This glossary is provided and maintained by Safmarine e-Commerce. Please let us know if you have any additions/corrections.

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A-Type / C-Type / E-Type / K-Type / L-Type / M-Type / S-TypeGroupings of vessels with the same or similar characteristics of design whose names begin with the same first letter.

ABSSee: American Bureau of Shipping.

AbsorptionThe assumption by the carrier of switching or other special charges without increasing the rate to the shipper.

Acceptance of Goods The process of receiving a consignment from a Shipper, usually against the issue of a receipt (B/L), when the Carrier's responsibility for the consignment begins.

AccessorialCharges made for additional, special, or supplemental services, normally over and above the line-haul services.

Account Base List of all accounts in a sales region.

Account ProfileProjection of an account’s upcoming volume along with such account’s shipping requirements.

Acknowledgement of receiptA notification pertaining to the receipt of goods, messages or funds.

Act of GodAccidents beyond human control such as floods, earthquakes, lightning or hurricanes, usually referred to as "force majeure".

Ad Valorem

In proportion to the value: When applied to certain freight or customs duties levied on goods, property, etc. set as a percentage of their value. When a Shipper desires to be covered for a valuation in excess of that allowed by the Carrier’s regular Bill of Lading, freight is assessed based on cargo value.

Add-onsAdditional charges.

AftThe rear of a vessel.

AgencyAn organisation working on behalf of a principal. Company whom represents/acts on behalf of another entity.

Agency FeeFee payable by a shipowner or ship operator to an agent.

Aggregated ShipmentsNumerous shipments from different shippers to one consignee that are consolidated and treated as a single consignment.

AI All Inclusive

A I D A Attention, Interest, Desire, Action. Four elements of sales call

Air Freight ForwarderA non-asset based firm that negotiates low shipping rates with airlines and then takes orders at a higher rate in order to make a profit, using the other company's assets to move the product.

All-in All Inclusive

AllocationThe process of allocating space on a particular vessel (or vessels) to a certain organisational unit.

AllotmentA share of the capacity of a vessel assigned to a certain party, e.g. a Carrier or an agent, for the purpose of the booking of cargo for one or several specific voyages.

All-WaterService rendered by Carriers on a port-to-port basis; cargo moving via ocean Carrier only.

AMSAutomated Manifest System

American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)American classification society.

AmidshipsThe middle of a vessel.

Anti-Rebating CertificationDocument signed by shipping companies and filed with the Federal Maritime Commission and in ocean tariffs attesting that rebates are not allowed and will not be paid by such company.

APGArabian Persian Gulf

APMA. P. Møller

AQAny Quantities, usually refers to a rating that applies to an article regardless of weight.

AQI Agriculture Quarantine Inspection.

ArbitraryA fixed amount which a transportation line agrees to accept in a dividing joint rate; A fixed amount added to or deducted from one station to make a rate from another station; A fixed amount added to or deducted from a rate to one station to make a rate to another station An allowance added to an employee´s rate of pay in additional to regular wages, based on provisions included in the union contract.

Arrival Notice (A/N) Documentation that notifies Consignee of arrival information and freight charges due. Form produced by Carrier for advanced notification to Consignee of cargo arrival.

Artificial Tween Deck (ATD)Forty-foot long, eight foot wide, one foot thick steel platform with hardwood flooring. Equipped with ten bullrings for securing oversized, heavy lift or wheeled cargo.

As FreightedAll cargoes freighted on same unit; W/M.

Asset-Based, Third Party ProviderA third-party provider that owns transportation and/or warehouse assets.

AssignmentAn act which involves transfer of rights, title, and interest for the purpose of assigning goods by endorsement of the bill of lading.

Athwartships Across the vessel, from side to side.

AuditA methodical examination and review of business processes and/or business units, concluding with a detailed report of findings.

AverageMarine insurance term for losses or damages to or in respect of goods or equipment.

Average Adjusters

In general average matters average adjusters are entrusted with the task of apportioning the loss and expenditure carried by interested parties in a maritime venture and to determine which expenses areto be regarded as average or general average.

Average InventoryThe average inventory level over a period of time.

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BAABusiness Area Analysis

Back HaulThe return leg of a round trip.

BAFGoto : Bunker Adjustment Factor.

BallastMaterials, usually water, carried as ballast in tanks improves the trim and the stability of the vessel.

BandingSecuring of cargo on a pallet generally by a steel/metal stripping.

Bank Draft (B/D)A bank instrument wherein payment of funds is guaranteed.

Banker's AcceptanceA form of financing used in import/export transactions.

Bank GuaranteeProtection in writing to a Carrier for performing a deviation from normal business guaranteed by a bank. May under certain circumstances be accepted in lieu of original Bill of Lading to release cargo.

Bar CodingA method of encoding data for electronic readability. Bar codes are a series of alternating bars and spaces affixed to products, labels, or other media, representing encoded information, which can be read by electronic reading devices.

Bare Boat CharterA charter whereby the Charterer leases the ship and provides the master and crew himself.

Barge (Lighter)Flat bottomed vessel for a.o. canals and rivers with or without own propulsion for the

purpose of transporting goods.

Base PortPorts from which standard tariff rates applies to thos normally serviced directly by members.

Base RateRate used only for construction of other rates.

Basic AgreementA document containing administrative rules and regulations adhered to by members of a conference. These guidelines are voluntarily agreed to by the member lines and are on file with the Federal Maritime Commission.

Basing PointsA point (location) used in construction of through rates between other points.

BatchA grouping of products or data which is treated as one entity with respect to certain operations e.g. processing and production.

BayA vertical division of a vessel, partly indicating the stowage of containers.

Bay Plan (BP)Section by section plan of a vessel indicating where cargo is stowed.

B/BBreakbulk

BCOBeneficial Cargo Owner - Refers to the importer of record, who physically takes possession of cargo at destination and does not act as a third party in the movement of such goods.

BenchmarkingThe measurement, comparison, and exchange of standards in the business process(es).

Bending-momentThe result of vertical forces acting on a vessel as a result of local differences between weight and buoyancy.

Best PracticeAlso known as competitive benchmarking, the methodology that determines state-of-industry performance or application.

BerthA location in a port where a vessel docks.

Berth TermsGoto : Liner Terms.

Bilateral Transport AgreementAgreement between two nations pertaining to transport.

Bill of Lading (B/L, Blading)A cargo receipt, issued and signed by a duly authorised person on behalf of the Carriers. a. A document evidencing the title to the goods described therein. b. A contract listing the terms and conditions of carriage agreed upon between Shipper and Carrier.

Bill of Lading ClauseA particular article of a Bill of Lading. A clause can be standard and is usually preprinted on the B/L.

Bill of Lading Number (B/L No.)Carrier’s (unique) reference number assigned to Bill of Lading.

B/LGoto : Bill of Lading.

B/L TermsBill of Lading terms under which a shipment is carried.

BladingGoto : Bill of Lading.

Block TrainA number of railway wagons (loaded with containers), running from A to B without marshalling, transshipping or any coupling or decoupling of wagons underway.

BollardPole, fixed to a quay or a vessel, for securing mooring lines.

BolsterBracing of a commodity in a container. Flatrack container without ends.

Bona FideIn good faith; true.

BondedThe storage of import goods under charge of customs viz. customs seal until the import duties are paid or until the goods are re-exported.

BookingCargo commitment made to Carrier by Shipper.

Booking NoteNumbered document, which confirms acceptance of a specific shipment while detailing specific information, i.e., weight, id, port, ship name, voyage number, discharge point.

Box

Common terminology describing a container.

Box RateA lump sum charge to move cargo in containers from origin to destination.

Boycott CertificatesRequired by certain countries restricting carriage to certain flag vessels.

Break Bulk Cargo (Conventional Cargo, B/B)General cargo stowed conventionally as opposed to unitised (palletised), containerised and Roll On/Roll Off cargo.

Breakbulk VesselConventional Carriers designed to carry containers and non-containerised cargo; vessel with hatches built to accommodate various commodities.

BrokerPerson who serves as an agent or intermediary in negotiating contracts.

BrokerageFee paid to forwarder by the Carrier for services performed.

BSRBasic Service Rate

Bulk CargoUnpacked homogeneous cargo poured loose in a vessel's hold or a container e.g. oil and grain.

Bulk CarrierSingle deck vessel designed to carry homogeneous unpacked dry bulk cargoes.

Bulk ContainerContainer designed for the carriage of dry cargoes in bulk, which are loaded through hatchways in the roof of the container and discharged through hatchways at one end of the container.

BulkheadVertical partition dividing compartments on board a vessel.

Bull ringsRings for lashing the cargo in containers (flatracks or artificial tweendecks).

Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF)Adjustment applied by shipping lines or liner conferences to compensate for the effect of fluctuations in the cost of fuel.

Bunker SurchargeGoto : Bunker Adjustment Factor.

BunkersFuel for a vessel’s propulsion plant (engine).

Bureau VeritasFrench classification society.

Buying SignalStatement made by a customer that indicates he is ready/prepared to buy your service.

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C&FCost and Freight. Terms of sale. Seller quotes price including the cost of goods and all transportation charges to the named point of destination.

C/A · Corrective Action · Current Account

CACarrier’s Arrangement

CAFGoto : Currency Adjustment Factor.

CabotageTransport of goods between two locations within the same country.

CageSpecial section specifically for ad Valorem type cargo.

CallThe vessel ‘s stay in port.

Call SignA vessel-specific code to be used for the communication between vessels, port authorities and other relevant participants in international trade.

CARCorrective Action Request

CargoGoods carried on a ship covered by a B/L.

Cargo BaysDoors at cargo warehouse where vehicles back in to load/unload cargo.

Cargo GearShip's Crane.

Cargo HandlingThe physical handling of goods.

Cargo ManifestAn invoice of all cargo loaded on board a vessel. Entire listing of all cargo on board a vessel is required by the relevant local authorities.Same as Manifest.

Cargo Payment MethodsCAF : Cost, Assurance, and FreightCIF : Cost, Insurance and FreightC&F : Cost and FreightSeller quotes a price including cost of transportation to the named destination. Title passes when the goods arrive at this point and not when the goods are shipped.FOB : Free on Board. Destination Freight Collect.Title passing to buyer, and freight charges being paid by buyer.

