Sasi-Bosna

Sasi-Bosna

Bosna:

Similarly to what happened in Serbia, the Sasi arrived in Bosnia (or called by Sasi Wossn Wossen), in a first wave in the time of Ban Kulin (1180-1204) and, later, between 1243 and 1276, during the reign of King Stepan Uros I (Stefan Urosch), as the area at the time was an integral part of the Kingdom of Serbia. Moreover, the first evidence of the presence of Saxon miners in Bosnia in 1312 you have to mine Trenjica and in 1319 for that of Lipnik (now both in Serbia).

Other Saxons arrived in the fourteenth century, when King Stephen II and Tvrtko Kotromani (Twartko) encouraged the development of mines, which were private, as belonging to local landowners and managed by the Saxons, authorized by law to cut timber and forest make mining settlements wherever there were deposits to exploit. Saxon miners were added to this time even tailors and shoemakers.

Some Saxons became important figures of the Kingdom of Bosnia: one, named Hans Sasinovi (Sasinovi = son of the Saxon) appears frequently in the records and annals of the time, had "perpetual concession" a large estate and was sent several times representing the king Tvrtko in Ragusa. Another Saxon among pilgrims appropriately called the Saxon (Friar Saksonac Peregrin), was appointed vicar of the Catholic Bosnia in 1339/1340. In 1294 the documents of Ragusa amounted to some Bosnian surname Sasic ("Dominic uxor Jurs filii condam Desin Sasig"). In 1364, in the annals of the republic Dalmatian is cited a Petri Chanunssius Saxinovich. Milenko Filipovic believes the student to identify the names of Saxon origin, and names like Utman Alimanci.

The areas affected by the presence Bosnian Saxon were many, as you can see from the list below. Only some of these colonies, however, is often possible to reconstruct a partial history.

Arnautovii (Hill)

Azlice

Bihac

Bijelo Borje

Bjelogorci

Bjelovar

Bobovac

Bohorina

Borovica Gornja

Bosanska Kostajnica

Bosanska Krupa

Bosanski Grahovo

Bratunac

Brekovica

Brezik

Brgule

Bugojno

Busovaca

Crnica

Cazin

Datansko

Deevice

Diknii

Dimnice

Holistic

Dolovi

Donja Vijaka

Donji Lipnik

Drokovac

Dubost

Dusino

Fajtovci

Foa

Fojhar

Fojhari

Gojevii

Gornja Vijaka

Grabovik

Chisel (Prnjavor)

Chisel (SASE)

Grubanovii

Hadrovci

Hrea

Ivanice

Javornik

Jelake

Kadina Selo

Koranica

Kvarac

Krevine

Kresevo

Krievii

Lasovac

Slabs

Likar

Lipnik

Lisac

Livno

Ljetovik

Ljubija

Majdan

Majdan Planina

Miljevci

Mir

Minovii

Moevii

Modra

Naprelje

Nijemac

Oevlje

Orahovica

Olovo

Potok Ormanov

Ostrozac

Ostrun

Otis

Podvidaa

Pogar

Pokoj

Potocari

Prii

Radoevii

Ravne

Relja

Rijeka

Rudice

Rudine

Rudnik

Rudo

Sarajevo

Sas

Sas (FOCA)

SASE (Viegrad)

SASE (Srebrenica)

Sasek

aevci

Sasic (FOCA)

Sasina

Saski Potok

Saski C

akinovci

Sasko Polje (FOCA)

Semizova Ponikva

Seona

ibovi

ibovska

Sitne

Srebrenica

Stara Rijeka

Stari Majdan

Stojii

Tisovci

Trenjica

Tribija

Unukovii

Vares

I'll see Polje

Vuija Loka

Visoko

Viegrad

Viegradska Banja

Vinijii

Zarue

Zenka

Zlatari

Zubeta

Zvijezda (mountain range)

Zvornik

Arnautovii (formerly Hill): the Saxons seem to have settled in this small village, located near the town of Visoko. Surely there was here an important medieval Catholic community, as evidenced by the presence of the convent of St. Nicholas.

