produced and sold by Mr. Benjamin Sill man, a Chemistry

Professor at Yale College. The number of soft drink bottling company in the United

States increased approximately from 65 to 2000, within the period 1980-2000 during

1970s increased in the price of soft drinks. Many people switched to less expensive non-

carbonated soft drinks, produced using powdered mixes which became an important part

of an industry.

The Soft Drink Industry consists of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing

non-alcoholic, carbonated beverages, mineral waters and concentrates and syrups for the

manufacture of carbonated beverages. Establishments primarily engaged in

manufacturing fruit juices and non-carbonated fruit drinks are classified in Canned and

Preserved Fruit and Vegetable Industry. Principal activities and products:

Aerated waters;

Carbonated beverages;

Mineral and spring waters;

Soft drink concentrates and syrup; and

Soft drink preparation carbonating.

Soft Drink and Ice Manufacturing:

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Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing soft drinks, ice or bottled water,

including that which is naturally carbonated. Water-bottling establishments in this

industry purify the water before bottling it.

Fruit drinks (except juice), manufacturing

Ice (except dry ice), manufacturing

Iced tea, bottling or canning

Soft drinks, manufacturing

Water, purifying and bottling

Table 1: Products of a soft drink industry

Exclusion(s): Establishments primarily engaged in:

Freezing juices and drinks

Canning fruit and vegetable juices

Manufacturing milk-based drinks

Manufacturing coffee and tea, except ready-to-drink

Manufacturing soft drink bases or fruit syrups for flavouring

Manufacturing non-alcoholic beer and wine

Flavouring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing:

Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing soft drink concentrates and syrup,

and related products for soda fountain use or for making soft drinks.

Beverage bases, manufacturing Fruit syrups for flavouring,

manufacturing

Flavouring concentrates (except coffee-

based), manufacturing Soda fountain syrups, manufacturing

Soft drink bases, manufacturing

Table 2: Few other products of a soft drink industry

Exclusion(s): Establishments primarily engaged in:

Reducing maple sap to maple syrup

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Manufacturing chocolate syrup

Manufacturing flavouring extracts

Manufacturing powdered drink mixes and table syrup from corn syrup and

Manufacturing soft drinks.

In a rapidly changing climate, the Soft Drink Industry as with other food and beverage

processing industries must address a number of challenges if it is to continue to grow and

prosper. These include the following:

concentration of major retail chains, resulting in a higher degree of competition

for shelf space;

changing consumer demographics resulting in changing consumer tastes and

increased demand for healthier products; and,

increased competition from other non-alcoholic beverages, such as energy drinks

and sports drinks.

Although retail concentration has increased over the years, soft drink manufacturers

enjoy a wider variety of distribution channels than some processed food and beverage

products. The industry distributes its products through supermarkets and grocery stores,

drug stores, convenience stores and gas outlets, mass merchandisers and warehouseoutlets. The foodservice and hospitality industry, in particular fast food outlets, is another

method of distribution. Vending machines also provide a distribution channel for these

products.

1.2. Company Profile

PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and has grown to become one of the countrys

leading food and beverage companies.

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One of the largest multinational investors in the country, PepsiCo has established a

business which aims to serve the long term dynamic needs of consumers in India.

In 1903, Pepsi-cola trademark was registered. In the real of non alcoholic drinks

consumers spent more money on carbonated soft drinks than anything else. The sector isdominated by three major players which together control nearly 80% of the global

market. Coca-Cola is king of the soft drink empire and boasts a global market share of

around 50% followed by Pepsi co at about 21% and Cadbury Schweppes 1dr pepper and

save up at 70%.

PepsiCo is most successful consumer product company in the world with annual revenue

of $ 20 billion and about 1, 43,000 employees.

Some of PepsiCos brand names are nearly 100 years old. PepsiCo has achieved

a leadership position in each of the two major packaged good business i.e. beverage and

snack chips. PepsiCo the conglomerate king of soft drink has its wide range of soft

drinks products available in every book & corner of the world.

The company consists of Frito-Lay North America, PepsiCo Beverages North

America, PepsiCo International and Quaker Foods North America. PepsiCo brands are

available in nearly 200 countries and territories and generate sales at the retail level of

about $92 billion.

Some of PepsiCo's brand names are more than 100-years-old, but the corporation

is relatively young. PepsiCo was founded in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola and

Frito-Lay. Tropicana was acquired in 1998 and PepsiCo merged with The Quaker Oats

Company, including Gatorade, in 2001.

PepsiCo offers product choices to meet a broad variety of needs and preference --

from fun-for-you items to product choices that contribute to healthier life style.

To be the world's premier consumer Products Company check on convenient

foods and beverages. We seek to produce healthy financial rewards to investors as we

provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners

and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for

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honesty, fairness and integrity.

Shareholders

PepsiCo (symbol: PEP) shares are traded principally on the New York StockExchange in the United States. The company is also listed on the Amsterdam, Chicago

and Swiss stock exchanges. PepsiCo has consistently paid cash dividends since the

corporation was founded.

Corporate Citizenship

At PepsiCo, we believe that as a corporate citizen, we have a responsibility to

contribute to the quality of life in our communities. This philosophy is expressed in oursustainability vision which states: PepsiCo responsibility is to continually improve all

aspects of the world in which we operate environment, social, economic -- creating a

better tomorrow than today.

Our vision is put into action through programs and a focus on environmental

stewardship, activities to benefit society, and a commitment to build shareholder value by

making PepsiCo a truly sustainable company.

PepsiCo Boilerplate

PepsiCo offers the worlds largest portfolio of billion-dollar food and beverage brands,

including 18 different product lines each generating more than $1 billion in annual retail

sales. Our main businesses Frito-Lay, Quaker, Pepsi-Cola, Tropicana and Gatorade

also make hundreds of other nourishing, tasty foods and drinks that bring joy to our

consumers in over 200 countries. With more than $43 billion in 2008 revenues, PepsiCo

employs 285,000 people who are united by our unique commitment to sustainable

growth, called Performance with Purpose. By dedicating ourselves to offering a broad

array of choices for healthy, convenient and fun nourishment, reducing our

environmental impact, and fostering a diverse and inclusive workplace culture, PepsiCo

balances strong financial returns with giving back to our communities worldwide.

