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Presentation to the 3rd International Workshop and 7th Annual Meeting of Water
Environment Partnership in Asia
SANIMAS SANIMAS –– Community Based Sanitation Community Based Sanitation SmallSmall ScaleScale DomesticDomestic WastewaterWastewater
Nanda Lasro Elisabet Sirait
Directorate General of Human Settlements
Nanda Lasro Elisabet Sirait
Directorate General of Human Settlements
Small Small Scale Scale DomesticDomestic Wastewater Wastewater TreatmentTreatment
Directorate General of Human SettlementsDirectorate General of Human Settlements
M I N I S T R Y O F P U B L I C W O R K SD I R E C T O R A T E G E N E R A L O F H U M A N S E T T L E M E N T S
Indonesia at a GlanceIndonesia at a GlanceII
Population up to 230 million
with 57,86% live in rural areas
(Statistics Indonesia, 2009)
17,504 islands 1,890,754 km2
(Statistics Indonesia, 2009)
GDP per capita US$ 4,149
(Moody’s Index, 2009)
Human Development Index
1
p
ranking 111 of 182 countries
(UNDP, 2009)
2
Problems and ChallengesProblems and ChallengesIIII
Sanitation
2
Low access to sanitation facility in the community
Problems and ChallengesProblems and ChallengesIIII
SanitationIndustrial waste water
without treatmentOpen defecation
Makeshifts Latrines
Waste in drainage channel Illegal dumping of
sewage sludge
3Washing and bathing in
polluted rivers
3
Problems and ChallengesProblems and ChallengesIIII
Sanitation
Sanitation in Indonesia in Year 2009 (BPS, 2010)
4
Improved Sanitation: Public/shared/private toilet with water closet and septic tank.
Millennium Development GoalsMillennium Development GoalsIIIIII
Goal 7 Target 10to halve the number of people without access to clean water and basic sanitation facilities by 2015
1993 2007 2009 TARGET 2015(%) (%) (%) (%)
AProportion of Population with Access to Water Supply
37,73 52,10 47,71 68,87
- Protected Non-Piped System (in urban areas) 87,60 49,82 78,19- Protected Non-Piped System (in rural areas) 52,10 45,72 61,60
B Piped Water Supply System 25,56 41,03
MDGs PROGRESS REPORT 2009No. INDICATOR
5
- Urban areas 30,80 43,96 68,32- Rural areas 9,00 11,54 19,76
C Improved Sanitation 24,74 68,00 51,02 62,37- Urban Households 81,80 59,55 78,30- Rural Households 60,00 34,00 55,54
4
Policies and StrategiesPolicies and StrategiesIVIV
Wastewater
1. Increase access to wastewater facilities, both on-site and off-site systems, in
urban and rural areas to improve community’s health
2. Increase both community and private sectors participation in the management
of wastewater
3. Developing Regulations Related to Domestic Waste Water Management
4. Strengthening Institution and Improving Operator’s Capacity Related to Waste
Water Management
5. Increasing and Developing Alternatives of Financial Resources for Sanitation
6
5. Increasing and Developing Alternatives of Financial Resources for Sanitation
Strategic Plan 2010-2014Strategic Plan 2010-2014VV
Wastewater
1. Improving the Quality of Wastewater Infrastructure
Objective: to improve the quality of housing environment and access to
basic infrastructures to improve community’s wellbeing
Programme: Wastewater Infrastructure Development (On-site System)
Target: 210 locations in 32 provinces
7
5
• Old Paradigm(before 2005)
• New Paradigm
Paradigm ChangesParadigm ChangesVIVI
TARGET
ORIENTED
• No sense of belonging
PUBLIC NEEDS
ORIENTED