Cargo Release Control BookList of Bills of Lading per vessel which is used to control freight payment and their release to the pier.

Cargo TracerA message sent by an agent to all relevant parties, with the aim of establishing the whereabouts of missing or overlanded cargo.

Carriage and Insurance Paid (CIP)Means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. This means that the buyer bears all risks and any additional costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered. However, in CIP the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. If subsequent carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination, the risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier. The CIP term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport including multimodal transport. (*)

Carriage Paid To (CPT)means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. This means that the buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered. If subsequent carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination, the risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier. The CPT term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport including multimodal transport. (*)

CarrierOne who owns, operates or charters vehicles of transportation for movement of cargo.

Carrier’s Certificate U.S. Custom’s form used in lieu of Bill of Lading.

Carrier HaulageThe inland transport service, which is performed by under the sea-Carrier’s responsibility under the terms and conditions of a tariff and of the relevant transport document (B/L).

Carriers' LienThe Carrier has the right to exercise a lien on cargo on "freight collect" shipments and thus retain possession of the goods as security for the charges due.

CASPCargo Acceptance Service Pattern

CBRCommodity Box Rate

CBMCubic Meter - 35.314 cubic feet.

CCAConnecting Carrier Agreement

CellContainer slot where container fits into place on vessel.

Cell-guideSteel bars and rails used to steer containers during loading and discharging whilst loaded in the ship.

Cell PositionThe location of a cell on board of a container vessel identified by a code for successively the bay, the row and the tier, indicating the position of each container on a vessel.

Cellular VesselA vessel specially designed, built, and equipped for the transport of containers.

CENSAGoto : Council of European and Japanese National Shipowner's Associations.

Certificate of ClassificationA certificate, issued by the classification society which states the class of a vessel.

Certificate of OriginFormal document (required at destination) stating origin of cargo and relevant cargo details.

CFRGoto : Cost and Freight

CFSGoto : Container Freight Station.

CFS CargoLoose containerisable cargo handled in a container freight station (warehouse).

CFS ChargeContainer freight station charge, assessed by Carrier for the handling of cargo at the terminal.

CFS/CFSCargo received and stuffed by Carrier at origin and de-vanned by Carrier at destination.

CFS/CYCargo received and stuffed by Carrier at origin then delivered intact at destination.

C/HCarrier’s Haulage

Chains & BindersEquipment used to secure (brace & chock) oversized cargo to equipment.

Charter PartyA contract in which the shipowner agrees to place his vessel or part of a vessel at the disposal of a Charterer for the purpose of carrying goods, against a freight per ton of cargo, or a daily hire.

Charter VSLVessel whose owner makes vessels available on bid basis.

ChartererThe signatory to a charter party with the owner of a vessel who thus hires or leases a vessel or a part of its capacity.

ChassisTrailer or wheeled unit on which a container is placed in order to move container over the road.

CIA Customer Information Application.

CIFGoto : Cost, Insurance and Freight

CIPGoto : Carriage and Insurance Paid

ClaimA request for payment by a customer due to shortage or damage to cargo.

Claim TracerRequest for advice concerning the status of a claim.

Classification SocietyAn organisation whose main function is to carry out surveys of vessels, with the purpose of setting and maintaining standards of construction and maintenance of vessels, engines, and safety equipment. A classification society also inspects and approves the construction standards for containers.

Clean Bill of LadingA Bill of Lading which does not take exception from the apparent order and condition of the goods to be transported.

Clean on BoardMention specifying that the Bill of Lading is issued without exceptions.

CLPContainer Loan Plan. Describes how the inside of container is stowed with cargo.

CM a. Contribution Margin b. Current Month

C/OCare of

COD a. Change of Destination b. Continue on Docket c. Cost of Diversion d. Cash on Delivery

CodabarCodabar is a variable length barcode that can encode 16 data characters including 0-9, plus the symbols - $ ; / . +. Codabar is used primarily for numeric data.

Code 128 AutoCode 128 is a variable length bar code that is capable of encoding the entire 128 character ASCII character set. Code 128 allows three subsets, A, B and C. This version, "Code 128 Auto", will automatically select the subset that will produce the smallest bar code.

Code 128ACode 128 is a variable length bar code that is capable of encoding the entire 128 character ASCII character set. Code 128 allows three subsets, A, B and C. This subset (A) allows all standard upper case alpha-numeric keyboard characters plus control characters.

Code 128BCode 128 is a variable length bar code that is capable of encoding the entire 128 character ASCII character set. Code 128 allows three subsets, A, B and C. This subset (B) allows all standard upper case alpha-numeric keyboard characters and lower case alpha characters.

Code 128CCode 128 is a variable length bar code that is capable of encoding the entire 128 character ASCII character set. Code 128 allows three subsets, A, B and C. This subset (C) includes a set of 100 digit pairs from 00 to 99 inclusive. This allows double density numeric digits, two digits per bar coded character.

Code 3 of 9This bar code is an alphanumeric bar code allowing uppercase letters and numbers. Each character consists of nine elements. 3 of the nine elements are wide, hence the name "3 of 9".

Code 93Code 93 is an alpha-numeric bar code allowing upper case letters and numbers. BarCode/VBX will convert lower case letters to upper case before encoding them.

COFCContainer on a Flat Car. Containers moving on articulated flat rail cars without chassis.

CofferdamAn empty space between two bulkheads or two decks separating tanks, the engine room or other compartments from each other.

Collapsible Flat RackSpecialised flat rack on which either/both ends can collapse to accommodate odd-sized cargo (® Flat Rack).

Combined TransportTransport where the major part of the journey is by f. inst. sea and any pre-/on-carriage is carried out by another mode such as road.

Combined Transport B/LTransport document providing for a combined transport by at least two different modes of transport from a place at which the goods are taken to a place designated for delivery under the responsibility of the Carrier.

Commercial InvoiceA document stating the values of the transaction between the buyer and seller.

CommissionRemuneration payable to an agent by the Principal, usually a percentage of the freight revenue.

CommodityIndication of the type of cargo.

Commodity Box RateA freight rate classified by commodity and offered per container.

Common PointPoint reached by two or more transportation lines.

Common TariffTariff published by or for the account of two or more transportation lines as issuing carriers.

Company GuaranteeA letter of guarantee from a company relieving the Carrier of responsibility associated in the release of goods without an original Bill of Lading. This practise should be exercised with extreme caution, and cannot be recommended.

Computer VirusA programme that can "infect" other programs by corrupting data so as to possibly include a replicated copy of itself.

ConesDevices for facilitating the positioning of containers. The cones insert into the bottom corner castings of the container.

Conference a. A group of steamship companies offering equal freight rates, standardised shipping practices and regularly scheduled service between designated ports. In the USA, these arrangements are given anti-trust immunity as authorised by the Shipping Act of 1984. b. Group of Carriers allowed by FMC to determine rate levels, service and rules of a given trade route bound together by a common tariff or certain geographical area.

Conference CarrierCarrier that belongs to the Conference.

Conference CertificateCertificate declaring that the Carrier is a member of the conference.

Conference ChairmanAdministrative officer hired by the member lines of a conference to over® the day-to-day operations of the conference.

Conference ConfidentialitySpecific language mandated by the conference basic agreement prohibiting the promulgation of confidential conference information.

CongestionAccumulation of vessels at a port resulting in waiting time for arriving vessels to load or discharge for a vacant berth.

Connecting CarrierAn intermediary Carrier utilised to connect cargo to/from mother vessel.

ConsigneeThe party listed in the Bill of Lading to whom the cargo or containers is destined.

Consignee CodeInternal code assigned to each Consignee.

Consignment (Shipment)A volume of goods to be transported from a Shipper to a Consignee via one or several modes of transport and specified in one single transport document (B/L).

Consignment InstructionsInstructions from either the Shipper or the Consignee to a freight forwarder, Carrier or his agent, or other provider of a service, with respect to the cargo movement and associated activities.

ConsolidateTo group and stuff several small shipments together in one container.

Consolidated ContainerContainer stuffed with several shipments from different Shippers for delivery to one or more Consignees.

ConsolidationEffort extended to put same destination cargo together in same container for ease of delivery.

Consolidation PointLocation where the consolidation of consignments takes place.

ConsolidatorA firm or a company which provides consolidation of cargo.

ConsortiumGroup of Carriers pooling resources in a trade lane to maximise their resources efficiently.

Consular InvoiceA document produced by the shipper/seller of goods an accurate description of the merchandise and the country of origin. All items are itemized and with actual price.

Consulate CopyCopy of the B/L signed for consulate purposes.

Consulate LegalisationSome shipping documents must be presented to the Consul for legalisation either prior to or just after sailing.

Container (Freight Container)An item of equipment as defined by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) for transport purposes. An enclosed permanent, reusable, non-disposable,

weather-tight shipping conveyance, usually fitted with hardwood floors. A rectangular unit used for shipment, generally made of steel or aluminium; standard lengths are 20’ and 40’, 8’ wide.

Container ChassisA vehicle specially built for the purpose of transporting containers so that the container and chassis serve as a road trailer when assembled.

Container Check DigitThe 7th digit of the serial number of a container used to check whether prefix and serial number of the container are correct.

Container DepotStorage location for empty containers.

Container Freight Station (CFS)A facility at which (export) small cargo lots are received from Shippers for loading (stuffing) into containers or at which small cargo lots (import) cargo are unloaded (stripped) from containers and delivered to Consignees.

Container LeaseThe contract by which the owner of containers (lessor) gives the use of containers to a lessee (Carrier) for a specified period of time against fixed payments.

Container Load PlanA list of cargo loaded in a specific container and possibly their sequence of loading.

Container NumberIdentification number assigned to each container (MAEU 1234567).

Container PoolWhere containers are stored usually inland for container availability to accounts. Carrier location holding empty containers, various points for Shipper’s utilisation; an area designated for storage of empty container/equipment.

