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Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
&&SAK3002SAK3002
Information Technology
Its Applications
Information Technology
Its Applications
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Student can understand about computer designs and its processes.
Student know how to use current applications.
CORE objectives of this course:CORE objectives of this course:
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION11ChapterChapter
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Objectives of this chapter:Objectives of this chapter:
Define the term, computer and its advantages.
Know its history
Identify the components of a computer.
Identify the element of information system
Discuss computer application in society
You can…
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
OverviewOverview
This chapter covers Computer definition and operations. Computer generations. The components of a computer. Categories of computers Computer impact on society.
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
1.1 Definition and OperationsPage 6
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer: A programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations, presents the results, and can store the data or results
What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?
Produces and stores results
Processes data into informationinformation
Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful
Accepts datadataRaw facts, figures, and symbols
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Input—entering data into the computer
Processing—performing operations on the data
Output—presenting the results
Storage—saving data, programs, or output for future use
Computer operations:Computer operations:
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer operations (cont’d)Computer operations (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Storage Communications
Speed Reliability Consistency
Advantages of Using ComputersAdvantages of Using Computers
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Disadvantages of Using ComputersDisadvantages of Using Computers
Violation ofPrivacy
Impact onEnvironment
Impact onLabor Force
Health Risks
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
1.2 Computer HistoryPage 52
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer HistoryComputer History
The computer that we use now is a fairly recent invention
The history of computers is often referred to in terms of generations, from pre-computers and early computers (before 1945) to fifth generation computers (now and the future)
Each new generation is characterized by a major technological development
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
The first calculating device, which was used 2000 years ago was called abacus
In 1833, Prof. Charles Babbage, the father of computer, developed a machine called analytical engine which was the base for the modern digital computer
Other early computing devices include the slide rule, the mechanical calculator, and Dr. Herman Hollerith’s Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter
Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d) First - Generation Computers
(approximately 1946 - 1957) The electronic digital computers, which
were introduced in 1950's, were using vacuum tubes
ENIAC Was developed during World War II
UNIVAC Released in 1951
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d) Second - Generation Computers
(approximately 1958 - 1963) used transistors
A small device made of semiconductor material
Programming languages (FORTRAN and COBOL) were developed and implemented
Computers used by military, government and big business
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d) Third - Generation Computers
(approximately 1964 - 1970) Introduction of integrated circuits (ICs)
Also know as chips Keyboards and monitors were introduced for
input and output Magnetic disks were typically used for
storage Cheap, fast and reliable Used by small business
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d) Fourth - Generation Computers
(approximately 1971 - present) The invention of the microprocessor in 1971
Contains the core processing capabilities of an entire computer on one single chip
Example: IBM PC and Apple Macintosh Input - keyboard and mouse Output – monitor and printer Storage – magnetic disks and optical disks The development of computer network, wireless
technologies, and the internet
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d) Fifth - Generation Computers (now
and the future) Will be based on artificial intelligence
Computers can learn, think and reasoning Voice recognition
Become primary means of input Optical computers
Process data using light instead of electrons
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer History (cont’d)Computer History (cont’d)
Refer to your text book (Discovering Computers 2009) on page 52 to 65 for the timeline of computer generations and trends from The ABC computer to Youtube phenomena!
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
1.3 Main Components of a Computer Page 7
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Hardware The physical parts of a computer Can be internal (located inside the system unit) or external
(located outside of the system unit) Software
Programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do
Main components of a ComputerMain components of a Computer
SoftwareSoftwareHardwareHardware
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer HardwareComputer Hardware Input device:
Hardware used to enter dataand instructions
Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding.
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d) Output device:
Hardware that conveys information to one or morepeople
Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer components (hardware)Computer components (hardware) System unit
Casecontainingelectroniccomponentsused to processdata
Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d) Two main components on the motherboard:
ProcessorProcessor
Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
MemoryMemory
Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
What is storage?
Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from storage media
Storage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from storage media
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Floppy disk and USB flash drive
USB Flash DriveUSB Flash DriveProvides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk
Small and lightweightenough to be transportedon a keychain or in apocket
USB Flash DriveUSB Flash DriveProvides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk
Small and lightweightenough to be transportedon a keychain or in apocket
Floppy DiskFloppy DiskThin, circular, flexibledisk enclosed in a square-shaped plastic shell
Stores up to about 1.4million characters
Floppy DiskFloppy DiskThin, circular, flexibledisk enclosed in a square-shaped plastic shell
Stores up to about 1.4million characters
Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d) Hard disk
Provides greater storage capacity than a floppy disk, Zip disk, or USB flash drive
Most are housed inside of the system unit
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d) Compact disc
p. 9 Fig. 1-5
Flat, round, portable metal disc CD-ROM DVD-ROM
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer hardware (cont’d)Computer hardware (cont’d) Communications device
Hardware component that enables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions, and information
Hardware component that enables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions, and information
Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,
satellites, and other transmission media
Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,
satellites, and other transmission media
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computer
what to do
Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computer
what to do
Computer SoftwareComputer Software What is software?
Also called aprogram
Also called aprogram
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons
Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information
Computer Software (cont’d)Computer Software (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer software (cont’d)Computer software (cont’d) What is system software?
p. 15-16
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer SoftwareComputer Software Application software
Presentation Graphics
Spreadsheet
Database
Word Processing
Programs that perform specific tasks for users
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer SoftwareComputer Software Programmer
Someone who developsapplication or system software
Programmer writesthe instructions todirect the computer toprocess data intoinformation
JavaScript
Web application
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
1.4 Categories of ComputersPage 18
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Categories of ComputersCategories of ComputersWhat are the categories of computers?
Personal Computers(desktop)
Mobile Computers andMobile Devices
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d) Personal Computers
PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system
Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS)
Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Notebook computer
Portable, small enough to fit on your lap
Also called a laptop computer Generally more expensive than
a desktop computer
Categories of computer (cont’d)Categories of computer (cont’d) Mobile Computers
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Tablet PC
useful for taking notes
Resembles a letter-sized slate
Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen
Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d) Mobile Computers
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
What are mobile devices?
Small enough tocarry in a pocket
Small enough tocarry in a pocket
Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Handheld computer
Used by mobile
employees such as meter readers and
delivery people
Small enough to fit
in one hand
Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d) Mobile Device
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d)
Personal digital assistant (PDA)
Mobile Device
Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Smart phones
A smart phone isan Internet-enabled
telephone that usuallyprovides PDA capabilities
Mobile Device
Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Game consoles
Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Servers
Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations
A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage
Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
Categories of computers (cont’d)Categories of computers (cont’d) Embedded computers
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
1.5 Computer Applications in Society Page 32
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
Computer Applications in SocietyComputer Applications in Society
Education Finance Government Healthcare Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing
Some examples of computer applications in society:
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
End of Chapter 1
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
SAK3002 – IT and Its Applications
ReviewReview
Computer definition? Computer operations? Computer main components? Computer categories? Computer impacts on society?
For more details information and pictures, please refer to your text book.