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Brand Facts

PepsiCo nourishes consumers with a range of products from tasty treats to healthy eats

that deliver enjoyment, nutrition, convenience as well as affordability

The group has built an expansive beverage and foods business. To support its operations,

PepsiCo has 42 bottling plants in India, of which 13 are company owned and 29 are

franchisee owned. In addition to this, PepsiCos Frito Lay division has 3 state-of-the-art

plants. PepsiCos business is based on its sustainability vision of making tomorrow better

than today. PepsiCos commitment to living by this vision every day is visible in its

contribution to the country, consumers and farmers.

Brand Advantage

Pepsi has become a friend to the youth and has led many youth cultures.

Youngsters over the generations have grown up with Pepsi and share an emotional

connect with it, unlike any other cola brand. Be it parties, hangouts, or just another

day at home, a day is never complete without the fizz of Pepsi!

Pepsi, Cricket and Bollywood have been joined at the hip since the beginning.

Shah Rukh Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Saif Ali Khan, Amitabh Bachchan, Kareena

Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra, Virender Sehwag, M. S. Dhoni, John Abraham, RanbirKapoor and Deepika Padukone are a few celebrities who will go any length for a

chilled Pepsi.

The Pepsi My Can is undoubtedly the most popular cola pack of all times. It is not

just a pack but a style statement for todays youth.

THE INDIAN STORY

Pepsi & Co came to India as food processing unit, Punjab during the year 1986-87

head office Pepsi food unit situated in Delhi, employees are more than 2500 people.

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Pepsi co today is the leader in the cola and orange segments of beverages in India and

enjoys leadership in soft drinks in many parts of the country.

It focuses on execution excellence, strengthen, bottle network, reach and penetration in

rural and semi-urban areas and customer focused marketing areas.

HEAD OFFICE

PEPSI FOODS PEPSI CO PEPSI INDIA

INDIA HOLDING MARKETING

COMPANY FRANCHISE

OWNED OPERATION

OPERATION

PEPSI INDIA MARKETING:

Distribute soft drink all over the world

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There are two types they are,

1. Company owned Operation

2. Franchise operation

1. Company owned operation:

Company owned operation means where the company if self sells the soft drinks

and pet items

2. Franchise operation:

It means where the private agency make contract with the company to sell the soft

drinks and pet items.

Franchise operated plants where setup in India which manufactured the

concentrate in the year 1993 1994.

PEPSI PROFILE IN MADURAI

The present plant located at Paravai, Madurai was commissioned in December

1987 to manufacture double cola a regional product. The plant was taken over by Mr.

Adaikalaraj a congress M.P. Thenfor selling PepsiCo product a franchise. The plant

was acquired by PepsiCo on 2nd May 1994; it is located 8km from the city of Madurai and

service the entire south TamilNadu and parts of Kerala.

This plant at presently has been installed capacity of 435 BPM and 65 employees.

This plant has been identified as a center of excellence among the Pepsi cola international

plant and has been a consistent performance in areas of product quality and plant key

performance indicators.

1.3. PRODUCT PROFILE

Soft drinks are a non-alcoholic beverage made on carbonated water. Such drinks are

called soft to distinguish then from alcoholic or hard drinks. Pepsi co today is the leader

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in the cola and orange segments of beverages in India and Enjoys leadership in soft

drinks in many par of the country.

Beverages

PepsiCo Indias expansive portfolio includes iconic refreshment beverages Pepsi, 7 UP,

Nimbooz, Mirinda and Mountain Dew, in addition to low calorie options such as Diet

Pepsi, hydrating and nutritional beverages such as Aquafina drinking water, isotonic

sports drinks - Gatorade, Tropicana100% fruit juices, and juice based drinks Tropicana

Nectars, Tropicana Twister and Slice. Local brands Lehar Evervess Soda, Dukes

Lemonade and Mangola add to the diverse range of brands.

Foods

PepsiCos food division, Frito-Lay, is the leader in the branded salty snack market and all

Frito Lay products are free of trans-fat and MSG. It manufactures Lays Potato Chips,

Cheetos extruded snacks, Uncle Chipps and traditional snacks under the Kurkure andLehar brands. The companys high fibre breakfast cereal, Quaker Oats, and low fat and

roasted snack options enhance the healthful choices available to consumers. Frito Lays

core products, Lays, Kurkure, Uncle Chipps and Cheetos are cooked in Rice Bran Oil to

significantly reduce saturated fats and all of its products contain voluntary nutritional

labeling on their packets.

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It has the following major brands;

Foods

Cheetos

Kurkure

Lay's

Lehar Namkeen

Quaker Oats

Uncle Chipps

Aliva

Beverages

Pepsi

7UP

Aquafina

Gatorade

Mountain Dew

Nimbooz

Slice

Tropicana

Tropicana Twister

Mirinda

This is the number one bottle brand in the United States. The snack food category

includes Cheetos, Lays.

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http://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/Cheetos.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/Kurkure.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/Lays.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/LeherNamkeen.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/QuakerOats.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/UncleChipps.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/Aliva.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Pepsi.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/7up.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Aquafina.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Gatorade.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/MountainDew.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Nimbooz.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Slice.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Tropicana.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/TropicanaTwister.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/mirinda.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/Cheetos.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/Kurkure.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/Lays.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/LeherNamkeen.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/QuakerOats.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/UncleChipps.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Foods/Aliva.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Pepsi.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/7up.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Aquafina.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Gatorade.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/MountainDew.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Nimbooz.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Slice.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/Tropicana.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/TropicanaTwister.aspxhttp://www.pepsiindia.co.in/Brands/Beverage/mirinda.aspx


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2. Project Description

In an industry with numerous chances of accidents like a soft drink industry it is hard to

maintain and handle the safety measures among the employees.

And, for a multinational company like PepsiCo with a huge number of employees the job

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of taking proper measures is vital.

It would be more appropriate to inquire the views of the workers who really work in such

tough working environment to know the steps to be taken to build an accident free

surrounding.

2.1. Problem Statement

The major aim of the following study is to recognize the labour safety measures taken

in PepsiCo India Holdings Private Limited, Madurai; analyze the details acquired to

find the steps taken by the management to have a safe and secured environment for the

employees working in the firm.