Container PrefixA four letter code that forms the first part of a container identification number indicating the owner of a container (APMU…./MAEU….).

Container Safety Convention (CSC)International convention for safe containers.

Container Serial NumberA seven digit serial number (6 plus 1 Check Digit) which forms the second part of a container identification number.

Container Service ChargesCharges to be paid by cargo interests according to tariff.

Container ShipVessel built to accommodate ocean containers.

Container Stuffing List (CSL)List showing how cargo is stowed in each container.

Container TerminalLocation where loaded and/or empty containers are loaded or discharged from a vessel or from a chassis/wagon.

Container Yard (CY)A facility at which full and empty containers are received from or delivered to the Shippers by or on behalf of the Carrier.

ContainerisedIndication that goods are stowed in a container.

Continuous Flow Distribution (CFD)The streamline pull of products in response to customer requirements while minimizing the cost of distribution.

Continuous Replenishment Program (CRP)A program that triggers the manufacturing and movement of a product through the supply chain when the identical product is purchased by an end user.

ContractAn agreement enforceable by law between two or more parties stipulating their rights and obligations.

Contract CarrierFor-hire interstate operators which offer transportations services to certain shippers under contracts.

Contract of AffreightmentAn agreement whereby the shipowner agrees to carry goods by water, or supplies a vessel for the purpose of carrying goods by sea, in return for a sum of money called freight.

Contribution Margin (CM)Goto : NTV. Contribution towards fixed costs. Freight revenue minus variable costs.

Conventional CargoGoto : Break Bulk Cargo.

CooperWarehouse worker assigned to reconstruct or repair cartons, crates, boxes, etc.

Core CompetencyA company´s primary function considered essential to its success.

Corner Fittings (Corner Casting)Fittings located at the eight corners of containers facilitating the support, stacking, handling and securing of containers.

Corner PostVertical structural post at either side of an 'end frame' of a container joining a top and a bottom corner fitting.

Corporate GuaranteeGoto : Company Guarantee.

Correction Notice (C/N)Internal documents for correction to manifest which reflect a change in the details of a shipment.

Cost and Freight (CFR)Means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail in the port of shipment. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship's rail, the CPT term should be used. (*)

Cost Insurance Freight (CIF)Terms of sale. Seller quotes a price including cost of goods, insurance and transportation charges to point of destination.

Cotton BridgeTerm associated with rail movement of cotton from an inland point to rail ramp at load port.

Council of European and Japanese National Shipowner's Associations (CENSA)Organisation with objectives promoting and protecting sound shipping policies in all sectors of shipping, to co-ordinate and present the views of its members and to exchange views with other shipowner groups.

Country of OriginCountry in which the goods have been produced or manufactured, according to certain Customs criteria.

Country of ProvenanceThe country from which cargo is shipped to the importing country.

C/PCharter Party

CPSConnecting Point Spain. Term associated with point in Spain (Algeciras) utilised to feeder/tranship containers to the ultimate destination(s).

CPTGoto : Carriage Paid To

CRACorporate Rate Agreement

CraneA machine designed for moving and lifting weight by means of a projecting arm or a horizontal beam.

Credit & CollectionDepartment which oversees money owed to container line.

Credit AgreementAgreement between Carrier and Shipper for release of cargo with promise to pay ocean freight within a specified timeframe. Document signed by the Shipper which binds Shipper to credit terms of the conference or agreement body.

CRFConfidential Reference File

Cross-DockingThe process of moving merchandise directly from the receiving dock to the shipping dock, eliminating the need to place the merchandise in storage.

Cross ReferenceDocument that indicates B/L and corresponding container(s) or vice-versa.

Cross TradesShipping services provided by a Carrier between countries other than that in which the vessel(s) is/are registered (UNCTAD).

CSBCross Booking

CSC a. Goto : Container Safety Convention. b. Container Service Charge

CSPContainer Service Port

CSTContainer Service Tariff

CT B/LCombined Transport Bill of Lading

Cubic Foot1,728 Cubic Inches.

Currency Adjustment Factor (CAF)Adjustment made by shipping lines or liner conferences on freight rates to offset losses or gains for Carriers as a result of fluctuations in exchange rates of tariff currencies.

Customer Service (C/S)Department designed to meet customer requirements.

CustomsA Government body that deals with the levy of duties and taxes on imported goods from foreign countries and the control over the export and import of goods f. inst. quotas, prohibited goods.

Customs BrokerAn authorised agent specialised in customs clearance procedures on behalf of importers/exporters.

Customs Clearance a. Shipment cleared by Customs for movement. b. The process of declaring and clearing cargoes through Customs.

Customs EntriesConsumption Entry Form required by U.S. Customs for entering goods into the United States. The form contains information as to the origin of the cargo, a description of the merchandise, and estimated duties applicable to the particular commodity.Estimated duties must be paid at the time the entry is filled. Immediate Delivery Entry Used to expedite clearance of cargo. It allows for up to ten days for the payment of estimated duty and processing of the consumption entry.In addition, it permits the delivery of the cargo prior to payment of the estimated duty and then allows subsequent filing of the consumption entry and duty. Also known as an ID entry.

Immediate Transportation Entry Allows the cargo to be moved from the pier to an inland destination via a bonded carrier without the payment of duties or finalization of the entry at the port of arrival. Known as an IT entry. Transportation and Exportation Entry Allows goods coming from or going to a third country, such as Canada or Mexico, to enter the United States for the purpose of transshipment. Known as a T&E entry.Vessel Repair Entry The law known as the "Foreign Vessel Repair Statute" provides that when any repairs in a foreign country are made on a vessel documented under the laws of the United States, an ad valorem duty of 50% is imposed on the cost of repair, including labor and labor costs, when the vessel arrives in the United States. All equipment, parts, or materials purchased, and repairs made, outside the United States must be declared on Customs Form 226 (CF-226) and filed at the port of first arrival within 5 working days.

Customs House Broker (ChB)

Agent representative licensed by FMC who negotiates customs clearance for import cargo on behalf of the Consignee through U.S. Customs.

Customs InvoiceDocument required by the customs in an importing country in which an exporter states the invoice or other price, and specifies costs for freight, insurance and packing etc., terms of delivery and payment, for the purpose of determining the customs value and assessment of duties in the importing country.

Customs StationArea where containers are brought for Customs inspection.

Customs ValueThe cargo value expressed in a monetary amount, for a shipment declared to Customs for duty and statistical reasons.

Customs WarehouseWhere cargo is temporarily stored awaiting inspection or where cargo is stored when seized by Customs for lack of permit/entry.

Cut OffLast possible date cargoes may be delivered to a ship or a designated point.

CYGoto : Container Yard.

CY/CFSFull container, stuffed by a Shipper at origin and delivered to a pier facility at destination where it is devanned by the Carrier for subsequent delivery.

CY/CYFull container, stuffed by Shipper at origin and delivered to Carrier’s terminal for vessel loading and discharged at destination terminal for pick up and unstuffing by Consignee.

Cycle CountCounting inventory by checking a particular location or set of locations and comparing the physical counts with the system-maintained inventory levels.

Cycle TimeThe amount of time it takes to complete a business process. For example, the amount of time from when a service is ordered until it is received by the customer.

Cycle Time ReductionThe process of reducing cycle time, cutting costs and improveing customer service.

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DADDelivery Authorised Documents. ® Delivery Order.

DAFGoto : Delivered At Frontier

Damage ReportForm on which physical damage to containers is recorded.

Damaged Cargo ReportWritten statement establishing damages to cargo and/or equipment.

Dangerous GoodsCargo of a hazardous nature as classified under IMO regulations.

Dangerous Goods DeclarationDocument issued by a Shipper in accordance with applicable conventions or regulations, describing hazardous goods or materials for transport purposes, and certifying that the latter have been packed and labelled in accordance with the provisions of the prevailing conventions or regulations.

Dangerous Goods Packing CertificateA document as part of the dangerous goods declaration in which the responsible party declares that the cargo has been stowed in accordance with the rules in a clean container according to the IMDG regulations and properly secured.

DCDangerous Cargo

DCCDocumentation Control Centre

DCRDangerous Cargo Request

D/DDoor/Door

DDC (Destination Delivery Charge)A charge assessed by the Carrier for handling positioning of a full container within the container yard.

DDUGoto : Delivered Duty Unpaid

Deadweight (DWT)The total weight of cargo, cargo equipment, bunkers, provisions, water, stores and spare parts which a vessel is designed to carry. The Deadweight is expressed in tons.

Dedicated Service A service specially designed for the use by one or more particular customers.

Deep TankTank fitted and equipped for the carriage of liquids in bulk.

Delinquent ListAccounts owing money past due; issued by Carrier if monies are outstanding past credit agreement terms.

Delivered At Frontier (DAF)Means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport not unloaded, cleared for export, but not cleared for import at the named point and place at the frontier, but before the customs border of the adjoining country. The term «frontier» may be used for any frontier including that of the country of export. Therefore, it is of vital importance that the frontier in question be defined precisely by always naming the point and place in the term. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport when goods are to be delivered at a land frontier. When delivery is to take place in the port of destination, on board a vessel or on the quay (wharf), the DES or DEQ terms should be used. (*)

Delivered Duty Paid (DDP)Means that the seller delivers the goods to the buyer, cleared for import, and not unloaded from any arriving means of transport at the named place of destination. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto including, where applicable, any «duty» (which term includes the responsibility for and the risk of the carrying out of customs formalities and the payment of formalities, customs duties, taxes and other charges) for import in the country of destination. If the parties wish the buyer to bear all risks and costs of the import, the DDU term should be used. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport but when delivery is to take place in the port of destination on board the vessel or on the quay (wharf), the DES or DEQ terms should be used. (*)

Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU)Means that the seller delivers the goods to the buyer, not cleared for import, and not unloaded from any arriving means of transport at the named place of destination. The seller has to bear the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto, other than, where applicable, any «duty» (which term includes the responsibility for and the risks of the carrying out of customs formalities, and the payment of formalities, customs duties, taxes and other charges) for import in the country of destination. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport but when delivery is to take place in the port of destination on board the vessel or on the quay (wharf), the DES or DEQ terms should be used. (*)

Delivered Ex Ship (DES)Means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship not cleared for import at the named port of destination. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named port of destination before discharging. If the parties wish the seller to bear the costs and risks of discharging the goods, then the DEQ term should be used. This term can be used only when the goods are to be delivered by sea or inland waterway or multimodal transport on a vessel in the port of destination. (*)

Delivered Ex Quay (DEQ)means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer not cleared for import on the quay (wharf) at the named port of destination. The seller has to bear costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named port of destination and discharging the goods on the quay (wharf). The DEQ term requires the buyer to clear the goods for import and to pay for all formalities, duties, taxes and other charges upon import. This term can be used only when the goods are to be delivered by sea or inland waterway or multimodal transport on discharging from a vessel onto the quay (wharf) in the port of destination. However if the parties wish to include in the seller's obligations the risks and costs of the handling of the goods from the quay to another place (warehouse, terminal, etc.) in or outside the port, the DDU or DDP terms should be used. (*)

DeliveryThe process of delivering the shipment to the Consignee at the agreed place.