• Community involvement
8Pioneer : World Bank, BORDA NGO and Watsan Working Group
g g
• Neglected sanitatin
system
• Sustainable sanitation
system
SANIMASSANIMASVIVIII
To improve access for poor community in urban areas and community inrural areas with limited access towards sanitation
Objective
To have community based sanitation as an alternative choice for a sustainable sanitation infrastructure
Requirements: - Slum area in urban areas with population density of > 150 pe / ha
Will not polluted water supply sources e g surface water and ground
9
- Will not polluted water supply sources e.g. surface water and ground water
- SANIMAS construction is built with cheap local material- Alternative of technology is chosen by the community according to local
needs
6
SANIMASSANIMASVIVIII
• Demand Responsive Approach/DRA
• Participative
Principles
B i P i i l f Alt ti T h l
• Participative
• Multi-sources of Funding
• Technical Options
• Self-selection Process
• Capacity Building
10
Basic Principles of Alternative Technology:- cost consideration- efficient- ease in operation and maintenance- low energy usage- appropriate technology
•Preparation of Facilitators•(Selection, training)
•Letter of Intend
•- Selected city •- MoU• Selected facilitator
•Location, facitators, MoU
•Preparation•Sosialization, Workshop
SANIMAS – Implementation MechanismsSANIMAS – Implementation MechanismsVVIIII
(Se ect o , t a g)
• Community Action Plan
•Selected Location
•- Selected facilitator
•Preparation of Community Based Organisation (CBO)
•Training of CBO
Location Selection•Longlist , Shortlist
•Organization, alternative of technology, DED, Budgeting, activity schedule
•Preparation of Community Action Plan
11
•- Training for operators•- Socialization for users
•Infrastructure is ready to use•Implementation and supervision by community
•Construction
•O & M• Efluen meets the standards• Reducing of waterborne deseases
• Sustainable infrastructure
7
•Sewerage system
SANIMAS – Fill the GAPSANIMAS – Fill the GAPVIVIII
CONVENIENCE • On-site system
• CBS system
12COST
SANIMAS – REPLICATION 2006-2009SANIMAS – REPLICATION 2006-2009VIVIII
Year ProvinceRegency /
MunicipalityLocation
Technology User
Public shared
Communal Combine HH Inhabitantshared
toiletsewerage system
HH Inhabitant
2006 20 53 65 54 8 3 5.700 23.886
2007 22 80 125 100 22 3 11.894 55.753
2008 16 69 108 81 17 10 11.061 48.984
2009 17 65 97 74 14 9 7.200 36.017
13
Total 22 124 395 309 61 25 35.855 164.640
2011 : 17 Provinces, 54 Location
8
Location selection should follow the SANIMAS guidelines
SANIMAS – Success FactorsSANIMAS – Success FactorsVIVI
g
Involvement of the community since the beginning will increase their sense of belonging
Access to clean water is available (tap water, surface water, ground water etc.)
14
Community involvement since the beginning of the program became an important factor for sustainable development
SANIMAS – Lesson LearnedSANIMAS – Lesson LearnedVIVI
Community development consume about 70% of implementation time
Community need technical assistance and supervision for SANIMAS construction
After construction, we should never forget the CBO, they still need an advisory
Capacity building for all stakeholder including local
15
p y g ggovernment
Difficulty to find a land for WWT can be solved with creativity (under path way, social facility, public facility etc.)
