A REPORT

ON

NGE S&C (NEW GENERATION ELECTRONICS SERVICES AND

CONSULTANCY)

BY

1. M. Sai Chandra 11STUHHEC00022. V. Pradeep Kumar 11STUHHEC00283. Masood Ali 11STUHHEC0030

AT

NGES&C, Begumpet

An Internship Program- III

Faculty of Science & Technology, IFHE Hyderabad

(April, 2015)

A REPORT

ON

NGE S&C (NEW GENERATION ELECTRONICS SERVICES AND

CONSULTANCY)

BY

1. M. Sai Chandra 11STUHHEC00022. V. Pradeep Kumar 11STUHHEC00283. M D Masood Ali 11STUHHEC0030

Prepared in partial fulfillment of the

Internship Program- III Course

AT

(NGES&C, Begumpet)

Faculty of Science & Technology, IFHE Hyderabad

(April, 2015)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Before we get into the thick of things, we present our whole hearted compliments, with high regards and warm thanks to everyone responsible for the completion of this project.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Professor D. Ganesh for his invaluable remarks and supervision towards initiation and completion of this project work successfully.

We would also like to acknowledge the contribution and cooperation extended by staff members of our ECE department.

We thank our institution for such an opportunity and their paralleling extended support without which this project would have been a distant reality.

Faculty of Science and Technology, IFHE Hyderabad

Station: NGES&C Centre: Begumpet

Duration: 5.5 months Date of start: 02/01/2015

Date of Submission:03/06/2015

Title of the Project: NGES&C

Names of the students: M. Sai Chandra, V. Pradeep Kumar, M D Masood Ali.

Name and Designation of the expert: P.C. Kumar (Managing Director)

Name of IP faculty: Professor D.Ganesh

Key Words: Electronics, GPS, PCB, Diodes, RFID

Project Areas: Electronics, GSM Module, GPS Modules

Abstract

Abstract: This report provides an overview of NGES&C as a fully functional B2B company and

their routine. It provides details of the company and also looks into the products produced by

the company and explains their functioning. They have a wide range of products which have

been explained in this report. Scrolling display board is a common sight today. Advertisement is

going digital. The use of led scrolling display board at big shops, shopping centers, railway

station, bus stands and educational institutes is becoming an effective mode of communication

in providing information to the people. But these off-the-shelf units are somewhat inflexible in

terms of updating the message instantly. If the user wants to change the message it needs to be

done using a computer and hence the person needs to be present at the location of the display

board. It means the message cannot be changed from wherever or whenever. Also the display

board cannot be placed anywhere because of complex and delicate wiring.

’GSM based LED Scrolling Display Board’ is a model for displaying notices/messages at places

that require real-time noticing, by sending messages in the form of SMS through mobile. It is a

system wherein the display board need not be reprogrammed to display a new message

because it is wireless. The project aims to develop a moving sign board which empowers the

user to change the scrolling message using SMS service instantaneously unlike a desk bound

device such as PC or laptop.

Signatures of students Signature of IP Faculty

Date: Date:

Table of Contents

I. Introduction………………………………………………6II. Products……………………………………………………7III. LED lights………………………………………………….14

1 Technology overview……………………………………….15

2 Application……………………………………………………….16

3 Household LED lamps……………………………………….17

3.1 Replacement for existing lighting……………………17

3.1.1 Lamp sizes and bases………………………….17

3.1.2 LED tube lamps……………………………………19

3.2 Lighting designed for LEDs……………………………….19

4 Specialty uses…………………………………………………….19

5 Comparison to other lighting technologies…………20

IV. Flood lights…………………………………………………20V. Scrolling lights…………………………………………….24

I. INTRODUCTION

COMPANY PROFILE:

NGE S&C (New Generation Electronics Services & Consultancy) was established in the year 1993.

NGE S&C has grown to its current position from a small scale electronics firm in Hyderabad, based on its record of outstanding service, collaborative partnerships, innovation, and corporate responsibility.

It’s a B2B company which manufactures a variety of products such as 8051 development boards, GPS tracking devices, GPS smart receivers and data loggers, agriculture products, etc.

To help clients achieve their business objectives, they provide innovative, best-in-service consulting, electronic solutions and actively engage all stakeholders in a productive, collaborative, and a mutually beneficial relationship.

Their objective is to be one of the best service providers in this industry globally.

They value – integrity, leading change, excellence and respect for an individual and foster an environment of learning and sharing.

NGE has the ability to deliver high-quality services and unmatched solutions.

