Safety Laws and Your Company

04/21/2304/21/23 Industrial Safety Lecture OneIndustrial Safety Lecture One 11

Safety Laws and Your Safety Laws and Your CompanyCompany

Joe NailJoe Nail


Introduction Introduction

Responsibility for SafetyResponsibility for Safety

In short, your employer/company, by law, is responsible for ensuring that the place in which you work is healthy and safe. OSHA is the administrative arm of the Department of Labor that enforces the regulations that make your workplace safe and healthy.


Your Company’s Safety ProgramYour Company’s Safety Program

Safety CommitteesSafety Committees Groups made up of company officials or administrators and employees or employee Groups made up of company officials or administrators and employees or employee

representatives such as union stewards.representatives such as union stewards.

New Employee OrientationNew Employee Orientation This includes a walk around and safety training to begin work and must include HAZCOM.This includes a walk around and safety training to begin work and must include HAZCOM.

Bulletin BoardsBulletin Boards Safety rules, standards and, procedures. Safety related information such as the Accident and Safety rules, standards and, procedures. Safety related information such as the Accident and

Injuries log.Injuries log.

TrainingTraining Anything from lift truck operation to using a fire extinguisher.Anything from lift truck operation to using a fire extinguisher.

Incentive ProgramsIncentive Programs A form of award granted for safe work practices.A form of award granted for safe work practices.


Specialized DefinitionsSpecialized Definitions

Accident: “Unexpected” event that can Accident: “Unexpected” event that can result in injury, illness or property damage.result in injury, illness or property damage.

Hazard: A “condition” that has the Hazard: A “condition” that has the potential to cause an accident.potential to cause an accident.

These terms are important to understand as they help employers and employees to assess dangers and prevent accidents.


UNSAFE ACTS AND UNSAFE UNSAFE ACTS AND UNSAFE CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

Undesirable Behaviors Undesirable Behaviors or Acts that can be or Acts that can be modifiedmodified

Undesirable situations Undesirable situations or conditionsor conditions

Repeated “acts”: 300/1 Repeated “acts”: 300/1 RatioRatio

The broad bottom of the pyramid illustrates that there are far more “close calls” and “near missies” than there are serious injuries, therefore, it is critical to correct the situations that result in close calls and prevent them from becoming worse.


Introduction Continued Introduction Continued Examples: UNSAFE CONDITIONS(Hazards)Examples: UNSAFE CONDITIONS(Hazards)

that that cannotcannot be eliminated. be eliminated.

High pressure gases and liquids

Rotating and Power Transmitting Equipment

Electrical Sources


Introduction ContinuedIntroduction Continued

RECOGNIZING HAZARDSRECOGNIZING HAZARDS Hazards or Hazards or Environmental Stressors Environmental Stressors can be categorized as: can be categorized as:

CHEMICALCHEMICAL MECHANICALMECHANICAL ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL ELECTRICALELECTRICAL BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICAL ErgonomicErgonomic


Introduction Continued Introduction Continued

HEALTH HAZARDSHEALTH HAZARDS

Engineering controls must protect Engineering controls must protect against toxic substances entering against toxic substances entering through one of four routes.through one of four routes.

Toxic Substances: Any substance which has a negative affect on the health of a human or animal. Injection


TYPE OF ACCIDENTSTYPE OF ACCIDENTS(For record keeping and reporting purposes.)(For record keeping and reporting purposes.)

Caught betweenCaught between Caught InCaught In Caught OnCaught On Fall from AboveFall from Above Struck ByStruck By Struck AgainstStruck Against Contacted ByContacted By Exposed ToExposed To Strain or OverexertionStrain or Overexertion


ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

A necessary technique for the prevention A necessary technique for the prevention of recurring or future accidents.of recurring or future accidents.

A tool for “fact” finding, not “fault” finding.A tool for “fact” finding, not “fault” finding. Must be used in a timely manner.Must be used in a timely manner. Must be used to record “incidents” and Must be used to record “incidents” and

Accidents.Accidents. Information is used to compile statistics.Information is used to compile statistics.


HANDILING EMERGENCIESHANDILING EMERGENCIES

How do we handle emergencies?How do we handle emergencies?

Emergency procedure plans are engineered for all Emergency procedure plans are engineered for all potential threats of the job. Examples include: Hazardous potential threats of the job. Examples include: Hazardous material spill, Fires, Explosions, Release of dangerous material spill, Fires, Explosions, Release of dangerous gases and, medical emergencies. gases and, medical emergencies.


