Upload
others
View
9
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
第2回小角散乱解析法研究会@京大原子炉実験所, 2011.2.23‐24.
SANS・SAXSによるソフトマター研究
ー 高分子ミセルのナノ構造解析を中心として ー
京都大学・工学研究科・高分子化学専攻
松 岡
秀 樹
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
2
Research Interests
Si
F COOH
SO3-30
40
50
60
70
80
10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 1010
1
2
3
4
5
Sur
face
tens
ion
(mN
/m)
C (wt%)
UV
absorbance
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
20 60 100
Crit
ical
Bru
sh D
ensi
ty
DP of PSS chain nXR,NR
SANS, SAXS
Polymer conc.
Salt
Conc
小イオン
ミセルコア
イオン性コロナブラシイオン性コロナブラシイオン性コロナブラシ
イオン濃度
Analytical: 1~2MEffective: 0.1~0.2M
Polymer monolayer, polyelectrolyte brush on water surface“Non-Surface Activity”
Micellization
Stability against salt,Sphere / rod transition
Structural Transition
塩効果
Chain length, ratio
Anomalous behavior by polymerity
Ionic Amphiphlic Block Copolymers
Living Anionic Polymerization,Living Radical Polymerization (DEPN, RAFT)
No Salt Salt
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
超小角X線散乱装置
(USAXS)
X線小角散乱装置
(SAXS) Upgrade!!
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
ポリスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
5
Colloidal Crystal of polyelectrolyte grafted latex particles
G2S2
S2S2
Colloidal Crystal of polyelectrolyte grafted latex particles
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
コロイド結晶の解析例
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
コロイド結晶の三次元パラクリスタル理論による解析
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
Polymer Micelle
diffusion
Breathing?
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
1111
These Polymers are Non-Surface Active!
SiEtEt
Ph Ph MeCOOCH2CH2CH2SO3
-Na+Ph
H
n m
SO3- Na+
n m
SO3-Na+
These polymers become “Non-Surface Active” under suitable conditions of m:n and ionic strength
Non-surface active but form micelles in solution
SiEtEt
Ph Ph MeCOOHPh
H
-Na+
Amphiphilic Ionic Di(Tri)block Copolymers
C OO
S OOONa
m n
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
12
30
40
50
60
70
80
10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 1010
1
2
3
4
5
Sur
face
tens
ion
(mN
/m)
C (wt%)
UV
absorbance
: surface tension of aqueous solution: UV absorbance of aqueous solution
Surface tension of (Ip-h2)6 -b-(SSNa)50 aqueous solutions and hydrophobic dye adsorption (495 nm) as a function of polymer concentration.
UV absorbance
HON
N
Oil Orange SS(Hydrophobic dye)
Micelle Formation but No-AdsorptionSurface tension does not decrease, but cmc is detected by dye solubilization
Surface tension does not reduce.Very low foam formation activity. (no salt)However, there are micelles in solution.
n m
SO3-Na+
Surface Tension
Dye Solubilization
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
13
NaCl NaCl
nmH
SO -H+
SO3Na
Foam Formation and Salt EffectGood foam formation by salt addition, which is quite different from “normal surfactant”
Low-molecular weight ionic surfactant Ionic amphiphilic diblock copolymer
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
14Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
151515
Image Charge at the Interface----- The Origin of “Non-Surface Activity”
The image charges repulsion prevents polymer adsorption at water surface.
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
1616
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
高分子と低分子における鏡像電荷効果
高分子 低分子
電荷数が多く,疎水吸着に勝る場合がある. 鏡像電荷効果はあるが,疎水吸着が勝る.
電荷数1〜2個
C10〜C20
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
17
10-3
10-1
101
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
raw datacore-shell model fit.
� d(q
)/dΩ
(cm
-1)
q ( A -1)
10-3
10-1
101
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
raw dataPedersen model fit.