Azlice: not far from Bratunac and SASE, the Sasi, settled here in order to exploit the silver mines of the area.

Bihac: Call Wyhygha Civitatis Bihigiensis, Bihig , Byheg , Bichich , Bihag, Vywegh, Wyjgh in the documents of the time, the presence in the Saxon city, important center of the market, it is attested from the fourteenth century by a number of medieval documents. After the arrival of the Turks, the community Sasi disappeared completely, it is unknown whether by assimilation or why he returned to Hungary.

The same colony that settled in Bihac founded nuclei also Brekovica and Cazin. The Saxons were followed by numerous merchants Dubrovnik.

Bobovac: the area around the royal fortress of Bobovac attest to the presence of Saxon miners dedicated to the exploitation of mines in the surrounding mountains. Thanks to the presence of Sasi, Dubrovnik and Venice several merchants settled in the area (called in contemporary documents Bobovaz), transforming it also into an important trade fair market and trade of metals extracted, as well as also in the more remote areas. With the arrival of the Turks, Bobovac was destroyed and remained only a heap of ruins representing the ancient lost glory.

Bohorina: in the valley of the Drina River, not far from Zvornik, as can be inferred from the name (may be linked to the German surname Bacher, or the German word Bach ie stream), the town was founded by miners around the fourteenth century, the Saxons, who settled here in order to exploit the mines of silver and lead the area.

Borovica Gornja: attest to the presence of the Saxons in the town, called here in order to work the mines of silver and chromium in the area. The stories of the local miners passed down the legend of a goblin who lives down the mines. Perkman was called, obviously derived from the German Bergmann = miner, a man of the mountains, and looked like a dwarf. From his mood depended on the fate of the miners and no one was to disturb him. It seems obvious that such a belief is derived directly from the stories of the Saxons, because they were handed the same time a similar legend concerning a king of the silver, also dwarf, whose mood depended on the exploitation of mines. It seems that the current inhabitants of Gornja Borovica can be traced directly to the people Sasi. In fact, the inhabitants of Borovica have different facial features from those of the surrounding population, characteristics that make them look foreign. They are tall and thin with long faces, pink complexion, blue eyes and shiny hair: blond or red-tinged yellow.

Bosanska Kostajnica: Miners Saxons settled in the town in the fifteenth century.

Bosanska Krupa: attest to the presence in the Saxon city.

Bosanski Grahovo: Saxon settlers (known locally saksonski Rudari) arrived in the Serbian city of Bosanski Grahovo, one of the most important time Bogomil heresy, at the invitation of King Tvrtko I Kotromani to work the mines of the mountains Dinara (the border of Dalmatia), now in disuse. The colony disappeared with the arrival of the Turks.

Bratunac: the city was the site of a Saxon settlement. The Saxons founded a number of surrounding villages (Likar, Lazovac, Azlice, chisels, etc..) And left its mark in local place names (eg Saska = reka River of the Saxons, or Kvarc = Quartz Mountain).

Brgule: Zvijezda in the mountains, is an ancient center of Saxon foundation, formerly known as German Berg or Bergl.

Datansko: near Varese, Saxons trasferisono miners in the locality in order to exploit the local coal mines that were closed were in 1993. The villagers, as well as those of the town of Bijelo Borje Viceno, Brezik, Dikniii, Mir, and Visnjic Prii are all Catholics and speak Croatian.

Deevice: The Sasi settled in villages around the twelfth or thirteenth century as a renowned expert miners and metalworkers. Germanic settlers were followed by nationality also Dubrovnik merchants.

Dolovi: Olovo not far from the village retains the traces of Saxon place names such as Stone and Stojna sources, from German Stein = stone.

Dubost: (Dubosc in the Middle Ages) founded by the Greeks, according to legend, the Saxons, as attested by ancient sources, many came here, called by Ban Kulin (1180-1204) to take advantage of the local mines of silver and chromium. The development of the locality, however, occurred in 1350, under King Tvtrko, moved here so that many people of Dubrovnik merchants engaged in commerce in gold, silver and lead mined in the surrounding area.