II. PRODUCTS:

1. GPS Personal Tracker

GPS and GSM/GPRS Operation

SiRF-III GPS Chipset & 20 Channels 900/1800 or 850/1900 MHz Dual or Quad Bands GSM/GPRS Module Offers Emergency SOS Button sending SMS for Help with Voice Offers Voice Monitoring around Tracker when emergency Supports A-GPS for Weak Signals Geo-fencing capabilities with Event Logging Logs the GPS data when no mobile signal is available 4 days battery support on standby Dimension: 55mm x 40mm x 20mm Application: Personnel Tracking (Children, Elder, etc.), Car Tracking, Freight

Transportation, Travel Tracking, Police/Security, etc.

2. GPS Tracking Pnd

GPS and GSM/GPRS Operation SiRF-III GPS Chipset & 20 Channels 900/1800/1900 MHz GSM/GPRS Module Application: Car Tracking, Fleet Management, Freight Transportation,

Internet Application, Travel Tracking, Police/Security, etc.

3. GPS Bluetooth Receiver With Data Logger

Can record Tracking for 90 days USB Dongle combines GPS, Bluetooth & Data Logger Built-in Li-ion Battery Can be used with Laptops, Smart Phones, PDAs, UMPC, etc. Smart Setting by Interval of Time, Distance, Speed, Stay Time Application: Automatic Vehicle Location, Fleet Management, Trip

Recording, Security, etc.

4. GPS Smart Receiver With Data Logger

GPS Mouse Receiver Type with built-in recording memory Can record Tracking for 2-4 Weeks Offers USB & PS2 connectors USB:

o Can be linked to Laptopso Can be plugged into a car chargero PS2: Link to PDAs via hundreds of Y cables

Application: Automatic Vehicle Location, Fleet Management, Trip Recording

5. GPS Bluetooth Receiver & Tracking Recorder

With LCD Display which shows date, time, longitude, latitude, elevation, speed, etc.

with SD slot (up to 2GB) and can record tracking for 180-360 days. Can be used with Laptops, Smart Phones, PDAs or work by itself. SiRF-III GPS Chipset & 20 Channels Has a backlight

Application: Personnel & Car Tracking, Travel & Mountain Climbing, Police/Security, Army, Prospecting, Earthquake Rescuing, etc.

6. GPS Tracking Mobile

GSM/GPRS 900/1800 or 850/1900 MHz GPS SiRF-III high sensitivity GPS tracking functions- SOS, Tracking, Geo Fencing, etc. Stores positioning data when no GSM signal available Time of Mobile from GPS automatically Application: Children, Elder, Patient, Hospital, Police/Security, etc.

7. Development Board

This is a 8051 Development Board used to implement our own applications. In this Development Board we have the features like...

RS-232 Serial Port. PS/2 Keyboard Connector. Relay. MPC89E52AE Controller. Port 0,1,2,3 Indicators. Analog to Digital input. ADC Test Voltage. Buzzer. Infrared Sensor. 4x4 Matrix Keyboard. 7 Segment Displays. 16x2 Character LCD display. Real Time Clock (Under LCD). I2C Flash Memory (Under LCD).

I2C Expansion Port.

8. MIFARE Board

The MIFARE development board includes character lcd, relay, external memory, RTC, RS232 and a simple read only and read/write transponder to demonstrate multiple contactless communication.

A manual with source code examples explain how to use the drivers, enabling you to develop your own applications quickly.

9. PIC Development Board

This is a PIC Development Board. In this Board we have the features like...

RS-232 Serial Port. PS/2 Keyboard Connector. PIC 18F4620 Controller. Port A, B, C, D, E Indicators. Analog to digital input. ADC Test Voltage. PS2 Connector. Buzzer. Infrared Sensor. 4x4 Matrix Keyboard. 7 Segment Displays. Color Graphic LCD Connector. 16x2 Character LCD. Real Time Clock (Under LCD). i2c Flash Memory (Under LCD). i2c Expansion Port. USB. SD/MMC-memory card. SPI Expansion Port. RF Transmitter and Receiver. LPT(parallel) Port. Thermal Sensor.

10.RFID Dev. Board

The Radio Frequency Identification development board includes character LCD, relay, external memory, RTC, RS232 and a simple read-only and read/write transponder to demonstrate multiple contactless communications.

A manual with source code examples explain how to use the drivers, enabling you to develop your own RFID applications quickly.

11.GSM Modem

A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network.

This GSM modem is connected to a computer through a serial cable. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to operate.

12.GPS Module

This unit features low power consumption, high sensitivity and can track number of satellites at one time. The unit is ideal for navigation systems, distance measurements, vehicle monitoring and recording.

A series of standard NMEA format messages are provided to give Position, satellite information, time, etc.

The module can be easily connected directly to a microcontroller to display and record this information. You can develop your own GPS navigation system and connect to a pocket PC for a low cost navigation system. The possibilities are endless with this easy to use GPS module.

