Sample Copy. Not For Distribution. ICSE Simplified Java With BlueJ for Class X Kunal Banerjee BCA, MSC.IT Jamshedpur-831011 (Jharkhand) EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011) ... vii

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ICSE Simplified Java


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ICSE Simplified Java With BlueJ for Class X

Kunal Banerjee

BCA, MSC.IT

Jamshedpur-831011 (Jharkhand)

EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011)

www.educreation.in


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About The Author

KUNAL BANERJEE is software professional in FLANDEZ

SOFTWARE SOLUTION with more than 5 years of experience in

software design.

More formally, he graduated from Sikkim Manipal University with an

MSC.IT degree in computer science. He holds multiple professional

certifications like honors in Hardware & networking, Visual studio.net,

SAP basis, CCNA, RHCE.

Apart from work, he enjoys serving the community. Work for community

service through his employers for corporate social responsibility

programs. He was organizing free seminars in Government schools as for

motive of basic fundamental computer education.

He is an active speaker, counselor on a variety of subjects in all fields.

This Biography was provided by the author or their representatives.


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Dedication

This book is dedicated to MAA, BABA, BHAI (Mrinal), Ankita (Priyo)

&

To everyone who wonders if I am writing about them.


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The book is written strictly according to the syllabus prepared by council for the Indian school

certificate Examination. However this book will also help the beginner to understand the basic

concept of java.


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CONTENTS

S.No. Content Page No.

About BlueJ 1

1. Object oriented Programing (OOP) 9

2. History and Development of Java 20

3. Concept of Data types in Java 31

4. Operators and expression in java 52

5. Java – Loop Control 68

6. Java- Decission Making 102

7. Using Library Classes 125

8. Wrapper Class 141

9. String manipulation in java 147

10. Array 178

11. Functions/Methods 207

12. Constructor 236

13. User Define Data Types 249

14. Encapsulation and Inheritence 261

ICSE question bank (2014-2017) 272

Practice Questions 291


Kunal Banerjee

1

ABOUT BLUEJ ______________________________________________________________________________

Before we learn java we should know about bluej and about its features.

What is Bluej?

Bluej is an integrated development environment or we can say it‘s a platform to develop java

programs. Bluej is basically used for educational purpose but it can also be used by small scale

software development firm.

BlueJ is developed to support the learning and teaching of object-oriented programming, and its

design differs from other development environments as a result. This software application helps

to provide a more precise interface for creating projects and coding in Java.

HISTORY BEHIND DEVELOPING BLUEJ

In late 90‘s Michael Kolling developed a pedagogical language and environment called Blue as

part of his PhD work. It was first released in the year 1999. BlueJ is based on the Blue system.

Blue is an integrated teaching environment and language, developed at the University of Sydney

and Monash University, Australia. BlueJ provides a Blue-like environment for the Java

language.

Previous team members of BlueJ include:

Phil Stevens

Marion Zalk

Poul Henriksen

Cecilia Vargas

Bruce Quig

Damiano Bolla

Andrew Patterson

Clive MilleR

John Rosenberg

The current staff includes:

Michael Kölling

Ian Utting

Davin McCall

Neil Brown

Amjad Altadmri

Fabio Hedayioglu


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming


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Features of BlueJ:

1. BlueJ is having a smaller and simpler interface unlike NetBeans or Eclipse. This allows

beginners to get started more quickly without any difficulties.

2. BlueJ is designed for teaching with good pedagogy in mind. There are many textbook written

on the BlueJ.

3. Interactive BlueJ allows us to interact with objects. we can inspect their value, call methods

on them, pass them as parameters and more. we can also directly invoke Java expressions

without compiling.

4. Portable BlueJ runs on Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and other platforms which run Java. We

can also run BlueJ directly from our flash drive without any installation.

5. Innovative BlueJ has several features not seen before in other IDEs. Its object bench, code

pad, and scope colorings were all original BlueJ features.

SCREENSHOTS

SPLASH SCREEN


Kunal Banerjee

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To create a new project follow the below steps:

1) Open BlueJ

2) Click on project on menu bar

3) Click new project from drop down list

4) A look in box will open click on folder name.

5) Enter the project name.

6) Click create.

CREATING NEW CLASS



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To create a new class follow the below steps:

1) Click on new class button.

2) A dialogue box will open enter class name in the text box.

3) Click ok.

While doing naming to your class I recommend you to please follow the Camel case rule.

