SANKOFA: Learning From The Past HIV/AIDS Prevention for African American College Students

SANKOFA: Learning From SANKOFA: Learning From The PastThe Past

HIV/AIDS Prevention HIV/AIDS Prevention for for

African American College StudentsAfrican American College Students

Angela Farris Watkins, PhDAngela Farris Watkins, PhDSpelman CollegeSpelman College

CHAMPS Annual Meeting– April 29, 2011

WEBINAR

Project GoalsProject Goals• 1. Enhance a HIV/AIDS Curriculum at 1. Enhance a HIV/AIDS Curriculum at

Spelman College and determine its Spelman College and determine its effectiveness on students enrolledeffectiveness on students enrolled

• 2. Sustain an HIV/AIDS prevention 2. Sustain an HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum at Spelman Collegecurriculum at Spelman College

• 3. Increase HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum 3. Increase HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum programming at Spelman College, by programming at Spelman College, by making it a requirement for all studentsmaking it a requirement for all students

Implementation of the Project Implementation of the Project

Year 5Year 5Objectives for Goal 1 (Effectiveness of Objectives for Goal 1 (Effectiveness of

Curriculum)Curriculum)• At the end of each curriculum, 100% of student At the end of each curriculum, 100% of student

enrolled will meet the following objectives at the enrolled will meet the following objectives at the level of 80% or better, as evaluated on the Mid-Term level of 80% or better, as evaluated on the Mid-Term and Final Exams:and Final Exams:

• demonstrate basic knowledge of HIV/AIDSdemonstrate basic knowledge of HIV/AIDS• identify basic modes of transmission of HIV identify basic modes of transmission of HIV • identify general current statistics of HIV and AIDS identify general current statistics of HIV and AIDS

with the African American community with the African American community • identify methods of HIV testing and treatment of HIVidentify methods of HIV testing and treatment of HIV

Curriculum Data From Curriculum Data From The YearThe Year

• Total Number of StudentsTotal Number of Students– Fall, 2010Fall, 2010 3434– Spring, 2011Spring, 2011 3636

Curriculum Data From Curriculum Data From The YearThe Year

• Mid-Term Exam DataMid-Term Exam Data– Fall, 2010Fall, 2010 100% met 80 or above100% met 80 or above– Spring, 2011Spring, 2011 100% met 80 or above100% met 80 or above

• Final Exam DataFinal Exam Data– Fall, 2010Fall, 2010 100% met 80 or above100% met 80 or above– Spring, 2011Spring, 2011 scheduled for May 4, scheduled for May 4,

20112011

Implementation of the Implementation of the ProjectProjectYear 5Year 5

Objectives for Goal 1 (Effectiveness of Objectives for Goal 1 (Effectiveness of Curriculum)Curriculum)

At the end of each curriculum, 100% of all student At the end of each curriculum, 100% of all student enrollees will complete 20 service-learning hours enrollees will complete 20 service-learning hours at an HIV/AIDS related agency in Atlanta, Georgia, at an HIV/AIDS related agency in Atlanta, Georgia, as evaluated by the service learning time log.as evaluated by the service learning time log.

• Service Learning DataService Learning Data– Fall, 2010Fall, 2010 50% completed all 20 hours50% completed all 20 hours– Spring, 2011Spring, 2011 to be submitted by May 4, 2011to be submitted by May 4, 2011

Implementation of the Implementation of the ProjectProjectYear 5Year 5Objectives for Goal 1 (Effectiveness of Objectives for Goal 1 (Effectiveness of

CurriculumCurriculumAt the end of each curriculum, 100% of At the end of each curriculum, 100% of student enrollees will implement an approved student enrollees will implement an approved social marketing initiative at the level of 90%, social marketing initiative at the level of 90%, as evaluated by a social marketing assignment as evaluated by a social marketing assignment rubric.rubric.

• Social Marketing DataSocial Marketing Data– Fall, 20010Fall, 20010 100% met 80 or above100% met 80 or above– Spring, 2011Spring, 2011 100% met 80 or above100% met 80 or above

National Social National Social MarketingMarketing

BET’s 106 and Park with Actress Keisha Knight Pulliam, featuring Spelman’s HIV Prevention Class for World AIDS Day

Implementation of the ProjectImplementation of the ProjectYear 5Year 5

Objectives for Goal 1 (Effectiveness of Curriculum

Before the implementation of social marketing, 100% of student enrollees will become certified Peer Health Educators as determined by the documentation from the Office of Health Services. **Red Cross certification was designated.

Peer Certification –Red CrossFall, 2010 100 % met 80 or aboveSpring, 2011 100% met 80 or above

Implementation of the ProjectImplementation of the ProjectYear 5Year 5

Objectives for Goal 1 (Effectiveness of Objectives for Goal 1 (Effectiveness of CurriculumCurriculum

• At the beginning of each curriculum 100% of At the beginning of each curriculum 100% of students enrolled will complete a pre-evaluation of students enrolled will complete a pre-evaluation of their attitudes toward risky sexual behaviors.their attitudes toward risky sexual behaviors.