13.GPS Personal Tracker

GPS and GSM/GPRS Operation SiRF-III GPS Chipset & 20 Channels 850/900/1800/1900 MHz 3 or 4 Bands GSM/GPRS Module Offers Emergency SOS Button sending SMS for Help Offers Voice Monitoring around Tracker when emergency Geo-fencing capabilities with Event Logging Dimension: 86.7mm x 48.9mm x 32.5mm Application: Personnel Tracking (Children, Elder, Patient, etc.), Car Tracking,

Freight Transportation, Travel Tracking, Police/Security, etc.

14.ZigBee Board

ZigBee has been developed to meet the growing demand for capable wireless networking between numerous low power devices.

In industry ZigBee is being used for next generation automated manufacturing, with small transmitters in every device on the floor, allowing communication between devices to a central computer.

15.Agromate – Plus :

Agromate Plus is an extended model to support motors of any HP Works for motors of any capacity Easy to install Operates with any SIM operator in your region Use your existing mobile to operate the device Miss call or SMS to operate Works with Single phase or Three phase power supply Phase preventer power supply unit to protect device and pump External antenna for better signal input Water flow sensor to turn off the motor during dry run Useful for motors used in farms, factories,etc Useful for domestic applications such as water heater, A/C etc. SMS alerts for motor ON SMS alerts for motor OFF and duration of run time SMS alerts when SIM Changed SMS and also a call from device to alert when Power restored Register up-to 4 users per device Android APP for easier usage, status inquiry Android APP for scheduling the motor run times LCD display screen SIM signal indicator on LCD Motor runs status indicator on LCD Works with any model of starters SMS alerts during power failure Manual ON/OF Feature

16.Agromate – Deluxe :

Agromate Deluxe is an entry level model Works for motors up-to 7.5 HP Easy to install Operates with any SIM operator in your region Use your existing mobile to operate the device Miss call or SMS to operate Works with Single phase or Three phase power supply Phase preventer power supply unit to protect device and pump External antenna for better signal input Water flow sensor to turn off the motor during dry run Useful for motors used in farms, factories,etc Useful for domestic applications such as water heater, A/C etc. SMS alerts for motor ON SMS alerts for motor OFF and duration of run time SMS alerts when SIM Changed SMS and also a call from device to alert when Power restored Register up-to 4 users per device Android APP for easier usage, status inquiry Android APP for scheduling the motor run times

LED lights

An LED lamp is a light-emitting diode (LED) product that is assembled into a lamp (or light bulb) for use in lighting fixtures. LED lamps have a lifespan and electrical efficiency that is several times better than incandescent lamps, and significantly better than most fluorescent lamps, with some chips able to emit more than 100 lumens per watt. The LED lamp market is projected to grow by more than twelve-fold over the next decade, from $2 billion in the beginning of 2014 to $25 billion in 2023, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25%.[1]

Like incandescent lamps and unlike most fluorescent lamps (e.g. tubes and compact fluorescent lamps or CFLs), LEDs come to full brightness without need for a warm-up time; the life of fluorescent lighting is also reduced by frequent switching on and off. Initial cost of LED is usually higher. Degradation of LED dye and packaging materials reduces light output to some extent over time.

Some LED lamps are made to be a directly compatible drop-in replacement for incandescent or fluorescent lamps. An LED lamp packaging may show the lumen output, power consumption in watts, color temperature in kelvins or description (e.g. "warm white"), operating temperature range, and sometimes the equivalent wattage of an incandescent lamp of similar luminous output.

Most LEDs do not emit light in all directions, and their directional characteristics affect the design of lamps. Although through the progression of time, omnidirectional lamps are becoming more common, allowing for 360° light spread. The light output of single LEDs is less than that of incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps; in most applications multiple LEDs are used to form a lamp, although high-power versions (see below) are becoming available.

LED chips need controlled direct current (DC) electrical power; an appropriate circuit is required to convert alternating current from the supply to the regulated low voltage direct current used by the LEDs. LEDs are adversely

affected by high temperature, so LED lamps typically include heat dissipation elements such as heat sinks and cooling fins.

An assortment of LED lamps commercially available as of 2010 as replacements for screw-in bulbs, including floodlight fixtures (left), reading light (center), household lamps (center right and bottom), and low-power accent light (right) applications

LED spotlight using 60 individual diodes for mains voltage power

LED light bulb to replace G24 compact fluorescent lamp

Technology overview

Dropped ceiling with LEDlamps

General-purpose lighting needs white light. LEDs emit light in a very narrow band of wavelengths, emitting light of a color characteristic of the energy bandgap of the semiconductor material used to make the LED. To emit white light from LEDs requires either mixing light from red, green, and blue LEDs, or using a phosphor to convert some of the light to other colors.

One method (RGB or trichromatic white LEDs) uses multiple LED chips, each emitting a different wavelength, in close proximity to generate white light. This allows the intensity of each LED to be adjusted to change the overall color.

