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8/6/2019 Sanket Project
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Control &Control &
coordinationcoordination
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped
and supported me during the writing of this prestigious
powerpoint presentation. My deepest thanks to
Lecturer, [Mrs. Harwinder mam] the Guide of theproject for guiding and correcting various documents of
mine with attention and care. She has taken pain to go
through the project and make necessary correction as
and when needed. Thanks and appreciation to the helpful
people at my school & home for their full support.
ThanxThanx mammam,, frnzfrnz. & students. & students
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BibliographyAll the information in this ppt is
collected from the mentioned sources ²
1. INTERNET google.com , slideworld.com, youtube.com etc.
2. N.C.E.R.T BOOK
control & coordination
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Functioning of
nerves
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Nervous System
Nervous System
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)
Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)
Autonomic Nervous System
(ANS)(involuntary)
Autonomic Nervous System
(ANS)(involuntary)
Somatic nervous
System (voluntary)
Somatic nervous
System (voluntary)
Sympathetic Nervous
System
Sympathetic Nervous
System
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
Parasympathetic
Nervous System
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Working of Nervous SystemWorking of Nervous System
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PNSPNS
CNSCNS
1. Autonomic(involuntary)
nervous system
2. Somatic
(voluntary)nervous system
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StimulusStimulus
Sensory System
CNS
Motor System (neurone)Somatic system
(voluntary)
Autonomic system
(involuntary)
Striated muscle Smooth muscle & glands
Effe ctor
ResponseResponse
(Brain / spinal cord)
(neurone)
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Brain protected by cranium
Spinal cord by vertebral column
Brain protected by cranium
Spinal cord by vertebral column
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W orking of human
brain
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Cerebro-spinal fluid: supplies oxygen & nutrients;
absorbs shock; maintain shape & prevent collapse
Cerebro-spinal fluid: supplies oxygen & nutrients;
absorbs shock; maintain shape & prevent collapse
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Hypo
thalamus
1b 1c1e
1e
1e
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1. Numerous convolution - more neurones
2. Voluntary function3. Left half controls the right side of body
while right half controls the left side of body
4. Right hemisphere ± spatial & musical sense5. Left hemisphere ± mathematical & language
1. Numerous convolution - more neurones
2. Voluntary function3. Left half controls the right side of body
while right half controls the left side of body
4. Right hemisphere ± spatial & musical sense5. Left hemisphere ± mathematical & language
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Degree of representation of the different
muscles of the body in the motor cortex
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1. Sensory areas ± r eceive impulse form
different receptors.
2. Motor areas ± send out impulse to different
effectors
3. Association areas - integ r ating , inter pr eting and stor ing infor mation, memory, lear ning ,
r easoning & intelligence
1. Sensory areas ± r eceive impulse form
different receptors.
2. Motor areas ± send out impulse to different
effectors
3. Association areas - integ r ating , inter pr eting and stor ing infor mation, memory, lear ning ,
r easoning & intelligence
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Cerebellum
Medullaoblongata
Cerebrum
Pituitary gland
S inal cord
Ventricle
Hypothalamus
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1. Made of 2 cerebellar hemispheres
2. Right half control left side and left half
control right side
3. Coordinate (but not initiate) muscle
contraction (voluntary) and maintain
balance & posture (involuntary)
4. Well developed in fast moving animals
(e.g birds & fishes)
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1. Main control centre for
autonomic nervous
system (e.g. heartbeat,
blood pressure)
2. Receives impulse from
internal organ and
relays to effector (viamedulla and spinal)
3. Monitor hormone (e.g.
thyroxine), metabolite
(e.g. CO2) & body
temperature
4. Linkage of nervous &
hormonal system
Hypo
thalamus
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1. Control unconscious &
involuntary actions
(influenced by impulsesfrom hypothalamus)
2. Brain r eflex cent r e to
regulate autonomic
activities (heart rate,
blood pressure,
ventilation, swallowing,
salivation, sneezing,
vomiting and coughing).