• At the end of each curriculum 100% of students At the end of each curriculum 100% of students enrolled will complete a pre-evaluation of their enrolled will complete a pre-evaluation of their attitudes toward risky sexual behaviors.attitudes toward risky sexual behaviors.

• Pre and Post Evaluation of Risky AttitudesPre and Post Evaluation of Risky Attitudes– Fall, 2010Fall, 2010 97 % completion97 % completion– Spring, 2011Spring, 2011 to be determined by May 4, to be determined by May 4,

20112011

Implementation of the Implementation of the ProjectProject


• All student enrollees will All student enrollees will demonstrate a statistically significant demonstrate a statistically significant change between the pre and post change between the pre and post evaluations, for each semester, as evaluations, for each semester, as determined by statistical analysis. determined by statistical analysis.

AnalysesAnalyses• data collected from students enrolled in PSY data collected from students enrolled in PSY

200b over 7 academic semesters; total- 430 200b over 7 academic semesters; total- 430 (pre = 221, post = 209)(pre = 221, post = 209)

• statistical analyses were run to assess changes statistical analyses were run to assess changes in attitudes within and across semesters on six in attitudes within and across semesters on six content areas:content areas:– 1) condom use; 1) condom use; – 2) peer influence; 2) peer influence; – 3) HIV/AIDS personal risk perception; 3) HIV/AIDS personal risk perception; – 4) drug/alcohol use; 4) drug/alcohol use; – 5) safe sex planning; 5) safe sex planning; – 6) partner pressure.6) partner pressure.

Analyses (contd)Analyses (contd)• 5-point Likert-type scale with a response of “1” 5-point Likert-type scale with a response of “1”

as “totally disagree” and “5” as “totally agree”as “totally disagree” and “5” as “totally agree”

• Independent samples t-tests (2-tailed) were Independent samples t-tests (2-tailed) were conducted to evaluate whether post-course conducted to evaluate whether post-course survey scores, both overall and within each of survey scores, both overall and within each of the six question categories, were significantly the six question categories, were significantly different from pre-test scores; in other words, different from pre-test scores; in other words, whether a course that utilizes an HIV prevention whether a course that utilizes an HIV prevention curriculum changed the attitudes related to curriculum changed the attitudes related to sexual behavior over the course of a semester.sexual behavior over the course of a semester.

ResultsResults• When assessing overall attitude or When assessing overall attitude or

endorsement of risk across 7 endorsement of risk across 7 academic semesters, descriptive academic semesters, descriptive statistics indicated that post-test statistics indicated that post-test scores scores decreased in each semester, decreased in each semester, suggesting possible improvement in suggesting possible improvement in behavior and attitude behavior and attitude (see Table 1 (see Table 1 and Figure 1). and Figure 1).

SemesterTest Type

P valuePre Post

N M (SD) N M (SD)

Spring 2006 30 69.9 (18.8) 26 65.3 (17.9) .362

Fall 2006 27 70.8 (14.5) 25 64.7 (13.8) .126

Fall 2007 35 69.9 (15.9) 30 60.5 (13.1) .013*

Fall 2008 28 73.0 (18.9) 31 64.1 (18.7) .075

Spring 2009 33 79.2 (18.2) 34 65.5 (15.4) .001**

Fall 2009 35 70.5 (15.6) 32 60.4 (15.3) .009**

Spring 2010 33 72.0 (13.7) 31 62.1 (13.7) .005**

Table 1. Overall risk endorsement according to

test type and semester

Please note: Higher mean scores = greater endorsement of risky behavior, *p<.05, **p<.01

0102030405060708090

Pre Test Post Test

Spring 2006Fall 2006Fall 2007*Fall 2008Spring 2009**Fall 2009**Spring 2010**

Figure 1. Graphical representation of overall risk endorsement according to test type and semester

*p<.05, **p<.01

Cumulative test

averages

Results (contd)Results (contd)• the greatest improvement was seen in the the greatest improvement was seen in the

condom use category condom use category • There were no significant improvements in There were no significant improvements in

the peer influence category for any semester the peer influence category for any semester • When evaluating HIV/AIDS personal risk, When evaluating HIV/AIDS personal risk,

two academic semesters, Fall 2008 and two academic semesters, Fall 2008 and Spring 2009, yielded significant Spring 2009, yielded significant improvements from pre- to post- completion improvements from pre- to post- completion of the course, and one semester, Spring of the course, and one semester, Spring 2010, approached significance2010, approached significance

Results (contd)Results (contd)• In the drug/alcohol use category, the Fall In the drug/alcohol use category, the Fall

2009 semester showed a reduction in post-2009 semester showed a reduction in post-survey scores that approached significance survey scores that approached significance