The second method uses LEDs in conjunction with a phosphor. The CRI (color rendering index) value can range from less than 70 to over 90, andcolor temperatures in the range of 2700 K (matching incandescent lamps) up to 7000 K are available.

Application

A significant difference from other light sources is that the light is more directional, i.e., emitted as a narrower beam. LED lamps are used for both general and special-purpose lighting. Where colored light is needed, LEDs that inherently emit light of a single color require no energy-absorbing filters.

BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Atlanta Illumination with color mixing LED fixtures

Computer-led LED lighting allows enhancement of unique qualities of paintings in the National Museum inWarsaw.

White-light LED lamps have longer life expectancy and higher efficiency (more light for the same electricity) than most other lighting when used at the proper temperature. LED sources are compact, which gives flexibility in designing lighting fixtures and good control over the distribution of light with small reflectors or lenses. Because of the small size of LEDs, control of the spatial distribution of illumination is extremely flexible, and the light output and spatial distribution of an LED array can be controlled with no efficiency loss.

LEDs using the color-mixing principle can emit a wide range of colors by changing the proportions of light generated in each primary color. This allows full color mixing in lamps with LEDs of different colors. Unlike other lighting technologies, LED emission tends to be directional (or at leastlambertian), which can be either advantageous or disadvantageous, depending on requirements. For applications where non-directional light is required, either a diffuser is used, or multiple individual LED emitters are used to emit in different directions.

Household LED lamps

Replacement for existing lighting

Disassembled LED-light bulb with driver circuit board and Edison screw

Lamp sizes and bases[edit]

LED lamps are made of arrays of SMD modules that replace screw-in incandescent or compact fluorescent light bulbs, mostly replacing incandescent bulbs rated from 5 to 60 watts. Such lamps are made with standard light bulb connections and shapes, such as an Edison screw base, an MR16 shape with a bi-pin base, or a GU5.3 (bi-pin cap) or GU10 (bayonet fitting) and are made compatible with the voltage supplied to the sockets. They include driver circuitry to rectify the AC power and convert the voltage to an appropriate value, usually Switched-mode power supplies.

As of 2010 some LED lamps replaced higher wattage bulbs; for example, one manufacturer claimed a 16-watt LED bulb was as bright as a 150 W halogen lamp. A standard general-purpose incandescent bulb emits light at an efficiency of about 14 to 17 lumens/W depending on its size and voltage. According to the European Union standard, an energy-efficient bulb that claims to be the equivalent of a 60 W tungsten bulb must have a minimum light output of 806 lumens.

A selection of consumer LED bulbs available in 2012 as drop-in replacements for incandescent bulbs in screw-type sockets

Some models of LED bulbs are compatible with dimmers as used for incandescent lamps. LED lamps often have directional light characteristics. The lamps have declined in cost to between US$10 to $50 each as of 2012. These bulbs are more power-efficient than compact fluorescent bulbs and offer lifespans of 30,000 or more hours, reduced if operated at a higher temperature than specified. Incandescent bulbs have a typical life of 1,000 hours, and compact fluorescents about 8,000 hours. The bulbs maintain output light intensity well over their lifetimes. Energy Star specifications require the bulbs to typically drop less than 10% after 6,000 or more hours of operation, and in the worst case not more than 15%. LED lamps are available with a variety of color properties. The purchase price is higher than most other, but the higher efficiency may make total cost of ownership (purchase price plus cost of electricity and changing bulbs) lower.

High-power LED light bulb

Several companies offer LED lamps for general lighting purposes. The technology is improving rapidly and new energy-efficient consumer LED lamps are available.

LED lamps are close to being adopted as the mainstream light source because of the falling prices and because 40 and 60 wattincandescent bulbs are being phased out. In the U.S. the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 effectively bans

the manufacturing and importing of most current incandescent light bulbs. LED bulbs have decreased substantially in pricing and many varieties are sold with subsidized prices from local utilities.

A 17 W tube of LEDs which has the same intensity as a 45 W fluorescent tube

LED tube lamps

LED tube lights are designed to physically fit in fixtures intended for fluorescent tubes. Some LED tube lamps are intended to be a drop-in replacement into existing fixtures. Others require rewiring of the fixtures to remove the ballast. An LED tube lamp generally uses many individual LEDs which are directional. Fluorescent lamps emit light all the way around the lamp. Most LED tube lights available can be used in place of T8, T10, or T12 tube designations, in lengths of 2, 4, 6, and 8 feet.

Lighting designed for LEDsLED-wall lamp

Newer light fittings designed for LED lamps, or indeed with long-lived LEDs built-in, have been coming into use as the need for compatibility with existing fittings diminishes. Such lighting does not require each bulb to contain circuitry to operate from mains voltage.