Delivery NoteA document evidencing the delivery of a shipment to a Consignee. Delivery OrderA document issued by or on behalf of the Carrier authorising the release of import cargo to Consignee.

Delivery OrderOrder from the consignee, shipper, or owner of freight to a terminal operator, carrier, or warehouse to deliver freight to another party. On imports, may also be known as a pier release.

Delivery PartyThe party to which the shipment is to be delivered.

Demand ChainAnother name for the supply chain, with emphasis on the customer or party controlling demand.

Demise CharterA contract whereby the shipowner leases his vessel to the Charterer for a period of time during which the use and management of the vessel passes to the Charterer, who pays all expenses for the manning, operation and maintenance of the vessel.

DemurrageAdditional charge imposed for exceeding the free time included in the freight rate for the use of equipment.

DepotA location designated by the Carrier where empty containers are kept in stock and received from or delivered to the container operators or Shippers/Consignees.

DEQGoto : Delivered Ex Quay

DerrickLifting equipment on a conventional vessel for loading and discharging cargo, consisting of a vertical

post attached to the deck and an inclined boom.

DESGoto : Delivered Ex Ship

Det Norske VeritasNorwegian classification society.

DetentionKeeping equipment beyond the free time allowed.See also : Demurrage.

Detention ChargeCharges levied on usage of equipment exceeding free time period.

DeteriorationThe downgrading of a product due to prolonged storage, or damages resulting from external influences.

DevanningGoto : Stripping, Unstuffing.

D/IDirect Information

DifferentialAmount added or deducted from base rate to make a rate to or from some other point or via another route.

Direct ConsignmentOne company shipping directly to another without third party involvement.

Direct DeliveryDirect discharge from vessel onto railroad car, road vehicle or barge.

Direct InterchangeTransfer of leased containers from one lessee to another.

DisbursementSums paid on behalf of a Carrier by a ship's agent at a port and subsequently recovered from the Carrier.

DischargeThe unloading of a vessel, vehicle, or aircraft.

Discharge PortPort where cargo is unloaded from vessel.

DisplacementThe weight of the quantity of water displaced by the vessel.

DistributionThe full range of activities and planning required to move a product from the production line to the end user.

Distribution Requirements PlanningA system of determining demand for inventory at distribution centers, consolidating the demand information backwards, and acting as input to the production and material system.

DITDestination Interchange Terminal - The facility operated by the ocean carrier or his agent at which containers are interchanged with the delivering motor carrier.

Diversion ChargeFee for diverting cargo from one discharge port to another.

DOCDrop-off Charge

DockWhere vessel positions itself to load/unload.

Dock Receipt (DR)Document issued by a shipping line acknowledging receipt of goods for shipment.

Documentary CreditThe basis of international trade by means of which payment is made against surrender of the original transport documents (B/L).

Double Stack CarRail car capable of carrying two FFE, one on top of each other.

Double Stack TrainA number of railway wagons, usually a block train, on which containers can be stacked two-high.

Down TimeThe period of time during which a machine is not available due operational failure or lack of maintenance.

Draft (Draught)The draft of a vessel is the vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of the keel of the vessel.

Draft (Bill of Exchange)A written order for a certain sum of money to be transferred on a certain date.

Draft Sight and TimeSight Draft (S/D): A draft so drawn as to be payable upon presentation to the drawee or at a fixed or determination date thereafter.Time Draft: A draft so drawn as to mature at a certain fixed time after presentation or acceptance.

DraughtGoto : Draft.

Drawback99% refund of imported, duty paid materials, which are to be exported.

DrayageHaulage of containers over the road via truck.

Dry BoxGoto : Container.

Dry-dockFacility used to lay up vessels for maintenance and/or repair.

Dry ReeferReefer container used to carry dry cargo not requiring temperature control.

D/SDouble Stack

D.S.Dansk Standard

DSTDouble Stack Train

DunnageStowage material, mainly timber or board, used to prevent damage to cargo during carriage.

Duty DrawbackPayment returned for cargoes re-exported or trade show material returned. A Customs refund on re-exported cargo.

DWTGoto : Deadweight.

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EANEAN barcodes are used when the country origin needs to be known. There are 13 digits in EAN 13 where the first two characters are used to define the country of origin,. the next ten are data, followed by the checksum. Both 2 and 5 digit supplementals are also supported.

EAN8EAN barcodes are used when the country origin needs to be known. There are 8 digits in EAN 8 where the first two characters are used to define the country of origin,. the next 5 are data,

followed by the checksum. Both 2 and 5 digit supplementals are also supported.

EarningsIncome after a company´s taxes and all other expenses have been paid. Also called profit or net income.

ECDEmpty Container Depot.

Economic Value Added (EVA)Measuring Shareholder value as a company´s operating profits after tax, less a charge for the capital used in creating the profits. EVA is a registered trademark of Stern & Co. in the U.S.

ECUEuropean Currency Unit.

EDIGoto : Electronic Data Interchange.

EDPGoto : Electronic Data Processing.

EDREquipment Damage Receipt

EIRGoto : Equipment Interchange Receipt.

Elcee (L/C)Goto : Letter of Credit.

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)Document transfer by computer to computer from one company to another.

Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport (EDIFACT)The ISO application level syntax rules for the structuring of user data and of the associated service data in the interchange of messages in an open environment.

Electronic Data Processing (EDP)The computerised handling of data (e.g. business data).

EmbargoA government order prohibiting the entry or departure of commercial vessels or merchandise at its ports.

EndorsementThe transfer of the right to obtain delivery of the goods from the Carrier by means of the Consignee's signature on the reverse side of a Bill of Lading.

EqualisationCompensation for additional charges incurred by the Shipper for delivering cargo to port designated by the Carrier other than the closest port to the supplier.

Equipment Interchange Receipt (EIR)Physical inspection and transfer receipt of a container.

Error ListReport showing discrepancies (errors) in data input.

ETAEstimated Time of Arrival.

ETCEquipment Transfer Charges

ETDEstimated Time of Departure

ETSExpected Time of Sailing

Ex Works (EXW)means that the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller's premises or another named place (i.e. works, factory, warehouse, etc.) not cleared for export and not loaded on any collecting vehicle. This term thus represents the minimum obligation for the seller, and the buyer has to bear all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller's premises. (*)

Exemption ClauseA clause in a contract relieving the Carrier from responsibility for certain events.

Export Dec.Export Declaration (Shippers) Bureau of Census document which spells out shipment details for entry to government statistical system. Documents for export shipping declaring value of cargo to U.S. Customs.

Export DocumentsThe documents required to export a shipment.

Extra LoaderAdditional vessel brought into schedule to cater for e.g. seasonal fluctuations.

EXWGoto : Ex Works

EZCEuropean Zone Charges

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F A BFeatures, Advantages, Benefits. · Feature - facts about the product itself. · Advantage - what it does. · Benefits - rewards for the customer, its value. Selling points which must be personalised (you, yours) for full effectiveness

FACForwarding Agents Commission

FAFFuel Adjustment Factor

FairwayA navigable channel for vessels, often the prescribed route a vessel will follow to avoid danger.

FAKGoto : Freight All Kinds.

FASGoto : Free Alongside Ship

FCAGoto : Free Carrier

FCLGoto : Full Container Load.

Federal Maritime Commission (FMC)U.S. Government agency responsible for overseeing regulatory aspects of the Shipping Act.

FeederThe transportation vehicle utilised to relay cargo from mother vessel to ultimate destination, usually a small container vessel.

FenderAn appliance made of rubber, timber and/or rope or other materials normally attached to a dock or quay used to prevent damage to the hull of a vessel during operations.

FEQ / FFEForty-foot Equivalent.

FEUGoto : Forty Foot Equivalent Unit.

FFFreight Forwarder. Federally licensed (by FMC) company that handles documentation details for Shipper of export cargo (U.S.).

Fifth WheelCircular bearing mechanism, secured on the rear of the chassis of a truck that engages and locks the semi-trailer to the truck.

FIRFinancial Information Reporting

FlagAn indication of the country in which a vessel is registered.

Flag WaiverPermission from government to carry cargo otherwise reserved for a particular flag Carrier.

Flash PointThe lowest temperature at which a commodity produces enough vapour to form a flammable mixture with air.

FlatGoto : Flat Rack.

Flat Bed TrailerA wheeled trailer or a semi-trailer with a flat cargo carrying surface.

Flat CarRailroad car on which container or container/chassis is placed.

Flat RackA flat bed 20’ op 40’ container with fixed or collapsible ends suitable for the carriage of cargo of excessive width and plated for carriage of heavy loads.

FlexitanksA polythene "bag" which can be fitted inside a 20' container for the transportation of non-hazardous liquids.

Floating CraneHeavy-duty cranes brought in to handle cargo when unable to use gantry crane. A crane mounted on a barge or pontoon, which can be towed or is self-propelled.

Floating DockA floating structure which can be partially submerged to enable vessels to enter and leave the structure for use as a dry dock.

FMC

Federal Maritime Commission. U.S. regulatory body affecting ocean-going Carriers. U.S. government body that oversees all maritime rules and regulations.