• For both the safe sex planning and partner For both the safe sex planning and partner pressure categories in Spring 2009, pressure categories in Spring 2009, significant differences in endorsement of significant differences in endorsement of risky behavior were seen pre- to post- risky behavior were seen pre- to post- course completioncourse completion

Results (contd)Results (contd)• Significant findings while minimal in some Significant findings while minimal in some

semesters were semesters were found across all content areas found across all content areas except two, peer influence and drug/alcohol except two, peer influence and drug/alcohol useuse. The . The Fall 2007, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Fall 2007, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, and Spring 2010 and Spring 2010 academic semesters academic semesters revealed the greatest improvement from pre- revealed the greatest improvement from pre- to post- with the Spring 2009 semester to post- with the Spring 2009 semester showing the most improvement overall and showing the most improvement overall and across four out of six question categories across four out of six question categories (condom use, HIV/AIDS personal risk, safe sex (condom use, HIV/AIDS personal risk, safe sex planning, and partner pressure). planning, and partner pressure).



• At least 80% of the advisory committee At least 80% of the advisory committee will convene 3 times a year or more, as will convene 3 times a year or more, as determined by attendance records of determined by attendance records of meetings. meetings. -Ongoing communication via phone and -Ongoing communication via phone and

email.email.



• The curriculum will be updated by the end of The curriculum will be updated by the end of each year, by the advisory committee, with at each year, by the advisory committee, with at least 80% representation of the full least 80% representation of the full committee, determined by attendance committee, determined by attendance records of meetings. records of meetings. *In lieu of face to face *In lieu of face to face meetings, meetings, communication by phone and communication by phone and email.email.

• Curriculum Updated – see “ Year 5 Curriculum Updated – see “ Year 5 Activities”Activities”

Goal 1 ObjectiveGoal 1 Objective• A reference manual for the A reference manual for the

curriculum will be created by the curriculum will be created by the end of the Year 4 of the projectend of the Year 4 of the project– Met In Year 4 - See Curriculum Met In Year 4 - See Curriculum

ManualManual

Goal 2 ObjectiveGoal 2 Objective

• The HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum The HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum will be approved as a permanent one will be approved as a permanent one for Spelman College by the end of for Spelman College by the end of the project period, as determined by the project period, as determined by documentation from the Curriculum documentation from the Curriculum Committee.Committee.– Met in Year 3Met in Year 3

Goal 3 ObjectiveGoal 3 Objective• The HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum The HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum

will be approved by Spelman College will be approved by Spelman College administration, as a requirement for administration, as a requirement for all Spelman students, by the end of the all Spelman students, by the end of the project period, as determined by the project period, as determined by the official bulletin of Spelman College.official bulletin of Spelman College.

-Not Met. -Not Met.

Year 5 Activities Year 5 Activities • Implement Curriculum – Implement Curriculum – added “Truth added “Truth

Behind Hip Hop” viewing and discussionBehind Hip Hop” viewing and discussion• Implement procedures for mandating Implement procedures for mandating

curriculum as a requirement – curriculum as a requirement – Joined First Joined First Year Seminar and Curriculum PlanningYear Seminar and Curriculum Planning

• Identify additional funding to support the Identify additional funding to support the prevention curriculum - prevention curriculum - Submitted Proposal Submitted Proposal to Office of HIV/AIDS Policy MSI HIV to Office of HIV/AIDS Policy MSI HIV Prevention Sustainability Demonstration Prevention Sustainability Demonstration Initiative– Not awarded/fundedInitiative– Not awarded/funded

• Final Project Evaluation – Final Project Evaluation – In ProgressIn Progress

• Interview for Interview for PBS Frontline DocumentaryPBS Frontline Documentary

Other Year 5 Activities – World Other Year 5 Activities – World AIDS DayAIDS Day

• Presentation by Dazon Dixon Diallo, Presentation by Dazon Dixon Diallo, founder and President of Sister founder and President of Sister Love, Inc. “Healthy Loving is Love, Inc. “Healthy Loving is Healthy Living. Women Taking Risks Healthy Living. Women Taking Risks For Love In The Age of HIV/AIDS” For Love In The Age of HIV/AIDS”

• Testing Party- Food, DJ, Student Testing Party- Food, DJ, Student Organization CompetitionsOrganization Competitions

““HIV Is My Adversity. What’s HIV Is My Adversity. What’s Yours? Depression, Poverty, Yours? Depression, Poverty,

Jail, Pride, Drugs?”Jail, Pride, Drugs?”

World AIDS Day Lunch Time Speaker, David Robertson (diagnosed with HIV in 2007) - http://youtube/Stxc2uYPn5k

Final EvaluationFinal Evaluation• In ProgressIn Progress• Seeking New FundingSeeking New Funding• Updated Curriculum ManualUpdated Curriculum Manual

Documents

SANKOFA: Learning From The Past HIV/AIDS Prevention for African American College Students