Dusino: Saxon presence in this small village not far from Sarajevo, as well as the surrounding area, is attested since 1300.

Foa: the presence of distinguished Saxon and Catholic city in the Middle Ages. Foa was home to two famous Saxons, Hans and Sasinovi Nikl said that Sassone's sons, who represented the Kingdom of Bosnia in the Republic of Venice and the Holy Roman Empire. The Saxons also the city is also devoted to the extraction of gold from the rivers of the area.

Fojhar: not far from SASE, the area of Srebrenica, it is clear a village of Saxon origin.

Fojhari: not far from Srebrenica, it is clear a village of Saxon origin.

Fojnica: The Saxons settled in the city and surrounding area in order to exploit the copper and silver mines nearby. Many were the people of Dubrovnik merchants who exported the silver Fojnica throughout Europe. The mines of the city produced more than three tons of gold a year, In the city, for this, the Mint was established state of the king of Bosnia, where they were minted national coins (in the documents of Dubrovnik we speak of the "great King "and" regis Bossini itd denarii. "). The production of coins ceased with the arrival of the Turks, that also meant the gradual disappearance of the community from Sasi. Even today, however, in Fojnica, unique case as Kresevo, the squares are called Placa, who comes from the German word Platz. The surname Kilovac, released in the Fojnica, from the German Kielsmann. In 1739, some localities are cited from Fojnica named Stone, from German Stein = stone.

Chisel: at SASE, the area of Srebrenica, in the Middle Ages the village was home to a mine and a Saxon settlement.

Grubanovii: Sasi I founded this village in the mountains Zvijezda (2 km from Brgule), in the thirteenth century, referred to herein by Queen Helen of Anjou, in order to exploit the mines in the area. The name of the place is to reconnect to the German word "grub" that is hollow.

Jelake: this village, the mountain range of Zvijezda seems to have been the extreme ramifications of the Saxon settlement of the area.

Kresevo: Sasi i moved to this area to exploit its mines of copper and silver. Their presence is attested only from medieval sources. Even Kresevo, as Fojnica, unique cases throughout Bosnia, the square is called the German Placa.

Kvarac: As the name suggests, this village, located not far from SASE, was founded by Saxon miners who have come here to exploit the local mine quartz.

Likar: Saxon mining settlement of the area of Bratunac, the arrival of the Turks was completely abandoned.

Lisac: not far from SASE, in the Middle Ages the village was home to a large colony of Saxon miners.

Livno: we only know of a presence in the city of miners Sasi in the Middle Ages.

Ljubija: Saxon miners moved in the Ljubija in the Middle Ages (especially Rudnik), to exploit the mine site, dedicated to the extraction of iron. With the arrival of the Turks mining ceased almost entirely, only to resume in part under the Habsburg rule.

Majdan Planina: Sasi is known to occur in the Middle Ages, in the mountains of Majdan Planina, rushed here to take advantage of the local mineral deposits.

Oevlje: and 'the only place in Europe, where iron is melted and ferrous products are made using the old techniques and processes still medieval water pre-industrial. Today, only three forges work here (called the Turkish maydans), renowned for the production of horseshoes. Not far from Oevlje lies the small village of plates, whose name (which derives from the Italian slab) is clear from Dubrovnik, and attests to the presence of Saxon merchants and blacksmiths in Dubrovnik. Tidbits: Sheets was born in the Franciscan Fra Filip Pavement, father of Bosnian history.

Olovo: (lit. place of extraction of lead) important center of medieval mining extraction of lead (not coincidentally called Plumbum in the Middle Ages) the city and its surrounding areas were characterized by a major mining presence Saxon. Over the centuries, the town also became the center of the lead market attracting many merchants Dubrovnik.

Ormanov Potok: site in the town of Fojnica, for some, the name derives from the personal name Hermann the German.

Ostrun: still, in the area, there are ruins of Saxon mining settlements. The local silver mine was given a concession to the Saxon Petrovi Hanus (Hanus Sasina Petrus de) in the fourteenth century by King Tvrtko.

Rudine: at Sasevci, not far from Olovo, this village was founded by miners in the Middle Ages Sasi.

