Safety Tool Box Talks

Safety Toolbox Talks

INDEX

NO.1 ADVIC TO EMPLOYEES NO.2 RESPONSIBILITIESNO.3 HOUSEKEEPINGNO.4 PERSONNEL POINTSNO.5 EYE PROTECTIONNO.6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTNO.7 NOISENO.8 SKIN CAPENO.9 FIRENO.10 MANUAL HANDLINGNO.11 SAFE STACKINGNO.12 HAND TOOLSNO.13 PORTABLE ELECTRIC TOOLSNO.14 WORKING SAFELY WITH ELECTRICITYNO.15 WELDING SAFELYNO.16 SAFE USE OF LADDERSNO.17 SAFE USE OF STEP LADDERSNO.18 TOWER SCAFFOLDSNO.19 DO’S& DOD’LS SCAFFOLDNO.20 OPENINGS AND EDGESNO.21 WORK ON ROOFSNO.22 EXCAVATIONS NO.23 WORKING WITH COMPRESSED AIR TOOLSNO.24 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERSNO.25 CARTRIDGS HAMMERSNO.26 ABRASIVE WHEELSNO.27 HAND SAFETYNO.28 WEILS DISEASE/LEPTOSPIROSISNO.29 OFFICE SAFETYNO.30 NIGHTSHIFT WORKINGNO.31 NDT RADIOGRAPHY OPERATIONSNO.32 MAN RIDING BOXESNO.33 CORRECT USE OF RADIOSNO.34 SAFE USE OF LIFTING GEARNO.35 COMPLACENCYNO.36 SKIN CANCERNO.37 SCAFFOLDING OPERATIONSNO.38 TEMPORARY PLATFORMS USED FOR THE ERECTION OF

SCAFFOLDINGNO.39 SAFETY HARNESSED & INERTIA REEL BLOCKS

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NO.40 COMPRESSED AIRNO.41 LIFTING OPERATIONS NO.42 PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEMSNO.43 ENTRY INTO CONFINED SPACES

Introduction

To assist with the implementation of ‘Toolbox Talks’, information has been collated from various sources and combined with systems and procedures used on various contracts.

The enclosed subject matter must only be used as basic material for these discussions. The workforce should be encouraged to participate by giving their views on improving work areas and working methods. These views can assist supervision by modifying problem areas that may not be immediately apparent to them.

The ‘Toolbox Talks’ should be held on a weekly basis for all hourly paid operatives ensuring that each operative receives at least one talk each week. The constantly changing work patterns and areas of working can be discussed and reviewed at these sessions.

It is envisaged that the duration of the talks would be approximately 15 minutes. The meeting should take place as close to the work place as possible so that any examples of proposed changes could be more easily looked at, at the time.

The ‘Toolbox Talks’ will normally be given by the Site Safety Officer, but supervisors should be encouraged to address the operatives under their control as they will have a more detailed knowledge of the current situation in their area.

Employees who are to participate in these talks must be told of the structure, the need and the content before any are instigated so they can prepare their input prior to the talks and also to allay any misgivings or fears that they may have. This can be done by posting information on subject and the dates they are to discuss on notice boards.

Whenever these talks take place, the date, place and subject matter must be recorded, together with the names and tally numbers of those participating.

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NO.1 ADVICE TO EMPLOYEES

1. Study your Company’s Safety Policy which explains the arrangements made for your health and safety.

2. You have a legal duty to take reasonable care of your own health and safety at work.

3. You also have a legal duty regarding the health and safety of the people you work with and members of the public.

4. When protective clothing and/or equipment is issued for your use – wear

and/or use it as instructed.

5. Play your part in keeping the Site – TIDY AND SAFE.

6. Watch out for warning notices and OBEY the warnings given.

7. Always keep alert if you are working in the vicinity of mobile plant.

8. Never attempt to operate a machine unless you have seen trained and are authorized to do so.

9. Never ride on machines which have no passenger seats. It is illegal.

10.Never interfere with ladders or alter scaffolding or move board, unless you are properly authorized to do so.

11.Never throw anything from scaffolding or any height. Lower it properly.

12.Do not take short cuts, use the access provided.

13.Lifting heavy objects or materials can cause injury. Obtain assistance when necessary.

14.Report any defects or damage to ladders, scaffolding, plant or tools, or any other unsafe circumstances, to your foreman, at once.

15.Report all accidents involving injury, however slight, to your foreman. Details of an accident necessitating first aid treatment should be entered in the Accident Book.

16. If in doubt about your job, ask your foreman.

All materials and equipment which would be liable to cause injury if it fell, must be stacked or stacked or stored so as to prevent easy displacement.

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NO.2 RESPONSIBILITIES

The Health and Safety at Work Act and the Construction Regulations given everyone responsibilities.

When these responsibilities are not carried out, people like you be injured or killed and the responsible person could be prosecuted.

Employers: Your Bosses must provide you with a safe place of work, Safe equipments and the necessary instruction to enable You to carry out your work safely.

Employees: You must take reasonable care to ensure that no person – Yourself included – suffers because of the way that you Work.

You must help your employer to carry out his responsibilities by:

1. Not interfering with items provided for your safety.

2. By using equipment given to you for your protection and by not abusing it. For example, Helmets, Goggles and hearing Protection.

3. By telling your foreman of any hazardous that you notice which could affect you or others.

Some Examples

1. If you work on a scaffold provided another Company your foremanMust ensure that it is safe for use. Therefore, if you notice anything which you consider unsafe point it out.

2. If you strike shuttering which leaves an opening, make sure it is covered or guarded before you leave it. If you need a guardrail removed for the passage of materials or services, make sure someone is informed when you have completed your works so that it can be put back DO NOT LEAVE A TRAP FOR OTHERS.

3. If you are working at, or adjacent to, an access/egress, and it is necessary to stack materials or equipment in these areas, always leave space for safe access along the walkway, i.e. so that a person

4. can walk safely and comfortably.

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NO. 3 HOUSEKEEPING

We should regard good housekeeping at work with the same importance as ‘at home’. Do not always rely on others to clear things up; it’s just as easy to put tools aside tidily as it is to leave them lying around on benches, on the floor, on scaffolding, resting on pipes or other positions where they can create a tripping hazard, fall onto a person or be damaged in a fall.

DISMANTLING

1. Stack parts away neatly and tidily.2. Do not leave materials of the ground on pallets or timbers for

movement by crane or forklift.3. Remove all protruding nails from timber.4. Do not leave any parts protruding. 5. All rubbish should be placed in skips provided.

STACKING

1. Do not block off access/egress. 2. Keep material off the ground on pallets or timbers for movement by

crane or forklift.3. Keep stacks safe by not “ over stacking”4. Band materials where there is a danger of them collapsing.5. Use stillages where appropriate.

FIRE RISKS

1. Do not pile flammable materials in corners – use the skips provided. 2. Take back to the stores part used cans/containers of flammable

substances at the end of each day, e.g. paints, solvents, etc.

TRIP HAZARDS

1. Keep Electrical leads tidy and routed away from walkways, ladder access and off scaffold platforms.

2. When air lines are not in use store them in a safe place. 3. Do not leave tying wire tying around to cause tripping hazards. Only

take out on site the amount needed for the shift. 4. Ensure all the times that materials, not in use and stored, are left in

such a manner as to prevent tripping hazards.