2.2. Research Objectives

The objective of the conducted study is to promote a safe and healthy working

environment by providing a framework that allows the organization to consistently

identify and control its health and safety risks, reduce the potential for accidents, aid

legislative compliance and improve overall performance. The objective includes:

Potential reduction in the number of accidents Proof of legal and regulatory compliance

To know commitment to health and safety

Better management of health and safety risks

Potential reduced public liability insurance costs

And thereby have a working environment with reduced risks related to human health.

2.3. Review of Literature

There have been number of research processes done on the safety measures of various

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industries. And when it comes to soft drink industry there are risks involved in all the

level of the processes from production till shipping.

And here is the study Printed and published by the Health and Safety Executive Guide to

the conduct of pallet racking and shelving surveys Guideline No 6, which clearly

indicates the importance of safety management in a soft drink industry.

HSE information sheet

Priorities for health and safety in the soft drinks industry

Food Sheet No 19

IntroductionThis sheet contains important information for employers and employees in the soft drinks

industry and has been agreed with the main trade associations. It draws your attention to

aspects of the working environment that deserve special attention.

The information in this sheet is based on an analysis of injuries reported to HSE and local

authorities by employers, HSEs investigations and information from the industry.

Employers should assess all the information discussed in this sheet to make sure that

adequate precautions are in place, and remain in place. If you need further guidance on a

particular topic, please refer to the Useful information section which lists both HSE and

trade association publications.

Scope of this guidance

This guidance is based on reports to HSE and local authorities from employers whose

main activity is coded to Standard Industrial Classification (1992) 1598. This code

includes soft drink production and some distribution/delivery.

The priorities

Table 1 lists the most common situations that cause accidents across the whole industry,

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in order of priority. The table, along with other experience, indicates that it is important

to focus on the following issues as they cause over 80% of all injuries:

(a) manual handling - especially crates, drinks packs and heavy plant;

(b) slips and trips - 90% of slips are on wet surfaces;

(c) people being struck by moving objects, including falls of articles - especially while

being handled;

(d) machinery - especially conveyors and packaging plant;

(e) falls - especially from vehicles, stairs, ladders and work platforms;

(f) vehicles - especially fork-lift trucks.

Although few injuries arise from entry into confined spaces (entry rarely required) or

from fire and explosion (most flavouring essences are highly flammable liquids and sugar

dust is explosible), managing these risks will remain priorities for the industry in view of

the potential consequences if matters went amiss.

Priorities are likely to be different in the three main parts of the soft drinks industry

(production, distribution and dispense) because of the nature of the activities undertaken.

Nevertheless, the broad conclusions above will be helpful in targeting effort.

Occupational ill health

Because accident reports do not include occupational ill health, Table 1 only covers

safety. But experience suggests that the occupational ill health priorities are likely to be:

(a) chronic ill health, such as back injuries, from heavy manual handling, eg of crates,

drinks packs and items of plant;

(b) noise-induced hearing loss from noisy plant, eg packaging machinery (especially

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canning and bottling lines) compressors, boilers etc.

The risks compared with other industries

Incidence rates, that is the number of reported injuries per 100 000 employees, enable

comparisons to be made with other industries.

For 1996/97 the incidence rate for the soft drinks industry, from official figures, indicated

a rate of 236 for major injuries and 930 for injuries causing over-three-day absences.

The combined overall injury rate for the soft drinks industry for 1996/97 was 1166. This

may be compared to the average for all manufacturing industry of 1210.

Table 3 Analysis of injuries reported by the soft drinks industry 1995/97

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Kind of injury Relative importance Significant factors

Handling 26% of all reported injuries* 16%

of major injuries**

Of those specified, 41% were due to weight, 27

due to sharp edges on the load, 15% due to the

awkward nature of the loadSlips and trips 23% of all reported injuries 30%

of major injuries

Of those specified, 40% were slips (mostly due

wet contamination), 20% tripping over

obstructions, 11% from uneven floors/drainsBeing struck by moving

object (including injury

from hand tools)

13% of all reported injuries 13%

of major injuries

Of those specified, 42% were from articles falli

and 6% from hand tools. Exploding glass bottle

also figure in investigationsMachinery 9% of all reported injuries 14% of

major injuries

Of those specified, 44% involved conveyors.

Investigations indicate the rest are mostly

packaging machines, particularly fillers, labeler

wrappers, palletizes and depolarizersFalls from a height 8% of all reported injuries 7% of

major injuries

Of those specified, 18% from stairs, 17% from

vehicles, 15% from ladders, 14% from work

platforms, 7% from plant. Often guards rails w

defective or missing and large machinery had p

accessStriking against objects 8% of all reported injuries 4% of

major injuries

Of those specified, 67% were against fixed obj

and 15% against moveable objects

Exposure to hazardous

substances/hot objects

5% of all reported injuries 4% of

major injuries

34% involved release of hazardous substances,

14% spillages from portable containers, 29%being splashed by hot or cold substances. In ma

cases appropriate PPE was not used and facial

injuries occurredTransport 3% of all reported injuries 7% of

major injuries

Of those specified, 71% involved fork-lift truck

9% non-powered trucks and 6% goods vehicles

Investigations suggest they are mostly due to po

visibility (eg reversing), driver inattention and

poor pedestrian segregation

* All reported injuries include: fatalities, major and over - three - day absence injuries

** Major injuries include broken bones, hospitalization over 24 hours, eye injuries etc

It is not possible to determine separate injury incidence rates for soft drinks production

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and distribution/delivery from official figures. However, industry information suggests

that the incidence of injury for drinks distribution and delivery is about 1.5 times higher

than that for production.

Manual handling falls on and from vehicles, and slips/trips are the main causes of injury

in drinks distribution. Manual handling and slips/trips are responsible for most of the

excess incidence.

Fatal accidents

There have been six fatalities since 1989, giving the industry one of the highest fatal

injury rates of the drinks industry. Five of the fatalities involved vehicles, three being

crushed by goods vehicles and two in which drivers were struck by fork-lift trucks. The

other resulted from a low fall.

In addition to vehicle-related and fall from height injuries, potential for fatal injury also

exists with confined spaces, from both toxic (carbon dioxide) and asphyxiant (nitrogen)

atmospheres, falling objects and electrical plant. Continued care is needed to properly

manage risks arising from these hazards.

