Upload
others
View
11
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
SANITATION & HYGIENE
PROMOTION IN EMERGENCY
SITUATION - WITH SPECIAL
EMPHASIS ON NWFP IDP’s
NWFP IDP EMERGENCY
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
3
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
4
Gender wise Distribution
Male,
28960, 51%Female,
28168, 49%
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
5
Age wise distribution
> 6
0 y
ears
, 1231, 2
%
18-59 years,
19964, 35%
< 5 years,
10810, 19%
5-11 years,
17129, 30%
12-17 years,
7987, 14%
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
6
Breakdown by Age
Above 60
2%
B/w 12 and 17
14 %B/w18 and 59
41%
Below 5
16%
B/w 5 and 11
27%
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
7
IDP’s in Camps and Off Camps
IDP’S IN CAMPS 200,000
IDP’S OFF CAMPS 2,400,000
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
8
CAMP ESTABLISHMENT
WATER SANITATION AND
HYGIENE (WASH) RESPONSE
IN CAMPS
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
10
WASH Cluster
WASH Cluster is activated since August 2008, initially for
the NWFP Flood Emergency response. Later on the IDP
Emergency due to Conflict became the major Focus. So far
35 Coordination meetings have taken place in Peshawar.
There are more than 45 members in the WASH Cluster.
Recently Coordination mechanism has also been activated
in Districts Mardan and Swabi.
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
11
WATER SUPPLY
• It is being ensured that safe drinking water supply, as
per SPHERE guidelines (minimum 15 lpcd), through
Tankering (75% IDPs) and tube wells (25%).
• Tue Wells/Bore holes construction are under process
to minimize Tankering.
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
12
WATER SUPPLY- Response to
Emergency
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
13
Water Supply-Response to
Emergency
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
14
Water Supply Issues
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
15
Sanitation
The means of collecting and disposing of excreta
and community liquid wastes in a hygienic way so
as not to endanger the health of individuals and the
community as a whole (WHO-1987).
Areas to be addressed:
1. To provide adequate excreta disposal for displaced
people.
2. Promotion of good excreta disposal practices
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
16
Latrine – The first barrier
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
17
Sphere Guidelines
Excreta disposal standard 1: access to, and
numbers of, toilets: People have adequate numbers
of toilets, sufficiently close to their dwellings, to allow
them rapid, safe and acceptable access at all times of
the day and night. max. of 20 per toilet.
Excreta disposal standard 2: design, construction
and use of toilets: Toilets are sited, designed,
constructed and maintained in such a way as to be
comfortable, hygienic and safe to use.
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
18
Excreta Control and Disposal: Sanitation
Ladder
Family Latrines
VIP/pour flush Latrines
Direct drop Pit Latrines
Trench Latrines
Controlled Open Defecation Fields
Clean-up Programme through volunteers
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
19
How should our latrine design
be?
1. Culturally acceptable
2. Affordable
3. Rapid construction
4. Maintainable
5. Easy to clean
6. Safety & protection
7. Fly/mosquito/(odour) control
8. Adapted and suitable for children, older folks, people with HIV Aids
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
20
Sanitation- Response to IDP
Emergency.
• Sanitation & Hygiene promotion activities
(Construction of Pit Toilets, Bathing places, Washing
points, Solid Waste Collection points, Health Hygiene
promotion sessions, hygiene kits, buckets jerry cans
and other NFI’s distribution) as per SPHERE
guidelines are being provided.
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
21
Sanitation- Response to
Emergencies
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
22
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
23
Issues
1. Sudden and Huge Influx.
2. Operation & Maintenance.
3. Adaptation to the Camp Environment.
4. Behavior Change.
5. Natural Hazards.
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
24
Field Issues
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
25
Field Issues
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
26
Field Issues: Behavior Change
1. The Overall Sanitation Coverage of NWFP is less
than 40 % (People are not used to Toilets!)
2. Since May 1, 2009 influx of IDP’s in Camps have
been more than 4000 persons per day.
3. In the present crisis there are some Camps with
number of IDP’s more than 50,000. Disease
outbreak is very rapid in congested environments.
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
27
Behavior Change
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
28
Results
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
29
Issue.
Number of Acute Watery Diarrhea Cases witnessed a
sudden increase. Hand Pumps Water was highly
contaminated. Ground Water Table was very high.
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
30
Response.
1. Through WHO/PCRWR immediately tested the Hand Pump
Water and found to be highly contaminated.
2. Through Government (LGRDD/TMA Mardan) immediately
removed the Hand Pumps.
3. Through UNICEF support started WASH interventions (Water
Tankering, Chlorination, installation of Solid Waste Collection
Mechanism, Health Hygiene Education etc).
4. TMA Mardan took responsibility for installation of Deep Bore
Hole and Outside Camp Solid Waste collection and disposal.
5. AWD was controlled within one week.
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
31
Proportion of AWD cases at Sheikh
Yaseen IDP Camp, Mardan
Proportion of acute diarrhoea at Sheikh Yaseen IDP Camp, Mardan
(20-Aug to 12 Oct 2008)
27313030302930
25
15
3234
32
252119
14
2324
1919%25%
31%32%
24%
18%
26%26%
19%
8%12%
19%20%
11%
20%22%
41%42%35%
31%27%
62%
31%
16%24%23%21%
15%13%17%
21%
26%26%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Au
g-2
021
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Sep
t-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1-O
ct
2-O
ct 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
Date
Pe
rce
nta
ge
UNICEF IDPs Relief activities in NWFP,
32
Long Live
Pakistan