A PLACE FOR EVERYTHING AND EVERY THING IN ITS PLACE

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NO.4 - PERSONAL POINTS

1. Do not take chances – carry out instructions.

2. If you do you know – ask.

3. Rectify or report all unsafe conditions.

4. Use correct tools and equipment.

5. Help to keep the work place clean and tidy.

6. Have all injuries, however, slight, properly attended to at the Medical Centre and register them in the Accident Book.

7. Do not horseplay or distract others.

8. Wear the protective clothing and equipment provided for your safety.

9. Do not start machinery unless authorized without the guard being in place.

10. Obey all safety rules and signs.

11. Use only those tools are authorized to use.

12. Do not leave tools on the floor or where they can fall on people below.

YOU MAY BE ALL RIGHT BUT THINK OF YOUR MATES

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No.5 EYE PROTECTION

1. A tiny fragment in your eye can cause a disaster.

2. Trained first aid for attention to eyes – not a dirty handkerchief. USE THE MEDICAL CENTRE.

3. You have a legal obligation to wear or use the eye protection provided in accordance with the regulations.

4. Even if you are not carrying one of the specified processes you may be at risk, so wear.

5. Do not watch welding processes unless your eyes are properly protected.

6. Do not go in to areas where eye protection is required unless you are wearing protective equipment.

7. Take care of any protective equipment issued to you.

8. Have damaged, lost or unserviceable protective equipment replaced immediately.

9. Make sure your eye protectors are suitable for you and for the work being done.

10. Ensure that eye protectors are comfortable to wear and keep them clean.

11. The place for eye protectors is over your eyes – not on your head or around your neck.

12. REMEMBER – eye protectors is over your eyes – not on your head or around your neck.

A SENSIBLE WORKED VALUES VALUES HIS / HER RIGHT

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No.6 Wearing Personal Protective Equipment

1. Never go to site without your basic Personal protective equipment i.e. Helmet, Safety Shoes and full Coverall and report any defective equipment immediately.You should never throw or drop your helmet, if the shell has cracks or deep scratches replace it immediately. Do not paint your helmet as this weakens the plastic. Safety footwear should be maintained in good condition, checked regularly and discarded if worn or deteriorated. Laces should be checked and replaced if necessary. Materials lodged into the tread should be removed. The stitching should be checked for loose, worn or cut seams. Boot polish will help preserve your boot and gives extra protection when wet.

2. When collecting any tool or work equipment from the stores think about what Personal Protective Equipment you will need to successfully and safely complete the job.

3. When grinding, disking, chasing and using a jack hammer, always wear protective eye wear and do not start work until fellow workers have moved to a safe distance. Make sure the lenses are clean as dirty and scratched lenses restrict vision. Safety glasses should always be put in a safe place at the end of the day to protect them.

4. If dust is produced from grinding, chasing, disking or using a jack hammer, wear a dust mask and replace when regularly.

5. If you have to shout to have a conversation at a 1 meter distance from the work equipment you should be wearing Ear defenders.

6. If you are using your hands in danger areas, i.e. using a hammer and chisel, always wear gloves to prevent cuts and abrasions, make sure they fit well and are not loose so you can grip tools.

7. Look after your personal protective equipment, it could save your life.

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NO.8 - SKIN CARE

SAVE YOUR SKIN

Occupational contact dermatitis is a rash caused by substances used at work. It can look like some common rashes not connected with work. Some people are more likely to get it than others but it is not catching.

It most commonly affects the hands, forearms and legs.

When it is caused by dust, mist or fumes you may get it on the face, neck or chest.

SOME COMMON CAUSES

Pitch, tar and bitumen Brick, stone, plaster and dust Cement Paints, varnishes, lacquers and stains Certain woods Acrylic and formaldehyde resins Chromates (in primer paint, cement) Petrol, white spirits and thinners Alkalis Ionizing Radiations

SAVE YOUR SKIN

Some substances take weeks, months or even years to cause dermatitis. This is because the skin becomes allergic to them.

This type of dermatitis may also cause swelling of the eyes and lips.

SOME SUBSTANCES THAT CAN CAUSE ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS ARE :

Chrome and nickel compounds Some resins, glues and hardeners Some woods and plants Some chemicals

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NEVER CLEAN YOUR HANDS WITH SOLVENTS OR PETROL

NO.8 SKIN CARE (CONTINUED)

SAVE YOUR SKIN

IF YOU WORK WITH SUBSTANCES THAT CAUSE DERMATITIS:

Avoid skin contact with the substance Wear protective clothing, such as gloves Keep your skin clean and when necessary use barrier creams Keep your workplace clean Get first aid treatment for all cuts and keep them covered Do not use abrasives to clean your skin Do not let synthetic resins or glue harden on your skin Avoid work with irritant or allergic substances if you suffer from eczema or

allergic rashes Keep an eye on your skin

IF IN ANY DOUBT CONTACT THE MEDICAL CENTRE OR DOCTOR

UNTREATED DERMATITIS BECOMES SERIOUS

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NO.9 - FIRE

1. See that you know what to do in the case of a fire.

2. Make certain you know your escape route.

3. Keep fire doors and shutters clear and unobstructed.

4. Do not obstruct access to fire extinguishers, learn how they operate – read the labels or ask.

5. Do not hang clothing over or near heating equipment.

6. Do not let paper, oily rags or other rubbish accumulate.

7. Do not smoke in forbidden areas.

8. Use proper containers for flammable liquids, not open tins open tins or buckets.

9. Handle flammable liquids at a safe distance from possible sources of ignition.

10. Check before and after using blowlamps, welding and cutting equipment.

11. Asphalt pots, crucibles, soldering irons and gas rings must be on non – combustible stands.

12. Switch off from the mains any electrical equipment when not in use.

PLAN IN ADVANCE – YOU WILL NOT HAVE TIME WHEN FIRE BREAKS OUT

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NO.10 - MANUAL HANDLING

Manual handing means any lifting, pulling supporting, carrying etc. of any load by means of bodily effort.

A load is defined as any discrete object.

Where the manual handling of a load cannot be avoided, use the following guidelines to assist you :

1. Mentally assess the load and if necessary make a trial lift of a few inches.

2. Do not attempt to lift alone any load that is too heavy, too large or awkward.

3. See that there are no obstructions in the direction you will be going.

4. Take up position, feel hip breadth apart, one foot slightly advanced pointing in the direction it is intended to move.

5. Bend the knees, back muscles should be relaxed.

6. Get a secure grip of the load.

7. Lift, keeping the back straight, arms close to body, leg muscles taking the strain.

8. Step off in the direction – advanced foot is pointing, load held close to body.

9. Do not carry a load, which obscures your vision.

10. When lifting to a height from the floor do it in two stages.

11. Gloves should be worn to protect against cuts, scratches or punctures.

12. Before handling a load ensure sharp edges and corners are protected.

13. Avoid twisting the body whilst carrying the load.

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NO.11 - SAFE STACKING

Many accidents occur when materials have to be taken from stacks. In particular when this is done by hand.

Care taken when material is stacked initially can help prevent many of these.

SAFE STACKS SAVE INJURIES

1. When handling materials wear protective clothing, i.e. helmet, gloves and steel toe capped boots.

2. Only stack material in authorized area, NEVER near doorways, access ways or on fire routes.

3. Stack on a level surface and provide packing.4. Never make stacks higher than 3 times the minimum base width.5. Materials stacked by machine may have to be removed by hand,

consider this in the method of placing. Machines can lift greater loads and to a higher level

6. When handling materials by hand, check weight, if in doubt ASK. Do not attempt to lift more than you feel able to

7. If material is bring lowered by machine, keep hands clear of load.

SHEET MATERIAL Stack flat where possible. If corners are sharp – PROTECT (example: Reinforcement mesh, steel sheets).