Specialty uses

LED Flashlight replacement bulb (left), with tungsten equivalent (right)

White LED lamps have achieved market dominance in applications where high efficiency is important at low power levels. Some of these applications include flashlights, solar-powered garden or walkway lights, and bicycle lights. Monochromatic (colored) LED lamps are now commercially used for traffic signal

lamps, where the ability to emit bright monochromatic light is a desired feature, and in strings of holiday lights.

Comparison to other lighting technologies

See luminous efficacy for an efficiency chart comparing various technologies.

Incandescent lamps (light bulbs) generate light by passing electric current through a resistive filament, thereby heating the filament to a very high temperature so that it glows and emits visible light over a broad range of wavelengths. Incandescent sources yield a "warm" yellow or white color quality depending on the filament operating temperature. Incandescent lamps emit 98% of the energy input as heat. A 100 W light bulb for 120 V operation emits about 1,700 lumens, about 17 lumens/W; for 230 V bulbs the figures are 1340 lm and 13.4 lm/W. Incandescent lamps are relatively inexpensive to make. The typical lifespan of an AC incandescent lamp is 750 to 1,000 hours. They work well with dimmers. Most older light fixtures are designed for the size and shape of these traditional bulbs. In the U.S. the regular sockets are E26 and E11, and E27 and E14 in some European countries.

Fluorescent lamps work by passing electricity through mercury vapor, which in turn emits ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light is then absorbed by a phosphor coating inside the lamp, causing it to glow, or fluoresce. Conventional linear fluorescent lamps have life spans around 20,000 and 30,000 hours based on 3 hours per cycle according to lamps NLPIP reviewed in 2006. Induction fluorescent relies on electromagnetism rather than the cathodes used to start conventional linear fluorescent. The newer rare earth triphosphor blend linear fluorescent lamps made by Osram, Philips, Crompton and others have a life expectancy greater than 40,000 hours, if coupled with a warm-start electronic ballast. The life expectancy depends on the number of on/off cycles, and is lower if the light is cycled often. The ballast-lamp combined system efficacy for then current linear fluorescent systems in 1998 as tested by NLPIP ranged from 80 to 90 lm/W. For comparison, general household LED bulbs available in 2011 emit 64 lumens/W.

Compact fluorescent lamps' specified lifespan typically ranges from 6,000 hours to 15,000 hours.

Electricity prices vary state to state and are customer dependent. Generally commercial (10.3 cent/kWh) and industrial (6.8 cent/kWh) electricity prices are lower than residential (12.3 cent/kWh) due to fewer transmission losses.

LED Floodlight – The Best for Outdoor Lighting

Floodlight is a type of artificial light which is designed to generate huge amount of light to a certain area. LED floodlight is floodlight equipped with LED technology. Floodlight usually uses for large area of outdoor lighting, such as sports grounds, driveways, architectures, backyards, gardens, and etc. Compared to LED spots, LED floodlight offers a wider light beam with stronger power. Floodlight usually provides a 120 degree illumination whereas spotlight provides a 45 degree. In other words, floodlights light up a large area while spotlights light up a specific small area

Usage of LED Floodlight

Floodlight can be used in various areas, from home to football pitch. Here you will learn three main uses of floodlight.

For Home: People always put art object in their backyards. A regular floodlight can help you light them up. There are also lights with motion sensor. These lights are great for security lights. Floodlights are great to light up your house too.

For Outdoor: Small outdoor areas like walkways and driveways are always lit by floodlights. Moreover, road signs, patios and staircases are in their list too. Commercial backyards or storefronts are also in this group. These outdoor areas usually require a stronger powerful light while comparing to home use.

For Stadium and Stage: High power floods can also light up large area such as football fields, rugby league field and others sport grounds. Stage also require a very high power light to create dramatic lighting in shows. These are the most power light and light up very huge remote areas.

Floodlights are broad-beamed , high-intensity artificial lights. They are often used to illuminate outdoor playing fields while an outdoor sports event is being held during low-light conditions. More focused kinds are often used as a stage lighting instrument in live performances such as concerts and plays.

In the top tiers of many professional sports, it is a requirement for stadiums to have floodlights to allow games to be scheduled outside daylight hours. Evening or night matches may suit spectators who have work or other commitment earlier in the day. The main motivation for this is television marketing, especially in sports such as Gridiron which rely on TV rights money to finance the sport. Some sports grounds which do not have permanent floodlights installed may make use of portable temporary ones instead. Many larger floodlights (see bottom picture) will have gantries for bulb changing and maintenance. These will usually be able to accommodate one or two engineers.

Types of floodlight

The most common type of floodlight is the Metal Halide which emits a bright white light (typically 75-100 lumens/Watt). Sodium Vapor Lamps are also commonly used for sporting events, as they have a very high lumen-to-watt ratio (typically 80-140 lumens/Watt), making them a cost-effective choice when certain lux levels must be provided.