FMC No.Number assigned by government identifying tariffs, trade agreements, and authorising a freight forwarder to operate.

FOB Goto : Free On Board.

Force Majeure (Act of God)Circumstances beyond the control of one of the parties to a contract which may, depending on the terms and conditions of the contract, relieve that party of liability for failing to execute such contract.

Fork Lift TruckA mechanical truck with forks at the front designed for lifting, carrying and stowing cargo.

Forty Foot Equivalent Unit (FEU)Unit of measurement equivalent to one forty foot container.

Forwarder (Freight Forwarder)The party arranging the carriage of goods and connected services and/or associated formalities on a Shipper or Consignee's behalf.

Franc PoincaréValue unit in which the limitation of the Carrier's liability may be expressed. One franc Poincaré consists of 65.5 milligram of gold with a fineness of 900/1000.

FranchiseAmount which in case of damage is borne by the insured.

Free Alongside Ship (FAS)Means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment. The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. (*)

Free Carrier (FCA)Means that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. It should be noted that the chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place. If delivery occurs at the seller's premises, the seller is responsible for loading. If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport. (*)

Free In and Out (FIO)Transport term signifying that the freight rate excludes the costs of loading/discharging, stowage, and lashing.

Free In Liner Out (FILO)Transport term signifying that the freight rate is inclusive of the ocean carriage and the cost of discharging, the latter usually as per the custom of the port. It excludes the cost of loading, stowage, and lashing.

Free On Board (FOB)Means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship's rail, the FCA term should be used. (*)

Free PratiquePermission granted by local medical authorities, meaning that the vessel has a clean Bill of Health allowing people to embark and disembark.

Free TimeStorage allowed at Carrier facility without penalties assessed.

FreightThe amount of money due for transporting the goods, payable either in advance or upon delivery.

Freight All Kinds (FAK)Single freight which is charged irrespective of the commodity.

Freight CashierResponsible for collections of freight/charges/release of cargo/release of Bills of Lading.

Freight ClaimFormal letter with supporting documents, i.e., B/L, D/R, temperature chart, etc., making claim against Carrier for lost or damaged cargo.

Freight CollectFreight and charges be paid at destination (by the Consignee).

Freight ForwarderGoto : Forwarder.

Freight InvoiceAn itemised list of cargo shipped and services rendered listing charges involved.

Freight ManifestA summary of cargoes stating all freight particulars.

Freight PrepaidFreight and charges to be paid by the Shipper.

Freight TonA unit for freighting cargo according to weight and/or cubic measurement.

Freighted B/LA Bill of Lading that lists all charges pertaining to cargo movement from origin to destination.

FreighterA vessel used for the carriage of cargo.

Full Container Load (FCL)A container stuffed or stripped under risk and for account of the Shipper and/or the Consignee.

Fully Cellular ContainershipA vessel specially designed to carry containers, with cell-guides below deck and necessary fittings and equipment on deck.

FumigationTreating of cargoes with gases to exterminate vermin.

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G/AGoto : General Average.

GangA number of workmen acting together especially for performing manual tasks in connection with loading and/or discharging of a vessel by means of the necessary gear.

GangwayBridge/staircase laid from an opening in the railing or side of a vessel to the shore or to a platform giving access to the vessel.

Gantry CraneA crane or hoisting machine mounted on a structure spanning an intervening space, which often travels on rails.

Gear & TackleShip’s equipment used to level, secure and brace cargo for loading/unloading from vessel.

General Average (G/A)Intentional act or sacrifice which is carried out to safeguard vessel and cargo. If the maritime venture is in peril and the Captain decides to sacrifice the ship or cargo for the common good, then all parties who gain by the safe completion of the voyage make a contribution to reimburse those who have suffered from the sacrifice. Measures taken for the sole benefit of any

particular interest are not considered general average.

General Average StatementStatement showing details of all general average costs and expenses and the contribution of each interest in the general average in proportion to its value.

General CargoCargo, consisting of merchandise, unpacked or packed in cartons, crates, bags or bales, often palletised. General cargo can be shipped either in Breakbulk or stuffed in containers.

Gen-set (Genset)Generator used to provide power to regulate temperature in a reefer container; can be run on its own fuel or plugs provided on pier/vessel.

Germanischer LloydGerman classification society.

GOGeneral Order Cargo seized by Customs due to failure on the part of Consignee to make Customs entry within allotted free time (U.S.).

GO WarehouseA Customs warehouse utilised when cargo goes into General Order due to lack of permit/entry filed (U.S.).

GodownA warehouse or cargo shed. (Far East).

GooseneckGooseneck shaped front end of a trailer or chassis.

GPGeneral Purpose

GRIGeneral Rate Increase.

Gross Tonnage (GRT)A volume measure of the overall size of a vessel determined in accordance with the provisions of the international convention on measurement of vessels usually expressed in register ton.

Gross WeightWeight (mass) of cargo including packing, but excluding the Carrier's equipment.

Gross Weight of ContainerTotal weight of container including cargo.

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Hague RulesInternational convention for the unification of rules, pertaining to Bills of Lading (1924). These Rules describe the responsibilities of ocean Carriers.

Hague-Visby RulesSet of rules, published in 1968, amending the Hague Rules.

Hamburg RulesUnited Nations Convention on the carriage of goods by sea of 1978 adopted in 1992.

H/PHouse to Pier. Shipper loaded container that will be de-consolidated at destination terminal for distribution.

Hanger BeamBeam affixed with hanging, looped rope utilised to hang clothing in a hangertainer.

HangertainerSpecialised container equipped with hanger beams for the purpose of stowing garments.

HarbourPlace of shelter for vessels used as an indication for the geographical location.

Hatch CoverWatertight means of closing the hatchway of a vessel.

Hatch WayOpening in the deck of a vessel through which cargo is loaded into, or discharged from the hold and which is closed by means of a hatch cover.

HaulageThe inland carriage of cargo or containers between named locations.

HaulierRoad Carrier.

HBDHarbour Dues. Assessment by Port Authorities when vessels enter harbour.

Heated StorageWarehouse specifically heated to protect bottled cargo.

Heavy Lift (H/L)Single commodity exceeding the capacity of normal loading equipment and requiring special equipment and rigging methods for handling. Pieces of cargo normally weighing in excess of 8,960 lbs.

Heavy Lift Charge (HLC)

Additional tariff charge assessed for use of special heavy-duty machine to handle heavy cargo.

Heavy Lift VesselA vessel specially designed and equipped for the carriage of heavy cargoes.

High Cube Container (HC)Container 40’ in length 9’ 6" height.

HinterlandAn inland area served by a particular port.

HoldThe space below the deck of a vessel used to carry cargo.

Home PortThe port of registration of a vessel.

House to House (H/H)Another term for CY/CY.

HullOuter shell of a vessel, usually made of steel plates.

HubTransshipment point in a service network, which serves points beyond that of a particular service by means of feeder vessels.

HusbandingTaking care of a vessel's non cargo related operations as instructed the by the master or owner of the vessel.

HustlerTractor that pulls containers around the pier for positioning.

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IAIndependent Action. A Carrier can take an independent action in a conference resulting in a unique rate for that Carrier within a conference (to and from the USA); ability to file a rate independently of other Carrier’s action.

ICSGoto: International Chamber of Shipping (ICS)

IETInter European Transport

IHCInland Haulage Charge. Cost to move a container to an inland destination.

IHLInland Haulage

IHTInland Haulage Tariff

ILAInternational Longshoremen’s Association. Union for dock workers on the U.S. East Coast and Gulf.

ILWUInternational Longshoremen Workers Union. Union for dock workers on the U.S. West Coast.

IMDG CodeGoto : International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code.

IMOGoto : International Maritime Organisation.

Inbound Doc.Inbound Documentation.

Incoterms RUN PROGRAMTrade terms in coded form as established by the International Chamber of Commerce in 1953, last updated in 1990. The terms represent a set of international rules for the interpretation of the principal terms of delivery used in trade contracts.

IndemnificationCompensation for expenses incurred as a result of suffered losses or damages.

Independent CarrierCarrier that is not a member of a conference.

Inland PointCity with no port; landlocked city.

InterchangeTransfer of a container from one party to another.

Interchange AgreementContract between two steamship companies or between a steamship company and a trucker which legally permits interchange of equipment.

IntercoastalAs opposed to coastal water operations, intercoastal refers to water transport carried out between coasts (e.g. between U.S. Pacific and Atlantic coasts).

IntercontainerA co-operative formed by 19 European Railways, for the management of international rail container traffic in Europe.

International Chamber of Shipping (ICS)A voluntary organisation of national Shipowner's associations with the objective of promoting member interests, primarily in the technical and legal fields of shipping operations.

International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code)A code, representing the classification of dangerous goods as defined by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) in compliance with international legal requirements.

International Maritime Organisation (IMO)A United Nations agency concerned with safety at sea. Its work includes codes and rules pertaining to tonnage measurement of vessels, load lines, pollution and the carriage of hazardous goods. Previous name: Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation (IMCO).

International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)A world-wide federation of national standards institutes (ISO member bodies).

InvoiceA statement from a supplier, for goods and/or services supplied by him.

IPIInland Points Intermodal. Inland carriage by another mode of transportation after port discharge; cargo moving to/from an inland point (synonym for micro-bridge). (Reverse IPI - same as above except cargo moves overland to another port not in the natural flow necessitating longer water transit).

IT (In Transit)Type of Customs document governing movement of in transit (bonded) cargo.

ITCInland Transportation Charge.

ISOGoto : International Organisation for Standardisation

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JettyA mole or breakwater, built into the sea to protect the harbour or coast.

JHTAJapan Harbour Transportation Association

Jib a. Projecting arm of a crane. b. Attachment connected to the top of a crane boom.

JITJust in Time

JOCJournal of Commerce (U.S.) A trade publication. Trade transportation journal.

JOC StatsJournal of Commerce Statistics. Statistics indicating cargo movement over specific period from specific port. (U.S.)

Joint VentureA joint activity of two or more companies, usually performed under a common name.