SAFETY OFF THE JOBSAFETY OFF THE JOB

Statistics Show:Statistics Show:

Your Job is 3rdYour Job is 3rd

Your home is 2ndYour home is 2nd

Your Car is #1Your Car is #1


OSH-Act 1970OSH-Act 1970

14000 Deaths Each Year.14000 Deaths Each Year. 2.5 Million Workers Were Disabled.2.5 Million Workers Were Disabled. 300,000 new cases of occupational 300,000 new cases of occupational

diseases.diseases.

http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=OSHACT&p_id=2743 http://www.labor.ky.gov/osh/index.htm

Before OSHA:

Work Fatalities Work Fatalities


Ratio of Workers Killed per 100kRatio of Workers Killed per 100k


State Fatality TotalsState Fatality Totals


Fatalities by TypeFatalities by Type


Fatal Injuries by IndustryFatal Injuries by Industry



Safety LawsSafety Laws OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

ADMINISTRATIONADMINISTRATION The Occupational Safety and Health Act was signed The Occupational Safety and Health Act was signed into law on December 29, 1970, by President Nixon.into law on December 29, 1970, by President Nixon.

OSHA’S Authority and MissionOSHA’S Authority and Mission

Encourage employers and Employees to Encourage employers and Employees to reduce hazards.reduce hazards.

Improve existing programsImprove existing programs

Establish employee and employer Establish employee and employer responsibilitiesresponsibilities.

Set standards that must be Set standards that must be used on the jobused on the job

Provide for reporting of Provide for reporting of death, illness and, injury on death, illness and, injury on the jobthe job

Enforce regulations with Enforce regulations with legal actionlegal action

Jurisdiction Jurisdiction

The OSH Act applies to most any employer even if they have The OSH Act applies to most any employer even if they have only one employee. This includes all employers from only one employee. This includes all employers from manufacturing and construction to retail and service with no manufacturing and construction to retail and service with no emption for small business except that if they have fewer emption for small business except that if they have fewer than ten employees, they are exempted from inspections and than ten employees, they are exempted from inspections and maintaining a “illness and Injuries Log.” The OSH Act does maintaining a “illness and Injuries Log.” The OSH Act does not cover people who are self employed, working on a family not cover people who are self employed, working on a family farm, Federal Agencies, State and local government or, coal farm, Federal Agencies, State and local government or, coal mines.mines.



EMPLOYEE RIGHTS and ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEE RIGHTS and ENFORCEMENT of OSHA STANDARDSof OSHA STANDARDS

Employees may request and inspection.Employees may request and inspection. Employees may speak in private with an Employees may speak in private with an

inspector.inspector. Employees may walk around with the Employees may walk around with the

inspector.inspector. Employees have the right to file a Employees have the right to file a

complaint if they feel their OSHA rights complaint if they feel their OSHA rights have been violated.have been violated.


RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEESRIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES

RIGHTS INVOLVING ACCESS TO SAFETY AND HEALTH RIGHTS INVOLVING ACCESS TO SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATIONINFORMATION

Chemical InformationChemical Information

Records of toxic or physical agentsRecords of toxic or physical agents

Notice of exposureNotice of exposure

Access to NIOSH studiesAccess to NIOSH studies

Review of the OSHA 200 log of Occupational Injuries Review of the OSHA 200 log of Occupational Injuries and Illnessesand Illnesses


RIGHTS OF EMPLOYERSRIGHTS OF EMPLOYERS Employers may help to develop standards.Employers may help to develop standards. Employers may require inspectors to Employers may require inspectors to

identify themselves.identify themselves. Employers may contest the result of an Employers may contest the result of an

inspection. They have 15 days.inspection. They have 15 days. Employers have a right to conference Employers have a right to conference

before and after.before and after. Employers have the right to request the Employers have the right to request the

inspector provide a warrant.inspector provide a warrant.


RIGHTS INVOLVING OSHA STANDARDSRIGHTS INVOLVING OSHA STANDARDS

As an employee you have the right to:As an employee you have the right to:

Access of all standardsAccess of all standards

Appearance at hearingsAppearance at hearings

Notice of employer request Notice of employer request for variancefor variance

Notice of employer OSHA Notice of employer OSHA violationsviolations


OSHA STANDARDSOSHA STANDARDS

National Consensus StandardsNational Consensus Standards Pre-Established Federal StandardsPre-Established Federal Standards

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/video/oshastandards/video.html

OSHA can adopt, amend or revise any of it’s standards. Before OSHA acts, they must publish their intentions in the Federal Register. After they publish a notice, OSHA must conduct a public hearing if one is requested. Any interested party may request a hearing.


