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Salutary Neglect to Reorganization
Salutary Neglect and French-Indian War
• Since 1688, England allowed American colonies to prosper largely under self-rule (“Salutary Neglect”)
• French and Indian War (1754-1763)
– Friction between English colonies and French colonies erupted over French move to take Ohio area
– Indians fought on both sides
– English-French tensions created worldwide “Seven Years War” 1756-63
George Washington commanded English troops in French and Indian War
Territorial Changes from French-Indian War
• Treaty of Paris 1763, France gave territory between Appalachians and Mississippi to Britain.
• Land west of the Mississippi and New Orleans transferred to Spain
• Spain gave Florida and Cuba to Britain.
• French Canada transferred to Britain
• To avoid conflict and expenses, England passed Proclamation of 1763, forbidding colonial expansion into Indian lands west of Appalachians.
• Britain maintained army of 10,000 in America to control western territories
Economics after French-Indian War
• To win the war, Britain nearly doubled its national debt
• Colonial economies boomed as Britain bought army supplies
• To pay debts, Parliament raised taxes in England; English demanded tax on colonies.
1761: Writs of Assistance
• Meant to stop smuggling of cheaper goods from the French West Indies.
• British officers could search suspected smugglers ships, warehouses & homes without “probable cause”
• Boston lawyer James Otis argued that the Act was unconstitutional, but lost.
George III
Proclamation of 1763
• Issued by George III after Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America
• Established Britain's vast new North American empire,
• Tried to stabilize relations with Native Americans by regulating trade, settlement, and land purchases on frontier.
• Forbade colonists of the 13 colonies from settling or buying land west of the Appalachian Mountains.
• Led to outrage in colonies, as many colonists had already acquired land in that region.
• Gave Crown a monopoly in land bought from Native Americans.