Jumbo-isedThe enlargement of a vessel f. inst. through the insertion of one or more sections.

JurisprudenceJuridical decisions used for explanation and meaning of law.

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KgsKilograms (equivalent to 2.205 lbs.)

KnotUnit of measurement for the speed of a vessel equal to a nautical mile (= 1852 metres) per hour.

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Laden On BoardStatement on a Bill of Lading which indicates that a shipment has been loaded on board a vessel.

Land BridgeCross-country rail service connecting two ocean ports.

LARSLocal Accounts Receivable System. Used for per diem/repairs and demurrage.

Lasha. To hold cargo in position by the use of wires, ropes, chains, rods and straps.

b. Goto : Lighter Aboard Ship.

Lash BargeType of barge carried by Lash vessels.

Lashing EquipmentVarious types of equipment used to secure containers/cargo on board vessel.

LatitudeThe angular distance of a position on its meridian north or south from the equator, measured in degrees ('a vessel at 25 degrees north latitude').

L/CGoto : Letter of Credit.

LCLGoto : Less than Container Load.

Lead TimeThe time elapsed between the request of a service and the actual provision of such service.

LeaseA contract by which one party gives to another party the use of equipment, f. inst. containers, for a specified time against fixed payments.

Leasing ContractA contract for the leasing of property or equipment.

Less than Container Load (LCL)A general reference for cargo in any quantity intended for container carriage, where stuffing/unstuffing is carried out by the line, but where an LCL container usually consists of multiple consignments.

Letter of Credit (L/C) (ELCEE)A written undertaking by a bank (issuing bank) given to the seller (beneficiary) at the request, and on the instructions of the buyer (applicant) to pay at sight or at a given future date up to a stated sum of money, within a prescribed time limit and against a stipulated set of documents (including the original Bill of Lading).

Letter of IndemnityA letter indemnifying a company the Carrier from the consequences associated in the release of goods without an original Bill of Lading. This practise should be exercised with extreme caution, and cannot be recommended.

L/GGoto : Company Guarantee.

LiabilityLegal responsibility for the consequences of certain acts or omissions.

License CargoCargo necessitating a license to move.

LienGoto : Carriers’ Lien.

LighterGoto : Barge.

Lighter Aboard Ship (Lash)A vessel specially designed to carry lighters (barges).

LighterageThe carriage of goods within a port area by a barge.

LinerVessel engaged in regular liner trade.

LinerbagBag, usually made of plastic, used to line the inside of containers for subsequent stowage of dry bulk commodities (nuts, cocoa beans etc.)

Liner ConferenceGoto : Conference

Liner ServiceCarrier advertises fixed schedule of services; port calls usually not made on inducement basis.

Liner Shipping CompanyA company transporting cargo over sea in a regular service.

Liner TermsCondition of carriage according to which thet costs for loading and unloading are borne by the Carrier.

Liner ServiceA regular service which according to a pre-defined schedule serves a number of regular ports within a trade.

Live ReeferReefer container used for transport of temperature-controlled cargo (as opposed to dry Reefer).

Lloyd's Register of ShippingBritish classification society.

LNG CarrierLiquefied Natural Gas Carrier.

Load ListGoto : Container Stuffing List (CSL).

Load PortPort where cargo is actually loaded on vessel.

LoadmasterA device (calculator or computer) designed for a vessel approved by a classification bureau for the calculation of the vessel’s stability.

Log BookThe daily report of all events and other relevant particulars of a vessel and attested by proper authorities as a true record.

Long LengthAny piece of cargo exceeding 40’ in length.

LongitudeThe angular distance of a position on the equator east or west of the standard Greenwich meridian up to 180o east or west.

LO/LOLift On Lift Off

Low BoySpecial trailer used to accommodate over height cargo with flat bed, approximately 12’ above ground.

LS or LMLump Sum. A freight rate which is inclusive of all charges.

LTLong Ton (equivalent to 2,240 lbs.)

Lump-sumAn agreed sum of money, which is paid in full at one time.

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Mafi TrailerGerman brand name trailer with solid rubber wheels used for RoRo purposes.

Maiden TripFirst voyage of a vessel after delivery to her owner(s).

ManifestA cumulative list of Bills of Lading for official and administrative purposes, drawn up by the agents in the place of loading

Marks & NumbersThe identifying detail on a package. Actual markings which appear on packages.

Mate's ReceiptA document signed by the chief officer of a vessel acknowledging the receipt of a certain shipment on board. Remarks can be made as to the order and condition of the consignment.

MCBRMixed Commodity Box Rate

Measurement TonA ton of one cubic metre water.

Memo B/LA Bill of Lading issued for in-house purposes for cargo short shipped or loaded in advance of issuance of full Bill of Lading.

MerchantShipper and/or Consignee and anyone acting on their behalf, owning or entitled to possession of the goods.

Merchant Haulage (MH)Inland transport of cargo in containers arranged and paid by the Merchant under Merchant’s responsibility.

MHCMobile Harbour Crane.

Micro-BridgeCargo moves via land from/to inland point; another term for IPI..

Minimum B/LThe least amount you can charge per individual Bill of Lading.

Minimum ChargeThe lowest amount which applies to the transport of a consignment, irrespective of weight or volume.

MLBMiniland Bridge. Cargo moves port to port via land; port to port via rail; port destination served overland by rail.

Mother VesselMain vessel in a liner service designated to move containers from set origin points to set destination points on a regular basis.

Motor BridgeCargo that moves via truck overland to U.S. West Coast.

MTMetric Ton (equivalent to 2,204.62 lbs. or 35.314 cft.)

MTGMeeting

Multi Purpose VesselVessel designed for the carriage of different types of cargo: general, bulk, heavy and/or containerised cargo.

Multimodal TransportThe carriage of cargo (containers) by means of at least two different modes of transport.

Multimodal Transport DocumentGoto : Combined Transport Document.

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NAINet All In

NegligenceCareless action or omission which may cause injury, damage or loss.

NegotiableIn terms of documents, "negotiable" means that e.g. a Bill of Lading may be sold to another party whereby the ownership of the cargo is transferred by means of an endorsement of the Bill of Lading to the order of the other party whom is subsequently entitled to take possession of the goods.

Net Tonnage (NRT)A volume measure of the useful capacity of a vessel determined in accordance with the provisions of the international convention on tonnage measurement of vessels.

Net WeightThe weight of the merchandise, excluding all packing.

Neutral BodyInvestigation body designated by conference Carriers to insure that conference rules are adhered to.

NOENot Otherwise Enumerated.

Non-Conference CarrierOutsider or independent Carrier not a member of the Conference.

Non-Negotiable B/LCopy of original B/L which cannot be negotiated with bank.

Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC)A party who undertakes to carry goods and issues in his own name a Bill of Lading for such carriage, without having the availability of any own means of transport.

No ShowCargo that fails to appear for the vessel it was originally booked.

NOSNot Otherwise Specified.

Notice of ReadinessWritten document or telex issued by the master of a vessel to the Charterer advising them the time at which a vessel is ready to load or discharge.

Notify AddressAddress of the party (other than the Consignee) to be advised of the arrival of the goods.

Notify PartyCompany/person who appears on the Bill of Lading to be notified when cargo arrives. Could be different from Consignee – usually actual receiver of goods.

NTVNet to Vessel. Yield towards the contribution to fixed expenses. Freight revenue minus variable costs.

NVOCCGoto : Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier.

NYSANew York Shipper Association

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OBOn Board.

OBLOriginal Bill of Lading.

O/COncarriage. Movement of cargo by connecting Carrier to ultimate destination.

OCPOverland Common Point.

Off-Dock LocationDepot at a distance from the main terminal used to load/unload cargo -truck/rail and delivery of cargo to Consignee.

OH CraneOverhead crane.

Oil Bulk Ore Vessel (OBO-Vessel)A vessel designed for the carriage of dry or liquid bulk cargo.

On Board B/LA Bill of Lading where a Carrier acknowledges that goods have been placed on board a certain vessel.

OncarriageThe carriage of cargo (containers) by any mode of transport to the final place of delivery after discharge from the ocean vessel at the port of discharge.

On Deck StowageCargo stowed on deck of vessel.

OOGGoto : Out of Gauge Cargo.

Open RatesRates established for each individual Carrier (U.S.). These rates although in the same tariff may differ according to Carrier.

Open Side ContainerContainer with frames with mesh at the sides covered by a tarpaulin which can be pulled away to give unrestricted sideways access to the container for stuffing or stripping.

Open Top ContainerA dry freight container with a tarpaulin roof normally supported on movable or removable roof bows.

OperatorThe party responsible for the operational management of premises or equipment such as warehouses, terminals, and vessels.

Optional CargoCargo for which the final destination will be declared during transport.

Optional PortA port which may or may not be called by a vessel during a voyage, depending on available cargo volumes.

OSTDOutturn Shortage and Damage Report. Cargo short and damaged reported at discharge port.

OutboundExport shipments.

Out of Gauge Cargo (OOG cargo)Cargo which dimensions exceed the normal dimensions of a container, whether in

length, width, height, or a combination of same.

OutsiderA Carrier which operates in a Trade route served by a Liner Conference but which is not a member of that Conference.

Outturn ReportWritten statement issued by a stevedore detailing the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel along with any discrepancies in the quantity compared with the vessel's manifest.

Outward DocDepartment responsible for issuance/dispatch of all export documents.

OvercarrierA Carrier within a consortium who carries cargo beyond his allotted share.

Overheight CargoCargo exceeding the standard height (of an open-top container/flatrack).

Over LandedCargo taken beyond original port of discharge.

Overlength CargoCargo exceeding the standard length (of a flatrack/ATD).

Over The Road LimitationsState or country regulations for weight limits allowed per container/truckload.

OvertimeWork extending beyond normal established working hours usually compensated by a premium to be paid to the employees concerned.

Overwidth CargoCargo exceeding the standard width (of a flatrack/ATD).

OwnerThe legal owner of cargo, equipment or vessels, trucks, etc.

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P & I ClubGoto : Protection and Indemnity Club.

Packing ListDocument listing the contents of each individual package.