What is Camel Case ?

Camel Case is a naming convention in which a class name is formed of multiple words that are

joined together as a single word with the first letter of each of the multiple words capitalized so

that each word that makes up the name can easily be read.

Example: If you want to give a name sum digit to your class then you can write it as: - SumDigit

Is it necessary to follow camel case rule?

No it is not necessary to follow java camel case rule but as a programmer we should obey the

rules of the java that has been documented.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN JDK AND JRE

We have heard about JDK and JRE before. We know that before installing BlueJ we need a JDK

to be installed to run our program on the computer where we are going to develop the application

software.so let us elaborate these two things in details.

JDK: - JDK stands for Java development kit. The acronym itself defines the meaning that it is a

development kit use to develop the application software as well as applets. The JDK actually

consist of JRE + development tools (libraries, compiler, loader, archives) etc…..

The developer that develops software‘s doesn‘t only build the software, they also need to run that

software on their machine to check for the errors before delivering to the client so the JDK is

accumulated with JRE.

So we can say JDK= JRE + development tools.

It is to note that JDK is purely made for Java developers.

JRE: - JRE stands for java runtime environment. When a developer build a software and it is

being delivered to the client then the client computer don‘t need JDK because client is not going

to develop a software .Client is only responsible to run that software. So to run the software the

client needs a JRE that provide an environment to run the java applications. We know that java

works on byte code and JVM is responsible to run the program so we can say that:-

JRE = JVM + Java Packages + runtime libraries.

So we can download JRE separately to run on our computer. You don‘t need JDK to make JRE

available for your computer.


Kunal Banerjee

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Let‘s discuss about some input and output syntax of java.

OUTPUT STATEMENT:

Whenever we write a program we need to display something on our output screen. The output

can be any number, character or String. But we should always keep in our mind that whatever

the output we get it is always a string. which means it‘s a group of character or may be a simple

character but it will always be in the form of string.

The output statement can be written in two different forms:

System.out.print():- when we need an output on the same line without moving the cursor to the

next line after producing the result we use these function.

Example:- System.out.print(“HI FRIENDS ”);

System.out.print(“WELCOME TO JAVA”);

OUTPUT: - HI FRIENDS WELCOME TO JAVA

System.out.println():- This function is use to pass the cursor to the next line of the screen after

producing the first result.

Example:- System.out.println(“HI FRIENDS ”);

System.out.println(“WELCOME TO JAVA”);

OUTPUT:- HI FRIENDS

WELCOME TO JAVA

While writing System.out.print() or println() always write the System‘s S in capital letter. In java

everything which belongs to class are always start with capital letter.

System.out.print():- System is a class.

out is a static object member.

print() or println() is a method used to print the string as line



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INPUT STATEMENT USING STREAM READER

Package to be use:- java.io.*

Here io means input/output. io.* is an input output package that is very essential to run a java

program. It is a built in package that has to be imported using the import command.

TAKING INPUT THROUGH BufferReader

Java has two kinds of classes for input and output (I/O): streams and readers/writers.

Streams (InputStream, OutputStream and everything that extends these) are for reading and

writing binary data from files, the network, or whatever other device.

Readers and writers are for reading and writing text (characters). They are a layer on top of

streams, that converts binary data (bytes) to characters and back, using a character encoding.

Reading data from disk byte-by-byte is very time taking. One way to speed it up is to use a

buffer instead of reading one byte at a time, we read a few thousand bytes at once, and put them

in a buffer, in memory. Then we can look at the bytes in the buffer one by one.

We can say a buffer is a temporary storage area within a memory.

Streams: Streams are flows of data you can either read from, or write to. Streams are typically

connected to a data source, or data destination, like a file, network connection etc.

HOW TO USE BufferedReader:

You should declare a bufferReader to store the data values at the time of execution along with

the IOExecption with a main function.

Public static void main (String args []) throws IOException

{

InputStreamReader read=new InputStreamReader (System.in);

BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader (read);

}


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding

Kunal Banerjee

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Syntax to accept values using BufferedReader:

1) To accept an integer value

int a=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());

2) To accept floating value

float a=Float.parseFloat(in.readLine());

3) To accept a double data type value

double a=Double.parseDouble(in.readLine());

4) To accept a character data type value

char a=(char)(in.read());

5) To accept a String value

String a=in.readLine();

Why we should learn Java Programming Language

1) Java is Easy to learn

2) Java is an Object Oriented Programming Language

3) Java has Rich API

4) Powerful development tools e.g. Eclipse , Netbeans

5) Great collection of Open Source libraries

GERNERAL QUESTION & ANSWER

Q1) Why is BlueJ not being displayed in

Windows 7?

