Sains Bahan 2009

8/8/2019 Sains Bahan 2009

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PHY 4203

MATERIAL SCIENCE


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GROUP MEMBERS

SITI NADIAH BINTI MOHD RAZIF 131503

WAN NURLAIL A WAN AHMAD 132653

NUR KHAIRANI CHE ADNAN 132654

SITIFATIMAH BINTI YAHYA 131644 NADIA ADLYN YUSSOF 131247

UNAIZAH MOHAMED 131119

WONGSHEAULING 129394

LIEW GUO HAO 130666 HO JIA HUN 138255


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GLASS PRODUCTION & PROCESS

Batching andmixing

( Batching

House)

Melting and

refining

(Melting

Furnace)

Forming

(depends on

product)

Cutting and

stackingAnnealing


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Batching and mixing

( Batching House)RAW MATERIAL WEIGHT RATIO TO

BATCH REQUIREMENTS

FUNCTION

Silica sand About 54 % Major glass former

Felsand About 9 % Chemical durability

Soda ash About 17 % Easier melting, reduce

glass viscosity

Limestone 8-9 % Durabilty

Dolomite About 10 % Working and

weathering propertiesSalt cake, Na2SO4 ~1.0 % Glass strengthening

Others (colourizers if

necessary)

~1.0 % Tinted materials


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Batching and mixing

( Batching House) It will be heated in 1500C.


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Melting and refining

(MeltingF

urnace) All the ingredient in batching and mixing are melted

in melting furnace at higher temperature of about

1600C.

There is a hole where we can see two layers are

formed.


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Melting and refining

(MeltingF

urnace) One layer is darker than the other one. The darker

layer happens because it has complete melting liquid.

melted

half-melted

There have 2 check points to make sure that the

composition completely melting.


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Forming

(depends on product)

Glass diameter will be determined in forming

process.

Here, the float glass used TIN BATH as its third stepprocess in order to form the glass into the required

thickness and size.

By using roll-out glass drawn from the melting

furnace, via two rollers squeezing the molten glass to

form a required thickness.


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Forming

(depends on product)

Minimum thickness that can produce is 1.8 mm and

the maximum thickness is 19 mm.

Normal glass thickness is about 4 mm to 6 mmwhile the thick glass that can produce is 8 mm to 19

mm.

But, the thickness of the glass can be adjustedaccording to the customer order. Production of the

glass also depends on the market.


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Annealing

It starts with blowing the glass carried over a long

roller conveyer system.

Annealing process is used to release the stress in aglass.

That is why a glass in annealing process starts with

blowing process before the cooling process to prevent

glass from breaking.

The strength points will control top and bottom roller

to avoid glass cracks.


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Annealing

Then the process proceed to the cooling section:

by using the normal water,

using brush and sponge in temperature

between 65C-70C.


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Cutting

In cutting process, a cutter is lean over at one side to

cut the product in straight line.

Glass dust will exist during cutting process. Wateracts as a catalyst to prevent the dust from diffusing in

air.

Glass is cut into 120 x 84 cm dimensions.

If defect occurs within the glass, it will be cut start

from the location where the defect is detected.


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Cutting

The glass that has been cut will be recycled in

furnace.

After that, the glass will moved through second

washing stage to make sure that the pieces of glass

are completely removed.


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Cutting

After that, the glass will be packed. This packing

process is operated in such a way that machine is

used to suck the glass and put it on a paper.

video : P2265076.MOV


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Stacking

Final product of raw glass will be packed and stored

in warehouse before distributed to customers.


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Stacking

All order are managed by the logistic department. If

there is loss such as the glass is broken, logistic

department have to repay the compensation.

But, if there is defect in the glass such as bubbles,

the company has to take action. The product is stored

in unit basis where every unit is about 2 tan (2000 kg)

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