PalletA platform, usually made of wood, on which merchandise can be stacked in order to facilitate the handling by a forklift or sling.

Panamax SizeThe maximum dimensions of a vessel capable to transit the Panama Canal.

Partlow ChartA chart which indicates temperature reading in a reefer container.

PayloadThe load carried in a container against which freight rates are levied.

Pentle HookSteel pivot upon which chassis and cab are connected.

Per DiemCosts per day. Charge on container held by customers for an extended time; charges levied upon a trucker due to late return of equipment

P/HPier to House. Cargo received at pier loaded in a container and picked up at destination terminal intact by Consignee.

PierGoto : quay.

PiggybackThe carriage of trailers on railway wagons.

PilferagePetty stealing of merchandise from a ship's hold, containers, terminal, cargo shed or warehouse.

PilotLocal expert advising a vessel's captain on safe navigation.

Place of DeliveryThe location where a shipment is delivered to the Consignee; the place where Carrier's liability for the transport ceases.

Place of ReceiptThe location where a shipment is received by the Carrier from the Shipper; the place where Carrier's liability for the transport commences.

Plimsoll MarkA mark, welded on both sides of the vessel, indicating the limit to which a vessel may be loaded, depending on the specific gravity of the water in which the vessel is located.

PONCPrice of Non Conformance.

PortHarbour with facilities for vessels to moor and load or discharge.

Port of CallPlace where a vessel actually moors during a voyage.

Port of DischargeThe port where the cargo is actually discharged from the vessel.

Port of LoadingThe port where the cargo is actually loaded on board the vessel.

Portal CraneA type of gantry crane with vertical legs of sufficient height and width to allow trucks/chassis or railroad equipment to pass between the legs.

PositioningThe transport of equipment from a depot to Shipper's premises or from Consignee's premises.

Poultry BridgeA miniland bridge movement set up for poultry.

P/P (CFS/CFS)Pier to Pier. Cargo movement delivered loose to pier at origin point and picked up loose at destination terminal.

PPDPrepaid.

PrecarriageThe carriage of cargo by any mode of transport from the place of receipt to the port of loading into the ocean vessel.

PrecarrierThe carrier by which the cargo is moved prior to the port of loading.

Prepaid Bill of LadingA Bill of Lading stating that freight has to be paid prior to the Bill of Lading being released to Shipper or Shipper’s designated party.

Prepaid CollectShipper is responsible for ocean freight charges prepaid at destination. Money to be paid at destination prior to release of Bills of Lading (at origin).

Pre-slingingThe act of grouping goods in slings for subsequent loading into and discharging from a conventional vessel.

Pre-trip Inspection (PTI)A technical inspection of Reefer containers prior to their being positioned for stuffing.

PricingThe process of establishing freight rates for particular shipments.

PrincipalParty for whom another acts as agent.

Priority AccountMajor account with volume potential/performance deserving special attention.

Product CarrierVessel specially designed for the transport of refined petroleum products.

Pro Forma InvoiceDraft invoice sent to an importer by the exporter prior to order confirmation and shipment to assist in matters relating to obtaining import licences or foreign exchange allocations, or to advise the value of a shipment for the purposes of opening Letters of Credit.

ProcurementThe process of acquiring material and/or services in the desired quantity, quality, place and time from a supplier.

Profit CentreAn organisational unit held responsible for its own profits and losses.

Project CargoCargo of various categories connected to the same project, f. inst. construction of a cement factory.

Project RatesFreight Rates established for a specific project.

Proof of DeliveryA receipt signed by the Consignee upon delivery.

Protection and Indemnity Club (P&I Club)A mutual association of shipowners who by means of contributions provide protection against liabilities.

Public WarehouseA warehouse available to all companies and persons who wish to make use of the services offered.

Purchase OrderAn order from a customer to a supplier for specific quantity of goods, materials, services or products at agreed terms of delivery and prices.

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QITQuality Improvement Team

QuarantineThe period during which a vessel, its equipment, cargo, crew or passengers, suspected to carry or carrying a contagious disease is detained in isolation to prevent the spread of such a disease.

Quay (Pier)The part of a wharf intended for the mooring of vessels.

QuotaA control system for imports, exports or production by specifying certain limitation.

QuotationOffer providing the price according to tariff for certain services to be provided or issued to a customer with specification on conditions for carriage.

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Rail PigA railroad-owned container (trailer).

Rail RampAn inclined path used to unload rail cars or trailers.

Rail TerminalLocation where railroad cars are parked and/or turn around.

Rail YardLocation where rail cars are concentrated for loading and unloading of containers.

RailheadLocation for loading and unloading containers at railroad terminal.

RateThe price for a transport service.

Rate AgreementGroup of Carriers which discusses rates and common problems with options to file independent tariffs.

Rate InitiativeA specific pricing proposal initiated by a member line of a Conference requiring approval of the remaining member lines of that Conference.

Received for Shipment B/LBill of Lading issued on receipt of cargo; cargo not necessarily loaded yet.

RedeliveryReturn of a charter vessel or equipment to the owners.

Reefer CargoCargo requiring temperature control.

Reefer ContainerA thermal container with refrigerating machinery (mechanical compressor unit, absorption unit etc.) to control the temperature of cargo.

Reefer PlugElectrical outlet on ship or a terminal providing electrical current for maintaining temperature.

Register TonThe unit of measurement for the internal capacity of a vessel whereby one register ton equals 100 cubic feet (2.83 cubic meter)

Return CargoCargo to be returned to original place of receipt.

Revenue TonUnit for which freight is paid; per ton or cubic metre.

RMG CraneRail mounted gantry crane.

ROERate of Exchange

ROIReturn on Investment

Roll-on Roll-off (RoRo)Principle of loading and discharging a vessel whereby the cargo is rolled on and off by means of a ramp.

RoRoGoto : Roll-on Roll-off.

RotationSequence in which a vessel calls at the ports on her schedule.

Round TripA voyage to a certain port or country and back again.

Routing

The process of determining how a shipment will be moved between Shipper and Consignee - between place of receipt and place of delivery.

RowA vertical division across a vessel, used as a part of the indication of a stowage place for containers.

ROYRest of Year

RTG CraneRubber tyred gantry crane, transteiner.

R/VRoundvoyage

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Said to Contain (STC)Term in a Bill of Lading declaring that the master and the Carrier are unaware of the nature or quantity of the goods in a container, particulars of which have been furnished by the Shipper.

Sales Call ReportLog of sales calls and pertinent information on results of sales calls.

Sales LeadAccount information for follow-up from sales, often in other locations.

Sales MeetingMeeting where past and future sales matters are discussed and planned.

Sales ProspectPossible sales accounts; sales target account.

SalvageThe saving or rescue of a vessel and/or the cargo from loss and/or damage from perils of the sea.

ScheduleA timetable comprising arrival/departure times of ocean- and feeder vessels and also inland transportation.

Schedule BU.S. Government listing to properly declare cargo; seven digit number assigned by the Bureau of Census to identify types of cargo.

Sea-Air

Movement of cargo by sea to connecting discharge port, then air-freighted to ultimate destination.

Sea Way BillNon-negotiable Bill of Lading used for through consignments; no original Bill of Lading required, proof of identity (of Consignee), only is required.

SealA numbered locking device used for containers, lockers, trucks or lorries providing proof to relevant parties that they have remained closed during transport.

SeaworthinessTerm depicting the fitness of a vessel to travel in the open seas mostly related to a particular voyage with a particular cargo.

Self-Sustained VesselVessel equipped with cranes/derricks that does not require shore equipment to load/unload cargo.

Service ContractA rate negotiable and agreed to between two parties allowing for a particular rate based on volume; written agreement between Carrier and customer for specified rate, volume, and service level by Carrier over an agreed time.

ShedGoto : Warehouse.

ShiftPart of the work-programme of a stevedoring company (a working day may have up to 3 shifts (3 x 8 = 24 hours)).

Ship BrokerActs as intermediary between shipowners or Carriers on the one hand and cargo interests on the other.

Ship’s ChandlersSuppliers of stores/provisions to the vessel.

Ship's ProtestStatement of the master concerning exceptional events which occurred during a voyage of a vessel which is lodged with the competent authorities.

ShipmentA separately identifiable collection of merchandise to be carried.See also : Consignment.

Ship operatorA ship operator is either the shipowner or the legal person responsible for the de-facto

management of a vessel and its crew.

ShipownerThe legal person officially registered as such in the vessel's certificate of registry.

ShipperThe merchant with whom a contract of carriage of goods has been concluded with a Carrier.

Shipper’s Load, Stow & CountMention on a Bill of Lading stating that the contents of a container are stowed and counted by Shipper. Cargo loaded and stowed by Shipper in container; CY load.

Shipper’s Reference NumberA Shipper ID number for a shipment.

Shipping Act of 1984Congressional legislation establishing U.S. regulations for the ocean transportation industry.

Shipping MarksThe identification shown on individual packages to enable the checking of merchandise against documents.

ShipsideCargo located alongside the vessel.

ShortageThe difference between actual available or delivered quantity and the required/documented quantity.

Short Landed Cargo volume count less than originally shipped.

Short Shipped Cargo missing vessel that originally intended for due to Carrier’s option.

Shrink WrappingPlastic wrapping around a consignment, usually a pallet, whereby a plastic film is heat-treated so as to fit snugly around the entire consignment.

SkidsBattens fitted underneath frames, boxes or packages to raise them off the floor and allow easy access for a.o. fork lift trucks.

Sleepsheet Method of loading packages in a container via a thin liner board and forklift.

Sliding Scale

Rates based on number of containers moving over a period of time. The higher the cargo volume, the lower the rate.

SlingChains, ropes, or straps used for cargo handling purposes.

SlotThe space on board a vessel, required by one 20’ or 40’container.

Slot CharterA charter whereby the shipowner agrees to place a certain number of container slots (TEU and/or FEU) at the charterer's disposal.

SpreaderDevice used for lifting containers and unitised cargo. Beam or frame that holds the slings vertical when hoisting a load.

SSSteamship

ST Short Ton (equivalent to 2,000 lbs.)