If stacked vertically use suitable racks to prevent collaps – material stacked vertically against walls can collapse whilst being removed or may overload walls, etc.

PIPES AND TUBES

Where small diameter stack in racks or stillages.

If large diameter securely chock at base and at subsequent cross bearers. Pyramid stacks can quickly and ‘a rolling tube damage toes’.

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NO.11 - SAFE STACKING (CONTINUED)

BRICKS / BLOCKS / PALLETED MATERIALS

Take care, ensure level base and restrict height of stack – many of these are removed by hand. If banding is damaged or materials are displaced in the pack do not stack other materials on top. Leve sufficient space between different materials for safe removal.

TIMIBER

Racks are best for small sized timbers – saves space.

Joists and large timbers should be placed on bearers and cross packing should be used to level the stack.

Try to keep different lengths in separate stacks.

LARGE SHUTTERS / FORMWORK

Stack flat or store secured in designed racks. DO NOT lean against parts of the building or against temporary structures.

Never stack over 2 metres high and ensure larger shutters/ forms are at the bottom and the smaller ones kept to the top.

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NO.12 - HAND TOOLS

1. Use the right size spanner for the nut. Where adjustable spanners are used take extra care as these slip more easily.

2. Files must be fitted with handles to prevent hand injuries and files must not be used as punches or for levering as they break easily.

3. Chisels and punches with mushroomed heads must be ground down to prevent splinters of metal flying off.

4. Keep hammer heads tightly wedged on their shafts. 5. Replace split or damaged wooden handles, do not wire or

tape up.6. Keep edges of cutting tools sharp.7. Keep hands behind the cutting edge when working.8. Do not use screwdrivers as chisels – handles fracture.9. Do not use screwdrivers as chisels – handles fracture.10. Keep tools in racks or boxed when not in use.11. Protect sharp edges of tools that are to be stored or

covered. Stanley Knives to extend spanners, as the extra leverage may open the jaws and allow it to slip.

12. Scrap tools when they become worn or damaged beyond repair.

13. Always use the correct tool for the job. Do not improvise, i.e. by using tubes to extend spanners, as the extra leverage may open the jaws and allow it to slip.

14. Do not make tools yourself or use odd pieces of metal as tools.

GOOD TOOL MEANS FASTER AND SAFER WORK

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NO. 13 - PORTABLE ELECTRIC TOOLS

1. Before using a portable electric tool check to see it is properly earthed, unless it is an approved type that does not use the tool.

2. Before using an electric tool, make sure that the casing undamaged. If it is damaged, do not use the tool.

3. Make sure that all cables, plugs or connectors are sound and properly wired up.

4. Use tools only on the correct power supply as instructed on the maker’s label.

5. Make sure that the power cable is long enough to reach to reach your working place without straining it.

6. Keep power cables off the flower. They may get damaged or trip somebody.

7. Never stand on a damp or wet surface when using electrical equipment and keep equipment clean and dry.

8. Portable electric tools should only be used for their designed purpose.9. Never connect a portable electric tool to a lighting socket.10. Never use worn, blunt or damaged bits or other accessories.11. Disconnect tools when not in use.12. Electric power tools should be regularly inspected and maintained by a

competent electrician.13. Never carry or lower a power tool by its cable.14. Always check the working voltage of the tool and the voltage of the

supply. THEY MUST BE THE SAME!

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No.14 WORKING SAFELY WITH ELECTRICITY

There is a very tragic way to learn about the dangerous of misusing electrical tools and equipment – it is called electrocution.

Electricity is so mush a part of our modern way of lift, pushing in a plug is second nature and all items of electrical equipment are produced to strict safety standards, so to all intents and purposes, used correctly, the ARE safe. Why than do so many people suffer shocks? Everyone knows electricity can and still people concerned – both of which can lead to shock, burns, serious injury or even a horrible death!!!

The dangers are particularly increased at work – where electrical equipment is used to adverse conditions on site, in wet or damp areas for instance, or where voltage is more lethal.

Read this guide, know your ABC, follow these simple safety rules in your working situation and, if in doubt about the safety of electric equipment – report it, get an electrician or the proper maintenance people for the job IMMEDIATELY!! Do not let a live wire take a life – yours or anyone else’.

Always check for defective plugs, cables and sockets before using any electrical equipment!!

ELECTRICITY KILLS – NEVER FORGETIT

Fuses should always be appropriate to the equipment to which they are fitted!!

Get all blown fuses replaced promptly and correctly. Never ‘MAKE DO’!!

Have all the ‘EMERGENCY STOP’ switches on all machinery tested regularly!!!

Installation of all electrical wiring requires the attention of a qualified person!!

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NO. 15 - WELDING SAFELY

There are several potential hazards when undertaking welding and cutting operations. By your actions you can prevent these hazards, protect yourself and protect others.

The general hazards and their solutions are as follows:

1. LIGHT RAYS (Infra Red, Visible Light and Ultra Radiation). Hot Metal and Sparks Cause eye damage and can burn the skin. Therefore, wear correct Eye and body protection.

EYE PROTECTION For most welding and cutting operations filter lenses are required but for all operations where sparks and hot metal splash is possible eye protection MUST be worn.

CLOTING Flame resistant materials are required for body, hand and foot protection, leather being the favourite for heavy works. Clothing should not retain sparks and synthetic fabrics should not be used. These melt when contacted by sparks.

2. FUMES AND GASES Welding and cutting of all metal produces fumes, which can harm the respiratory system whilst fumes galvanized, lead to toxic coated materials can also affect the rest of the body.

PROTECTIONWear correctly filtered respirators for low volume work, use an exhaust ventilation system for large concentrations of welders or where working in ‘confined spaces’ (additional precautions may be necessary).

3. COMPRESSED GASES Compressed Gases can cause fires or explosions due to their being either highly flammable or under pressure.

PRECAUTIONS Only have the required amount of cylinders at work position (1 day’s

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supply). Store spares correctly in a compound.

NO.15 - WELDING SAFELY (CONTINUED)

Use a bottle trolley to secure cylinders upright.

Flash back arrestors must be fitted at cylinder gauge ends and non- return valves at the inlets to the blowpipe.

Close valves before moving cylinders and after use.

Do not allow cylinders to become heated. Keep oil away from oxygen cylinders, valves, etc. if you suspect a leak, move the cylinder in to the open air and notify supplies.

4. ELECTRICITY

When electric are welding, the greatest danger is from electric shock.

PRECAUTIONS Never touch live metal parts with bare skin or wet clothing.

Ensure cables, electrode holders and cable connections are in good condition and insulation is complete. Ensure welding machine is correctly earthed. Do not weld whilst standing in water or change electrodes whilst on a wet or earthed surface. Do not Do not connect earth lead to electrical circuits or pipes containing flammable materials.

5. FIRE PRECAUTIONS

Welding and cutting operations cause many fires on construction Site.

PERCAUTIONS

Check whether a ‘Hot Work’ permit is required.

Ensure area is free of flammable materials before starting work and check area after completion for likely smoldering materials.

Carry a fire extinguisher suitable for materials being welded and for gases (Co or dry powder are most usual).