In the recent years there have been new developments, and LED technology has come a long way. Now LED flood lights are bright enough to be used for illumination purposes on large sport fields. The main reason for the use of LEDs, is the lower power consumption and the fact that LED bulbs last longer.

Why Choose LED Floodlight?

There are other types of floodlight other than LED. In the market, incandescent, fluorescent, low pressure sodium halogen and also HID floodlights are available. Among of them, why is LED floodlight the best choice?

1. More Durable

A LED have much longer lifetime than other bulbs. A normal light emitting diode can last for more than 50,000 hours which is more than 10 times of

incandescent and fluorescent. Besides, LED can work in a wide range of temperature. You can find LED flood work well even under ice point. This ensures you can still have enough light for freezing winter.

2. More Cost Effective

LED has a high luminous efficiency, which means that most energy supplied are turned into light energy. Comparing to other type of lighting technology, this is incredibly high. In order words, you can save more money by using less electricity. Maintenance cost is also lowered because of their durability. You do not need to replace a new light as frequent as other types of lights.

3. More Green

LED does not contain any toxic substance such as mercury. Fluorescent, however, is not mercury free. LED lights contain nothing harmful to both human and environment. As LEDs have high efficiency, they produce less greenhouse gases by using less electricity. This not only saves your wallet, but also saves the Earth.

By producing the brightest light while using less energy, LED floodlight is environmental friendly and convenient. Unlike high pressure sodium lights which lead to global warming, these artificial lights can reduce energy usage, save the environment, and lower the cost.

GSM BASED LED SCROLLING DISPLAY BOARD

I. INTRODUCTION

The project is an implementation to the idea of the wireless communication

between a mobile phone and a display board. This model combines the

advantages of the microcontroller and wireless technology, to build an effective

and accurate communication system. The prototype model developed uses the

following major components.

• GSM modem-SIM300

• Microcontroller- Philips P89V51RD2.

• MAX-232 level convertor.

5X7 led dot matrix (size-2inch, character size-50mm)

Shift Register- IC 74LS164.

• LED Driver- IC UDN2981.

• Current limiting Resistors- 220 ohm.

The administrator (user) uses a simple GSM based handset for sending messages

to display board. The GSM modem used at the receiver end is used to receive the

messages. The sent message is stored in the SIM of the modem. By issuing proper

AT commands, it is read from the modem and stored in the microcontroller. In

order to reduce the current required for the module and to simplify the hardware

and wiring necessary to drive the LEDs this design uses Multiplexing. In this

technique, at the max only 30 LED’s are glowing at any one time and hence power

required for display module is reduced.

The led display board accommodates 5x7 led dot matrix displays with a distance

between the rows of pins of 50mm (50mm character height). Six such display

matrixes are used to form a 30x7 display area (30 columns, 7 rows). The

preprogrammed controller is supplied with the standard character set containing

alphabets, but there is also the possibility to program punctuation marks,

symbols, numbers and special characters and implement simple graphics. For

each character a display pattern in the form of HEX values is stored inside the

microcontroller which is termed as look up table. The microcontroller looks for

the pattern and sends out the data bits serially and clock signal. This data is

shifted by the shift registers. The data is sent on columns and rows are scanned

fast which allows the pattern to be displayed because of persistence of vision. The

row driver IC is used to source current for LED rows (anodes).

II. BLOCK DIAGRAM

The block diagram of the system is shown in figure 1 and figure 2.

III. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

There are two major interfacing circuits:

1. The Microcontroller is interfaced with modem via MAX-232 level convertor.

2. The Microcontroller is interfaced with the LED display board.

The circuit diagram is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.

IV. HARDWARE PROFILE

A. GSM Modem- SIM300

This is the first block in the receiving section. It consists of a slot for holding SIM

(Subscriber Identity Module) card. The message sent by the user is stored in this

SIM card.

Major features of this modem are:

• Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that

works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS1900 MHz

SIM300 provides GPRS multi-slot class 10 capabilities and support.

• Can be used to send SMS, make and receive calls, and do other GSM

operations by controlling it through simple AT commands from

microcontrollers and computers.

• The SIM300 allows an adjustable serial baud rate from 1200 to115200 bps (9600 default).

• Power supply Single supply voltage 3.4V - 4.5V.

B. MAX-232 level convertor

The MAX-232 is a dual driver or receiver that includes capacitive voltage

generator to supply EIA-232 voltage levels from a single 5-V supply and converts

EIA- 232 voltage levels to 5-V TTL/CMOS levels. The level convertor acts as an

interface between the modem and the microcontroller.

