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Principles of
Cardiology
Samir M. Rafla, MD, FESC
Professor of Cardiology
Alexandria University
Title: Principles of Cardiology. 2008
Author: Prof. Samir Rafla, MD, FACC, FESC
Head of the Cardiology Dept. Alexandria Univ. from 1 Aug 2004 to
30 Aug 2007
MBChB (Honor) June 1970
Printed by: Delta Center for Printing: 24 Delta street, Sporting, T. 03
5901923
Computer work: Mr. Haytham Abdel-Moneim
Distributed by: El-Sherok Library. T 03 484 8673
Address for correspondence: Prof. Samir Rafla
[email protected] 01001495577 03 5910170
First edition: 2008
Cover drawing by Dr. Marilyn Samir
National Number
2008/16131
Previous books by the author:
- Differential Diagnosis in Clinical Medicine. Vol. one: Heart and
Chest. 1998
- Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Arrhythmias.
2000
- Alexandria Book of Cardiology. Co-author with the staff of the
cardiology dept. Alexandria Univ., and co-editor with Prof. Tarek
El-Badawy. 2004
- CONTENTS
-
Subject Page
Electrocardiography 1
Rheumatic Fever 3
Valvular Heart Disease
Mitral stenosis
The cardiac cycle
Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic stenosis
Aortic Regurgitation
Tricuspid Stenosis
Tricuspid Regurgitation
6
7
13
15
16
19
21
22
Congenital Heart Disease
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Fallot’s tetralogy
Coarctation of the aorta
Pulmonary stenosis
24
25
27
28
30
33
34
Syncope and hypotension
Sudden cardiac death
36
39
Cardiac Arrhythmias Sick Sinus Syndrome
Premature beats (Extrasystoles)
Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Atrial flutter
AV nodal reentrant tachycardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Atrial fibrillation
Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation Ventricular tachycardia
Long QT syndrome
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)
AV heart block
Electrophysiologic study Cardiac pacemakers
Antiarrhythmic drugs
41
42
43
44
44
46
47
48
51
53
54
55
56
56
58
59
60
Heart Failure
Right heart failure
Management
Pharmacological therapy
Ventricular Resynchronization Therapy
Acute left ventricular failure
62
67
69
70
74
75
Cardiogenic shock
Refractory heart failure
77
80
Infective Endocarditis
Treatment
81
86
Ischemic Heart Disease
Risk factors for atherosclerosis
Stable angina pectoris
Chest pain algorithm
Unstable angina and NSTEMI
Myocardial infarction
Shock algorithm
Treatment of STEMI
Anticoagulants
87
88
89
92
95
97
103
106
110
Hypertension
Phaeochromocytoma
Investigation of the Hypertensive Patient
Treatment
Hypertensive emergencies
112
117
119
123
128
Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection
Aortic dissection
Aortic dissection classification
129
129
132
Diseases of the peripheral arteries and veins
Deep vein thrombosis
134
135
The Lungs and Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary Hypertension algorithm
Primary pulmonary hypertension
Cor pulmonale
Schistosomal corpulmonale
137
137
143
144
146
147
148
Diseases of The Pericardium
Acute pericarditis
Pericardial effusion
Pericardial tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
149
149
151
152
152
Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis
Cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Cardiac tumors
154
155
156
156
158
158
Question of the medical rounds 159