ANS:- The latest version of BlueJ is known

to work in Windows 7. Version 3.1.0 is

optimized to run in Windows 2000, XP,

Vista or newer. Java 7 needs to be installed

for this application to run properly.

Q2) Can BlueJ work on Windows 8.1?

ANS:- Yes, BlueJ is compatible with

Windows 8.1. In fact, the developer

mentioned on its official website that the

environment is compatible with Windows

2000, XP, Vista or newer. This means you

have the possibility to install the application

along with JDK in Windows 7, Windows 8,

Windows 8.1, and Windows 10.

ANS:- Latest version of Bluej is 4.0.0.

Q4) What are the new features available

in Bluej 4.0.0?

ANS:- The new features available in java

version 4.0.0 are as follows:-

1)it adds tabbed editors,

2)automatic error-checking,

3)adds display of multiple errors and has

most of the BlueJ interface rewritten into

JavaFX.

Q4) what is javaFX?

ANS: - JavaFX is a set of graphics and

media packages that enables developers to

design, create, test, debug, and deploy rich

client applications that operate consistently

Q3) What is the latest version of Bluej?

across diverse platforms.

JavaFX Script works with integrated


Kunal Banerjee

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development environments such as

NetBeans, Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA.

Q5) How do I clear the terminal?

ANS: - You can also clear the terminal

programmatically from within your

program. Printing a form feed character

(unicode 000C) clears the BlueJ terminal,

for example:

System.out.print('\u000C');

This will work in the BlueJ terminal, but is

not guaranteed to have the same effect in all

terminals.

*****

GUIDE TO INSTALL BLUEJ

Download Bluej form website:- https://www.bluej.org/ (official website)

Installation

Windows:

1. Double-click the install file (bluej-309.msi).

2. This will run a standard installation. Follow the instructions on screen.

The installer will install the executable bluej.exe. Execute this to run

BlueJ.

3. When executing BlueJ you might get dialog from the firewall asking you

whether you want to block or unblock BlueJ; we recommend that you

choose not to block BlueJ.

4. If you have more than one Java version installed, BlueJ will let you select

your preferred version the first time it is executed. This can be changed

later by running the "Select BlueJ VM" utility from the Start menu.

(.msi stands for Microsoft installer)



9

Chapter 1

Object Oriented Programing (OOP) ______________________________________________________________________________

In this chapter, we will learn about basic concepts of OOPs. Object Oriented Programming is a

concept that deals with inheritance, data binding, polymorphism, Encapsulation etc.

The concept of OOPs was first implemented in the programming language Simula67. The

Program where everything is represented as an object is known as truly object-oriented

programming language.

Before going to learn about OOPs let us see that what procedure oriented approach is:

Procedural programming is a type of computer programing language which specifies a series of

well-structured steps and procedures to compose a program. Here all the codes are arranged in a

systematic order and each code get executed one after another in the form of series.

This type of approach is known as top to down approach.

Examples of procedural languages include FORTRAN, COBOL and C, which have been around

since the 1960s and 1970s.

Procedural programming is very complicated as the issue that is obvious in Procedural

Programming is that if an editing is needed to the program, the developer must edit every line of

code that corresponds to the original change in the code. An example would be if at the

beginning of a program a variable was set to equal the value of 5 and if other sub-procedures of

the program rely on that variable equaling 5 to function properly they will also need to be edited.

As more and more changes may be needed to the code, it becomes increasingly difficult to locate

and edit all related elements in the program.

Before writing a procedural program we must have a clear blueprint of our program and we

should clearly know the sequence to execute our program.

DISADVANTAGE OF PROCEDURE ORIENTED PROGRAMING

1) it is not as fast to run compared with code written in a lower-level language.

2) It struggles to handle situations in which a number of possible actions may lead to the desired

result.

3) Programmers need to specialize in a specific procedural programming language, because

each language is suitable for a certain type of application and it is difficult to learn them all.

Diagrammatic representation of procedural programing:-


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Sample Copy. Not For Distribution. ICSE Simplified Java With BlueJ for Class X Kunal Banerjee BCA, MSC.IT Jamshedpur-831011 (Jharkhand) EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011) ... vii