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SKILLED WELDERS ARE RARE – ENSURE YOU REMAIN A RARITY

No. 16 - TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ACCIDENTS

1. See that the ladder has been tied near the top.

2. Ensure that the ladder has been tied near the top.

3. Keep rungs and footwear clean.

4. Use both hands when climbing or descending.

5. Ladders are not to be set at an angle exceeding 1 to 4.

6. Always check ladders before and after use, report any defects immediately.

7. Do not paint a ladder at this hides defects.

8. Never use a makeshift ladder.

9. Do not use a ladder with cracked or broken rungs or other defects.

10.Do not over – reach from a ladder.

11.Do not use ladders are too short.

12.Do not move a ladder unless authorized to do so.

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NO. 17 – STEP LADDERS

Before using a step ladder check the condition of:

1. Treads

2. Stiles

3. hinge arrangement

4. Restraining rope between legs.

Damaged step ladders to be taken out of use and either destroyed or returned to the supplier.

1. Firm level base.

2. Type of operation- should a mobile platform be used instead?

3. Work from no further than two thirds up step ladders (hand hold required).

4. Boards not to be slung between treads to provide working platform.(Treads not designed for this loading, a one board wide platforms is not a safe working place).

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NO. 18 - TOWER SCAFFOLDS

1. Only scaffolders to erect towers.2. Towers must only be used on firm surfaces, where ground is soft or

sloping, adequate support must be provided.3. The platform height should not be more than 3 time the length of the

shortest side of the tower (Example, shortest side of tower is 105 metres multiplied by 3 giving a maximum platform height of 4.5 metres). This height can be increased by the use of outriggers.

4. Manufacturer’s instructions on safe loading levels must not be exceeded.5. Care must be taken when working from the platform that pulling or

pushing actions do not overturn the tower.6. Do not pull, heavily items, up the side of the tower, use lifting devices.7. Do not use ladders from platforms of towers, this causes high overturning

forces.

Access

8. Proprietary steel or aluminium alloy towers have a variety of means of access these being:

a) Integral diagonal stairway. As well as providing access this will form

part of the bracing of the tower.

b) Ladder units which slip onto the end frame or inclined ladders, securely fixed, inside the scaffold frame.

c) Climbing a ladders section which is incorporated within the end frame. Such a ladder section will have rungs not more than 300m m apart with stiles nor more than 480mm apart. Climbing horizontal members of other types of end frame is not to be accepted as a safe means of access.

Working Platforms

9. Working platforms made to be fully boarded and complete with guardrails and toeboard. When on a double width aluminium alloy tower a single width platform only is used, it must have guardrails and toeboards to suit Mobile towers are to have only one working platfor.

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When Moving Mobile Towers

10.Towers must NEVER be moved with men or materials on the platform and may only be applying a horizontal force at or near the base.

Prior to moving a tower, you must ensure that the route to the new location is free of obstructions. In particular, ensure any holes, pits, ducts or gratings are securely covered obstructions such as electric cables or beams are not present.

When towers are to be moved and outriggers with adjustable feet are fitted, they must first be raised to a minimum height (12mm) to allow movement. However, the tower must be reduced in height not more than

2.5 Times minimum base dimension.

After moving and before use, wheels must be locked.

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NO.19 - DO’S AND DON’TS ON SCAFFOLD

DO NOT climb scaffold unless you are a trained scaffolder.

DO use the ladder access or the stairs.

DO NOT remove any scaffold tie yourself, unless you are a scaffolder.

Do get a scaffolder to do it, so that he can position the alternative tie.

DO NOT make working platforms (however low) out of planks placed on blocks, bricks or oil drums.

DO NOT use a properly constructed platform on trestles, bandstands or scaffolding.

DO NOT remove cross braces from scaffolding.

DO see your supervisor if crossbraces are in your way.

DO NOT dig trenches under scaffolds.

DO ensure that strengthening works are carried out by scaffolders if trenches are permitted.

DO NOT remove boards from the platform for any purpose.

DO report any gaps or ‘traps’ in the scaffold to your supervisor.

DO NOT stack materials in such a way as to prevent clear access.

DO stack adjacent to the standards or uprights and consider the weights.

DO NOT stack materials in such a way as to prevent clear access.

DO NOT stack more than one stillage high.

DO NOT stack above the height of the toeboard, unless brick guards are fitted, and then restrict the stack to the height of the guardrail.

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NO.20 - OPENINGS AND EDGES

Every year in our industry hundreds of people are killed or injured when they fall from an unprotected area or are struck by material or tools falling from above.Over half of all accidents reported are of these two types: falls of person and falls of materials.The LAW requires that if you work where it is possible for you to fall more than 2 meters, than protection must be provided.

The following lists give an idea of the required protection:

1. Scaffolds Guardrails and toeboards must be provided to all working Levels, also secured ladders are required.2. Floors Protection must be provided to all floor edges, lift openings,

stairways and duct openings.3. Roofs

Edge protection must be given at the eaves and gables.

If the roof is of a fragile material, crawling board or ladders must be used. Where openings or fragile skylights occur in the roof, these must be guarded or securely covered.

4. Excavations All excavations require warning barriers or guardrails. Where the sides are sloping, barriers may be sufficient, but if sides are vertical then a more substantial guarding is needed.

5. Manholes, Road Gullies, etc.Strong secured covers are required here as vehicles damage covers and leaves traps. At times protection will need to be moved to allow work to progress, but this must be done in a controlled manner so that protection is re- fixed once the work is done.

If you remove protection under instruction make sure it is replaced.

Where edges protection is not practical, safely harnesses and restraint wire may be suitable, see your Safely Adviser for instructions.

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NO. 21 - WORK ON ROOFS

Working on roofs given to a substantial number of fatal and serious accidents every year.

Statistics

In a typical year 20 men are killed in roofing accidents, 250 are injured falling through fragile materials and 170 falling from roofs (UK figures).

Stick to the Rules

1. Only properly trained operative may be used for roofing work.

2. A safe method of working must be agreed before work starts.

3. Suitable crawling boards on roof ladders must be used on fragile materials or sloping roofs (other than suitable battened roofs).

4. Where crawling are used for access over fragile material or near roof edges guardrails are required.

5. Roof edge barriers (or scaffolders) must be erected to prevent men and materials falling.

6. Openings in the roof must be securely covered or guarded.7. Covering or guarding may be removed to allow the passage

of men or material BUT must be replaced immediately after that operation.

8. Access ladders must rise at least 1.050m above and stepping off point and must be secured.

9. Where the access ladders rise above 9 metres an intermediate platform with guardrails and toeboards must be provided.

10. Weather conditios can affect your safety during work on roofs, take this in to account when assessing the work to be done.

DO NOT END UP AS ANOTHER STATISTIC

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NO.22 - EXCAVATIONS

Do not dig your own grave ‘dig’ the rules

1. All excavations deeper than 1.2 metres (4 feet) MUST be either timbered on the sides must be stopped to a safe angle. IF DOUBT ASK.

2. Ladders must be used for access and egress from excavation, do not climb on the supports.

3. Warning barriers must be placed around all shallow excavations and scaffold or adequate timber barriers must be provided around deep excavations, i.e. deeper than metres.

4. All reinforcement starter bars in excavations (any depth) must be protected to prevent the possibility of puncture injuries.