9
MCK++(Public shared toilet) with BIOGAS SYSTEM
at KEDIRIMUNICIPALITY
16•16 •16
COMMUNAL WASTEWATER SYSTEM AT BLITAR/PASURUAN
MUNICIPALITY
17•17
COMMUNAL WASTEWATER SYSTEMAT DENPASAR MUNICIPALITY
10
BlitarCommunal system
PasuruanCommunal system
DenpasarCommunal system
18
Sidoarjo RegencyPublic shared toilet
KediriPublic shared toilet
MojokertoPublic shared toilet
Courtesy to BORDA and Partners
11
SANIMAS - ParticipativeSANIMAS - Participative
SOCIALIZATION IN YOGYAKARTA
SANIMAS - ParticipativeSANIMAS - Participative
CONSTRUCTION IN YOGYAKARTA
12
FINISHING PROCESS
SANIMAS - ParticipativeSANIMAS - Participative
22
SANIMAS - Multi-sources fundingSANIMAS - Multi-sources funding
Central Central
SANIMAS LocalLocalgovernmentgovernment
governmentgovernment
Province Province governmentgovernment
23
Donor/Private/Donor/Private/NGONGO
CommunityCommunity
13
SANIMAS FUNDING per LOCATION 2006-2009
1. Community empowerment cost : 15% Local government,
15% NGO of construction cost
1. Construction Cost :
• Central Gov. : Rp. 100 M
• Local Gov. :Rp. 200 M
• Community : 2-4 % (in-cash), land, labor, local material etc
3 O ti l C t
24
3. Operational CostResponsibility of each stakeholder
No. ActivitiesCentral Gov.
Local Gov.
BORDA Community
I Preparation √ √
SANIMAS FUNDING MECHANISM FY 2008
II Kampong Selection √ √
III Community Action Plan Preparation
√ √
IV Community development
√ √ √
V Construction-MaterialSalary
√ √√
√√
25
-Salary-Land
√√
√√
VI Facilitator √ √ √
VII O & M √ √
VIII Monitoring & Evaluation
√ √ √
14
Operation and Maintenance
Public Share Toilet– for 250 inhabitantsI. O & M Cost
Expenses Rp /month
1. Operator & guard Regional miniimum wage 420,000.00
2. Electricity 1300 Watt (pump + lighting) 180,000.00
3. Sludge desludging Rp. 500,000,-/ 2 years 21,000.00
4. Sanitizer Soap, detergen, vixal etc 60,000.00
5. Pump maintenance Rp. 100,000,- / year 9,000.00
6. Others Bulb,paint, mob etc. 75,000.00
Total O& M 765,000.00
26
Total O& M 765,000.00
II. Contribution
Activity Rp. / use
1. Shower 150 - 500
2. Toilet 150 - 500
3. Washing + water 150 - 500
Note : cost calculation for 2006
Operation and Maintenance
Communal Wastewater System– for 750 inhabitants
O&M Cost Rp./month
I. ToiletOM cost is responsibility of the userII. House connection
III. Main pipe and WWT
1. Operator Inspection 4x/month : WWT, main pipe, secondary pipe @ Rp. 25.000,- / Inspection
100,000.00
2. Desludging every 2 years Rp. 500.000,- 21,000.00
27
g g y y p , ,
3. Others: pipe repairment, box control , WWT. Assumption: pipe repairment 40 m' per 2 years
45,000.00
Total O & M 166,000.00
Household contribution per month 1,952.94
Round-up 2,000.00
Note : cost calculation for 2006
15
SANIMAS
Technical OptionsTechnical Options
4th ComponentDisposal /
Reuse Option
3rd ComponentTreatment
Choices
Choices
5th ComponentOperation
and MaintenanceChoices
28
Treatment
2nd ComponentPiping System
1st ComponentToilet Choices
Choices
Communal Septic Tank
Communal Wastewater System
29
Public Share Toilet ++
16
Test result of CBS Small scale sewerage system with Dewats technology at Kampung Ngampilan Yogyakarta, 11 November2003
Effluent Test ResultEffluent Test Result
ParameterParameter ResultResultDomestic wastewater Domestic wastewater
effluent standardseffluent standards**
BODBOD 39 mg/l39 mg/l 50 mg/l50 mg/l
CODCOD 55 mg/l55 mg/l 100 mg/l100 mg/l
TSSTSS 22 mg/l22 mg/l 30 mg/l30 mg/l
2003
•* Source : Environmental Minister Decree No 112 /2003 about do
30
• Source : Environmental Minister Decree No. 112 /2003 about domestic wastewater effluent standards
behavioral changes
•SANIMAS
31•31