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Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) in Road Safety
Ir. Rasid Osman
Vehicle Safety and Biomechanics Research Centre
Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS)
Content
Introduction: Crash Statistics
High Profile Crashes Investigated by MIROS
Safety Health & Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP)
Safety Star Grading (SSG)
Crash statistic – lorry
197 226 233
197 229
204
195 230 218 216 223 212
741 771 775
619
452 428
1133
1227 1226
1032
904 844
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Nu
mb
er
of
Ca
sua
ltie
s
Year
Casualties Involving Lorry in Malaysia (2002 - 2007)
Death Serious Injury Slight Injury All Casualties
Crash statistic - bus
45 67 69
48 39
75
83 104 99
72
118 94
392
358 344
239
315
248
520 529 512
359
472
417
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
nu
mb
er
of
Ca
sua
ltie
s
Year
Casualties Involving Buses in Malaysia (2002 - 2007)
Fatal Serious Injury Slight Injury All Casualties
5
4.52
1.86
1.50
1.20
1.10
1.00
1.00
0.90
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
*Malaysia
USA
New Zealand
Australia
Germany
Japan
UK
Sweden
Fatality per 10,000 Vehicles in Variuos Countries (2004)
Fatality per 10,000 vehicles
Background: ‘
Crash index– per 10,000 vehicles
6
24.30
14.50
10.70
7.90
7.10
6.70
5.60
5.30
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
*Malaysia
USA
New Zealand
Australia
Germany
Japan
UK
Sweden
Fatalities per 100,000 Population in Various Countries (2004)
Fatality per 100,000 population
Background: ‘
Crash indexes – per 100,000 population
Crash statistic – Bus & Lorry 2007
Express Bus 4%
Transit Bus 9%
Factory Bus 2%
Mini Bus 1%
Tour Bus 2%
School Bus 3%
bullock cart 0%
Trail 20%
Small lorry 25%
Rigid lorry 34%
Accident percentage by type of commercial vehicles 2007
High Profile Crashes Investigated by MIROS
2007 - 2008
Crash Reconstruction • In depth Crash Investigation
9
• Identifying contributing factor of the crash and resulting injuries
Real World Crashworthiness Investigation
•Conducting operational and causal analysis of the crash
Post Crash Analysis
•countermeasure and intervention to policy makers in Malaysia for preventive measure
Recommendation
High Profile Case
KM 146.5 PLUS Expressway Tangkak (7 December
2008) – 10 deaths
The bus went to the road side’s drain, hit the tree and went quarter-roll
Roof collapsed, bending and fractured pillars
Rooftop frame – used welding technique instead of bonding together (failure on most pillars connecting roof structure
Tangkak Crash Animation:
High Profile Case
KM 442.9 PLUS Expressway, Rawang (13
April 2009) – 6 deaths
The W-beam broke off from the mounting post leaving its end hanging and intruded the frontal part of the bus
The section intruded deep into the bus longitudinally which killed ALL six (6) passengers of the lower deck.
Crash Compatibility
Setback of installation design of barrier placement
TL-2 yet to be upgraded
High Profile Case
Lorry-Multiple Vehicles Fatal Road Crash at KM 6.7 Cheras – Kajang Expressway -One
Death
Lorry travelling downhill, fail to negotiate sharp curve and entered high volume expressway
Overloading is an issue & the lorry most probably over speeding.
Hutan Kampung Crash Animation:
How Strong is our Vehicle?
National Inquiry Cases
• Nov 2007 – Sept 2008: 25 cases
• Outcomes:
• Revoke of permits: 3 cases
• Suspension of permits: 4 cases
• Warning: 12 cases
Bukit Gantang Crash Animation:
Outcomes INQUIRY REPORT
• Bukit Gantang Inquiry Report
• Kuala Kangsar Inquiry Report
POLICIES
• Enhancing Guardrail Standards from TL2 to TL3-TL6
• Code of Practice on Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) for the Transport Sector
• Bus Compliance to UNECE R66 and UNECE R80
INTERVENTION
• Implementation of Rear Seatbelt Use in Vehicles
Safety Health & Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP)
Safety Health
& Environment Code of Practice
(SHE COP)
20
Why SHE COP?