5. Keep spoil heaps, materials, secured stop blocks are required to prevent vehicles running in to excavation.

6. When tipping in to excavations, secured stop blocks are required to prevent vehicles running in to the excavations.

7. Do not jump across excavations, provide bridge access ways with guardrails.

8. Do not alter or remove any supporting members unless you are trained to do so.

A CUBIC METRE OF EARTH WEIGHS MORE THAN A TON THE ONLY BODY THAT CAN SUPPORT THAT IS A DEAD BODY

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NO. 23 - WORKING WITH COMPRESSED AIR TOOLS

1. See that the hose is clear of dirt or moisture before starting work.2. Ensure that tools are regularly maintained and serviced and matching

connections are used.3. See that, where applicable, the proper protective guard is correctly fitted

before use.4. Always use attachments which are correct for the speed of the tool.5. When using paving breakers, clay spades, etc. always check your hose

connection before starting work.6. Wear protective footwear when using paving breakers and stand with feet

apart.7. Operators of air cutting, drilling or impact breaking tools must wear eye

protection and also ear protectors.8. Before disconnecting any air tool, turn off the compressed air supply on

the main air pipe to which your air hose is connected. The air should be exhausted in the line at the tool end. Do not tie back the end of the hose with wire.

9. The air tool control level should be released before moving the tool to another piece of work.

10.The changing of points (jack hammer) should be undertaken with the tool in a horizontal position. Do not use blunt points.

11.Ensure the points (jack hammer) are securely seated before operating tool.

12. In the case of air operated cutting wheels and discs, only operates in possession of a certificate of training are permitted to change an abrasive wheel or disc (in accordance with the requirements of the Abrasive Wheel Regulations 1970).

13.Report all defects immediately.14.Most air driven tools are noisy, wear ear protection.

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NO.24 - COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS

1. Treat every cylinder as ‘full’ and handle carefully.

2. Always use a carrier and secure the cylinder in to it.

3. Always use acetylene cylinders in an upright position both in use and in shortage.

4. Store ALL cylinders so that they cannot fall.

5. Keep them away from sun, artificial heat, flammable materials, corrosive chemicals and fumes.

6. Avoid damage to valves and fittings. Do not use them for lifting or carrying.

7. Keep valves and fittings of oxygen cylinders free from oil and grease.

8. Open cylinder valves slowly and close sufficiently to shut off gas – never use force.

9. Always lift cylinders from trucks – do not drop or slide them.

10.REMEMBER: Handing cylinders is a two man job.

REPORT ANY DAMAGE OR DEFECTS IMMEDIATELY

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NO.25 - CARTRIDGE HAMMERS

Only to be used by trained persons issued with a certificate

1. Read maker’s instructions carefully before using cartridge hammer.

2. Before handling cartridge hammer make sure it is NOT LOADED.

3. Load cartridge hammer with barrel pointing in safe position – away from you.

4. Never place with your hand over the end of the barrel.

5. Never walk around with a loaded cartridge hammer – load on site.

6. Check material in to which bolt is to be fired.

7. Allow at least 3’’ from edges of concrete or brickwork.

8. Hold cartridge hammer at right angles to the job when firing.

9. Wear goggles and hearing protection when using cartridge hammer.

10. In the event of a misfire wait a minute before unloading.

11.Keep the cartridge hammer clean and oiled.

12.Never leave cartridge hammer loaded when not in use.

TREAT CARTRIDGE HAMMERS WITH RESPECT – ALWAYS

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NO.26 - ABRASIVE WHEELS

1. Wear goggles when using an abrasive wheel.

2. Adjust the guard to expose the minimum wheel surface necessary for the operation.

3. Keep the glass screen in the safety position.

4. Adjust the tool rest as possible to the face of the wheel.

5. Keep your fingers blow the tool rest level.

6. Take care your work does not slip off the rest.

7. Use the correct grade of wheel for the work in hand.

8. Keep the face of the wheel evenly dressed.

9. Never use the side of the wheel.

10.Do not exert heavy pressure on the wheel.

11.Run a replacement wheel for a full minute filling before attempting to use it. Stand clear during the rest.

12.Stop the wheel when not in use.

N.B. ONLY OPERATIVES TO CHANGE WHEELS ARE THOSE WHO HAVE GIVEN TRAINING AS SPECIFIED BY THE ABRASIVE WHEELS REGLATIONS 1970.

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NO.27 - HAND SAFETY

1. Over 25% of Industrial accidents involve injury to the hand or fingers.2. Injuries occur when people do not follow the correct procedure, e.g.

reaching in to an operating machine, not using the right tools and not using the right tools and not using safety devices provided on equipment.

3. It is never advisable to wear gloves, jewellery, loose clothing or anything which might became entrapped.

4. Improper use of handtools accounts for 8% of all hand injuries.5. Carry and store knives with the blade protected6. Keep knives sharp.7. Do not cut toward the body or other hand.8. Pay close attention to what you are doing. Do not look away.9. Keep guards in place.10.Keep hands well away from blades and bits. Use a push stick to guide

work through a table saw.11.Let a saw come up to speed before putting it to the work.12.Do not reach blindly in to place where a sharp object might be. Tools in

toolboxes and scrap metal buried in other material, cause many injuries.13.Before putting your hand down to support your weight, look at where you

are placing it. 14. If hazardous substances get inside gloves, remove them as soon as

possible.15.Use the correct gloves for the job.16.Gloves must fit properly. If there are too large they will make movement

clumsy and difficult.17.Gloves must be in good condition with no cracks, tears and punctures.

18.Gloves must protect all parts of hand and arms which may be exposed to a hazard.

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NO.28 - WEILS DISEASE/ LEPTOSPIROSIS

The disease is caused by a microbe spread in the urine of infected animals; rats are a well known source of infection.

The organism enters the body when unprotected cuts and scratches become contaminated.

Simple precautions can guard against the hazards of Weil’s disease:-

1. Control and discourage the rat population by prompt disposal of refuse.

2. Wear protective clothing whenever practicable, rubber gloves and boots will reduce the chance of infection.

3. Clean, disinfect and cover cuts and scratches with an adhesive dressing.

4. Wash hands and forearms before eating, drinking or smoking.

5. Consult a doctor in the event of flu- like symptoms including fever, headache and chill. (Earty symptoms of Weil’s disease resemble influenza). It is essential that the doctor is aware of your occupation.

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NO.29 - OFFICE SAFELY

1. Do not leave drawers open.

2. Use waste paper bins only for the purpose provided – do not fill them with things like broken glass and other solid material.

3. Do not run – walk, it is safer all around.

4. Make sure you know who your office first- aiders are and where they can be found in an emergency.

5. If you are a smoker take care with cigarettes. Always stub them our thoroughly in a proper ashtray and never in a waste paper bin.

6. Do not hang clothing, tea- towels etc. over or near to office heaters.

7. Whenever possible switch off all office equipment immediately after use.

8. Make sure you fully understand your office fire procedures, where the fire exists are and how to sound the fire alarm, where to find fire- fighting equipment and how to use it.

9. Do not try to lift heavy objects by yourself. And if your job does involve some amount of lifting only lift with your capability.

10.Never tamper with electrical equipment yourself- report any defects and level all repairs to the experts.

11.Keep trailing leads covered.

12.Keep fire exists clear.

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NO.30 - NIGHTSHIFT WORKING

If there is insufficient lighting, inform your Supervisor.

Be aware that lights cast shadows and take extra care when working near protruding steel or scaffold.

Don’t ascend or descent anywhere alone or without notifying your Supervisor, e.g. down a coffer dam or up on a roof.

If it is windy and dark, be vigilant, flying debris cannot be seen.