Safety checklist

This checklist includes the most common situations that cause injuries, as well as a list of

preventative measures:

Handling

(a) Avoid manually lifting, heavy or sharp objects, or awkward lifting and pulling

movements where possible.

(b) Eliminate manual handling of heavy plant during maintenance.

(c) Ensure tools and aids are properly used.

(d) Plan vehicle loading to minimize risks during loading and unloading.

(e) Where it is not reasonably practicable to mechanize handling, assess the factors

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leading to the risk and take appropriate precautions, including training staff in correct

handling techniques.

Slips

(a) Prevent spillage and leakage onto the floor (90% of slips occur on wet surfaces).

(b) Take measures to contain unavoidable spillages (eg proper drainage), so that they do

not contaminate walkways and adjacent areas.

(c) Consider slip-resistance of floor and footwear.

(d) Extra precautions will be required during adverse weather conditions (eg frost, ice or

rain).

Trips

(a) Avoid obstructions in walkways and at workstations.

(b) Avoid uneven floors.

(c) Keep vehicle beds tidy and free from trip hazards (eg shrink-wrap and pallets).

Being struck by falling and moving objects

(a) Only use undamaged pallets and secure pallet loads with shrink-wrap.

(b) Plan vehicle loads so that they remain stable in transit .

(c) Use mechanical aids to prevent articles falling during maintenance.

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(d) Protect warehouse racking from damage and inspect regularly for signs of wear.

Machinery

(a) Check hazards and guarding, especially at palletisers, conveyors, bottling, canning

and labelling machinery.

(b) Train staff in correct intervention procedures, especially isolation of all forms of

power.

Falls

(a) Identify where access is needed and arrange permanent, safe access on

plant/buildings.

(b) Check condition of and maintain stairs and ladders.

(c) Devise safe procedures for access on and off vehicles.

Striking against objects

(a) Improve design, layout and housekeeping of working environment.

(b) Use tools and personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimise cuts from broken

glass.

Exposure to harmful substances

(a) Minimise need for contact with chemicals by using cleaning-in-place systems,

improving plant design etc.

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(b) Assess how substances can be safely used ensuring relevant PPE is worn when

required.

(c) Use formal systems of work for unavoidable entry into confined spaces.

(d) Monitor conditions during entry into confined spaces and have rescue procedures in

place.

Transport

(a) Segregate vehicles and pedestrians, particularly at interface between production lines,

storage areas and vehicle loading.

(b) Improve visibility and keep maneuvering space free of obstructions.

(c) Prevent reversing where possible and, where required, ensure safe reversing

procedures and reversing aids are used.

(d) Train lift truck drivers and regularly assess their competence.

Acknowledgements

The assistance of the British Soft Drinks Association (BSDA) is gratefully

acknowledged in drawing up this information sheet.

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3. Research Methodology

In research special problems grow out of the need for concept precision and

inventiveness. We design hypotheses using concepts. We devise measurement concepts

by which to test these hypothetical statements. We gather data using these measurement

concepts. The success of research hinges on

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(1). How clearly we conceptualize and

(2). How clearly others understand our concept we use.

The challenge is to develop concepts that others will clearly understand.

3.1. Sampling Design

The basic idea for sampling is that by selecting some of the elements in a population, we

may draw conclusions about the entire population.

There are several compelling reasons for sampling, including

1. Lower cost

2. Greater accuracy of results

3. Greater speed of data collection and

4. Availability of population elements

Population size:

In PepsiCo India Holdings Private Limited, there are 6 managers, 23 executives, 49

associates and nearly 450 contract labors.

Our study is on the Labors safety measures which could be conducted with the employees

who are directly involved in the working environment, those who really aware of the risk

factors involved. Therefore our population may have the 49 associates and 450 contract

labors. Where as, here in PepsiCo the contract labors are non permanent work on the

basis of yearly contracts, hence they will not be the suitable people to conduct the study.

And so our target population comes with 49 associates.

The size of target population is 49.

Sample size:

From the target population we have chosen 30 employees to conduct the study, which is

nearly 60% of the target population. The samples chosen for the study are distributed

among all the departments of the firm. This includes departments as Production,

Shipping, Purchase, Maintenance, Stores, Quality control and Sales.

Sampling method:

We have chosen the Judgement sampling which is Purposive in nature as we decided to

use the Non- probability sampling.

As we have to conduct a study on labor problems, we may want to talk only with those

who have experienced on the job discrimination.

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3.2. Research design

Research design is the plan and structure of investigation so conceived as to obtain

answers to research questions. The plan is the overall scheme or program of the research.

It includes an outline of what the investigator will do from writing hypotheses and their

operational implications to the final analysis of data.

Design of the research process:

Fig 2: Overview of Research Design.

This is the overview of the research design used for the project.

3.3. Data Collection

The data collection instrument used to collect the data is a self administered

questionnaire. A questionnaire is left to be completed by the respondent in a convenient

location. The survey consists of 29 questions with,

4 open questions, 7 Dichotomous questions, 5 Multiple choice single response

30

Develop Research Plan

Collect the information

Analysis the information

Present the findings

Make the decision


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questions, 1 Multiple choice Multiple response questions, 12 Likert scale questions.

And it consists of measurement scales as nominal, interval and ordinal.

In PepsiCo India Holdings Pvt. Ltd., Madurai, where the study have been conducted the

employees were provided with questionnaire in their break time at canteen. Once the

respondents have completed answering the questionnaire, it is collected and stored for the

future analyze.

It took 4 days to collect 30 samples as the work of the employees are on shift basic, there

are three shifts a day with 8 hours time for each respectively and we are allowed to

conduct the survey only during the free time of the employees.

The employees are very co-operative as they spend their break time in responding our

questionnaire in spite of their tight schedule of work.

3.4. Data Analysis

Data analysis is the most technical part involved in a project report. It summarizes the

methods used to analyze the data and describes the data handling, preliminary analysis,

statistical tests, computer programs, and other technical information.

There are different types of representation of data as,

Text Presentation

Semi tabular Presentation

Tabular Presentation and

Graphics (charts)

In this study we are going to use tabular and graphical representation of data as follows:

Question 1: Working experience of the employees

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Table 4: Working experience of the employees

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 to 2 3 to 6 7 to 10 above

10

Experience in years

working experience of worke rs

Number of samples

Chart 1: working experience of workers.