� d(q
)/dΩ
(cm
-1)
q ( A -1)
RC = 32 ÅRS = 69 Å
RC = 31 ÅS = 38 ÅRg = 14 Å
RC
RS
RC
SRg
Structure Analysis of Polymer Micelle by SANS
Core-Shell Model Pedersen Model
n m
SO3-Na+
(25:40)
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
18
Core-Corona Model and Effect of Polydispersity
Ref: M.Nakano et al., Macromolecules 1999, 32, 7437-7443
SAXS
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
19
RC
RS
RC
SRg
Structure Analysis of Polymer Micelle by SANSCore-Shell Model Pedersen Model
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 9688 (2005)
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
Cryo-TEM Image of Polyelectrolyte Grafted Latex Particles
22
10-4
10-2
100
102
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
d Σ(
q)/d
Ω (c
m-1 )
q ( Å -1)
F (131:54)
10-4
10-2
100
102
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
d Σ(
q)/d
Ω (c
m-1 )
q ( Å -1)
D (62:40)
10-4
10-2
100
102
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
d Σ(
q)/d
Ω (c
m-1 )
q ( Å -1)
C (38:50)
10-4
10-2
100
102
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
d Σ(
q)/d
Ω (c
m-1 )
q ( Å -1)
B (25:40)
SANS profiles for PIph2-b-PSSNa D2O solutions (1 wt %) without salt (filled circle) andwith1 M NaCl aq (open circle). Solid lines are fitting curves by a simple core-shell model.
Sphere to rod transition by longer hydrophobic chain and by salt addition
Longer hydrophobic chains
High salt concentration
SANS Profiles for PIph2 -b-PSSNa Micelles
q-1
n m
SO3-Na+
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
23
10-4
10-2
100
102
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
� d(q
)/dΩ
(cm
-1)
q ( A -1)
10-4
10-2
100
102
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
� d(q
)/dΩ
(cm
-1)
q ( A -1)
10-4
10-2
100
102
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
� d(q
)/dΩ
(cm
-1)
q ( A -1)
10-4
10-2
100
102
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
� d(q
)/dΩ
(cm
-1)
q ( A -1)
10-4
10-2
100
102
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
� d(q
)/dΩ
(cm
-1)
q ( A -1)
10-4
10-2
100
102
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
� d(q
)/dΩ
(cm
-1)
q ( A -1)
salt-free 0.01M NaCl 0.1M NaCl
0.5M NaCl 1M NaCl
-1
raw dataPedersen model fit.Core-shell model fit.
sphere 80% sphere 75%
sphere 100%
0.2M NaCl
sphere 94%
Micelle Structure: Sphere to Rod Transition by Salt Addition
n m
SO3-Na+
10-1
101
103
10-3 10-2 10-1
sphere + rod
sphere only
0.2 M NaCl
SANS
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
2424
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
70
80
90
100
10-5 10-3 10-1 101
shel
l thi
ckne
ss (n
m)
%S
phereC
S (%)
(65:40)
Salt concentration[mol/L]
Critical salt concentration
10-5
10-3
10-1
101
103
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
� d(q
)/dΩ
(cm
-1)
q ( A -1)
(65:40)
-10 M
1 M NaCl
(Ip-h2 )65 -b-(SSNa)40
10-1 1002
3
4
Sphere/Rod Transition and Micelle Structure Parameters
n m
SO3-Na+
P.Kaewsaiha, K.Matsumoto, H.Matsuoka,Langmuir, 23(18), 9162-9169 (2007).