Do not attempt to give hand signals in the dark. If your radio battery fails, stop working until it is replaced.

Remember that yours surroundings may have been altered during dayshift.

CRANE DRIVERS

Remember that dayshift operations may have altered your approach to a lift. Don’t ‘drop things in ‘because it was clear last night.

Do not go out on the jib in the dark, if you slipped on unseen grease or water you could dangle for a long time unnoticed.

BANKSMEN

Watch your driver all the way up and down his tower.

If you should have a quiet spell between lifts, notify your Supervisor of your location.

BE SHARP – IN THE DARK

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NO.31 - NDT RADIOGRAPHY OPERATIONS (NDT – Non Destructive Testing)

1. INTRODUCTION

Everyone is expected to radiation as part of their normal lives, from both the natural environment such as the sun, rocks, soil and from man- made sources such as X- rays or NDT Radiography.

Various contractors use radiation sources for non- destructive testing of welds, checking for defects. All such work is controlled by legalization under the lonizing Radiation Regulations 1985.

2. ARRANGEMENTS

Before any NDT Radiography can commence, this work must first be approved and co- ordinated.

Notification of approved requests are issued to all Site Contractors detailing CONTROLLED AREAS, specifying the contract involved, location of work, commencement, duration and source to be used.

CONTROLLED AREAS are set up prior to commencement of work, marked by orange barrier tape, flashing amber/red warning lamps and with suitable warning notices.

Barriers erected around these CONTROLLED AREAS are positioned such that any persons standing adjacent to the barrier cannot receive a radiation does greater than 7.5uSvh-1 (micro Sieverts). This is the legal limit set under the lonizing Radiation regulations 1985 for NON CLASSIFIED WORKERS. (In practice the radiation levels at the barriers are often mush less than this legal limit.

ONLY CLASSIFIED WORKERS who receive specific training and are subject to regular health monitoring checks are allowed access inside these CONTROLLED AREAS.

The majority of this work is carried out a weekends and evening, when fewer persons are on site.

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3. HAZARDS

Unauthorised personnel who disregard the barriers and enter a CONTROLLED AREA place themselves as considerable risk to radiation exposure.

This risk being dependent upon the type of radiation used, its strength, proximity to the source, duration of exposure and the extent to which the body is irritated.

REMEMBER, radiation cannot be detected by any of the human senses, such as sight, scent or touch.

Radiation can only be detected or measured by appropriate monitoring instruments.

4. PRECAUTIONS

NEVER enter radiation CONTROLLED AREAS.

NEVER take a short cut through a CONTROLLED AREAS; the barriers are there for vour protection.

Consult your Supervisor regarding impending NDT Radiography Operations in your work area.

If in any doubt, ask your Supervisor.

REPORT any situation where NDT Barriers are incomplete.

REPORT any circumstances here you believe you believe you may have received exposure to a radiation does.

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NO.32 - MAN RIDING BOXES

The S.W. L. is clearly marked on the boxes and must not be exceeded.

Tools and materials to be safely put on the floor of the box.

Persons in the boxes must have both feet on the floor of the boxes at all times.

Safety Harnesses must be worn at all times whilst ridding in or working from the box.

A Lanyard not exceeding 2 metres in length to be used with a full body harness, 1.2 metres with a belt harness.

Where extra freedom of movement is required a retractable type lanyard can be used.

Check the condition of the box and chains etc. before you use it.

------- Has someone tried to steel a shackle and left it lose?------- Is the floor of the box in good condition?

When moving the box always direct the crane so that you are well away from obstacles. Never manually push away from anything. Remember that the box is longer than it is wide and that if it spins it may well get caught on an obstruction.

When using radios, drivers and banksmen should at all times be in clear view of the driver and the box, not necessarily in the box. There is no obligation to be with a passenger. The banksman’s job is to supervisor the lift safely from the safest point.

If the box strikes anything, gets caught up or tips, it has to be human error. Objects don’t jump out towards the box, the box goes to them.

Never alight from the box at a different level to that which you go in at unless you have been given a safe method of work for doing so.

If you are required to use a box or basket that belongs to any Company other than CAPE, check with your Supervisor about certification etc.

Remember, never use a man rider on a machine that has ‘’Free Fall Facility’’ or has no ‘Dead Man Device’’.

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NO .33 - CORRECT USE OF RADIOS

ENSURE YOUR RADIO IS CORRECTLY, I.E. squeich, volume, monitor button, etc.When clipping on a new battery immediately check out all the functions of the radio.

If you carry radio using the holster attached to a belt, use a lapel microphone otherwise constant removal of the radio from the holster may result in damage or loss.When the holster is worn on the shou7lder take care that the aerial does not cause eye injury, particularly when climbing.Take a spare battery with you and when the first one expires change it at the first opportunity so that you are not caught with both batteries flat.

SLINGER/SIGNALLER

When taking your driver up or down where he is blind to the operation – keep repeating your instruction. For the first or the final few feet keep the radio ‘keyed’. The sound of a ‘keyed’ radio is distinctive and when the voice can not be heard or understood, the sudden loss of contact will cause your driver to stop all operations until contact is re- established.

DRIVERS

Listen carefully to your slinger/signaler and if you lose contact, STOP. Never take anything for granted or guess. If your radio deteriorates and you are unsure of the message or instruction, stop work and report the problem.

Protect your radios wherever possible. Keep them away from concrete covered gloves, rain or heavy mist, etc. Use something to put your radio in during inclement weather conditions, e.g. polythene bag.

COMMON CAUSES OF RADIO FAILURE

Broken aerials due to pulling radio from holster or catching on obstacles.

Water ingress caused by non- protection during inclement weather. Remember, a few drops of water down the socket holes at the top of your radio could cause it to be out of action for days.

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Faulty keys (buttons) due to soiled hands or gloves, mud, grout, concrete, etc. will clog up or get behind the keys and stop good contact.

The dropping of radios is quite common and is often caused by the following by braking off and discarding of the holster flap which holds the radio secure, and also the carrying of radios inside breast pockets.

Radios, like most tools, deteriorate with use and age. We should take all reasonable steps to prolong the useful working life of our radios. Teat your working radio as you would your portable radio at home, keep it dry, clean and use it gently, remember it is very delicate. None of us would dream of knocking or soaking our TV or HI-FI system and yet our safety does not depend on them.

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NO.34 - SAFE USE OF LIFTING GEAR

1. Always examine every item before you use it, check the identification marks, do not use the item.(S.W..L. – Safe Working Load).

2. Check your chains whilst hanging from the hook to ensure that they are not stretched or twisted. Inspect the Safety catch on the crane hook.

3. Study and understand the available charts for chains, slings, etc.

Mark yourself aware of how and why lifting gear is down- rated. Do not be mis- led by up- rating methods, e.g. Basket hitch = capacity X 2.

Lift to the marked S.W.L. and down- rate when necessary.

4. Unless authorized by the crane co- ordinator, never use any other contractors gear.

5. Never allow anyone to use your chains, slings or shackles for pulling, e.g. Towing of Vehicles.

6. Never leave your gear lying about, it may be stolen, lost or worse still – borrowed and abused to the point of being unsafe.

7. Tower crane slinger / signalers must return all lifting gear in a dry place which needs to be securely locked.

8. Mobile crane slinger / signalers must return all lifting gear to the sling store after use. Items left on a machine deck are liable to theft and corrosion.

REMEMBER: NEVER GUESS OR ASSUME ANYTHING, ONE MISTAKE IS TOO MANY.