Inference:

In PepsiCo India holdings, nearly 50%of the employees are working above 10 years,

therefore most of their workers are well experienced.

And only 13% of workers are working less than 3 years.

Working experience

0 to 2 3 to 6 7 to 10 above 10 totalNumber of samples 4 5 6 15 30

In Percentage 13.33 16.67 20 50 100

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Experience is a most important factor in reducing the risks of accidents.

Question 2: Income level of the employees

Below

7000

7000-

13000

14000-

20000

Above

20000 Total

Number of

respondents 7 19 3 1 30

In Percentage 23.33 63.34 10 3.33 100

Table 5: Income level of the employees

Income level

23.33

63.33

103.33

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 2 3

Salary (in Rs)

N

umberofrespondents(In

percentage)

Above 20000

14000 - 20000

7000 - 13000

Below 7000

Chart 2: Income level of the workers

Inference:

Most of the employees nearly 63% are getting salary at the range of Rs. 7000 13000.

And nearly 23% of employees are getting below Rs. 7000.

Whereas, about 77% of employees are getting salary above Rs. 7000 and 14% are getting

salary above Rs. 14000

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Question 3: Satisfaction of the employees with their working environment

Highly

satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied

Highly

dissatisfied Total

Number of respondents 4 16 7 3 0 30

In Percentage 13.33 53.33 23.33 10 0 100

Table 6: Satisfaction of the employees with their working environment

Satisfaction level on working environment

13%

54%

23%

10% 0% Highly satisfied

Satisfied

Neutral

Dissatisfied

Highly dissatisfied

Chart 3: Satisfaction level of the employees on their working environment

Inference:

From the above chart we could get that nearly 67% of the employees are satisfied with

their working environment and 13% of them are highly satisfied.

And about 10% of the workers are dissatisfied with their working environment among

which 23% are not willing to share their views.

This shows there is a need of improving the working place of the employees.

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Question 4: Workers attended the training program arranged by the management

Yes No Total

Number of

respondents 23 7 30

In Percentage 76.66 23.33 100

Table 7: Workers attended the training program arranged by the management

23

76.66

7

23.33

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes No

Workers attended the training program arranged

by the management

Number of

respondents

In Percentage

Chart 4: Number of workers attended the training program

Inference:

Among the 30 respondents 23 of them have attended the training programs conducted by

the management (i.e.,) nearly 77% of them.

Where as, 23% of the employees have not attended the training program.

Training is the important process to avoid accidents; still 23% is a considerable number

of employees. Therefore the training program should be made as a compulsory course of

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action.

Question 5: Opinion on safety measures handled in the work place

Highly


Highly

dissatisfied Total

Number of

respondents 3 20 5 2 0 30

In Percentage 10 66.66 16.66 6.66 0 100

Table 8: Opinion on safety measures handled in the work place

Opinion on handling of safety measure s by the

organisation

10%

66%

17%

7%0%

Highly satisfied

Satisfied

Neutral

Dissatisfied

Highly dissatisfied

Chart 5: Opinion on handling safety measures

Inference:

About the handling of safety measures in the organization, nearly 10% of them are highlysatisfied and 66% are satisfied with the performance of the management.

Where as, 7% of they are dissatisfied to some extent. In which nearly, 17% of workers

are not willing to give their suggestion.

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Question 6: Satisfaction on the placement of the warning panels regarding safety in the

firm

Highly


Highly

dissatisfied Total

Number of


In Percentage 16.66 50 20 13.33 0 100

Table 9: Satisfaction on the placement of the warning panels regarding safety in the firm

5

15

6 40

16.66

50

20

13.33

0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Number of

respondents

In Percentage

Opinion on placement of w arning panels

Highly satisfied

Satisfied

Neutral

Dissatisfied

Highly dissatisfied

Chart 6: Opinion on placement of warning panels

Inference:

Among the 30 respondents nearly 67% of them are satisfied with the placement of the

safety panels and the safety signs within the organization.

Where as, 13% are still not satisfied with the approach of the organization.

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Question 7: Safety materials provided by the management to the workers

Safety

Material Yes No Total

Gloves 22 8 30

Shoes 26 4 30

Mask 19 11 30

Goggles 13 17 30

Apron 21 9 30

Table 10: Safety materials provided by the management to the workers

Safety materials provided to the workers

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Gloves Shoes Mask Goggles Apron

Safety materials

Numbe

rofrespondents

Yes

No

Chart 7: Safety materials provided to the workers

Inference:

From the above chart plotted from the obtained data we could get that most of the

workers are not provided with goggles, mask and apron.

Issuing of safety materials and efficient usage of the materials is vital in order to have a

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safe and secured work place.

Question 8: Opinion on the flexibility of the management in adjusting work assignments

according to employee safety considerations

Strongly

agreeAgree Neutral Disagree

Strongly

DisagreeTotal

Number of

respondents4 20 4 2 0 30

In Percentage 13.33 66.66 13.33 6.66 0 100

Table 11: Opinion on the flexibility of the management

Opinion on the flexibility of the management

4 20 4 2 013.33

66.66

13.33 6.66 0010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Strongly

agree

Agree

Neutral

Disa

gree

StronglyDi

sagree

In Percentage

Number of repondents

Chart 8: Flexibility of the management towards employee safety considerations

Inference:

Most of the employees nearly 80% are agreeing that the management is flexible in

adjusting their work schedule when they are sick or met with an accident.

And only 7% of employees are not agreed with the managements approach.

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Question 9: Opinion on the explanations given by the management on the health and

safety rules of the organization

Strongly

agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Strongly

Disagree Total

Number of

responses 5 19 4 2 0 30

In Percentage 16.66 63.33 13.33 6.66 0 100

Table 12: Opinion on the awareness of the safety rules among the employees

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Strongly

agree

Agree Neutral DisagreeStrongly

Disagree

Opinion on the awareness of safety rules among

workers

Number of respondents

In Percentage

Chart 9: Opinion on the awareness of the safety rules

Inference:

Nearly 80% of the workers are sure that the safety rules of the management are well-

known to them.

And about 7% of the workers are not aware of the safety rules prevailing in the

organization, whereas 13% of them are neutral in their opinion.