INSPECTIONS BY OSHAINSPECTIONS BY OSHA

There are over 6 million places of work in the US and no way for OSHA to There are over 6 million places of work in the US and no way for OSHA to inspect all of them. Some are random but most are by request. Written inspect all of them. Some are random but most are by request. Written complaints must be signed, explain the problem clearly and, sent to the local complaints must be signed, explain the problem clearly and, sent to the local OSHA director or the CSHO. In order for our national safety system to be OSHA director or the CSHO. In order for our national safety system to be effective, everyone must take it seriously. For more information see:effective, everyone must take it seriously. For more information see:

http://www.cicacenter.org/oshatool.cfm?st=KY

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/video/oshainspection/hb.asx


Safety Laws ContinuedSafety Laws Continued

TAKING IMMEDIATE ACTIONTAKING IMMEDIATE ACTION

If , after reporting a dangerous situation to your supervisor, the problem remains If , after reporting a dangerous situation to your supervisor, the problem remains uncorrected, by law, you do not have to do it. To ensure your employment to the uncorrected, by law, you do not have to do it. To ensure your employment to the greatest degree you should make two attempts in good faith to resolve the greatest degree you should make two attempts in good faith to resolve the problem and make sure that another reasonable employee has also examined the problem and make sure that another reasonable employee has also examined the situation and will back you up.situation and will back you up.


Safety Laws Safety Laws

ContinuedContinued

CITATIONSCITATIONS

RECORDS AND REPORTSRECORDS AND REPORTS

OSHA posterOSHA poster

Recordkeeping-10 or more Recordkeeping-10 or more employeesemployees

FormForm 31653165

This poster must be placed in a This poster must be placed in a “conspicuous” location where all “conspicuous” location where all employees may read it.employees may read it.


Safety Laws: More Information Safety Laws: More Information SAFETY PERFORMANCE /SAFETY SAFETY PERFORMANCE /SAFETY

STATISTICSSTATISTICS – to compare with – to compare with other related industryother related industry

OSHA AND YOUR JOBOSHA AND YOUR JOB Citations and Penalties.Citations and Penalties. OSHA’S HAZARD OSHA’S HAZARD

COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION STANDARDSTANDARD

November 1983November 1983 All hazardous chemicals made known to All hazardous chemicals made known to

employees.employees. 25,000 citations in 1990.25,000 citations in 1990.


Hazards in GeneralHazards in General

Nature of Hazards.Nature of Hazards. PhysicalPhysical HealthHealth MSDS:MSDS:A. CHEMICAL IDENTIYA. CHEMICAL IDENTIYB. HAZARDOUS INFORMATION AND INGREDIENTSB. HAZARDOUS INFORMATION AND INGREDIENTSC. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIESC. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES D. FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATAD. FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATAE. REACTIVITY INFORMATIONE. REACTIVITY INFORMATION F. HEALTH HAZARD DATAF. HEALTH HAZARD DATAG. SAFETY PRECAUTIONSG. SAFETY PRECAUTIONSH. CONTROL MEASURES H. CONTROL MEASURES


NIOSHNIOSH

1. TECHNICAL INFO1. TECHNICAL INFO 2. HAZARD EVALUATION2. HAZARD EVALUATION 3. ACCIDENT PREVENTION3. ACCIDENT PREVENTION 4. RESEARCH4. RESEARCH

EPA and OSHAEPA and OSHA


REVIEWREVIEW 1. What is the purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Act?1. What is the purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Act? 2. Can OSHA enforce its rules on employees?2. Can OSHA enforce its rules on employees? 3. What are the three main groups into which OSHA standards are divided?3. What are the three main groups into which OSHA standards are divided? 4. Should you be fired for exercising yours rights under OSHA?4. Should you be fired for exercising yours rights under OSHA? 5. If you recognize a serious hazard on the job, what should you do first?5. If you recognize a serious hazard on the job, what should you do first? 6. What will happen if an OSHA inspection reveals a violation?6. What will happen if an OSHA inspection reveals a violation? 7. How many employees does it take for a employer to be required to maintain 7. How many employees does it take for a employer to be required to maintain

records of injuries?records of injuries? 8. What is and what is the purpose of HAZCOM?8. What is and what is the purpose of HAZCOM? 9. What is an MSDS?9. What is an MSDS? 10. What are the two main types of chemical hazards?10. What are the two main types of chemical hazards? 11. Who is responsible for your safety on the job?11. Who is responsible for your safety on the job? 12. What is the definition of an accident?12. What is the definition of an accident? 13. What should you do if you see an unsafe condition in your work place?13. What should you do if you see an unsafe condition in your work place? 14 .What is a hazard?14 .What is a hazard? 15. What are the four main types of hazards?15. What are the four main types of hazards? 16. What are the three ways the toxic substances enter the body?16. What are the three ways the toxic substances enter the body? 17. What parts of the body are affected most by repetitive motion injuries?17. What parts of the body are affected most by repetitive motion injuries? 18. What is a near miss?18. What is a near miss? 19. What is the purpose of an accident investigation?19. What is the purpose of an accident investigation? 20. Which is more dangerous, your workplace or your car?20. Which is more dangerous, your workplace or your car?

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Safety Laws and Your Company