Rudo: probably Saxon miners moved also in Rudo.

Sarajevo: a large colony Saxon, a fact reflected in the Annals of the Republic of Ragusa, was established in the then small fortified town of Vrhbosna / Bosnavr (Verchwossn, Werchwossn), as was then called Sarajevo. Saxon's presence in the city no longer feels about after the Turkish conquest.

SASE (Srebrenica): another mine active since the Middle Ages is that of the village of SASE at Srebrenica. Are obtained from the mine still lead, zinc and silver. The name of the place (SASE) is directly derived from that of the Saxons who lived here (in German was perhaps Saxendorff). Ancient records show that SASE to 1,200 kg of silver were produced around the year 1450.

SASE (Viegrad): between Visegrad and Viegradska Banja, the name of this village comes from ethnic Sachsen = Saxons, the founders of the place. The same applies to the location of aevci at Olovo.

Sasina: As the name indicates, this region of Sanski Most of the village was founded by Saxon settlers. Isolated from the bulk of the Saxon settlement, its inhabitants had to be quickly assimilated by the Slavic majority surroundings, but always maintained their Catholic faith, so much so that Sasina was long the only Croatian village in a purely Serb and Catholic-Muslim .

akinovci: Bosanska Gradika located in the village, perhaps, was founded by settlers in the Middle Ages Sasi.

aona: between Visoko and Kiseljak, the village with the name of Stein was founded by the Saxons in the Middle Ages.

Srebrenica: the city of Srebrenica (Argentaria called by the Romans) was an important Saxon Bosnia. The Sasi, settled here in the fourteenth century sl order to proceed with the exploitation of silver mines of the area (srebro, hence the name of Srebrenica, Serbian-Croatian case means not silver). Following Sasi, many colonies settled in the city of Dubrovnik, Srebrenica and transformed into a cosmopolitan little universe. Srebrenica soon became the most important mining and commercial city of the region west of Serbia. The Saxons were governed by a board of 12 citizens called Purgari, who governed the community according to the Germanic medieval law. Not only that, but Srebrenica was enacted a mining law Saxon particularly advanced, so that even in ancient documents speak of the law Dubrovnik managed to "de uzanza Srebreniza". Home to a large Catholic population of Germany and Ragusa (Dubrovnik had its console here in its representation), Srebrenica opposed a strenuous resistance to the attempts of Islamization of the city which the Turks proceeded after his conquest. Even in the sixteenth century, its population was two-thirds Catholic. Saski Potok of the numerous names like Reka testify today and Saskia the thick Saxon presence in the Middle Ages.

Trenjica: in the region of the Drina, the locality was affected by intense migration of Sasi, arrived here in the fourteenth century to exploit the local mine.

Varese as evidenced by the names that surround the city (for example, Saski C = Valley of the Saxons, and Saski Potok = River of the Saxons or Saxon or Nijemac Sas = = Germany), the area and the town of Vares were affected by strong settlements of Saxons recalled here in order to exploit the mines of high quality iron and lead, but also the immense forests of the area. Traces of the Saxon town are found also in the architecture, as the old houses are built to the German Vares vertically, with ears that look close to the road. The resort in the Middle Ages was called Varevallium.

Visoko: the presence of Saxons (along with many more merchants Dubrovnik) is attested from the fourteenth century.

Viegrad: for this is attested presence Saxon town of relief.

Zarue: at Varese. The village seems to have been founded by the Saxons in the fourteenth century.

Zvijezda: the ridge of the mountains Zvijezda (lit. Star), north of Olovo, was affected by a strong presence in the villages of Saxon colonized Oevlje, Gornja and Donja Vijaka, etc.. and that has left numerous traces of himself in the names of the place. The first wave of settlers arrived here under the Saxons Ban Kulin. Part of the population today of the mountains Zvijezda, Croatian language and Catholic religion, can be traced back to the Sasi. Vijaka Not far from Donja, a forest still bears the German name of Harco (Harz).

Zvornik: Sasi here too were invited to settle in order to exploit the mines of gold, silver and lead the city.