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Question 10: Whether the workplace accidents are not reported properly

Strongly


Strongly

Disagree Total

Number of


In Percentage 3.33 23.33 20 46.66 6.66 100

Table 13: Opinion on carelessness in working environment

Opinion on carelessness in working environment

3%23%

20%47%

7% Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

Chart 10: Opinion on carelessness in working environment

Inference:

Nearly 54% of the employees strictly deny that they have never missed in reporting any

of the accidents happened.

And about, 26% of the workers are agreeing that they have missed few of their accidents

without reporting.

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Question 11: Satisfaction of the employees on the healthy and safety training program

offered by the organization

Highly


Highly

Dissatisfied Total

Number of


In Percentage 6.66 70 10 13.33 0 100

Table 14: Satisfaction of the employees on the health and safety training program

Satisfaction level on the safety training programs

provided by the manageme nt

2

21

3

4

0

6.66

70

10

13.33

0

0 20 40 60 80 100

Highly satisfied

Satisfied

Neutral

Dissatisfied

Highly Diss atisfied

Number of respondents In Percentage

Chart 11: Satisfaction on the health and safety training programs

Inference:

Among the respondents, 77% of them are satisfied with the health and safety program

organized by the organization.

Where as, 10% are neutral in their opinion and nearly 13% are dissatisfied with the

number and way of safety programs organized by the organization.

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Question 12: Responsibility of the workers towards their co-workers

Direct report

Inform the

officials

Take no

care Total

Number of

respondents 24 6 0 30

In Percentage 80 20 0 100

Table 15: Responsibility of the workers towards their co-workers

Responsibility among the employees

Direct report

80%

Inform the

officials

20%

Take no care

0%

Direct report

Inform the off icials

Take no care

Chart 12: Responsibility among the employees

Inference:

From the above chart we could get that nearly 80% of the employees would do direct

actions when their co-worker is doing any work that is unsafe or insecure.

And 20% will go to their higher officials in reporting the incident. But none of the

employee will be there without any response when such incidents occur.

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Though taking direct actions show the involvement of all the employees it is not safe for

them to ending up without reporting the incident to their higher officials.

Question 13: Does the employee aware about whom he has to contact in the absence of

his supervisor incase of any safety disorders.

Yes No Total

Number of

respondents 30 0 30

In Percentage 100 0 100

Table 16: Communication between the workers and the management

Communication betwe en the work ers and the

management

30

0

100

0

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Yes

No

Number of respondents In Percentage

Chart 13: Communication between the workers and the management.

Inference:

It is really a pleasure to know that all the employees of 100% are known about the person

to contact on any of their illness. This shows there is a good communication between the

workers and the management.

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Question 14: Opinion on the first aid facilities given by the organization in case of any

accident.

Highly

Satisfied Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied

Highly

Dissatisfied Total

Number of


In Percentage 6.67 63.33 16.67 13.33 0 100

Table 17: Opinion on the first aid facilities given by the organization in case of any

accident.

Satisfaction level on the first aid facilities provided by the

management

2

19

5

4

0

6.67

63.33

16.67

13.33

0

Highly

Satisfied

Satisfied

Neutral

Dissatisfied

Highly

DissatisfiedIn Percentage

Number of

respondents

Chart 14: Satisfaction on the first aid facilities

Inference:

From the above chart we could get that about 70% of the employees are satisfied with the

first aid facilities provided by the management incase of any accident.

However, nearly 13% of the workers are not satisfied and 17% are neutral in their

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opinion.

Question 15: Do the rewards and positive feedbacks are a good way to increase health

and safety awareness levels.

Strongly


Strongly

disagree Total

Number of


In Percentage 16.67 63.33 10 10 0 100

Table 18: Opinion on giving and positive feedbacks to improve safety awareness

Opinion on giving rewards to increase Health

and safety awareness

17%

63%

10%10% 0% Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Chart 15: Opinion on giving and positive feedbacks to improve safety awareness

Inference:

Among the 30 respondents nearly, 80% of the workers are agreed that the positive

feedbacks and rewards given by the management will increase the awareness of safety

issues among the workers.

But 10% of the employees are not sure about the importance of the rewards and positive

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feedbacks will have a significant role in increasing the awareness of safety among

workers.

Question 16: Do the employee aware the steps to be taken incase of an emergency.

Yes No Total

Number of

respondents 25 5 30


Table 19: Awareness of employees in case of an emergency

Awareness on steps to be taken in case of an

emergency

25

5

83.33

16.67

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Yes No

Number of

respondents

In Percentage

Chart 16: Awareness regarding emergency issues

Inference:

It is really great to know that nearly 83% of the employees are well-known about the

steps to be taken in case of an emergency.

But it is still hard that 17% are not aware of what to be done when they are in emergency.

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Question 17: Importance of reviewing and revising the Safety Operating Procedures for

using the equipments

Strongly


Strongly

Disagree Total

Number of


In Percentage 13.33 60 20 6.67 0 100

Table 20: Importance of reviewing and revising the Safety Operating Procedures

Opinion on importance in revising Safety

Operating Procedures

4

18

6

2

0

13.33

60

20

6.67

0

0 20 40 60 80

Strongly

agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly

Disagree

In Percentage


Chart 17: Opinion on the importance of the Safety Operating Procedures.

Inference:

Nearly 73% of the workers agree that their procedures of operating equipments in the

firm are reviewed and revised according to the necessary.

However, 7% of the workers are not agreed the statement and nearly 20% are neutral in

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their opinion.

Question 18: Do the health and safety inspections of the work area are conducted at

regular intervals.

Strongly


Strongly

disagree Total

Number of


In Percentage 10 50 16.67 23.33 0 100

Table 21: Opinion on health and safety inspections

3

10

15

50

5

16.67

7

23.33

0 0

0

5

1015

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Strongly

agree

Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

disagree

Opinion on health and safety inspections

conducted by the management


In Percentage

Chart 18: Opinion on health and safety inspections conducted by the management

Inference:

Among the respondents 60% of them agree that their management is conducting the

inspection in their department at regular intervals.

Whereas, 23% of workers are still not satisfied with the performance of the management

in conducting the inspection and 17% of workers are neutral.

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Question 20: Do all the new employees are properly trained o health and safety rules and

work practices.