SANS Analysis
Very Stable against Salt
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
2525小イオン
ミセルコア
イオン性コロナブラシイオン性コロナブラシイオン性コロナブラシ
イオン濃度
Analytical: 1~2MEffective: 0.1~0.2M
Mechanism of High Stability against Salt Addition of Polyelectrolyte Grafted Particles
small ions
micelle core
Polyelectrolyte brush
(corona)
ion concentration
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
26 26
Ionic Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
Water soluble
Molecular properties such as surface activity
Micelle FormationNanostructure Transition
Insoluble
Monolayer on the water surfaceNanostructure and Transition
Polyelectrolyte Brushat the Air/Water Interface
Synthesis of block copolym
ers by living polymerization
Non-Surface Activity
SAXSSANS
XRNR
27 27272727
Air-Water Interface X-ray Reflectometer (XR)
Air-Water Interface Neutron Reflectometer (NR)
XR ------- Electron Density NR ----- Scattering Length Density
RINT TTR-MA in our laboratory ARISA-II at J-Parc, Japan (formerly at KEK)
XG
Monochrometer
Ge(111)
Ge(111)
Monitor
Slit
SlitAttenuator
Scintillationcounter
Pressure sensorWilhelmyplate
LB trough
Barrier
LB trough coverKapton window
Sample stage
θs θd
Incident x-ray Reflected x-ray
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
2828
10 -10
10 -8
10 -6
10 -4
10 -2
10 0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
without salt0.01M0.11Mfit.fit.fit.
Ref
lect
ivity
[-]
Q [Å ] 2
3
4
5
6
7
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
without salt0.01M0.1M
b/v
(x10
-6) [
Å -2
]
Z [Å ]
35mN/m
MAA+D2O
Et2SB
D2O
Salt Concentration Dependence --- NR Profiles
Fig. NR profiles and scattering density profiles for poly(Et2 SB-d10 )23 -b- poly(MAA)49 monolayer monolayer on subphase with different NaCl concentrations at 35mN/m.
Increase of Roughness
35mN/m
Et2 SB layer
Et2 SB+MAA
+
+
++
+
+
+
poly ( Et 2SB -b -MAA)
Ph
Et2Si
m CPh2
H
Me COOH
n
hydrophobic hydrophilic
No Fit
XR can be fitted
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
2929
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
NaBr (H2O)
NaCl (D2O/H
2O)
NaBr (H2O)
NaCl (D2O/H
2O)
Nb
[10-6
Å-2
]
f [-]
z [Å ]10-9
10-7
10-5
10-3
10-1
101
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
1M NaCl (D2O)
1M NaBr (D2O)
1M Na Cl (D2O:H
2O=8:2 )
fit.fit.
Ref
lect
ivity
[-]
q [Å -1]
Contrast-Variation by NR --- Small Ion distribution
Fig. NR profiles and scattering density profiles for poly(Et2 SB-d10 )23 -b-poly(MAA)49 monolayer monolayer at 35mN/m on various subphase.
The same monolayer structure was evaluated from 1M NaBr system and
1M NaCl(D2 O/H2 O) system(No contribution from Cl- ions)
---> No contribution from Br- ions in NaBr system.
Nb(Cl-)=Nb(D2 O/H2 O)
+
+
++
+
+
+
poly (Et2SB-b-MAA)
Ph
Et2Si
m CPh2
H
MeCOOH
n
hydrophobic hydrophilic
No good agreement for 1M NaCl system
--> Contribution from Cl- ion distribution?
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
3030
Possible Cl- ion Distribution
Fig. NR profiles with fitting curve in which Cl- ion distribution is considered. (left)
Scattering length density obtained by the fitting. (right)
1M NaCl (D2O) profile was well fitted with taking the Cl- ion distribution into account with the same monolayer structure determined by contrast matching method.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
1M NaBr (D2O)
1M NaCl (D2O)
Nb
[10-6
Å-2
]
z [Å ]
35mN/m
Cl- ion
Profile for monolayer only
Concentrated Cl- ion layer just beneath the carpet layer
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
100
0 0.1 0.2 0.3
1M NaCl (D2O)
fit. with small ion distribution
3-box model fit.