• 2000 – 2005: 132 % increase in road accident involving buses
• 3rd party victims– passengers and other road user
• “High-profile case” multiple fatality
• Implement to reduce commercial vehicle accident and ensure their safety
21
• Provides reference to employer and employees regarding safety and health aspect (transportation).
• Catalyze education and awareness level at work place.
• Ensure public safety
22
Safety Health & Environment Code of Practice: Objective
23
Safety Health & Environment Code of Practice: Implementation Concept (POPEA)
• Company policy
• Role of Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
• Employer responsibility
• Employees participation
• Communication between employer and employees
24
Implementation Concept: Policy
25
Chairman (CEO)
Employer representative
(Section Manager/Director/section Supervisor)
Employees representative
(representative from multiple section)
Secretary (SHE representative)
Implementation Concept: Organisation
Implementation Concept: Planning and Implementation
Planning to adapt SHE in organization
Draft action plan according to the set standard.
Create standard operation procedure according to the 4 main procedure.
• Four main procedure
– Driver management
– Vehicle management
– Trip and risk management
– Document management system
Checklist for audit/implementation
27
Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP)
Recruitment procedure
Driver classification
Training and changing of thinking method
Driving procedure
Driver shift
Acknowledgement and punishment
28
SOP – Driver Management
– Vehicle procurement
– Replacement and disposal
– Maintenance and repair
– Dedicated driver for a vehicle
– Vehicle usage
– License and fees schedule
29
SOP – Vehicle management
– Hazard and path risk identification
– Trip risk management
– Personal crash protection
– Loading/occupant management
– Emergency respond
– Insurance
30
SOP – Trip and Risk Management
– Incident/crash reporting system
– Complaint management
– SHE training and competency
– Contractor management
– Driver management record
– Vehicle management record
– Trip and risk management record
– Monitoring system
– Self-assessment
31
SOP – Document Management System
implementation Concept: Evaluation
Monitoring and evaluation of performance
Internal audit
External audit
Grading and licensing - MIROS
implementation Concept: Action for Improvement
Protective and Reactive
Continual improvement
Recap of SHE COP
Transportation company operator
Fully responsible to ensure SHE implementation
POPEA Concept
Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) involve:
Driver
Vehicle
Trip and Risk
Record
Benefit to the operator, drivers and consumer
CONTENT
• BACKGROUND
• PURPOSE OF SAFETY STAR GRADING
• CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SAFETY STAR
GRADING
• Syarat – Syarat Penggredan
• LIST OF ELEMENTS
BACKGROUND
2007: SHE COP
SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
TRANSPORTATION SECTOR (SHE COP)
2010
SHE COP was gazetted under OSHA 1994 as
ICOP SHE 2010
TATAAMALAN INDUSTRI KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN
PEKERJAAN BAGI AKTIVITI PENGANGKUTAN JALAN 2010
SAFETY STAR GRADING (SSG)
PURPOSE OF SAFETY STAR GRADING
To provide vital information for the consumption of general public in making the right choice for a better and safer journey.
Demand bus operators to improve their operations not only in safety and health aspect but also on other service performances.
Provides a platform for bus operators to continually improve their services which would be a good selling point for their company’s image as well as marketing purposes.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SAFETY STAR GRADING
ASSESSMENT
• 1. Document Verification
• 2. Site Inspection
• 3. Interview Session
20 +5 +5 +10 +7
*16
+ Additional compulsory items
* Optional items
• The bus operators must achieve certain score to obtain the respective level of star.
STAR MARKS
51 – 64
65 – 69
70 – 79
80 – 99
100 – 111
• The total mark will be deducted accordingly (demerit point) if the operator is found to commit or involve with the following incidences:
Incidences Demerit
1. Tailgating, hand phone use while
driving, dangerous overtaking, red
light running
Deduct 5 points
1. Driver caught positive
drug/alcohol (operation base)
Deduct 5 points
1. Fatal crash (due to operators
negligence)
Deduct 10 points
LIST OF ELEMENTS
POLICY
1. Policy is dated, reviewed and signed by top management.
ORGANISATION
1. Safety issues discuss in management meeting /Safety and Health Committee (SHC) meeting .
2. There is a documented Safety and Health Committee organization chart and directly reporting to Top Management-Applicable for 40 employees and above.