C. Microcontroller- P89V51RD2

P89V51RD2 is a powerful 40 pin microcontroller which provides a range of features such as:

• 80C51 Central Processing Unit

• 64 kB of on-chip Flash program memory with ISP (In-System Programming)

• 5 V Operating voltage from 0 to 40 MHz

• 64 kB Flash memory

• 1024 bytes of data RAM

• Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current Port 1 pins (16 mA each)

• Three 16-bit timers/counters

Eight interrupt sources with four priority levels. The microcontroller

transmits AT commands to receive the message which is sent by the user. It

receives the message and only keeps the message part of the response sent by

modem. It provides with the data signal and clock signal for scrolling the message.

D. 5X7 LED Dot Matrix

In a dot matrix display, multiple LEDs are wired together in rows and columns.

This is done to minimize the number of pins required to drive them. For example,

a 5X7 matrix of LEDs would need 35 I/O pins, one for each LED. By wiring all the

anodes together in rows (R1 through R7), and cathodes in columns (C1 through

C5), the required number of I/O pins is reduced to 12. Each LED is addressed by its

row and column number. In the figure 5, if R4 is pulled high and C3 is pulled low,

the LED in fourth row and third column will be turned on. Characters can be

displayed by fast scanning of either rows or columns. This model uses Column

anode-Row cathode configuration with data signal on columns and rows are

scanned.

E. UDN 2981

The UDN2981 IC is 8-channel source driver IC, used for high-side switching

applications that benefit from separate logic and load grounds. These 8-channel

source drivers are useful for interfacing between low-level logic and high-current

loads. The seven display matrix rows are selected by the outputs of the source

driver UDN2981 IC. It is TTL, DTL, PMOS, or CMOS Compatible Inputs. It has 500

mA Output Source Current Capability which is the major requirement for the

display board

F. Shift Register IC- 74LS164

74LS164 is a high speed, 8-Bit Serial-In Parallel-Out Shift Register. Serial data is

entered through a 2-Input AND gate, synchronous with the LOW to HIGH

transition of the clock. The device features an asynchronous Master Reset which

clears the register setting all outputs LOW independent of the clock. The use of

shift registers minimizes the number of I/O pins required to drive the columns of

the LED matrix.

G. Crystal- 22.1184 MHz

The microcontroller clock is supplied by a standard 22.1184 MHz crystal. Such a

specific crystal is used in order to have a baud rate of 9600 for serial

communication with modem. Also a higher value of crystal is of prime importance

in this project which has the effect of reducing the flicker seen in the LEDs.

V. WORKING

A. Reading message from modem.

The GSM modem communicates with the microcontroller through asynchronous

serial communication. The baud rate used here is 9600. In the initialization

routine at the start of execution of program the values of SCON, TMOD and TH1

are set. The microcontroller transmits a set of AT commands to read the message

sent by the user. Following is the list of AT commands used to read the message:

• AT ………….….// to initialize the modem

• ATE0………//to turn echo off

• AT+CMGF=1….//to set the message format to TEXT

AT+CNMI=2,1,0,0,0.......//notification of new message

• AT+CMGR=1…….//to read the stored message

• AT+CMGD=1……//to delete the message

For the first three commands, the modem responds to the microcontroller with

the message ’OK’. This message is ignored by the microcontroller. After the

execution of the final AT command, the GSM modem responds with the following

long message.

+CMGR:”REC UNREAD”,” sender’s number”,”Date

and time” Message part here

OK

The microcontroller only keeps the message part and discards the remaining

message. This message is stored in the buffer array which is later used to display

the message on the dot matrix led module.

B. Display Process

Looking at the circuit diagram shown in Figure 3, it can be seen that the column

information for the display LEDs is supplied by the outputs of the six shift register

ICs type 74LS164. The seven display matrix rows are selected by the outputs of

the microcontroller (P1.0 to P1.7) which control the row driver IC UDN2981. Two

port lines from the microcontroller control the shift registers. Port 1.5 is the data

signal while P1.6 produces the clock signal. The outputs of UDN2981 are

connected to a complete row of LEDs while the outputs of shift registers are

connected via current limiting resistors to the cathodes of each column of LEDs.

The shift register are capable of sinking current up to 8mA.

The display process begins by writing ’0’ on all rows. This has the effect of

blanking out all the LEDs at the start. The microcontroller will take the ASCII code

of the character to be displayed from its internal memory and uses this value to

access its corresponding display pattern in a character generator (look up table).

The controller will then take the first line of the display pattern and send it out

serially to the display shift registers. Any bit in the pattern that is ’1’ will turn the

LED off, any bit that is a ’0’ will turn the LED on. The controller also generates the

clock to transfer this serial data into the shift registers.

This process is repeated for the first line of the other five display matrix. After

this, the first pin of the UDN2981 driving the first row (R1) is enabled. All of the

shift register outputs that are low will cause these LEDs in the first line to light for

a short period. The same process is now repeated for the second row up to the

seventh row. In row scanning, each row is selected for a very short time (about

1ms) and the columns are fed with appropriate logic levels. By quickly scanning

across the rows (more than 100 times per second), and turning on the respective

LEDs in each column of that row, the persistence of vision comes into play, and

the display image is perceived as still. This is shown in figure 6.