StackAn identifiable amount of containers stowed in a orderly way in one specified location.

Stack Train Train with containers placed two high on rail flat car.

StackingTo pile containers etc. on top of each other.

Stacking Cone Metal cone for guiding containers during stacking.

StackweightThe total weight of containers and cargo in a certain row.

Statutory Notice Specific time period before a rate regulation can become effective (U.S.).

STCGoto : Said To Contain.

StemThe foremost part of a vessel.

SternThe aftermost part of a vessel.

Stevedore

Terminal operator entrusted with the operation of loading and discharging vessels and various terminal activities.

Storage Charge Charge for goods held in railroad or other warehouses under fixed agreement for periods of time, and which is not included in other service arrangements.

StowageThe placing and securing of cargo or containers on board a vessel or of cargo in a container.

Stowage FactorRatio of a cargo's cubic measurement to its weight, expressed in cubic feet to the ton or cubic metres to the tonne, used in order to determine the total quantity of cargo which can be loaded in a certain space.

Stowage PlanA plan indicating the locations on the vessel of all the shipments for the benefit of stevedores and vessel's officers.

StowawayAn unwanted person who hides on board of a vessel to get free passage, to flee a country, to evade port officials etc.

Straddle CarrierWheeled vehicle designed to lift and carry shipping containers within its own framework. It is used for moving, and stacking containers at a container terminal.

Straight Frame Type of chassis used to move containers.

Stripping (Devanning, Unstuffing, Unpacking)The unloading of cargo out of a container.

STS Crane Ship to Shore Crane.

Stuffing (Vanning, Packing)The loading of cargo into a container.

Subrogation FormDocument declaring that the claimant indeed holds title to a particular cargo claim, f. inst an insurance company on behalf of a merchant.

Sufferance Warehouse Bonded Customs warehouse in Canada.

SupercargoExperienced officer assigned by the Charterer of a vessel to safeguard the effective utilisation of a vessel and protect the interests of the Charterer.

Supply VesselVessel that carries supplies from shore to platforms (drilling rigs).

SurchargeAn additional charge levied in addition to the usual or customary freight.

SurveyAn inspection of a certain item or object by a recognised or certified specialist.

SurveyorA specialist who carries out surveys.

SweeperContainer with freight to many destinations.

Switch Bill of LadingA B/L that is re-made to effect movement from discharge port to final destination.

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T & ETransfer and Entry.

T/VIITime/Volume.

TallymanA person who records the number of cargo items and/or containers together with the condition thereof at the time it is loaded into or discharged from a vessel.

Tank Container (Tanktainer)A tank, surrounded by a framework with the overall dimensions of a container designed for the transport of liquids or gasses in bulk.

TankerA vessel specially designed for the carriage of liquid cargo in bulk.

Tare Weight of ContainerMass of an empty container including all fittings and appliances associated with that particular type of container.

Target CommodityCargo with a special sales priority; cargo to be concentrated on.

TariffA schedule of rates and charges offered for ocean transportation. Rules and regulations governing a particular trade are also contained in this publication. List of rules, regulations and rates applicable to specific trade lanes.

TarpaulinWaterproof sheet, e.g. canvas, to spread over cargo to protect it from getting wet.

TerminalArea closely aligned to dock used to collect, store and dispatch containers and cargo.

Terms of FreightConditions between merchant and Carrier relating to the type of freight and charges due to the Carrier and whether these are prepaid or are to be collected.

TEUGoto : Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit.

THCTerminal Handling Charge. A charge assessed by the terminal for the positioning of cargo within the terminal/yard.

TierA horizontal division of a vessel from bottom to top, used as a part of the indication of a stowage place for containers.

Tier RatesRates assessed based on volumes moved.

Time CharterA contract whereby a vessel is let to a Charterer for a determined period of time or a voyage, against a remuneration known as hire.

TLCTruck Loading Charge.

TOFCGoto : Trailer on Flat Car.

Ton a. Unit of weight measurement: 1000 kilograms (metric ton) or 2,240 lbs (long ton). b. Unit of cubic measurement, mainly used to express the cubic capacity of a vessel. c. Unit of weight or measurement used as a basis for the calculation of freights (freight ton).

Tonnage a. Cubic capacity of a vessel. b. Total weight or amount of cargo expressed in tons.

Top Handlers Equipment that loads/unloads containers at container yard.

TOSTerms Of Sale (i.e., FOB / CIF / FAS etc.)

TracingThe action of retrieving information concerning the whereabouts of cargo and equipment.

TrackingThe function of maintaining status information, including current location, of cargo and containers, whether full or empty.

Trading HouseConsortium of buyers/sellers of various commodities at high volume.

TrailerA vehicle without propulsion, designed for the carriage of cargo to be towed by a truckhead. Container and chassis as one unit.

Trailer on Flat Car (TOFC)Carriage of piggyback highway trailers on specially equipped railway wagons.

Tramp VesselA vessel not operating under a regular schedule.

Transit TimeTime vessel takes moving from one port to another.

TransloadingTaking cargo from one vessel and loading it into another for further on-carriage.

TransshipmentTransfer; A shipment under one Bill of Lading, whereby the ocean transport consists of two or more parts, and where the shipment is transferred from one vessel to another.

TRCTerminal Receiving Charge. Charge assessed by the terminal for cargo being delivered for export.

Tri-axleA third axle used for supporting additional weight.

Trucker’s DepotWhere trucks load/unload cargo.

Tug BoatsBoats used to guide & tow vessels in/out of port.

TVCTime Volume Contract. Contract between customer and Carrier; written agreement between Carrier and customer for specified rate, volume, and service level by Carrier over an agreed time.

Tween DeckDeck below the main deck.

Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (TEU)Unit of measurement equivalent to one twenty foot container.

Twin-Lift SpreaderSpreader able to pick up either, two 20 ft ISO containers at the same time, or one 40 ft container.

TwistlockDevice which has to be inserted into the corner fittings of a shipping container and is turned or twisted, thus locking the container for the purpose of securing or lifting.

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UCP 500Goto : Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits.

ULCCGoto : Ultra Large Crude Carrier.

Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC)A vessel designed for the carriage of liquid bulk cargo with a loading capacity ranging from 250.000 to 500.000 DWT.

UNCTADGoto : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

UndercarrierA Carrier in a conference or consortium who carries less cargo than the allotment distributed to him.

Underdeck StowageCargo/container which is stowed below the main deck.

Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits

Unit TrainTrain comprised of containers from one container company.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)A United Nations agency whose work in shipping includes the liner code involving the sharing of cargoes between the shipping lines of the importing and exporting countries and third countries in the ratio 40:40:20.

Unmatched ListList of payments entered to freight accounts receivable but unmatched due to no B/L in EDP.

Unstuffing/UnstrippingLoading and devanning of containers.

Upgraded 20’/40’Reinforced container for weight cargo.

USDAUnited States Department of Agriculture.

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Value Added Tax (VAT)Sales tax paid on products and services at each stage of production or distribution, based on the value added at each individual stage and included in the cost to the end customer.

VanningGoto : Stuffing.

VATGoto : Value Added Tax.

VSAVessel Sharing Agreement. Co-operation agreement between two or more carriers, whereby liner services are provided jointly with each party contributing tonnage to the service and sharing the resulting total capacity in proportion to the tonnage provided.

Ventilated ContainerContainer used for transporting cargo requiring ventilation.

Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC)A vessel designed for the carriage of liquid bulk cargo with a loading capacity ranging from 50.000 to 250.000 DWT.

Vessel (Ship)A floating, self-propelled structure designed for the transport of cargo and/or passengers.

VIAPVessel Insurance Additional Premium. Charge levied when moving cargo in close proximity of war zones.

VIP Volume Incentive Programme. Refunds offered by Conference after predetermined levels have been attained; discount on ocean freight dependent on volume; rebate designed for importers, offering a legalised rebate based on a specific revenue during a specified time span.

VLCCGoto : Very Large Crude Carrier.

VOCC Vessel Operating Common Carrier.

VoyageA journey by sea from one port another or, in case of a round trip, to the same port.

Voyage CharterA contract under which the shipowner agrees to carry an agreed quantity of cargo from a specified port or ports to another port or ports for a remuneration called freight.

Voyage NumberReference number assigned by the Carrier or his agent to the voyage of the vessel.

VSLVessel

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W/M (WORM) Weight or Measurement.

Waiver Document used to allow cargo carriage by different flag vessels than original destination country vessels. Also on government cargoes where cargo flag cannot carry the shipments.

Waiver ClauseClause in a marine insurance policy stating that no acts of the insurer or insured in recovering, saving or preserving the property insured, shall be considered a dismissal from or acceptance of abandonment.

War RiskSurcharge covering additional insurance premium incurred by a vessel entering a war zone.

WarehouseA building intended for receipt, storage and handling of goods.

Warehouse ReceiptReceipt for goods deposited in a warehouse.

WarehousingThe activity of holding and handling goods in a warehouse.

Waybill

Non-negotiable transport document evidencing the contract for cargo transportation from one point to another.

Wayport Cargowayport cargo is cargo using our MOTHER VESSELS (e.g. AE1,AE5,TP3, etc) within only 1 region. It includes transshipment cargoes. Below are all wayport cargoes; 1) booked OAK/SIN via HKG (routing : OAK-HKG-SIN : 2 vessels) this shipment will be called WAYPORT between HKG-SIN if it uses a mother vessel such as AE1 for HKG-SIN leg. 2) booked YAT/SIN (routing : YAT-SIN : 1 vessel) if booked on mother vessel such as AE1, this is also called a wayport cargo.

Wear and TearLoss and/or deterioration resulting from ordinary utilisation.

WEFWith Effect From

Weight TonA ton of 1000 kilos.

WharfA place for berthing vessels to perform loading and discharging of cargo.

WharfageA fee charged for the use of a wharf for mooring, loading or discharging a vessel or for storing merchandise.

Wire Transfer Electronic transfer of funds.

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YardOpen or fenced off outdoor storage and/or repair area.

York-Antwerp RulesGoto : General Average Act.

YTDYear-To-Date

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