Strongly

Agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Strongly

Disagree Total

Number of


In Percentage 6.67 70 10 13.33 0 100

Table 22: Opinion on training given to the new employees

Opinion on safety training given to the newemployees by the management

7%

70%

10%

13% 0%

Srongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

Chart 19: Opinion on safety training given to the new employees

Inference:

Nearly 77% of the workers agree that the new employees coming in to the organization

are given complete training regarding safety measurements handled in the organization.

Where as, 13% are still not contented with the training given to workers new to the

organization.

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Question 22: Employees those who met with accidents in their work place

Yes No Total

Number of

respondents 5 25 30


Table 23: Employees those who met with accidents in their work place

Workers met with accident in their work place

Yes

17%

No

83%

Yes

No

Chart 20: Workers met with accidents in their work place

Inference:

Among the workers responded to the survey, nearly 83% of them have never been met

with an accident in their experience.

Where as, 17% of them have met with accidents and are completely satisfied with the

treatment given by the management in that situation.

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Question 23: The department which has more number of accidents taking place

Production Shipping Total

Number of

respondents 17 13 30


Table 24: The department which has more number of accidents taking place

17

56.67

13

43.33

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Production Shipping

Departments

Departme nts in which more number of accidents are

taking place


In Percentage

Chart 21: Department with more number of accidents.

Inference:

Though there are 11 functional departments in PepsiCo India Holdings Pvt. Ltd.,

Madurai, the workers have suggested only 2 departments as the places with more number

of accidents taking place.

Production and Shipping are the departments for which nearly 57% and 43% of workers

are responded as work places with more risk of accidents.

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Statistical tests on the obtained data to check their validity.

1. Analysis on the income level of the employees.

Table 25: Standard deviation on income level of employees

Mean = 28600/30

= 9533.33

Assumed mean = 9500

Standard Deviation = ((13.815/30)-(0.1/30)^2) ^ * 7000

= 0.68* 7000

= 4760

Co-efficient of variation = 4790/9533.33

= 0.49

Inference: From the analysis made we could get that there is a considerable amount of

variation in the distribution of the salary as the variation co-efficient is 49%.

Income level f m fm d d*d fd f(d*d)

Below 7000 7 3000 21000 -0.93 0.86 -6.51 6.02

7000-13000 19 10000 190000 0.07 0.005 1.33 0.095

14000-20000 3 17000 51000 1.07 1.14 3.21 3.42

Above 20000 1 24000 24000 2.07 4.28 2.07 4.28

Total 30 286000 0.1 13.815

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2. Satisfaction level of the workers on the working environment

Weights are allotted as Highly satisfied = 5, Satisfied = 4, Neutral = 3, Dissatisfied = 2,

Highly Dissatisfied =1.

W X WX

5 4 20

4 16 64

3 7 21

2 3 6

1 0 1

Table 26: Weighted average on the satisfaction level of the working environment.

W = 15

WX = 112

Standard deviation = 6.12

Mean = 7.47

Co-efficient of Variation = 0.82

Inference: There is a high degree of Co efficient of variation of 82%. Therefore, the

views of the employees regarding the working environment highly differ.

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3. Null hypothesis: Workers attended the training program dont know how to react in an

emergency situation.

Alternate hypothesis: Workers attended the training program know the steps to be taken

in case of an emergency.

Attending the training Total

Know to react in

emergency yes no

yes 22 3 25

no 1 4 5Total 23 7 30

Table 27: Data collected on training of employees in emergency situation.

o e o-e s=(o-e*o-e) s/e

22 19 3 9 0.5

1 4 -3 9 2.3

3 6 -3 9 1.54 1 3 9 9.0

Table 28: Chi-square test on employees training in emergency situation.

Total (s/e) = 13.2

cal = 13.2

Degree of freedom = (r 1)*(c-1)

= (2-1)*(2-1)

= 1.

tab = 3.84

Inference: Since the calculated Chi value is greater than the tabulated Chi value, we

reject the null hypothesis and therefore the alternate hypothesis Workers attended the

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training program know the steps to be taken in case of an emergency is accepted.

4.Null hypothesis:

The people will have accidents if they didnt attend the training programs given by the

management.

Alternate hypothesis:

The people will have any accidents if they attend the training programs given by the

management.

Workers attended training

Workers met with accidents Yes No Total

Yes 3 2 5

No 20 5 25

Total 23 7 30

Table 29: Data collected on attendance of employees and workers met with accidents.


3 3.83 -0.83 0.6889 0.18

20 19.17 0.83 0.6889 0.04

2 1.17 0.83 0.6889 0.59

5 5.83 -0.83 0.6889 0.12

Table 30: Chi-square test on the level of accidents in the firm.

Total (s/e) = 0.92

cal = 0.92

Degree of freedom = (r 1)*(c-1)

= (2-1)*(2-1)

= 1.

tab = 3.84

Inference: Since the calculated Chi value is lesser than the tabulated Chi value, we

accept the null hypothesis The people will have accidents if they didnt attend the

training programs given by the management

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5.Null hypothesis:

The workers though report their own problems to the management are not willing to

report the mistakes done by their co-workers to their higher officials.

Alternate hypothesis:

The workers though report their own problems to the management are willing to report

the mistakes done by their co-workers to their higher officials.

Responsibility on co - workers

Reporting to higher

officials A B C Total

Yes 22 5 0 27

No 2 1 0 3

Total 24 6 0 30

Table 31: Data on responsibility of workers in reporting problems to their superiors.


22 21.6 0.4 0.16 0.01

2 2.4 -0.4 0.16 0.07

5 5.4 -0.4 0.16 0.031 0.6 0.4 0.16 0.27

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

Table 32: Chi square test on reporting issues from their co-workers.

Total (s/e) = 0.37

cal = 0.37 tab = 5.99

Degree of freedom = (r 1)*(c-1)= (2-1)*(3-1) = 2.

Inference: Since the calculated Chi value is lesser than the tabulated Chi value, we

accept the null hypothesis The workers though report their own problems to the

management are not willing to report the mistakes done by their co-workers to their

higher officials.

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6. We use Spearmans rank correlation to find the degree of relationship between

the health and safety inspections conducted by the management and their revision

of Safety Operating Procedures in respect of it.

X= Health and safety inspection

Y= Revision of Safety Operating Procedures.

X Y R1 R2 D D*D

4 3 3 4 1 1

18 15 1 1 0 0

6 5 2 3 1 1

2 7 4 2 2 4

0 0 5 5 0 0

Table 33: Spearmans rank correlation on revision of SOP by inspections.