YOU WILL NEVER BE CAUGHT OUT – IF EACH LIFT IS THOUGHT OUT

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NO.35 - COMPLACENCY

When people have worked on the same site for a very long time, it is easy to take things for granted it is also very dangerous.Can we assume that the ladders we climb, the scaffolds we walk on, the handrails we lean on, the loads that pass above us are as safe now as they were on DAY 1? Are all of us as vigilant now as we were say, 1 or 2 years ago?

IF ANYONE OF US EASES UP AND IS NOT

‘ON THE BALL’. SOMEONE WILL BE HURT

Remember, with a lengthy service on this site and the end is sight we should be concerned that all of us finish up in one piece to enjoy the fruits of our labours.Now is the time to concentrate on keeping ourselves and everyone else safe.

We are now at the stage of the job where we are taking things apart, storing them down the ‘Deadyard’ or sending them off site. This does not mean that we can be a little rougher than we used to be when everything was new and being carefully positioned.

Every lift must be treated as very important and completed safely’. Every lift is important and the only way to do it is safely.

Discarded items must not be subject to abuse, if they are half dismantled, loose, past their best, they may present a hazardous lift if not inspected and slung correctly. The way you slung it for installation may not be the way to sling it for dismantling.

Lifting gear deteriorates with time, has your? Are all the skips and stillages still in a safe condition? Do not start to think that they only have to last a short time longer and ‘Make – Do’.

Are we still in good condition? Are getting in later, spending longer at tea breaks and generally loosing interest?

If we lost interest at the wheel of our cars we would soon have an accident. Work is just the same. WE have all crossed busy roads, thousands of times, but remember that one mistake, one bad judgement is enough. Treat safely at work as you would in your own time. Always concentrate and get to the end of each shift safely.

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WHEN THE JOB IS COMPLETE – BE ON YOUR FEETNO.36 - SKIN CANCER

Malignant melanoma, more commonly known as skin cancer, can develop as a result of the body being exposed to direct sunlight. The sun’s element known as Ultra Violet Rays (U.V.R.) are harmful and unless they are ‘blocked out’ can lead to skin cancer. U.V.R. damages the skin and these damaged tissues can change in to a cancerous growth. The substance melanin is produced by the body to help protect the skin against burning. Each individual’s skin when exposed to sunlight will burn to varying degrees depending on the type of skin, i.e. fair or sallow skin. However, U.V.R. can still penetrate and damage skin tissue despite melanin being produced. Therefore, no matter how well tanned an individual can be, they are still at risk.Due to the ozone layer becoming depleted (green house effect), U.V.R. are now stronger and more dangerous than ever before. Statistics are showing that the incidences of skin cancer are doubling over ten year cycles.In certain cases cures are available. These included surgery and chemotherapy but preventative measures should be taken to prevent skin cancer occurring.

PREVENTATIVE MEASURES

1. Keep well covered up in loose fitting clothes preferably cotton.2. Where areas of the skin are exposed to the sun such as hands, nose,

etc. a total sun block cream should be used to block out U.V.R.

THEATMENT FOR SUNBURN

1. Cover affected areas with loose fitting clothing and stay out of the sun.2. Drink plenty of fluids.3. Apply a good after sun cream.4. If sunburn is severe seek medical advice.

If individuals have been exposed to the sun for long periods they should be aware of the early signs of skin cancer and report any changes immediately to a Doctor.

IDENTIFYING SKIN CANCER

1. Moles that change colour or size rapidly.

2. Discolouration of the skin.

3. Moles that start to ‘itch’ or irritate.

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4. Moles that start to bleed or discharge.

5. Sudden growth of abnormal looking moles.

If in doubt seek medical advice, don’t leave it, it might save your life.

STATISTICS

The following are statistics for England and Wales of deaths due to skin cancer during 1991:

Males : 1169

Females : 765

As you are aware, it is mandatory that you wear your overalls at all times whilst employed by CAPE East.

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NO. 37 - SCAFFOLDING OPERATIONS

The erection of scaffolding is a skilled task and must only be carried out by trained and competent persons. By the very nature of the work, the hazards are severe and accidents frequently result in serious injuries or fatalities.

1. Before commencing work, check that all necessary clearances or permits have been obtained.

2. Be aware and make your workmates aware of any potential hazards near your place of work, i.e. noxious fumes, acids, electrical plant, overhead conductors, excessive heat, working machinery or work in confined spaces, boilers, etc.

3. Obtain and use any required safety equipment, i.e. safety harness, inertia reel blocks, masks, goggles, etc., and always wear safety helmets, safety boots and overalls.

4. Where there is a possibility of other persons passing through or near the work zone, ensure that suitable barriers or signs are erected to warn to warn or exclude them from the danger area.

5. During construction. Ensure that suitable barriers or signs are erected to warn or exclude them from the danger area.

6. During construction, ensure that you and all other members of your gang do the following.

Use gin wheel and rope for raising and lowering materials DO NOT throw materials up or down.

When at height ensure that all times you take the necessary precautions to ensure a safe method of work and prevent a fall (See sections entitled ‘’TEMPORARY, PLATFORMS USED FOR ERECTION, DISMANTLE AND MODIFICATION OF SCAFFOLDING’’ AND SAFETY HARNESS AND INERTIA REEL BLOCKS.

Construct guardrails as soon as possible. Be aware of trap end boards, loose tubes and fittings, nails in boards, etc. Ensure that any member of the gang who has little or no experience of

erecting ‘’advanced’’ scaffolds, does not take unnecessary risks.

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Check all materials are serviceable. Reject and report any defective components.

a) Tubes – bent, corroded or with split or burnt ends.b) Fittings – damaged or not correctly serviced.c) Boards – badly split, notched, unbanded.

Always ensure that the foundations or structure from which a scaffold is built are adequate.

a) Use metal baseplates and timber soleboards under every standard. On soft ground or where there is any likelihood of surface penetration, use metal baseplates and suitable timber sleepers.

b) If the scaffold is to be erected on a roof or over a basement or upper floor, check with someone in authority that the foundation is suitable or if propping or shoring is required.

c) In form someone in authority if excavations are taking place in the immediate vicinity of the scaffold base.

Ensure that the scaffold is erected with standard centers and lift heights not in Excess of those specified. If the information is received or if in any doubt, contact your supervisor.

Ensure that the scaffold is adequately braced in both directions and where necessary in plan. All braces must be fixed as near to the node points as possible with load bearing couplers.

Ensure that the scaffold is adequately tied to the building or structure. Ensure that all working platforms are close boarded with no tripping

hazards or ‘’trap ends’’. Guardrails and toeboards must be fitted to all sides of platforms (including return ends) to comply with the necessary statutory regulations.

Transoms must be positioned at the correct to adequately support the boards. When transoms are removed from the lower lifts of progressive scaffolds, a minimum of one tube must be left within 305mm (1’ – 0’’) of each pair of standards and fixed on load bearing couplers.

Ladders should be set at an angle of 75 degress (Slop 1 in 4) and extend at least 1050mm (3’ – 6’) above the platform. They should also be adequately supported and secured to prevent movement. (See also ‘’LADDER SAFETY’’).

Ensure that all incomplete structured are fitted with ‘’DO NOT USE’’ or ‘’INCOMPLETE’’ signs as soon as possible.

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Ensure that the scaffold is fully and adequately inspected by a competent person, before being handed over.