3. Contains
chemoreceptors
(e.g. pH)
1. Control unconscious &
involuntary actions
(influenced by impulsesfrom hypothalamus)
2. Brain r eflex cent r e to
regulate autonomic
activities (heart rate,
blood pressure,
ventilation, swallowing,
salivation, sneezing,
vomiting and coughing).
3. Contains
chemoreceptors
(e.g. pH)
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1.C oor dinating cent r e for
involuntary reflex action
2.Provide pathwa y for
transmitting impulse to and f r om the br ain that controls
voluntary actions
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PNSPNS
CNSCNS
1. Autonomic
(involuntary)
nervous system
2. Somatic
(voluntary)nervous system
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(2) Somatic Nervous System of PNS (voluntary)
(1) Autonomic Nervous System of PNS (involuntary)
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1. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System
2. Automatic and involuntary control
3. Control all internal organs (glands, smooth muscle,
cardiac muscle)
4. 2 systems act antagonistically to maintain a steady
internal environment
5. Motor neurones connect CNS to motor organ
1. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System
2. Automatic and involuntary control
3. Control all internal organs (glands, smooth muscle,
cardiac muscle)
4. 2 systems act antagonistically to maintain a steady
internal environment
5. Motor neurones connect CNS to motor organ
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Neurotransmitter
= noradrenalin
Widespread
effect
Withstand stress
/ emergency
adrenalin
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Neurotransmitter
= acetylocholine
Effect localized &
individual
Opposite tosympathetic
Maintain steady
state
Neurotransmitter
= acetylocholine
Effect localized &
individual
Opposite tosympathetic
Maintain steady
state
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Diffrence between sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervoussystem
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i
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Brain + lower
part of spinal
Middle part
of spinal
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Features Sympathetic Parasympathetic(1) Fibre from Thoracic,
lumbar
Cranial, sacral
(2) Neurotransmitter Noradrenalin Acetylcholine
(3) For Stressful Non-stressful
(4) Effect widespread localized
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1. Spinal reflex: spinal cord;
Cranial reflex: brain
2. Inborn, stereotyped, rapid,automatic
3. Unconscious & involuntary
(not involve cerebrum)
4. Cannot prevent nor modify
5. Instinctive behaviour &
immediate protection
1. Spinal reflex: spinal cord;
Cranial reflex: brain
2. Inborn, stereotyped, rapid,automatic
3. Unconscious & involuntary
(not involve cerebrum)
4. Cannot prevent nor modify
5. Instinctive behaviour &
immediate protection
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(1) Stimulus(1) Stimulus
(2) Receptor(2) Receptor
(3) CNS (spinal cord)(3) CNS (spinal cord)
(4) Effector(4) Effector
(5) Response(5) Response
sensory neurone
motor neurone
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b
c e
d
g
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b
c
e
d
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1. Acqui r ed (not inherited) through training or
learning.
2. Replace a normal stimulus by a unr elated stimulus to give same response.
3. Initial skills by voluntary; then become
unconscious (conditional reflex)
4. Enable animal to modify behaviour to adapt
the environment (i.e. avoid danger)
1. Acqui r ed (not inherited) through training or
learning.
2. Replace a normal stimulus by a unr elated stimulus to give same response.
3. Initial skills by voluntary; then become
unconscious (conditional reflex)
4. Enable animal to modify behaviour to adapt
the environment (i.e. avoid danger)
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Æ
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1. Intentional & conscious by thinking & reasoning
2. Receptor Spinal cord sensory area (cerebrum)
1. Intentional & conscious by thinking & reasoning
2. Receptor Spinal cord sensory area (cerebrum)
3. Association area
(cerebrum) for
integration &
decision.
4. Motor area(cerebrum) Motor
neurone Relay
Effector
3. Association area
(cerebrum) for
integration &
decision.
4. Motor area(cerebrum) Motor
neurone Relay
Effector
b
c
d
d
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SUBMITTED BY
N AME ² SA NKET AJ IN
CLASS ² XTH B
R.NO - 6
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The end