Figure 7 shows the active LEDs in each row to display the character ’A’ in an 8X8

dot-matrix format. This information for all printable ASCII characters (0-9, A-Z, a-z,

etc.) is stored in the 2-dimensional character array.

On evaluating the rows, the HEX values for character ’A’ are

(0x8f, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77, 0x07, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77)

For the scrolling effect, seven display buffers of size 32 bits are defined, for

storing the bit information of 32x7 LEDs in the matrix. The content of this array is

what to be displayed on the matrix. The process of scrolling a message starts from

right to left. To move the character from right to left, the column values for all

rows are shifted to left direction with an appropriate amount of shift step. Once

the character has been shifted sufficiently, the row values of next character in the

message are fed. This is done after scrolling five times per character, in order to

accommodate many characters simultaneously. In each shift, the display buffer is

updated.

Figure 9 explains the status of active LEDs for the display module. Here the

character ’A’ has been shifted 3 times to the left. The values of the Display Buffer

[1] for this state is,

11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11100

Figure 10 explains the status of LEDs after two characters has been shifted. The

value of display buffer [1] is

11111 11111 11111 11111 11000 11000

Each character is shifted six times, after which the 5x7 character is fully loaded in

to the display buffer. Then, shifting restarts from 1 again and starts loading the

next character from the right, while the display buffer itself shifts left. This

continues until all the characters in the message are loaded. Once all characters

are loaded, the message keeps scrolling till a new message is received. When a

new message arrives, the microcontroller automatically stops the display process,

extracts the new message from the SIM card and executes the new display

process scrolling the new message.

VI. FLOWCHART

The operational flowchart of the system is shown in figure 11 and figure 12.

VII. CONCLUSION

The project explains how we can develop GSM based led scrolling board, by

integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of every

module has been reasoned out and placed carefully,thus contributing to the best

working of the unit. The scrolling board successfully displays the message word by

word. The speed of scrolling is controlled using software. The major constraint of

flicker and intensity of LEDs is eliminated by the use of high frequency crystal.

Due to the use of multiplexing technique, power dissipated by the LEDs is low.

Greater efficiency is achieved by using the concept of wireless communication.

The model can be efficiently used in restaurants to display the menu, at railway

station in case of cancellation of trains, in educational institutes for faster

communication of notices or messages, banks and bus stands.

The system can also be employed in hotels, rooms in cases of emergency. The

major advantage of this model is that the person can change the message at any

point with no constraint of distance. There can be latency involved in delivering

the message to the GSM modem and hence it is advisable to use a high standard

modem with good range capability (use of better antenna).

VIII. FUTURE SCOPE

The model can be utilized to display temperature in case when there is no

message to be displayed. With proper use of interrupt routines the incoming

message will act as an interrupt, the temperature display is halted and the control

flow jumps over to the specific interrupt service routine which displays the

information field. Another improvement in this model can be of broadcasting the

same message to multiple display boards. This can be achieved with the use of

clone SIM cards. Multilingual message display can be another variation in this

model. The message can be first received, displayed in standard language. The

same message can be converted to another language and the message can be

displayed.

IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank all the important people who have helped us in

completing this paper. We would like to thank our Principal Dr.U.V.Bhosle and

Prof. S.D.Patil, H.O.D of Electronics and Telecommunication Department, Rajiv

Gandhi Institute of Technology, Mumbai for providing us an opportunity to work

on the project GSM Based LED Scrolling Display Board. We sincerely thank our

project guide Prof. Surendra Sutar, Department of Electronics and

Telecommunication whose help, stimulating suggestions, knowledge and

experience helped us at all the time during the study and analysis of the project.

X. IMAGES

FIGURE 1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM.

FIGURE 2: LED DOT MATRIX DISPLAY BOARD, 30 COLUMNS AND 7 ROWS.

FIGURE 3: INTERFACING OF MICROCONTROLLER WITH LED DISPLAY BOARD.

FIGURE 4: INTERFACING OF MICROCONTROLLER WITH GSM MODEM VIA MAX-232

FIGURE 5: COLUMN ANODE AND ROW CATHODE CONFIGURATION OF LED MATRIX.

IGURE 6: ROW SCANNING AND COLUMN DATA.

FIGURE 8: DISPLAY PATTERN FOR THE ALPHABETS.

FIGURE 9: DISPLAY AFTER SHIFTING 3 BITS OF CHARACTER ‘A’

FIGURE 11: FLOWCHART OF THE SYSTEM- 1

FIGURE 12: FLOWCHART OF THE SYSTEM- 2

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