Ref
lect
ivity
[-]
q [Å -1]
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
H. Matsuoka, E. Mouri, P. Kaewsaiha, Y. Furuya, Y. Suetomi, K. Matsumoto, N. Torikai, Trans. MRS-J, 32(1), 297-302 (2007). bc(Cl)=9.6, (Br)=6.8)
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
3131小イオン
ミセルコア
イオン性コロナブラシイオン性コロナブラシイオン性コロナブラシ
イオン濃度
Analytical: 1~2MEffective: 0.1~0.2M
Counterion and Salt Ion Distribution in the Polyelectrolyte Brush is unknown.
small ions
micelle core
Polyelectrolyte brush
(corona)
ion concentration
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto UniversityMatsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
32-34oC
38-42oC
PNIPAmPNIPAm
Diblock Diblock
Visual Observation of Phase Transition
Concn 1 mg/ml
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University32
PNIPAM
PNIPAM-b-PMAPTAC
33
温度による界面不活性/界面活性転移の制御
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
RT
45°C
PMAPTAC (カチオン性)やや界面活性?
PMAPTAC (カチオン性)やや界面活性?
PNIPAM(非イオン性水溶性)界面活性
PNIPAM(疎水性)界面活性
LCST 32°C
界面活性!
界面不活性!
分子が「疎水性」になると,界面「不」活性になる!?
34Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
界面不活性性の発現機構
三成分が平衡にある.鏡像電荷のため,水面での居心地が悪い
→
界面不活性+ミセル形成
疎水性増加
→
水面での居心地よりミセルでの居心地がより良くなる?
1) 2)
Matsuoka Laboratory, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University
鏡像電荷による静電反発
水/有機溶媒混合系を用いる事
により誘電率を変化させて界面不
活性性およびミセル形成挙動に与
える影響の調査
二つのモデル(Core-Shell model)
①コア中に溶媒は存在しない
②コアに有機溶媒だけ取り込まれている
Organic solvent ?
水/有機溶媒混合系での界面不活性性とミセル形成挙動
第63回
コロイドおよび界面化学討論会
主催:日本化学会
コロイドおよび界面化学部会
会期:2011年9月7日(水)〜9日(金)
会場:京都大学
吉田キャンパス
百周年時計台記念館
工学部・工業化学科講義室
共催:京都大学大学院工学研究科
協賛:京都大学・物質−細胞統合システム拠点
高分子学会,応用物理学会,日本中性子科学会など,約30の学協会に申請手続中
後援:日本化学会コロイドおよび界面化学部会関西支部
URL: http:// http://colloid.csj.jp/div_meeting/63th/ (2011年4月1日開設予定)
分子集合体の科学と技術
2-(1): 界面活性剤(界面活性剤単独
系・混合系、エマルションを含む)2-(2): 界面活性剤と他物質の相互
作用2-(3): 超分子・高次分子集合体
2-(4): ゲル
2-(5): 高分子溶液
2-(6): その他
組織化膜の科学と技術
3-(1): 単分子膜・LB膜
3-(2): 自己組織化膜
3-(3): 二分子膜(ベシクル・リポソー
ムなど)3-(4): 界面物性(気-液、液-液)
3-(5): その他
微粒子分散
系の科学と技術
4-(1): サスペンション
4-(2): 微粒子・ナノ粒子
4-(3): 高分子コロイド
4-(4): 界面電気現象
4-(5): レオロジー
4-(6): その他
固体表面・界面の科学と技術
5-(1): 固体表面構造と物性・機能
5-(2): 吸着と触媒
5-(3): 表面力・トライボロジー・走査
プローブ顕微鏡5-(4): 散乱・回折・分光法
5-(5): ミクロファブリケーション
5-(6): その他
応用・開発セッション6-(1): 企業開発研究(製品配布可)
6-(2): アカデミアにおける応用研究
S-1:界面・分散系の新デザイン:サーファクタン
トフリー分散系と界面吸着粒子の科学と工学
S-2:細胞と粒子の相互作用は,コロイド・界面科
学でどこまで理解できるのか?
S-3:液体のクラスター化にともなう新現象
S-4:ソフト界面分子膜科学の新展開
S-5:ナノ細孔物質の新現象・新機能
S-6:界面動電現象の科学と技術-計測とサイ
エンス・イノベーション
S-7:蛋白質/水界面の熱力学とATPエネル
ギー
一般セッション シンポジウム
バイオ関連セッション追加の方針