Ensure that all spare materials are safely and securely stowed or returned to rack or compound. No scaffold is ‘’Complete’’ until this task has been performed.

Before dismantling is commenced check that all ties are in position and that the scaffold appears to be safe.

Ensure that during dismantling operations a safe method of work is maintained and that the sequence of operations is adopted to ensure that the scaffold is secure at each stage.

Do not overload the scaffold with stored materials when dismantling or re- erecting.

NO. 38 – TEMPORARY PLATFORMS USED FOR THE ERECTION OF SCAFFOLDING

Scaffolding operations may be carried out from temporary working platforms providing the following criteria is met.

1. All platforms must be at least 3 boards (675mm) wide.

2. All boards must be adequately supported and where necessary secured against accidental displacement.

3. Work must only be conducted within the main body of the scaffold and adequate handhold must be at all times available.

4. Adequate handhold may be obtained from adjacent structures or walls or from scaffold elements such as braces, standards, guardrails etc., which should be erected as soon as possible.

5. Wherever the above criteria cannot be met, safety harnesses must be worn and sedcured to a suitasble anchorage point at all times (See ‘’SAFETY HARNESSES AND INERTIA REEL BLOCKS’’).

6. Never use ledgers, transoms, unit or ladder beams etc., to gain access along a scaffold.

7. In wet, windy or slippery conditions, platforms should be fully boarded and filled with guardrails and toeboards before work without harnesses is commenced.

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8. If you are working in any conditions where you feel unsafe or are unsure, you must always obtain and use a safety harness.

9. There are certain types of scaffolding where it tis considered that temporary platform alone do not provide a sufficient level of safety and such cases safety harnesses must be used. Examples are listed (but not necessarily limited those) below.

Slung Scaffolds Cantilever scaffolds and loading baysTruss – out scaffoldsBridges and bridging sectionsTemporary roofsMasks or high towersWork over or near waterWork over open steelworkWork on sloping or fragile roofsWork in confined spaces, where rescue may be required.

NO. 39 - SAFETY HARNESS & INERTIA REEL BLOCKS

Safety harness must be used in all cases where there is a possibility of a fall occurring and where it is not practicable to provide a safe working platform or fit safety nets.

1. Wherever the above circumstances prevail you must not attempt to start work until the necessary fall arrest equipment has been provided.

2. Ensure that you fully understand how to install and use the equipment. If in any doubt whatsoever ask your supervisor.

3. Only full body harness with thigh and shoulder straps are to be used. The use of safety belts is not permitted.

4. Check the condition of all equipment thoroughly before you use it. If any defects are found or suspected, do not use the equipment and report it immediately to your supervisor.

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5. Ensure that lanyards or inertia reel blocks are connected to a substantial anchorage point which should be located as possible above the user. Never work above the anchorage point.

6. No not allow lanyards, cables or connections to pass over sharp edges such as girders, purloins etc., which could shear a cable during a fall.

7. Ensure that harness are worn correctly with all straps properly adjusted and tensioned and that lanyards do not pass under your arms or between your legs.

8. You must ensure that you are at all times secured to a suitable anchorage and the use of two lanyards may be necessary for moving from one location to another.

9. In the event of a fall, all equipment must be taken out of service until it can be inspected by a competent person. Report any such incidents to your supervisor.

10.Look after all fall, arrest equipment; it may one day save your lift. After use ensure that it is stored neatly and tidily in a safe place.

NO.40 - COMPRESSED AIR

There are many ways in which compressed air can be dangerous, for example if directed against the body it can enter the mouth or ears or even penetrate the skin causing severe and often fatal injuries. Remember the following safety points:

1. Compressed air should never be used for cleaning clothing.2. Horseplay with compressed air is extremely dangerous and is strictly

forbidden.3. When using compressed air tools, the exhausting air should be directed

away from the body.4. Compressed air should never be used near a naked flame. 5. Any defects in equipment should be reported at once.6. Safety and monitoring devices should never be misused or abused.7. Always use suitable eye, ear and hand protection and any other PPE

required for the operation.

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NO.41 - LIFTING OPERATIONS

1. Will be Lifting operations, including slinging and rigging must only be undertaken by trained and competent persons. Only lifting gear and appliances which have test certificates and current inspection reports should be used.

2. Ensure that you are using the correct equipment for the job in hand.

3. Do not overload equipment. Ensure that the SWL (safe working load) is marked on it and do not exceed that load.

4. All lifting hooks should be moused or specially shaped to prevent the sling eye or load coming off the hook.

5. Use packing pieces to protect ropes or slings from sharp edges of the load.

6. Do not kink, twist or knot any sling for any purpose whatsoever. Remember that tightly radiused bends damage the sling and weaken it.

7. Never drag a sling from under a load if it is not free and never drag a load along the ground with a sling.

8. Remember that the angle between the legs of a sling has an effect on the safe lifting capacity of that sling. (The greater the angle the less weight it will bear

NO.42 - PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEMS

1. Purpose

Permits to work are intended to control operations which might be hazardous by setting out specific rules which must be followed while undertaking the job. E.g. permits will set out precautions to be take, time limits, protective clothing or equipment required, checks to be made, the personnel involved, etc.

2. Cape Industrial Services do not have a company permit system. Where operatives are required to work under a permit this will be issued by the client and should be issued by a central authority who aware of other people who might be affected can be minimized.

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3. Types of Permit

The exact nature and layout of permits varies from client, but the following areas are usually covered:-

Hot work permits are intended to cover the type of work which might give rise to fire or sources of ignition, e.g. welding, turning, grinding, etc.

Electrical permits are intended to control any work where personnel may be exposed to danger of electric shock.

Vessel entry permits cover entry in to confined spaces or where there is a danger of being overcome or trapped.

Cold work permits cover a wide range of other tasks which require regulation.

Isolation certificates, these certify that action has been taken to lock off or isolate a particular system.

4. It is important therefore that all operatives check the contents of permits and the requirement to obtain a permit for particular task.

NO.43 - ENTRY OF CONFINED SPACES(Refer also to the Company Code of Practice)

1. Serious accidents continue to occur when work is being done inside confined spaces. A significant number of these are fatal and multiple fatalities are not uncommon.

2. Many process vessels, ducts, effluent drains, tanks, etc., are easily recognized as enclosed or confined spaces, however, some areas are not so readily identified since any workplace where gasses, vapours, etc., could be a shortage of oxygen, may be hazardous.

Among these are such thins as open topped vats or tanks, large diameter open ended pipework, low lying sumps, trenches and inspection pits where heavier than air gasses may accumulate.

Closed and unventilated rooms, enclosed areas where welding operations have taken place or where paints or solvents have been used.

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3. The main hazard sources are those associated with the presence of toxic gases/fumes.

This may have been because they have not been properly dispersed or have leaked in again from other plant which was not properly isolated.

Gasses or fumes produced as a result of work going on in the confined space. This may be as a result of one or other of the following activities:

Welding, burning, cutting, grinding, use of chemicals, use of adhesives, paints, solvents, coatings, combustion products of various fuels. Oxygen enrichment due to processes producing as excess oxygen in the atmosphere (the leakage of a gas welding plant oxygen cylinder, certain electrolytic processes).

The lack of oxygen due to it being used up by chemical action, e.g. through fire (welding, burning), where closed vessels have rusted internally converting the oxygen in to rust, etc.

The flushing of vessels with inert gas.

The build up of carbon dioxide which displaced the oxygen (brewing or fermenting).

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