D^2= 6

R = 1- (6*D^2/n(n^2 1))

R= 1-(6*6/5*24)

R= 1-(36/120)R= 1- 0.3

R= 0.7

Therefore, R > 0.5. Its a positive correlation.

Inference: There is a high degree of relationship between the health and safety

inspections conducted by the management and their revision of Safety Operating

Procedures in respect of it.

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7. It is an important role of the organization to provide the safety training program

that satisfies their workers in all aspects to avoid risk of accidents.

Here, we are going to find the degree of relationship between the training provided

by the organization and the satisfaction level of the employees.

X= Training provided by the management

Y= Satisfaction level of the workers.

X Y R1 R2 D D*D

5 2 2 4 2 4

19 21 1 1 0 0

4 3 3 3 0 0

2 4 4 2 2 4

0 0 5 5 0 0

Table 34: Spearmans rank correlation on satisfaction of employees on their training.

D^2= 8

R = 1- (6*D^2/n(n^2 1))

R= 1-(6*8/5*24)R= 1-(48/120)

R= 1- 0.4

R= 0.6, and therefore R > 0.5.

Inference: There is a positive correlation between the training provided by the

organization and the satisfaction level of the employees.

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3.5. Limitations

In this study, we have got two limitations which are purely based on the situation.

1. The target population we chose for conducting the study is the associates,

though the population that will be more apt is contract labors who are in the

low-level management. Since the contract labors are contracted on yearly

basis, the management asked us to conduct the survey only from the

associates who were the supervisors of the contract labors and therefore we

could not collect more number of samples since there are only 49 associates in

the organization.

2. The study is conducted during the month of May and June which are season

for the soft drink industry and all the workers of the firm are associated with

tight schedule of work and therefore we were not able to get more time to

interact with the workers.

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4. Findings

Findings are the facts that are obtained from the study conducted. We have obtained the

following as our findings in the study:

1. In PepsiCo India holdings, nearly 50%of the employees are working above 10

years, therefore most of their workers are well experienced.

2. Most of the employees nearly 63% are getting salary at the range of Rs. 7000

13000.

3. And nearly 23% of employees are getting below Rs. 7000.

4. Whereas, about 77% of employees are getting salary above Rs. 7000 and 14% are

getting salary above Rs. 14000

5. Nearly 67% of the employees are satisfied with their working environment and

13% of them are highly satisfied.

6. About 10% of the workers are dissatisfied with their working environment among

which 23% are not willing to share their views.

7. Among the 30 respondents 23 of them have attended the training programs

conducted by the management (i.e.,) nearly 77% of them.

8. 23% of the employees have not attended the training program.

9. About the handling of safety measures in the organization, nearly 10% of them

are highly satisfied and 66% are satisfied with the performance of the

management.

10. 7% of they are dissatisfied to some extent on the handling of safety measures in

the organization

11. Among the 30 respondents nearly 67% of them are satisfied with the placement of

the safety panels and the safety signs within the organization.

12. 13% are still not satisfied with the approach of the organization in the placement

of the safety panels and the safety signs.

13. Most of the employees nearly 80% are agreeing that the management is flexible in

adjusting their work schedule when they are sick or met with an accident.

14. Nearly 80% of the workers are sure that the safety rules of the management are

well-known to them.

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15. About 7% of the workers are not aware of the safety rules prevailing in the

organization, whereas 13% of them are neutral in their opinion

16. Nearly 54% of the employees strictly deny that they have never missed in

reporting any of the accidents happened.

17. 26% of the workers are agreeing that they have missed few of their accidents

without reporting.

18. Among the respondents, 77% of them are satisfied with the health and safety

program organized by the organization.

19. Nearly 13% are dissatisfied with the number and way of safety programs

organized by the organization.

20. Nearly 80% of the employees would do direct actions when their co-worker is

doing any work that is unsafe or insecure

21. 20% will go to their higher officials in reporting the incident done by their co-

workers

22. It is really a pleasure to know that all the employees of 100% are known about the

person to contact on any of their illness

23. About 70% of the employees are satisfied with the first aid facilities provided by

the management incase of any accident.

24. Nearly 13% of the workers are not satisfied with the first aid facilities in their

firm and 17% are neutral in their opinion.

25. Among the 30 respondents nearly, 80% of the workers are agreed that the positive

feedbacks and rewards given by the management will increase the awareness of

safety issues among the workers.

26. But 10% of the employees are not sure about the importance of the rewards and

positive feedbacks will have a significant role in increasing the awareness of

safety among workers.

27. It is really great to know that nearly 83% of the employees are well-known about

the steps to be taken in case of an emergency.

28. 17% of workers are not aware of what to be done when they are in emergency.

29. Among the respondents 60% of them agree that their management is conducting

the inspection in their department at regular intervals.

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30. 23% of workers are still not satisfied with the performance of the management in

conducting the inspection and 17% of workers are neutral

31. Nearly 77% of the workers agree that the new employees coming in to the

organization are given complete training regarding safety measurements handled

in the organization.

32. 13% are still not contented with the training given to workers new to the

organization.

33. Among the workers responded to the survey, nearly 83% of them have never been

met with an accident in their experience

34. 17% of them have met with accidents and are completely satisfied with the

treatment given by the management in that situation.

35. Though there are 11 functional departments in PepsiCo India Holdings Pvt. Ltd.,

Madurai, the workers have suggested only 2 departments as the places with more

number of accidents taking place.

36. Production and Shipping are the departments for which nearly 57% and 43% of

workers are responded as work places with more risk of accidents.

37. There is a considerable amount of variation in the distribution of the salary as the

variation co-efficient is 49%.

38. There is a high degree of Co efficient of variation of 82%. Therefore, the views

of the employees regarding the working environment highly differ.

39. Workers attended the training program know the steps to be taken in case of an

emergency

40. The people will have accidents if they didnt attend the training programs given

by the management

41. The workers though report their own problems to the management are not willing

to report the mistakes done by their co-workers to their higher officials

42. There is a high degree of relationship between the health and safety inspections

conducted by the management and their revision of Safety Operating Procedures

in respect of it

43. There is a positive correlation between the training provided by the organization

and the satisfaction level of the employees.

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Documents

Safety Documentation