3. Chairman is top management (or his appointed representative) - Applicable for 40 employees and above.
PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION
WRITTEN DRIVER MANAGEMENT STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)
1. Driver recruitment procedure
2. Training and awareness program-Basic training (Vehicle familiarization/safety)
3. Driving procedure a) Pre-duty assessment by supervisor
4. Driving hours and working hours compliance
5. Driving roster implemented
6. Drivers monitoring system-Log book
7. Self-evaluation (Self-assessment by driver)
WRITTEN VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SOP
1. Checklist on vehicle safety devices
2. Vehicle preventive maintenance/service
3. Vehicle license—license, permit, inspection by authority
4. Vehicle defect/breakdown recording and reporting
WRITTEN ROUTE RISK MANAGEMENT SOP
1. Hazard identification and risk assessment along routes
2. Risk management along routes
3. Emergency response
4. Accident reporting system on actual accident
EVALUATION & ACTION
1. Internal audit/monitoring
1. Policy prominently displayed 2. Policy communicated and understood (through briefing /training/display)
1. Chairman, secretary and all committee members are formally appointed. (Check appointment letter)-Applicable for 40 employees and above
2. Number of Employee representatives (Minimum 2 for less than 100 employees. Minimum 4 for 100 employees and above) - Applicable for 40 employees and above.
WRITTEN ROUTE RISK MANAGEMENT SOP
1. Procedure for vehicle acquisition, replacement and disposal.
1. Members of SHC had Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) awareness training. 2. For every meeting, total number of representatives for employer and employee
who attend equals or exceeds 50%.
WRITTEN DRIVER MANAGEMENT SOP
1. Drivers monitoring system—Global Positioning System (GPS) (by time frame)
WRITTEN ROUTE RISK MANAGEMENT SOP
1. Incident reporting system 2. Annual incident/accident reporting to DOSH (JKKP 8)
1. All staff were informed about SHC/Safety Personnel and it was documented. 2. Minimum one committee meeting in three months-Applicable for 40 employees and above. 3. Chairman is present for every meeting-Applicable for 40 employees and above. 4. Secretary is present for every meeting-Applicable for 40 employees and above. 5. SHC conducts workplace inspection at least once in 3 months. 6. Members of SHChad training on roles and responsibilities of Safety and Health Committee as
described under the Section 29 OSHA.
WRITTEN DRIVER MANAGEMENT SOP
1. Driver categorisation 2. Training and awareness program—Defensive driving 3. Driver incentives and demerit (including traffic summonses)
WRITTEN VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SOP
1. Vehicle assignments.
1. All aware of the SHC. 2. SHC members are trained in accident investigation.
WRITTEN ROUTE RISK MANAGEMENT SOP
1. Personal insurance against accidents (driver and co-driver). 2. Passenger and baggage management. 3. Accident reporting system on near misses. 4. All of the above elements are monitored in regular formal meetings and
documented.
EVALUATION & ACTION
1. External audit/third party evaluation .
ORGANISATION
1. Minutes of every meeting is circulated within 2 weeks
1. Speed compliance (if no information from GPS/Log Book) - minimum 2/3 of customer’s perceptions. 2. Use of seatbelt for driver. 3. No smoking while driving. 4. Safety practice at terminal/Rest &Service Areas (e.g., make announcement, count passengers, etc.). 5. Punctuality for departure - minimum 2/3 of customer’s perceptions. 6. Seatbelt install for all seats (for newly registered bus starting from 2013). 7. Customer complaints mechanism (hotline number, feedback box).
1. Cleanliness of internal and external bus 2. Seat condition 3. Excessive smoke emission 4. Ambience (e.g., vibration, pleasant odour, etc.)
HEALTH
1. Indoor air quality 2. Random check on drug and alcohol by company 3. Medical profile of driver maintain by the company 4. Fatigue Risk Management System
SAFETY STAR GRADING
PHASE 1 & PHASE 2
LAMAN WEB SSG
ssg.miros.gov.my
Thank You [email protected]